Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree indigenous to China. Records show it has been cultivated in China for over 2000 years. From this beginning, loquat has spread to more than 30 countries around the world. Grown in various regions of Asia, the Mediterranean and across the Americas, loquats suit both temperate and subtropical areas, sharing the same environmental conditions as citrus. Loquat is an increasingly commercial crop in some Asian and European countries with a good amount of international trade. Recent research has focused on improving crop yields and quality. Over 100 different varieties have been developed to meet both growers' and consumers' demands. These developments have contributed to a better understanding of the crop environment, plant growth and physiology of tree and fruit development with implications for both breeding and cultivation. This book is to be the first to provide a comprehensive coverage of the history, physiology, culture and marketing of loquat throughout the world.
The Avocado
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The avocado industry is evolving rapidly. Avocado production has almost doubled recently, with significant expansion in areas planted, especially in Latin America, but also in Africa and Asia. Moreover, the global demand for avocado keeps on growing. The Avocado, 3rd edition is a unique and comprehensive source of information for avocado researchers, and covers everything from the history and distribution, novel agronomic practices, ecological and climatic requirements, and emerging diseases and pest problems. It compiles state-of-the-art information to promote more sustainable production systems and better preparedness to face the challenges that will shape the future of avocado production. This fully updated third edition includes many new international contributors especially from those regions with active and expanding avocado industries. Considering the expansion in avocado consumption, it also includes a new chapter on avocado uses and human nutrition. This is a valuable resource for avocado researchers, academicians and students of horticulture and botany, advisers, professional growers and practitioners in the industry.
Behavioural Biology of Dogs
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Written by experts in different areas, this book presents an up-to-date account of the behavioural biology of dogs. Split in 3 parts, the book addresses the specific aspects of behavioural biology. The first part deals with the evolution and development of the dog, whereas the next part deals with basic aspects of dog behaviour. The final part emphasises on the behavioural problems, their prevention and cure.
The adult Trichoptera (caddisflies) of Britain and Ireland
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The caddisflies are a cosmopolitan group of insects whose aquatic larvae are perhaps better known than their moth-like adults. There are currently 199 species known from the British Isles, out of a total of around 1400 species in Europe and over 12,000 worldwide. Although close study of the genitalia is often necessary for species identification, much progress can be made with easily observed characters such as wing patterns.This handbook contains some formal keys as well as numerous illustrations of both living and preservedspecimens to aid the newcomer to this group.
Greenhouse Technology and Management
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Greenhouse cultivation has expanded in recent decades with increased demand for horticultural production. This book covers current technologies and management practices of general greenhouse production, with a particular emphasis on plastic greenhouses and vegetable growing. The author begins by addressing the natural greenhouse microclimate, in the context of managing greenhouse systems such as ventilation, cooling, heating, carbon dioxide enrichment, light management, crop physiology, greenhouse design and construction criteria. The book then moves on to cover other issues of greenhouse management including irrigation and fertilization, soil and substrate cultivation, plant protection, regulation, economic analysis, environmental impact, and post-harvest, production strategies and marketing. Providing an integrated approach to greenhouse production this practical text aims to provide clear advice on optimising the yield and quality of crops grown under greenhouse conditions.
Butterflies of Cyprus
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This new book summarises decades of research and collation of distributional data. From the tiny Freyeria trochylus (Grass Jewel), Europe's smallest butterfly, to the magnificent, newly arrived Papilio demoleus (Lime Swallowtail), this comprehensively illustrated reference book and field guide includes all butterfly species known in Cyprus over the past 100 years. Where applicable, reference is made to subspecies of related taxa present in nearby countries of the eastern Mediterranean. The images on the cover represent the island's seven endemics, discussed in depth. Included, too, are detailed distribution maps representing records garnered from almost 300 recorders/sources (particularly members of the Cyprus Butterfly Study Group), over a period of more than 20 years.
Advances in Mycorrhizal Science and Technology
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Mycorrhizal symbioses are widespread and fundamental components of terrestrial ecosystems and have shaped plant evolution. Research in this field is rapidly evolving and recent findings have done much to improve our understanding of how these complex plant/fungal associations function. Providing either in-depth reviews or the results of previously unpublished scientific studies, the topics covered are of global interest and include plant/fungal communication, the interaction of mycorrhizal fungi with other soil microorganisms, the use of mycorrhizal fungi in plant-production systems, and the commercial harvesting of edible mycorrhizal forest mushrooms.
Principles of Horticultural Physiology
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Understanding the physiology of plants is fundamental to horticultural studies and practice. Aimed at undergraduates, this major textbook covers applied aspects of physiology related to horticultural crops. The author discusses specific physiological processes in relation to horticultural management, maintaining a focus throughout on how horticultural practices influence plant productivity and quality. Principles of Horticultural Physiology begins by guiding students through the basics of plant physiology; plant anatomy and plant classification, before covering plant hormones, growth and development, and factors related to the external environment including water, light, temperature and soil. Greenhouse culture is also discussed, as well as practical management techniques including seeding, pruning and grafting. The book concludes with real-world horticultural considerations of harvesting crops, packaging and transportation, postharvest physiology and marketing plant products, as well as a fascinating chapter on plants and human nutrition. One of the text's chief virtues is the accessible way the author conveys sometimes complex information in an easy to follow style. An ideal resource for undergraduate students of horticulture, this book will act as a guide throughout the entire course.
Gene-for-Gene Relationship in Plant-Parasite Interactions
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Genetics has transformed plant pathology on two occasions: first when Mendelian genetics enabled the discovery that disease resistance was a heritable trait in plants, and secondly when Flor proposed the “gene-for-gene” hypothesis to explain his observations of plant-parasite interactions, based on his work on flax rust in North Dakota starting in the 1930s. Our knowledge of the genetics of disease resistance and host-pathogen coevolution is now entering a new phase as a result of the cloning of the first resistance genes. This book provides a broad review of recent developments in this important and expanding subject. Both agricultural and natural host-pathogen situations are addressed. While most of the book focuses on plant pathology, in the usual sense of the term embracing fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, there is also consideration of parasitic plants and a chapter demonstrating lessons to be learnt from the mammalian immune system. Three overall themes are addressed: genetic analyses and utilization of resistance; population genetics; and cell biology and molecular genetics. Chapters are based on papers presented at the British Society for Plant Pathology Presidential meeting held in December 1995, but all have been revised and updated to mid-1996. Written by leading authorities from North America, Europe and Australia, the book represents an essential update for workers in plant genetics, breeding, biotechnology and pathology.
Prioritizing Agricultural Research for Development
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Systematic empirical analysis is needed to help guide limited public resources to those research areas that have the greatest potential to produce benefits for the poor and the environment. Focusing on priority setting practices utilised in different international agricultural research institutes, this book discusses real world experiences and innovations with priority assessment methods. Chapters present approaches that have been used to articulate, explore and assess impact pathways and research priorities, while also considering their strengths and weaknesses and drawing together methodological lessons.
Key Questions in Biodiversity
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An understanding of biodiversity is an important requirement of a wide range of programmes of study including biology, zoology, wildlife conservation and environmental science. This book is a study and revision guide for students following such programmes in which biodiversity is an important component. It contains 600 multiple-choice questions (and answers) set at three levels - foundation, intermediate and advanced - and grouped into 10 major topic areas: 1. Principles of classification and taxonomy 2. Comparative anatomy and physiology3. Protoctists, monerans, fungi, lichens and acellular organisms4. 'Lower' plants and pteridophytes 5. Seed-bearing plants6. Sponges, cnidarians, nematodes and minor animal phyla7. Platyhelminths, annelids and molluscs8. Arthropods and echinoderms9. Fishes, amphibians and reptiles10. Birds and mammalsThe book has been produced in a convenient format so that it can be used at any time in any place. It allows the reader to learn and revise the meaning of terms used in animal and plant classification, the principles of comparative physiology, and the characteristics of, and diversity in, the major animal and plant taxa. The structure of the book allows the study of one topic area or group of taxa at a time, progressing through simple questions to those that are more demanding. Many of the questions require students to use their knowledge to identify organisms and biological structures from drawings or photographs.
Biological Control Programmes in Canada, 2013-2023
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Biological control is an important component of integrated and ecological pest management programmes. Its importance continues to increase as plant protection is challenged with climate change, invasive species, pesticide resistance, de-registration of pesticide active ingredients, and increasing consumer demands for sustainably produced food and fibre. Biological control is highly compatible with organic cropping systems and evolving pest management frameworks, including biovigilance. Canada continues to be a world leader in biological control research, development of biological control policy, and implementation of biological control programmes. This is the sixth volume of a series of books reporting on the status of biological control research and on biological control programmes employed in Canada. This volume features 58 case study chapters that describe the research and progress in implementation of biological control for pests including insects, mites, weeds, and plant pathogens. Topics important to biological control, including policy, emerging technologies, biological control in urban landscapes and future targets for biological control are reviewed. Although the volume focusses on the Canadian biological control experience, the chapters will be of interest to a global audience of researchers and students of biological control, risk assessment, ecology, and pest management. This bookOffers a detailed analysis of the state-of-the-art of biological control in Canada.Explains how biological control research is responding to challenges including climate change and invasive alien species.Gives insights in effective risk assessment and pest management.It is a valuable resource for students and researchers of pest management and biological control, and for practitioners and policy-makers needing analysis of the practical implications of using this approach.
Key Questions in Environmental Toxicology
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Key Questions in Environmental Toxicology is designed as a self-study tool for undergraduate students. Questions review the origin, characterization and environmental distribution of major pollutants, followed by their absorption and metabolic disposition in living organisms. They address implications for the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary dysfunction and neurological conditions in relation to gaseous pollutants, particulates, persistent organic compounds and radioactive emissions, then cover the impact of pollutants on biodiversity, food safety, and water contamination. This book: - Covers toxicology from human morbidity, ecological impact and biodiversity perspectives, and emphasises the impact of diverse organic pollutants in worsening these interconnected phenomena, leading to wider environmental emergencies; - Provides a selection of fill-in-the-gap, multiple choice and short answer question types for students to vary their learning and enhance motivation; - Includes full answer rationales, allowing students to gain true insight into the subject. Providing support to programmes across environmental science, ecology and human health, and covering all the major biological toxins and pollutants as well as unintended consequences of actions designed to improve outcomes, this book may be used in conjunction with the companion volume Introduction to Environmental Toxicology.
Carbohydrates in Grain Legume Seeds
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The compounds making up the dry weight of seeds play a major role in determining the nutritional quality and ultimately the uses and economic value of the seed. The carbohydrate fraction can be divided into starch, fibre and soluble carbohydrates.The result of a major collaborative programme across Europe, this book covers the chemistry, nutritional value, physiology, processing and breeding/biotechnology of carbohydrates in grain legume seeds. There is currently no book available which covers the strategies for improving carbohydrates in grain legumes (peas, beans etc.) which takes into account both nutritional and agricultural requirements. This book fills that gap. Extensive section covering the topical subject of genetic manipulation techniquesInformation within the book is useful on a world wide scale
Good Statistical Practice for Natural Resources Research
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This book provides a practical approach to applying statistics to a wide variety of studies or projects. It will help bring together the biophysical and socioeconomic aspects, that are increasingly seen as integral to successful natural resources management. The topics covered include types of study in NRM, planning, data management and analysis. The book has been written for advanced students and professionals in all disciplines in agriculture, forestry, rural development, environmental and related sciences.
Tomatoes
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This new edition of a successful, practical book provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of all aspects of the production of the tomato crop, within the context of the global tomato industry. Tomatoes are one of the most important horticultural crops in both temperate and tropical regions and this book explores our current knowledge of the scientific principles underlying their biology and production.Tomatoes 2nd Edition covers genetics and breeding, developmental processes, crop growth and yield, fruit ripening and quality, irrigation and fertilisation, crop protection, production in the open field, greenhouse production, and postharvest biology and handling. It has been updated to:reflect advances in the field, such as developments in molecular plant breeding, crop and product physiology, and production systems.include a new chapter on organic tomato production.present photos in full colour throughout.Authored by an international team of experts, this book is essential for growers, extension workers, industry personnel, and horticulture students and lecturers.
Invasive Plant Ecology in Natural and Agricultural Systems
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Bringing together reasons for why and where weeds occur and the ecological importance of weed management, this updated edition (previously entitled "Weed Ecology") provides an in-depth study of plant ecology with greater coverage of invasive plant biology and more concise statistics. In a new, larger format, printed in two colours, and illustrated throughout with figures, tables and case studies it is an essential text for students in plant ecology, agriculture and horticulture.
Rainfed Agriculture
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Rainfed agriculture is generally overlooked by development investors, researchers and policy makers due to limited confidence in its ability to increase agricultural production and development. However, research undertaken by a team of leading scientists from global organizations demonstrates its potential in achieving food security, improving livelihoods and most importantly addressing issues of equity and poverty reduction in dryland areas - the hot spots of poverty.On the basis of case studies from varied agricultural and ecological regions in Asia and Africa, chapters discuss the need for adopting new paradigms between rainfed and irrigated agriculture, catchment/micro-watershed management approaches, upgrades in science-based development and more investments in rainfed areas. Yield gaps for major rainfed crops are analysed globally and possible ways and means including technological, social, and institutional options to bridge the yield gaps are discussed in detail. Covering areas such as rainwater harvesting and its efficient use, the rehabilitation of degraded land and assessment methods for social, environmental and economic impacts, this book will be necessary for both academics and policy makers working in water management, agriculture and sustainable development.
Plant Sciences Reviews 2010
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Plant Sciences Reviews 2010 provides scientists and students in the field with timely analysis on key topics in current research. Originally published online in CAB Reviews, this volume makes available in printed form the reviews in plant sciences published during 2010.
Plants and Planting on Landscape Sites
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Landscape architects, design professionals and contractors alike require a good working knowledge of how to achieve plant establishment under a variety of conditions and situations. Overlooking the physiological needs of plants can lead to potential problems that can have negative financial and design impacts. Plants and Planting on Landscape Sites is a practical book giving practitioners in landscape design the essential horticultural knowledge and concepts needed to understand the limits of the material they are working with and make informed decisions.From specification to supervision, this book provides concrete advice along with practical examples for each stage of a typical project. It contains sections on: the landscape site; selecting, assessing and purchasing plants; understanding nursery practice; forms and types of transplant traded; seeds and direct seeding; pre-planting site work; transplanting; and care in the establishment phase. Specially commissioned high quality line diagrams and full colour photographs are used throughout to demonstrate meaning and give examples.Peter Thoday is an experienced consultant, international lecturer in landscape management, and past president of The Institute of Horticulture, who has had numerous roles in high-profile projects, such as Horticultural Director of the Eden Project. Written by an expert, this book is as an essential tool for landscape architects, project managers, contractors and nursery managers.
Key Questions in Hydrology and Watershed Management
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This book provides a series of exercises of various types covering matters of hydrology and watershed management. The exercises include true/false questions, multiple choice questions, and numeric, graphical, and analytical exercises. The questions draw on the basic disciplines of hydrology and physics, with some stress placed on correct or appropriate units. The questions reflect the authors' many years of teaching watershed management at undergraduate and graduate levels.Questions cover:1. Terminology and measurement of flow (and units)2. Quantifying stream networks3. Concepts of water balance and evapotranspiration4. Slope recharge, groundwater hydrology, and water-table/phreatic aquifers5. Single and paired watershed experiments6. Impacts of fires on watersheds7. Concepts and measurements of water quality8. Flooding forests9. Valuation of water10. Protection of forest stream by buffers11. Urban watershed conceptsThe book is self-contained, and designed to be used at any time in any place, either for revision or as source material for teaching. The work is graded so that easier questions are presented early, followed by harder questions. Answers are concise but contain enough information to help students study and revise on a topic-by-topic basis. The book concludes with suggestions for student exercises and projects and is an invaluable resource for both students and instructors.
Climate Change in Contrasting River Basins
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Dealing with climate change is generally considered to be one of the greatest challenges for the coming decades. Changes in precipitation are likely to have a major impact on the hydrological cycle and subsequently on the environment and food production. However, until now clear guidance on how to respond to this challenge, particularly at the river basin level, has been lacking.This book has been developed from the ADAPT project, focusing on the development of regional adaptation strategies for water, food and the environment in river basins across the world. A generic methodology is presented and applied to seven case studies in contrasting geographical areas of the world: Mekong (SE Asia), Rhine (Western Europe), Sacramento (USA), Syr Darya (Central Asia), Volta (Ghana), Walawe (Sri Lanka) and Zayandeh (Iran).
Almonds
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This book provides a comprehensive overview of almond growing from a scientific and horticultural perspective, covering botany, production, processing and industrial uses. Almonds are an important crop; they are highly regarded for their flavour, nutritional properties and culinary uses, and almond oil is used widely in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical production. They are easy to transport and have long storability, facilitating global dissemination. Demand is constantly increasing and global production has more than doubled in the last 20 years. The popularity of almonds and the increase in demand has required new plantings and a response to ongoing changes in cultural and climatic conditions. Almonds: Botany, Production and Uses meets the need for up-to-date information on this crop and covers:· botany and taxonomy· cultivation, genetics and breeding· propagation, orchard management and harvesting· pests and diseases· nutrition, marketing and utilization Authored by an international team of experts and presented in full colour throughout, this book is an essential resource for academic researchers and extension workers, as well as growers, orchard managers and industry personnel.
Blueberries
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This new and updated edition of a highly successful practical book covers major topics of interest to blueberry breeders and researchers including: breeding, varieties, botany, physiology, nutrition, growth regulation, cultivation methods and practices, photosynthesis, plant interaction with the environment, weeds, pests, diseases and postharvest management. The focus is on the highbush blueberry, though information on other blueberries and related species is also provided.Blueberries are cultivated worldwide and this book explores plantings in a great diversity of environments, reflecting on the development of innovative cultural practices and conditions. It examines the increased scope and depth of research activities related to this crop and brings together the current status of knowledge on blueberry science and management. Explaining in an understandable manner the basic science behind the growth and development of blueberries, their botanical characteristics, as well as the implications and effects of various management practices and environmental conditions, Blueberries 2nd Edition also: - Highlights emerging genetic information on the blueberry. - Includes new information on pruning, grafting and irrigation. - Covers current and potential uses of plant growth regulators. - Gathers new information on fruit quality and consumer acceptance.This definitive guide to blueberry cultivation is an essential resource for soft fruit researchers, extension workers, academics, breeders, growers and students.
Jackfruit
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Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), is a species of tree in the fig, mulberry, and breadfruit family (Moraceae) and is widely esteemed in tropical Asia. The jackfruit tree is well suited to tropical lowlands, and is widely cultivated throughout South and South-East Asia. It is also grown to a limited extent in Australia, USA, East Africa, as well as in Brazil, Mexico and the Caribbean. Producing giant fruits which can reach up to 80kg in size, jackfruit is the largest tree-borne fruit in the world. It is highly versatile, providing food, timber, fuel in addition to medicinal and industrial products. The ripe fruit is sweet and is more often used for desserts. Canned green jackfruit has a mild taste and meat-like texture that lends itself to being called a 'vegetable meat'. Hence, it is growing in popularity due to its use as a vegan meat alternative.The tree is a major component of subsistence and small-farming systems and the fruit often assumes the role of a secondary staple food as well as contributing to the livelihoods of the poor. Despite this, it is still an underutilized crop in many countries. Containing information on jackfruit production technology, postharvest management and processing, this is a valuable resource for researchers in horticulture, plant science, and those interested in sustainable food systems.
Fungal Families of the World
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Fungal Families of the World portrays the immense diversity of the Kingdom Fungi. As well as basic information on all currently recognised families, detailed entries are provided on over 250 key families, describing their morphology, ecology, phylogeny, distribution and economic significance. Key Features:" 536 fungal families included, some published in 2007" New A4 format" Nearly 900 full colour illustrations" Carefully selected references to aid further reading
The Carabidae (ground beetles) of Britain and Ireland
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The Carabidae (ground beetles) are a cosmopolitan family, with an estimated 40,000 species worldwide.The prime purpose of this book is to enable the reliable identification of the adults of the 350 species of Carabids that occur in Britain and Ireland. Fully illustrated keys to subfamilies, tribes, genera and species are provided. Notes are provided for each species to enable the user to confirm (or otherwise) identification.
The Blow flies RES Handbook is an identification guide to the British species of the three families Calliphoridae, Polleniidae and Rhiniidae, collectively known as the blow flies. Using high quality diagnostic photographs throughout, the Handbook has been created to satisfy the need for an up-to-date identification tool for both enthusiast and professional entomologists.Blow flies are widely distributed and diverse. Many species are seasonal. Biological recorders should be able to find a good list within their local area. But these flies are also of ecological, medical and veterinary interest. As well as pollinating plants and helping to decompose organic matter, they can also spread disease. Egg laying on living animals, particularly livestock, causes myiasis, sometimes leading to death if not treated early enough. In addition, blow flies are an essential tool of forensic entomology. The presence of different species and their stage of development assists in reconstructing the circumstances around suspicious deaths. Hatching time, larval development and pupation are all highly dependent on temperature. The rate of development also varies between species.The author established the Calliphoridae Recording Scheme in 2015. Following taxonomic changes at the family level this has since become the Calliphoridae, Rhiniidae and Polleniidae Recording Scheme. Until recently all three families were part of the Calliphoridae.
Urban Ecology
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Today, 55% of the world's human population lives in urban areas. By 2030, up to 90% of the global human population will live in cities and the global population is expected to increase by 68% by 2050. Although land cover categorized as "urban" is a relatively small fraction of the total surface of the Earth, urban areas are major driving forces in global environmental change, habitat loss, threats to biodiversity, and the loss of terrestrial carbon stored in vegetation biomass. These and many other factors highlight the need to understand the broad-scale impacts of urban expansion as it effects the ecological interactions between humans, wildlife and plant communities. In a series of essays by leading experts this book defines urban ecology, and provides much-needed focus on the main issues of this increasingly important subdiscipline such as the impacts of invasive species, protecting pollinators in urban environments, the green cities movement and ecological corridors. The book stresses the importance of understanding ecological forces and ecosystem services in urban areas and the integration of ecological concepts in urban planning and design. The creation of urban green spaces is critical to the future of urban areas, enhancing human social organization, human health and quality of life. Urban ecology is becoming a foundational component of many degree programs in universities worldwide and this book will be of great interest to students and researchers in ecology and conservation science, and those involved in urban planning and urban environmental management.
Medicinal Plant Biotechnology
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There have been rapid advances in the field of plant biotechnology in recent years, increasing the potential for medical application. Covering the latest advances in the use of plants to produce medicinal drugs and vaccines, this volume examines topics including plant tissue culture, secondary metabolite production, metabolomics and metabolic engineering, bioinformatics, molecular farming and future biotechnological directions, with contributors from key researchers in the field. Medicinal Plant Biotechnology is an essential text for researchers in plant biology and biotechnology, medical sciences and pharmacology.
Food Plants of the World
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Food Plants of the World is a comprehensive overview of the commercially important plants that provide us with food, beverages, spices and flavours. It includes descriptions of around 380 food and flavour plants and their close relatives. For each plant, the following information is given: plant description, origin & history, cultivation & harvesting, culinary uses & properties, and nutritional value. This revised edition is thoroughly updated throughout, and includes around 30 additional species, as well as an introduction to functional foods.This is an indispensable reference guide for anyone interested in the botanical origin of food ingredients and flavours.
Introduction to Animal and Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology
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A sound knowledge of anatomy and physiology is an essential basis for the effective clinical treatment of companion animals and farm animals alike. The fifth edition of this bestselling textbook continues to provide students with a comprehensive description of the anatomy and physiology of dogs, cats, birds, exotics, farmed animals, and horses. This new edition:Contains detailed descriptions of the systematic anatomy and physiology of a wide range of animal species with expanded bird coverage for the first time.Includes applied anatomy tips that relate theory to clinical practice.Considers anatomy education not only for veterinary science students, but also those studying wider animal science, animal behaviour, or agriculture.Newly enhanced with an online test-yourself course and augmented reality animations to view on your phone and bring the subject to life, this book is an essential and easy to understand introduction for all those embarking upon a veterinary, animal science or animal management career.
GM Agriculture and Food Security
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Efforts to improve food security in the developing world have been hampered due to myths surrounding GM agriculture. This book explores the theory, evidence and rhetoric of the impact of food production on the environment, and the impact of the environment on food production. The chapters address: food security and technology; expertise and opportunism; the promise of technology; the politicization of risk; industrial agriculture; the meaning of 'natural'; the potential of the local food movement; food labelling; genetic diversity in the agro-industrial era; sustainability and chemical application; plant vitality; and future prospects for food security. Each chapter includes a personal introduction from the authors about the issues at hand, followed by a detailed analysis with further references. The book considers the origins of concerns and then examines the evidence around the issues, and the impacts in terms of policy, regulation and agricultural practice. It also:- Refutes common consumer and environmental organization myths about biotechnology. - Highlights the importance of food security in both the developing and developed world.- Provides a pro-science approach to increasing food security.This book will be of interest to students and researchers in biotechnology, food security and public understanding of science, and also to policy makers, regulators and industry managers.
Biology and Management of the German Cockroach
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The German cockroach continues to be one of the most important indoor urban pests in the world. They contaminate foods, transmit pathogens and produce allergens that trigger asthma. The last seminal publication dedicated to the German cockroach was published in 1995 by Rust, Owens and Reierson, and numerous advances in management technology, products, delivery system, basic and applied research have occurred over the last two-and-a-half decades. This book summarises the research on German cockroaches over the last 25 years with an emphasis on its biology and management. Fourteen authors contributed to this book, including university researchers and one pest management professional. In the preparation of this book, the authors provide a critical review of the research advancements in the past 25 years with the objective of making it a go-to reference on German cockroach biology and management. Biology and Management of the German Cockroach will provide the reader with a one-stop compilation of comprehensive understanding into the pest. It will be a valuable reference book to researchers, university professors, graduate students, pest management professionals, health workers, government agencies and even the general public when dealing with pests and pesticides.
Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes
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This book is about many common and some less common hyphomycete fungi with dark conidia or conidiophores. It aims to make their identification easier and in particular enable students and amateur mycologists, as well as professionals, who do not have direct access to a large herbarium, to name a number of their own collections and isolates to species level. This group of fungi is important as it includes many pathogens of plants and animals, many species which cause spoilage of food and deterioration of paper, plastics, textiles etc, and others which are used in various industrial processes.
Plant Genetic Resources and Climate Change
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* Provides specific examples of germplasm research related to climate change threats* Edited by internationally renowned experts in the field* The final chapter of the book draws a synthesis of the many issues raised within the book
Intellectual Property Rights in Agricultural Biotechnology
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During the past twenty-five years, biotechnology has revolutionized agricultural research. The enormous potential, together with a landmark decision by the US Supreme Court to allow the patenting of genetically-engineered organisms has encouraged private sector companies to invest in agricultural biotechnology research programmes. This has contributed to a rapid growth in interest in intellectual property rights as applied to this subject.The first edition of this book was published in 1998. Now fully revised and updated it presents definitive information on intellectual property law in a simplified form (with a minimum of legal jargon). New chapters have been added which cover plant variety protection and farmers rights, and additional case studies.
Conservation of Dragonflies
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Dragonflies are among the most familiar and popular of all insects, deeply embedded in human cultural history. They are iconic and tell us much about the environments in which we and they live. Their conservation is an important part of biodiversity conservation.One modern dragonfly species is listed as extinct, with many others currently threatened. It is now essential to increase conservation efforts towards saving these threatened species, with strategies now available for doing this. Recovery of dragonfly populations goes hand in hand with improvements to both freshwater conditions and bank vegetation quality. In contrast, some other dragonfly species have benefitted greatly from human transformation of the landscape, with artificial ponds in particular, increasing the population levels of many species. In turn, climate change is seeing many geographical range shifts.Dragonflies are variously sensitive to the health of freshwater systems, and the quality of vegetation along rivers and around ponds. Dragonflies are excellent indicators in these times of great concern over the quality of our freshwater supplies. Their wide range of sensitivities enables us to measure the extent to which freshwater ecosystems are either deteriorating or are improving when we undertake restoration. They enable us to gauge how well we are conserving freshwaters, whether ponds and lakes, streams or rivers. They are also good umbrellas for many other freshwater inhabitants, which altogether reflect the health of a freshwater system.Conservation of Dragonflies: Sentinels for Freshwater Conservation is for naturalists, citizen scientists, entomologists and conservation scientists, as well as practitioners and policy makers around the world.
Allium Crop Science
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The Alliums are some of the most ancient cultivated crops and include onions, garlic, leeks and other related plants. The primary aim of this book is to bring together, in a single volume, up-to-date knowledge obtained by a variety of scientific disciplines, from the basic molecular level, to application in the field, of the allium crops. It contains commissioned chapters on topics that have shown major advances particularly in the last ten years such as molecular biology, floriculture and agronomy. Contributors include leading world authorities from Europe, the USA, Japan and New Zealand.
Quinoa
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* Quinoa is an invaluable crop, highlighted by the FAO as one of the world’s main crops for future food security* Timely publication – The year 2013 has been declared "The International Year of the Quinoa" (IYQ), recognizing the Andean indigenous peoples, who have maintained, controlled, protected and preserved quinoa as food for present and future generations thanks to their traditional knowledge and practices of living well in harmony with mother earth and nature.* Covers the history, phylogeny and systematics, botany and agrotechnology
Small-scale Fisheries Management
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Small-scale fisheries make up a large proportion of world's fisheries, both by catch and participation. Effective management is essential to ensure access to fish for food and income. Covering social and economic aspects of the fishery management and governance challenge, this book provides guidance on innovative and alternative management measures and methods for small-scale fisheries. The book covers key topics such as rights, policy, co-management, communications and trade, and is an important reference for researchers and students in fisheries science and management as well as fisheries research organizations and policymakers.
Handbook of Pest Management in Organic Farming
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This book is an up-to-date and comprehensive reference covering pest management in organic farming in major crops of the world. General introductory chapters explore the management of crops to prevent pest outbreaks, plant protection tools in organic farming, and natural enemies and pest control. The remaining chapters are crop-based and discuss geographic distribution, economic importance and key pests. For each pest the fundamental aspects of its bio-ecology and the various methods of control are presented. Understanding of the scientific content is facilitated with practical advice, tables and diagrams, helping users to apply the theories and recommendations. Handbook of Pest Management in Organic Farming:· Consists of rational approaches and advice.· Is authored by a team of international specialists in pest control.· Represents the only available comprehensive review of insect pest management in organic systems. This is an essential resource for researchers and extension workers in crop protection, integrated pest management and biocontrol, and organic farming systems.
Plant Gene Silencing
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Plant gene silencing is a crucially important phenomenon in gene expression and epigenetics. This book describes the way small RNA is produced and acts to silence genes, its likely origins in defence against viruses, and also its potential to improve plants. Plant gene silencing can be used to improve industrial traits, make plants more nutritious or more valuable to consumers, to remove allergens, and to improve resistance to weeds and pathogens.
Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms, Volume 2
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Many international forums have identified the need for comprehensive, scientific methods for the pre-release testing and post-release monitoring of transgenic plants to ensure their environmental safety and sustainable use. In response to this requirement, a GMO Guidelines Project was established under the aegis of the International Organization for Biological Control, to develop biosafety testing guidelines for transgenic plants. This second volume focuses on transgenic cotton in Brazil and addresses both environmental and agricultural impacts. It draws out some general risk assessment guidelines and demonstrates the need for case-by-case analysis.
Peppers
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Although thought of as a minor crop, peppers are a major world commodity due to their great versatility. They are used not only as vegetables in their own right but also as flavourings in food products, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Aimed at advanced students and growers, this second edition expands upon topics covered in the first, such as the plant’s history, genetics, production, diseases and pests, and brings the text up to date with current research and understanding of this genus. New material includes an expansion of marker-assisted breeding to cover the different types of markers available, new directions and trends in the industry, the loss of germplasm and access to it, and the long term preservation of Capsicum resources worldwide.
Biology of Mosquitoes, Volume 3
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The great importance of mosquitoes lies in their role as transmitters of pathogens and parasites, and in their use as experimental animals well suited to laboratory investigations into aspects of biochemistry, physiology and behaviour. The largest part of this latest volume of The Biology of Mosquitoes concerns interactions between mosquitoes and viruses and the transmission of arboviruses to their vertebrate hosts, while the remainder concerns symbiotic interactions between mosquitoes and bacteria. The introduction provides a timely review of the first major development in mosquito taxonomy for several decades. Further chapters describe the interactions between mosquitoes and the viruses that infect them, the transmission and epidemiology of seven very important arboviruses, and the biology of bacteria that are important control agents or of great biological interest. Like the earlier volumes, Volume 3 combines recent information with earlier important findings from field and laboratory to provide the broadest coverage available on the subject.
Rice Research in Asia
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This work discusses the latest work in Rice Research in Asian countries and makes suggestions on future progression and rice research priorities.
Oestrid Flies
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This book provides an in-depth review and analysis of the biology of adults and larvae of the Family Oestridae (commonly known as botflies, or warble flies). Oestrid flies cause myiasis (invasion of living tissue by the larvae), and are a major pest of both domestic and wild animals worldwide. The book presents a comparative investigation of the life histories and adaptation to parasitism exhibited by this unique family of flies. It also gives a detailed survey of each genus and provides a synopsis of the taxonomy of the family. It contains chapters on morphology, life history, host-parasite relationships, taxonomy and behaviour.
Valuing Crop Biodiversity
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This book examines the challenges faced by farmers trying to maintain crop biodiversity in developing and transitional economies. Using a collection of empirical case studies of farmers and crop scientists across a range of agricultural economies and income levels, it presents economic tools and methods for valuing and managing crop biodiversity. It discusses the economic benefits of crop biodiversity for farmers and suggests ways in which crop biodiversity can be supported by national policies. The book provides an indispensable 'tool kit' for all those concerned with the development of strategies to facilitate sustainable management and conservation of crop genetic diversity for future generations.
Soil Ecology and Management
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Soil ecology is the study of interactions between the physio-chemical components of the soil and organisms living within the soil. Humans are highly dependent upon the soil ecosystem, which provides food, fiber, fuel and ecological services, such as the recycling of atmospheric gases. It is therefore important to understand the function and nature of the soil ecosystem in order to predict and mitigate the long term consequences of present day actions. Soil Ecology and Management describes the organisms inhabiting the soil, their functions and interactions and the dimensions of human impact on the activity of soil organisms and soil ecological function. Chapters discuss basic soil characteristics and biogeochemical cycling, key soil flora and fauna, community-level dynamics (soil food webs) and the ecological and pedological functions of soil organisms. Unlike other soil biology and ecology textbooks, the authors also convey a better understanding of how human activities impact upon soil ecology in a section on ecosystem management and its effects on soil biota and provide a unique perspective on the utility of soil organisms.
Postharvest Physiology and Hypobaric Storage of Fresh Produce
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Hypobaric (low-pressure) storage offers considerable potential as a method to prevent postharvest loss of horticultural and other perishable commodities, such as fruit, vegetables, cut flowers and meat. Yet hitherto there has been no comprehensive evaluation and documentation of this method and its scientific basis. Written by the world's leading authority on hypobaric storage Postharvest Physiology and Hypobaric Storage of Fresh Produce fills this gap in the existing literature. The first part of the book provides a detailed account of the metabolic functions of gases, and the mechanisms of postharvest gas exchange, heat transfer and water loss in fresh produce. The effect of hypobaric conditions on each process is then considered, before a critical review of all available information on hypobaric storage. This includes horticultural commodity requirements, laboratory research, and the design of hypobaric warehouses and transportation containers.
Understanding, Assessing and Improving Farm Animal Welfare
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Improving welfare in farmed animals is good for productivity, consumer demand and, of course, the animals themselves. Covering the current scientific knowledge on the sensitivity and consciousness of animals, this translation of the Le Bien-être des animaux d'élevage series reviews how to understand, assess and then improve farm animal welfare.Beginning with the philosophical and legal history of the consideration of their well-being, it synthesizes this information to build a common reference so that we all share the same notion of what animal welfare actually is. It then evaluates the welfare assessment process, which must be as reliable and objective as possible and require the use of appropriate indicators. Fully outlined in reference documents, these are summarized at the level of specific farming situations for easy reference. Concluding with the different ways of improving animal welfare, the book takes a holistic approach, considering the animals' physical and social environment, the integrated management of their health, the relationship between human and animal, the management of animal suffering, and treatment of animals during transportation and slaughter.Suitable for students and researchers of animal agriculture, animal science and veterinary medicine, this book provides an approachable and comprehensive coverage of this important topic.
Climate Change and Insect Pests
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Insects, being poikilothermic, are among the organisms that are most likely to respond to changes in climate, particularly increased temperatures. Range expansions into new areas, further north and to higher elevations, are already well documented, as are physiological and phenological responses. It is anticipated that the damage to crops and forests by insects will increase as a consequence of climate change, i.e. increasing temperatures primarily. However, the evidence in support of this common "belief" is sparse. Climate Change and Insect Pests sums up present knowledge regarding both agricultural and forest insect pests and climate change in order to identify future research directions.
Genetics of the Pig, The
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The understanding of pig genetics and genomics has advanced significantly in recent years, creating fresh insights into biological processes. This comprehensive reference work discusses pig genetics and its integration with livestock management and production technology to improve performance. Fully updated throughout to reflect advances in the subject, this new edition also includes new information on genetic aspects of domestication, colour variation, genomics and pig breeds, with contributions from international experts active in the field.
Potato and Sweetpotato in Africa
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Sweetpotato and potato are expanding faster than any other food crops in sub-Saharan Africa. There is growing investment in research to address bottlenecks in value chains concerning these two crops, and growing interest from the private sector in investing in them. This book addresses five major themes on sweetpotato and potato: policies for germplasm exchange, food security and trade in Africa; seed systems; breeding and disease management; post-harvest management, processing technologies and marketing systems; nutritional value and changing behaviours.
Heat Treatments for Postharvest Pest Control
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Due to the nature of agricultural commodities as carriers of exotic pests, importing countries have employed varying methods of pest control for postharvest products. Thermal treatments are emerging as effective, environmentally-friendly alternatives to traditional methods, eliminating chemical residues and minimizing damage to produce. This book provides comprehensive information of these increasingly important treatments, covering temperature measurement, heat transfer, physiological responses of plants, insects and pathogens to heat, and an introduction to current and potential quarantine treatments based on hot air, hot water, and radio frequency energy.
Mites
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There are over 40 000 named species of mite, and if estimates for unnamed species are included, then up to 1 million may grace the planet. By comparison, there are approximately 40 000 species of vertebrates, half of them fish, alive today. Mites are predators, parasites, herbivores and detritivores. They live in the dark depths of the ocean, in the lungs of birds, on the leaves of rainforest plants, and in human clothes and bedding. They are vectors of disease, vital players in soil formation, and important agents of biological control. Despite the grand diversity of mites, these small arthropods are often overlooked, and even trained biologists can be unaware of their significance. This books aims to fill the gap in our understanding of these intriguing creatures. It surveys life cycles, feeding behaviour, reproductive biology and host-associations of mites, without requiring prior knowledge of their morphology or taxonomy. The text is richly illustrated with line drawings and photographs. Topics covered include evolution of mites and other arachnids, mites in soil and water, mites on plants and animals, sperm transfer and reproduction, and mites as models of ecological and evolutionary theories.
International Trade and Policies for Genetically Modified Products
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There are a number of controversial issues that surround agricultural biotechnology and genetically modified products. International trade and policies are at the forefront of these controversies. This book addresses these issues and has been developed from a meeting of the International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research, held in Revello, Italy, in July 2004. It covers five themes: analytical studies; empirical trade studies; spillover dimensions; intellectual property rights; and applied general equilibrium trade models.
Modelling Nature
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This short textbook introduces students to the concept of describing natural systems using mathematical models. We highlight the variety of ways in which natural systems lend themselves to mathematical description and the importance of models in revealing fundamental processes. The process of science via the building, testing and use of models (theories) is described and forms the structure of the book. The book covers a broad range from the molecular to ecosystems and whole-Earth phenomena. Themes running through the chapters include scale (temporal and spatial), change (linear and nonlinear), emergent phenomena and uncertainty. Mathematical descriptions are kept to a minimum and we illustrate mechanisms and results in graphical form wherever possible. Essential mathematical details are described fully, with the use of boxes. The mathematics supports but does not lead the text.
The Coconut
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The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the world's most important palms, and contributes significantly to the income and livelihood of many people in tropical countries. Widely referred to as the 'tree of life', coconut has been used as a source of food, drink, oil, medicine, shelter and wood for around 500 years. Every part of the coconut palm can be utilized. The demand for coconut fruit and its products has increased recently as people have become aware of its nutritional and health benefits, especially those of coconut water and virgin coconut oil. This book covers all aspects of coconut including origins and diversity; ecophysiology; production in a changing climate; pests and diseases; harvest and postharvest management; breeding and genetics; as well as the current and future status of coconut as an economic crop. This book is a key resource for researchers and students in horticulture, plant science and agriculture, and those interested in the production of tropical crops, and practitioners in the coconut industry.
Animal Andrology
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Understanding animal andrology is fundamental to optimising genetic breeding traits in domestic and wild animals. This book provides extensive coverage of male reproductive biology, discussing the essentials of sperm production, harvest and preservation before covering the applications to a range of animals including cattle, horses, pigs, small ruminants, camelids, cats and dogs, poultry and exotic species. It also examines the laboratory procedures that provide the basis of general fertility research.
Tourism, Recreation and Biological Invasions
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The first section of the book includes information about how tourism-related infrastructure and activities promote biological invasions, including key pathways for non-native invasive species introductions. This section provides case studies of different organisms that are known to be introduced and/or promoted by tourism in different ecosystems or regions. The second section elaborates on known and potential impacts of invasive species on tourism and recreation, including how they may affect, positively or negatively, the economic revenue from tourism, tourist access, recreation, aesthetic values and tourists' perceptions. The last section focuses on management and policy, covering aspects of how visitors perceive invasive species and their willingness to manage them, biosecurity measures to prevent invasion related to tourism, as well as potential policy options moving forward. The book draws on a number of examples across multiple taxa, landscapes and regions of the world.
Finfish Aquaculture Diversification
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There is considerable global interest in the culture of finfish species both for cold and warm water aquaculture development and growth. Essential information on the biology, domestication and aquacultural characteristics of a wide selection of novel and established species is provided in the form of technical sheets, species descriptions and information on current rearing practices, making this a must-have reference in the field of aquacultural science. The book also offers a basic framework in order to support investment strategies for research and developement efforts aimed at the emergence of a profitable finfish aquaculture industry and presents a rationale for species diversification, different approaches to species selection and basic economical and market considerations governing the launch of strategic development and commercialization efforts.
Applied Plant Science Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis Using SAS® OnDemand for Academics
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The correct design, analysis and interpretation of plant science experiments is imperative for continued improvements in agricultural production worldwide. The enormous number of design and analysis options available for correctly implementing, analysing and interpreting research can be overwhelming. SAS® is the most widely used statistical software in the world and SAS® OnDemand for Academics is now freely available for academic institutions.This is a user-friendly guide to statistics using SAS® OnDemand for Academics, ideal for facilitating the design and analysis of plant science experiments. It presents the most frequently used statistical methods in an easy-to-follow and non-intimidating fashion, and teaches the appropriate use of SAS® within the context of plant science research. This book:- Covers experimental designs and data analysis protocols- Is presented as a how-to guide with many examples- Includes freely downloadable data sets- Examines key topics such as merging data frames, multivariate analysis and linear regressionAuthored by an experienced teacher of applied plant science statistics, this book assumes no prior background in statistics and guides users through the appropriate methodologies in research. It is an invaluable tool for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, in addition to researchers, extension consultants, faculty and technicians.
Genetics of the Horse
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The theory and application of mammalian genetics have been evolving rapidly over the past two decades. This has given scientists fresh insight into the biological processes which affect the functions of the animal in question. This is the latest title in our successful series of genetics books. Reference book providing a comprehensive review of the current research in horse geneticsChapters written by international experts in the field Of worldwide relevance
Human-Animal Interactions in Zoos
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Human-Animal Interactions (HAI) are a primary welfare interest to both animal scientists and practitioners. In zoos and aquariums, the study of Animal-Visitor Interactions (AVI), including both the impact of visitors on animals (the visitor effect) and the impact of animals on visitors (the visitor experience), have become a focus for understanding HAIs in zoos. The study of HAIs in zoos has grown to consider a number of factors, including animal-staff interactions and bonds, modern exhibit design and technology, direct and indirect interactions, as well as positive and negative impacts on both animals and visitor alike.This thought-provoking book summarizes the latest research concerning the impacts of HAIs in zoos, including considerations for conducting research and managing HAIs. The book:Explores the interactions of animals with keepers, veterinary professionals, and other staff, and the effects of those interactions on the welfare of animals.Considers the impact of visitors on the well-being of animals.Covers the effects of interactions on education and the visitor experience.Outlines the use of technology to enhance experience, and improve animal welfare.Details theoretical, ethical, and practical considerations relevant to HAIs in zoos.An invaluable resource for animal behaviour and welfare scientists, students and practitioners, as well as anyone working with zoo animals.
Vegetable Grafting
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This book provides comprehensive, current scientific and applied practical knowledge on vegetable grafting, a method gaining considerable interest that is used to protect crops from soil-borne diseases, abiotic stress and to enhance growth/yield. Though the benefits of using grafted transplants are now fully recognized worldwide, understanding the rootstock-scion interactions under variable environmental pressures remains vital for grafting-mediated crop improvement. In this book the authors attend to this need and explain the reasons for, and methods and applications of, grafting.Vegetable Grafting: Principles and Practices covers:· rootstock breeding, signalling, and physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in grafting;· beneficial effects of grafting including reducing disease damage and abiotic stress;· side effects relating to the impact of grafting on fruit quality; and· practical applications and speciality crops.Including high-quality colour images and written by an international team of expert authors, this book provides up-to-date scientific data and is also concerned with translating science to the field. It is an essential resource for researchers, advanced technicians, practitioners and extension workers.
Ganoderma Diseases of Perennial Crops
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Diseases caused by Ganoderma species cause major losses of palms and other perennial crops throughout the world, and these are particularly significant in Asia. Successive replanting of crop monocultures can be rapidly exploited by soil borne fungi such as Ganoderma, and the problem will become more serious in the 21st century, as more areas become due for second or even third replanting. Environmental considerations will reduce exploitation of new forest areas, making further replanting of these crops inevitable. Thus, appropriate, integrated management systems for these diseases are vital. However, the development of such control measures has been hampered in the past by a limited knowledge of the nature and inter-relationships of populations of different hosts and the mechanisms of disease establishment and spread.This book aims to address these limitations through enhanced knowledge of the biology and taxonomy of Ganoderma species. The use of molecular and biochemical methods can be used to provide a greater understanding of the spread of the pathogen, and consequently, the improved management of disease.
Animal Welfare and Meat Production
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Animal welfare issues are becoming increasingly prominent in animal production, for both economic and moral reasons. This book presents a clear understanding of the relationship between the welfare of major food animal species and their physiology, and the direct impact this has on meat quality. This new edition focuses on recent research and developments and also looks into welfare in aquaculture.
Plant Mutation Breeding and Biotechnology
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This comprehensive book covers the underlying scientific principles, state-of-the-art technologies and methodologies of plant mutagenesis. It covers historical development and commonly used terminologies, chemical and physical mutagenesis, mutation induction, mutation breeding and mutations in functional genomics research. Suitable both as a manual for professionals and a resource for students in plant breeding and research, the book includes exemplary cases of practical applications and an appendix of recommended doses of gamma and fast neutron irradiation for almost 200 plant species.
Temperate and Subtropical Fruit Production
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Effective fruit production requires general knowledge of fruit husbandry such as nutrition, propagation, pruning and training, effects of climate and crop protection as well as specific cultivation techniques for each fruit. Fully revised and expanded to include organic fruit production, this new edition provides a thorough introduction to the cultivation of fruit found throughout the temperate and subtropical regions of the world.
Invasive Alien Plants
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Invasive alien plants pose a major threat to agriculture, the natural environment and livelihoods worldwide and create challenges for development. This is especially the case for those who live and work in rural areas. This book, for the first time, brings together a wide range of invasive plant specialists from the Asia-Pacific region who shares their experience in addressing the problem and delivering solutions. Mikania micrantha is used as case study in the book as it exemplifies many of the issues that need to be addressed. This neotropical vine is a major weed across the tropical humid zones of the region, where it smothers agroforestry, home gardens, natural forests and plantation production systems. The book emphasises the social and economic implications of plant invasion, and discusses direct impacts on livelihoods and biodiversity. It explains how various approaches to management including traditional ecological knowledge and classical biological control can be keys to the delivery of sustainable solutions, focusing on experiences in India, Nepal, Papua New Guinea and China. The use of policy frameworks in biological control and other management measures are also described. Key features:· Empircal work from a wide range of geographical areas· Examines the wide scale multi-sector impacts of individual invasive species· Considers the practicalities of policy development and implementation· Shows how management solutions to invasive species are achievable This book will be of value to management practitioners, researchers, studentsand officials in policy, quarantine, and agriculture departments who wish to understand the importance of alien plant invasions in their countries.
Strawberries
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This new and updated edition of a popular text provides a broad, balanced review of the scientific knowledge of strawberries and their cultivation. The worldwide strawberry industry has grown substantially since the original book was published, and methods of culture have undergone extensive modifications. This volume incorporates important changes to the taxonomy of strawberries and new understanding of how its ancestors evolved. It includes coverage of new disease and pest control methods and recent developments in genomic information. These advancements have greatly improved our understanding of how flowering and fruiting is regulated, and will revolutionize the breeding of strawberries.Drawing on extensive research and practical experience, the author presents an essential text that:Includes new content on genomic data, trait genetics, and marker-assisted strategies for varietal improvement.Provides a thorough review of the evolution of the strawberry and the history of strawberry cultivation.Contains an up-to-date comparison of the cultural systems employed across the world and the physiology behind these practices.Presented in full-colour throughout, this is a core guide for academic and professional researchers, breeders and growers, advisors, extension personnel and students of horticulture.
Quantifying Diets of Wildlife and Fish
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Quantifying Diets of Wildlife and Fish presents different techniques available to study animal diets. Ecologists determine animal diets to build natural history knowledge, test hypotheses in ecological theory and make informed management decisions for important ecosystems. Many researchers use techniques traditionally applied to the animals they study, rather than choose from the techniques with greatest potential for their study. In an effort to encourage researchers to consider new approaches, this book focuses on the techniques, rather than on particular groups of organisms or specific environments. With contributions from leading ecologists, chapters explore experimental design, observational techniques (including new technologies), stomach contents and faecal analysis, eDNA, tracers and stable isotopes. They also cover the latest multivariate methods of analyses suitable for describing animal diets and feeding relationships, as well as testing hypotheses relevant to ecological theory, environmental management and biological conservation. The expert knowledge provided will encourage readers to look beyond the boundaries of their specialties, assist in testing important hypotheses and provide insights into management problems. The examples in this book cover a range of vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as different environments, to open these methods up for novice ecologists and stimulate lateral thinking in more experienced researchers.
Dragon Fruit
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Dragon fruit (pitaya) is a perennial climbing cactus, native to the tropical areas of North, Central and South America. It is suited to tropical and subtropical regions and is commercially grown in an increasing number of countries, including Israel, Australia and the USA. Dragon fruit generates considerable consumer interest because of its exotic appearance and potential health benefits. The fruit is rich in nutrients and phytochemical compounds. It can be eaten fresh or used in the preparation of juices, jellies, jams, etc. The natural bioactive compounds in pitaya have the potential to be exploited in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Increasingly cultivated worldwide, the plant is drought-resistant, easily adapts to light intensity and high temperatures, and has a tolerance to a wide range of soil salinities. With ongoing global warming, dragon fruit has great potential as a new crop for many more countries. This book is a compilation of the current state of knowledge on dragon fruit physiology, cultivation, production technology, postharvest management and processing, and is written by leading international authors.
Seed Biology
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This book discusses the biology of seeds.
Tropical Tuber Starches
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This book provides comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge relating to the morphological, structural, and functional characteristics of tuber starches, particularly in relation to their applications in food and industry. In recent years there has been significant progress and extensive research conducted on tropical root starches and especially on some of the lesser known tuber crop starches. There has also been a shift towards using biomaterials in place of synthetic materials in various applications. As researchers investigate the availability of natural products with similar properties, starch has been identified as a reliable alternative to these synthetic materials.Reflecting the growing body of research, Tropical Tuber Starches:- Explores the structure, properties and applications of tropical root and tuber starches (cassava, sweet potato, aroids, yams and other minor tuber crops)- Includes a chapter on the methodology for starch characterisation- Covers patents on starch-based products and the commercial potential of tropical root starchesA valuable resource for researchers and students, plant breeders, and commercial producers working with, or considering working with, tropical tuber starches.
Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production
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This book focuses on the previously neglected interface between the conservation of plant genetic resources and their utilization. Only through utilization can the potential value of conserved genetic resources be realised. However, as this book shows, much conserved germplasm has to be subjected to long-term pre-breeding and genetic enhancement before it can be used in plant breeding programmes.The authors explore the rationale and approaches for such pre-breeding efforts as the basis for broadening the genetic bases of crop production. Examples from a range of major food crops are presented and issues analysed by leading authorities from around the world.
Experimental Statistics for Agriculture and Horticulture
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Providing practical training supported by a sound theoretical basis, this textbook introduces students to the principles of investigation by experiment and the role of statistics in analysis. It draws on the author’s extensive teaching experience and is illustrated with fully worked contextualized examples throughout, helping the reader to correctly design their own experiments and identify the most appropriate technique for analysis. Subjects covered include sampling and determining sample reliability, hypothesis testing, relationships between variables, the role and use of computer packages such as Genstat, and more complex experimental designs such as randomized blocks and split plots.
Mycotoxins
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Mycotoxins are produced worldwide by several fungi on a wide range of agricultural commodities and are closely related to human and animal food chains. Examining mycotoxins and their impact from a public health viewpoint, this book provides an overview and introduction to the subject and examines the health, trade and legislation issues involved. Management of mycotoxins is discussed in detail as well as the global problems caused by mycotoxins.
Interacting with Animals
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Animal behaviour and, as a result, animal welfare are increasingly complex areas of study, with the diversity of the animal kingdom and new research findings ensuring there is no one, easy answer. Instead, we need to take a holistic approach, combining scientific principles with both philosophical and ethical considerations to develop all-inclusive policies and legislation that decide how society should interact with domestic, farm and native animals. With a focus on domestic animals, while also referring to wild species to reinforce the arguments, this book:· promotes direct observation for those who claim to be interested in animals, their behaviour, and their welfare.· considers the concept of consciousness, how it can be assessed, and how it relates to suffering and animal welfare more widely.· emphasizes the need to understand better how animals behave both with humans and outside of human influence, considering the diversity of behaviour and sensorial capacities across species.· includes author knowledge and expertise across a wide range of animal species, from primates to farm animals, and across animal living situations from intensive to free ranging. We are far from having all the answers, so this book also raises questions that require further research and focus, such as the way animals are likely to act based on their recent and whole-of-life experiences. Still, this review of the topic, an updated translation of the French language work Vivre parmi les animaux, mieux les comprendre, is an invaluable resource for everyone with an interest in animal behaviour and welfare.
Invasive Birds
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Examining globally invasive alien birds, the first part of this book provides an account of 32 global avian invasive species (as listed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group, ISSG). It acts as a one stop reference volume; it assesses current invasive status for each bird species, including details of physical description, diet, introduction and invasion pathways, breeding behaviour, natural habitat. It also looks at the environmental impact of each species, as well as current and future control methods. Full colour photographs assist with species identification and global distribution maps give a visual representation of the current known distributions of these species. The second part of the book discusses the biogeographical aspects of avian invasions, highlighting current and emerging invasive species across different regions of the world. The third section considers the impact of invasive species on native communities, problems associated with invasive bird management and the use of citizen science in the study of invasive birds.
Peppers
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The group of plants known as 'peppers' is diverse, containing types that contribute to the fresh and processed food markets as well as varieties that are used in pharmaceuticals and other non-food commercial products. Peppers originally developed in tropical regions, but are now grown and used in every country where it is possible to grow them, including in areas where production is difficult.This book examines peppers from historical, genetic, physiological and production perspectives, following the development of the cultivated crop from the wild type. Diverse examples of pod types and their variation in pungency are examined. Production methods, including the importance of fertilization and irrigation are discussed, as are constraints on production, including pests, pathogens and weeds. Harvesting methods and post-harvest challenges and opportunities are also explored.
Intellectual Property Rights in Animal Breeding and Genetics
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Intellectual property (IP) and patents involving animals is an ever-changing field. The purpose of this book is to review the role that intellectual property plays in the development of modern animal breeding and genetics. It includes discussion of the history of animal patenting,common forms of intellectual property,economic issues related to patent protection and the funding of research, ethical issues, and the consequences of intellectual property in the modern animal genetics market place.
Ethical Tensions from New Technology
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The introduction of new technologies can be controversial, especially when they create ethical tensions as well as winners and losers among stakeholders and interest groups. While ethical tensions resulting from the genetic modification of crops and plants and their supportive gene technologies have been apparent for decades, persistent challenges remain. This book explores the contemporary nature, type, extent and implications of ethical tensions resulting from agricultural biotechnology specifically and technology generally. There are four main arenas of ethical tensions: public opinion, policy and regulation, technology as solutions to problems, and older versus new technologies. Contributions focus on one or more of these arenas by identifying the ethical tensions technology creates and articulating emerging fault lines and, where possible, viable solutions. Key features include:Focusing on contemporary challenges created by new and emerging technologies, especially agricultural biotechnology.Identifying a unique perspective by considering the problem of ethical tensions created or enhanced by new technologies.Providing an interdisciplinary perspective by including perspectives from sociologists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists.This book will be of interest to academics in agricultural economics, sociology and philosophy and policymakers concerned with introducing new technology into agriculture.
Global Forest Fragmentation
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Forest fragmentation will inevitably continue over the coming years, especially in developing economies. This book provides a cutting edge review of the multi-disciplinary sciences related to studies of global forest fragmentation. It specifically addresses cross-cutting themes from both an ecological and a social sciences perspective. The ultimate goal of Global Forest Fragmentation is to provide a detailed scientific base to support future forest landscape management and planning to meet global environmental and societal needs.
Presenting Science Concisely
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Imagine you are a scientist faced with presenting your research clearly and concisely. Where would you go for help? This book provides the answer. It shows how to use story structure to craft clear, credible presentations. In it you will find exercises to help you give both short and long presentations. Elevator pitches, lightning talks, Three Minute Thesis (3MT®), and conference presentations are all covered as are suggestions for longer presentations. Separate chapters address good poster design, how to tailor your talk to an audience, and presentation skills. Throughout the book the focus is on creating surprising, memorable stories. Scientific presentations are true stories about new discoveries. They are surprising because every new discovery changes our understanding of the world, and memorable because they move audiences. The book also covers:· Randy Olson's And-But-Therefore (ABT) narrative form· Mike Morrison's Better Poster designs· Eye-tracking analyses of posters by EyeQuant· Numerous case studies and examples from different scientific fields· Links to videos of exemplary presentations With light-hearted illustrations by Jon Wagner this book will appeal to researchers and graduate students in all areas of science, and other disciplines too.
Genetics of Salt Tolerance in Plants
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Gene expression in cells follows a prescribed pathway that conforms to the Central Dogma; where the genetic information stored in DNA is transcribed into RNA and then expressed into proteins, which influences most plant traits. Plant salt tolerance research is directed towards identifying nucleotide variants that could contribute to tolerant phenotypes. This book comprehensively presents the current state of knowledge on plant salt tolerance through meticulous analysis of the processes operating across the Central Dogma. It provides a detailed account of modulation of gene expression through genome editing systems to achieve crop improvement against salt stress. It also provides state-of-the-art information on advances in breeding technologies of genome selection and accelerated de novo domestication for rapidly improving the salt tolerance of plants for global food security.This book:1.Provides a comprehensive coverage of plant salt tolerance mechanisms.2.Spotlights various factors functioning along the Central Dogma pathway and their regulation in response to salinity.3.Examines how these factors function to protect the plants from high salinity.4.Highlights advances in cutting-edge breeding technologies for improving salt tolerance.The book will be of particular value to students and researchers of plant genetics, molecular biology and physiology and those with an interest in salinity and salt tolerance.
Genetic and Environmental Manipulation of Horticultural Crops
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Genetics has transformed plant pathology on two occasions: first when Mendelian genetics enabled the discovery that disease resistance was a heritable trait in plants, and secondly when Flor proposed the “gene-for-gene” hypothesis to explain his observations of plant-parasite interactions, based on his work on flax rust in North Dakota starting in the 1930s. Our knowledge of the genetics of disease resistance and host-pathogen coevolution is now entering a new phase as a result of the cloning of the first resistance genes. This book provides a broad review of recent developments in this important and expanding subject. Both agricultural and natural host-pathogen situations are addressed. While most of the book focuses on plant pathology, in the usual sense of the term embracing fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, there is also consideration of parasitic plants and a chapter demonstrating lessons to be learnt from the mammalian immune system. Three overall themes are addressed: genetic analyses and utilization of resistance; population genetics; and cell biology and molecular genetics. Chapters are based on papers presented at the British Society for Plant Pathology Presidential meeting held in December 1995, but all have been revised and updated to mid-1996. Written by leading authorities from North America, Europe and Australia, the book represents an essential update for workers in plant genetics, breeding, biotechnology and pathology.
Review of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents Introduced into Europe
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This book provides an overview of all documented releases of exotic (non-European) invertebrate biological control agents into the environment in Europe and summarizes key information on the target species as well as on the biological control agent released. It covers the period from 1897 to the end of 2009 and is largely based on the BIOCAT database, which contains records of the introduction of insect natural enemies, namely parasitoids and predators, for the control of insect pests worldwide. The content is covered in four sections: Introduction and Summary; European Insect Biocontrol Agents Released in Europe; Weed Control; and Discussion.Providing a representative picture of the history of releases of exotic biological control agents into the environment in Europe, this book is a key resource for researchers and practitioners operating in the areas of biological control and pest management, and those involved in the regulation of the deliberate release of exotic organisms.
Plant Evolution and the Origin of Crop Species
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The genetic variability that developed in plants during their evolution forms the basis of their domestication and breeding into the crops grown today for food, fuel and other industrial uses. This third edition of Plant Evolution and the Origin of Crop Species brings the subject up-to-date, with more emphasis on crop origins. Beginning with a description of the processes of evolution in native and cultivated plants, the book reviews the origins of crop domestication and their subsequent development over time. All major crop species are discussed, including cereals, protein plants, starch crops, fruits and vegetables, from their origins to conservation of their genetic resources for future development.
Interacting with Animals
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Animal behaviour and, as a result, animal welfare are increasingly complex areas of study, with the diversity of the animal kingdom and new research findings ensuring there is no one, easy answer. Instead, we need to take a holistic approach, combining scientific principles with both philosophical and ethical considerations to develop all-inclusive policies and legislation that decide how society should interact with domestic, farm and native animals. With a focus on domestic animals, while also referring to wild species to reinforce the arguments, this book:· promotes direct observation for those who claim to be interested in animals, their behaviour, and their welfare.· considers the concept of consciousness, how it can be assessed, and how it relates to suffering and animal welfare more widely.· emphasizes the need to understand better how animals behave both with humans and outside of human influence, considering the diversity of behaviour and sensorial capacities across species.· includes author knowledge and expertise across a wide range of animal species, from primates to farm animals, and across animal living situations from intensive to free ranging. We are far from having all the answers, so this book also raises questions that require further research and focus, such as the way animals are likely to act based on their recent and whole-of-life experiences. Still, this review of the topic, an updated translation of the French language work Vivre parmi les animaux, mieux les comprendre, is an invaluable resource for everyone with an interest in animal behaviour and welfare.
Parasitic Nematodes
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Parasitic Nematodes are amongst the most successful parasites on Earth. This fully-updated second edition constitutes a comprehensive volume that continues to discuss the molecular biology, biochemistry and immunology of nematode parasites of humans, domestic animals and plants. There is a strong focus on new advances including chapters on horizontal gene transfer, genetics of susceptibility in humans, nematode protein structures, role of bacterial symbionts, host immune system modulation, modulation of allergic and autoimmune diseases by parasitic nematodes and the use of these organisms or their products as therapeutics. This book will be of significant importance to advanced students and researchers in human and veterinary parasitology, plant nematology and pathogen immunology in general.
Applied Plant Science Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis Using SAS® OnDemand for Academics
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The correct design, analysis and interpretation of plant science experiments is imperative for continued improvements in agricultural production worldwide. The enormous number of design and analysis options available for correctly implementing, analysing and interpreting research can be overwhelming. SAS® is the most widely used statistical software in the world and SAS® OnDemand for Academics is now freely available for academic institutions.This is a user-friendly guide to statistics using SAS® OnDemand for Academics, ideal for facilitating the design and analysis of plant science experiments. It presents the most frequently used statistical methods in an easy-to-follow and non-intimidating fashion, and teaches the appropriate use of SAS® within the context of plant science research. This book:- Covers experimental designs and data analysis protocols- Is presented as a how-to guide with many examples- Includes freely downloadable data sets- Examines key topics such as merging data frames, multivariate analysis and linear regressionAuthored by an experienced teacher of applied plant science statistics, this book assumes no prior background in statistics and guides users through the appropriate methodologies in research. It is an invaluable tool for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, in addition to researchers, extension consultants, faculty and technicians.
Fruit Flies of Economic Significance
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Approximately 250 species of fruit fly have been found in assocaition with commercially produced fruits and vegeatbles, with the market increasing worldwide for these sorts of comestibles, demand is growing for knowledge on these pests.Fruit Flies of Economic Significance is a comprehensive identification to fruit fly pests across all regions, this work represents biosystematic information on fruit flies of the world that are of economic importance.This 1994 re-print of the popular 1992 book includes an addendum.
Nematodes as Environmental Indicators
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Nematodes are the most widespread multicellular animals in nature and analysis of nematodes in terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments, as well as their role and function in ecosystems, can be used for environmental monitoring. Compared to other organisms, they offer the greatest potential as bioindicators and can be used to study gene expression in relation to environmental challenges, to monitor changing impacts on the environment and in laboratory ecotoxicity tests.This volume will address classical and molecular approaches to nematode community analysis, the contemporary field of nematodes as biosensors, as well as geonomic and post geonomic aspects of nematode bioindicators. In addition, case studies will stress the importance of these bioindicators and demonstrate the commercial potential of these technologies. Providing a timely review of research into nematodes and environmental monitoring, this book will be essential reading for researchers in nematology and environmental science.
This handbook covers the British species of the subfamily Mycetophilinae of the family Mycetophilidae, commonly known as the fungus gnats. Most fungus gnats are found in forests and other wooded habitats, as might be expected since the larval development of many species is dependent on saproxylic or mycorrhizal fungi. Fungus gnats may be found throughout the year, their relative abundance affected by prevailing weather conditions and the consequent effect on the availability of fungus hosts.
GM Agriculture and Food Security
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Efforts to improve food security in the developing world have been hampered due to myths surrounding GM agriculture. This book explores the theory, evidence and rhetoric of the impact of food production on the environment, and the impact of the environment on food production. The chapters address: food security and technology; expertise and opportunism; the promise of technology; the politicization of risk; industrial agriculture; the meaning of 'natural'; the potential of the local food movement; food labelling; genetic diversity in the agro-industrial era; sustainability and chemical application; plant vitality; and future prospects for food security. Each chapter includes a personal introduction from the authors about the issues at hand, followed by a detailed analysis with further references. The book considers the origins of concerns and then examines the evidence around the issues, and the impacts in terms of policy, regulation and agricultural practice. It also:- Refutes common consumer and environmental organization myths about biotechnology. - Highlights the importance of food security in both the developing and developed world.- Provides a pro-science approach to increasing food security.This book will be of interest to students and researchers in biotechnology, food security and public understanding of science, and also to policy makers, regulators and industry managers.
Genetically Modified Organisms
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For a number of years the promise of biotechnology has been dimmed by concerns over the intrinsic safety of transgenic organisms. Although considerable knowledge of the properties of recombinant systems and a vast volume of data gathered from different applications of biotechnology are now available, these concerns are still evident. In the developing world, there are also fears that such countries might be used as testing grounds for recombinant products. Considerations of this nature have often overshadowed the benefits these countries might derive from the application of genetic engineering. In response to these concerns, UNIDO, together with the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Health Organization, formed in 1985 the Informal Working Group on Biosafety. In 1991 the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations also joined the Group. The present volume was commissioned by the Group and is intended to help scientists and regulators to conceptualize the major issues underlying biological safety as well as to understand how these affect policies to regulate biotechnology.
Agricultural Seed Production
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$165.05
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A practical coverage of the principles of producing seeds for the main agricultural crops, this book emphasises producing optimal quality seed, and applies to small and large scale farms worldwide. Cereals such as wheats, rice, barley, rye and maize are covered along with pulses, legumes, oil seed rape and soybean. Coverage includes principles of production such as pollination, agronomy issues such as site selection and cultivar purity, seed processing, drying and storage. A focus on global food security is maintained throughout.
