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Instant insights: sustainable tropical forest management
This book offers a unique insight into the recent research completed on achieving sustainable management of tropical forests. Chapters review the factors which determine tropical forests, the process of forest landscape restoration, as well as the interactions between forest ecosystems and the cl...
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Improving farm machinery operation and maintenance to optimise fuel use efficiency
This chapter discusses energy use and emissions from direct fossil fuel combustion on farms to power farm machinery. It first reviews techniques for optimising tractor fuel consumption as well as developments in fuel-efficient tractor designs. The chapter also discusses energy savings and other b...
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Advances in innovative postharvest egg pasteurization and disinfection technologies to optimize egg safety and quality
Eggs and egg products are staple foods worldwide. The main pathogens associated with egg and egg products are Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter spp., Escherichia spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Composition of the egg products influence the inactivation or survival of microorgan...
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Biological weed control in temperate grasslands
This chapter provides a critical review of international research on biological weed control as it applies to weeds of temperate grasslands. The chapter outlines the ways in which ‘classical’ biocontrol agents, due to their natural ability to spread and find their host plant, are appropriate for ...
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Developing improved varieties of common bean
The genetic improvement of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) has been a century old endeavor at institutions in North America and Mexico. This chapter describes Improvement programs focussing on a wide range of biotic and abiotic production constraints, traits for local adaptation, and consumer qu...
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Factors influencing the efficiency of rumen energy metabolism
The rumen microbial community transforms feed into nutrients that the ruminant host animal absorbs and utilises for maintenance, growth and fattening, reproduction and lactation. Volatile fatty acids produced by microbial fermentation in the rumen are the main source of energy, glucose and fat fo...
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Modelling climate change impacts on agricultural commodity markets
This chapter provides some insights on how climate change can affect agricultural commodity markets in the medium to long term. It includes some methodological aspects on how different quantitative tools, ranging from earth system models to farm-level production decisions, can be combined in the ...
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Instant insights: improving the welfare of gilts and sows
This collection reviews the range of welfare concerns that can arise in the different stages of pig production, focussing on pregnancy and parturition, breeding and gestation, and farrowing and lactation. Chapters consider best practices for mitigating welfare challenges and highlights the import...
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Cover crops in organic crop cultivation
Cover crops (CCs) are close-growing crops providing protection for soil and seeding between periods of normal crop production. They are positioned in rotation between two main or cash crops, and not primarily grown for harvest. Although traditionally CCs have been terminated and incorporated into...
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Organic seed production, certification and availability
Through evolution, plants produce seeds with variation in speed of germination and, for instance, dormancy to spread the risk of germinating in the wrong season. Although domestication and breeding has created crops with more rapid germinating seeds, compared with their wild relatives, for many c...
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Nutritional and bioactive compounds in barley
Whole grain barley has been widely recognized as a valuable source of a number of biologically active compounds with unique health benefits. The great number of bioactive nutrients and their pleiotropic physiological effects make barley an ideal grain, raw material, and ingredient for the develop...
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Integrated disease management in mango cultivation
Mango, Mangifera indica L., is affected by a great number of fruit, foliar, stem and root diseases. This chapter covers diseases that seriously impact the crop. Their significance, geographical distribution and history are outlined, and the symptoms, causal agent(s) and epidemiology of each are...
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Conservation tillage for sustainable wheat intensification: the example of south asia
Conservation tillage (CT) is one among the prominent agronomic innovations proposed to address stagnant wheat yields in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia. A review of recent literature and an analysis of farm household datasets indicate that the magnitude of economic impact of CT wheat, albe...
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Modelling the environmental impacts of agriculture, focusing on oil palm
Cultivation of crops affects the environment via flows of energy and materials. Impacts are felt in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, surrounding terrestrial ecosystems and the field itself. Models are useful tools for improving our understanding of the processes and predicting how they might be affec...
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Cassava cultivation in sub-saharan africa
In sub-Saharan Africa, cassava is cultivated under a wide range of ecological and agronomic conditions. Cassava’s adaptability to relatively marginal soils and erratic rainfall conditions, its high productivity per unit of land and labour, the certainty of obtaining some yield even under the most...
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The use of plant bio-active compounds and other alternative therapeutic strategies in organic dairy farming
Under organic legislation farmers are encouraged to use natural methods to keep animals healthy. In addition to appropriate breed, feed, balanced productivity, environmental management and hygiene, this includes the use of homeopathy, phytotherapy and minerals, providing they are effective. Since...
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Advances in understanding and exploiting the role of soil microbiomes in protecting crops against pathogens and pests
The soil microbiome has the potential to protect crop plants from biotic stress caused by pests and pathogens. Studies have, for example, shown the role of root exudates in recruiting and enriching beneficial bacteria to protect against pathogens and pests, paving the way for developing strategie...
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Advances in understanding poultry feed intake regulation
Poultry production is facing substantial challenges. Among these are the necessity to feed the future in the face of increased human population, and the need to adapt to (global warming and scarce natural resources. As feed costs continue to rise due to severe drought conditions and the diversion...
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Recent progress in understanding three major bacterial diseases of sugarcane: gumming, leaf scald and ratoon stunting
This chapter describes recent insights provided by genomic and microscopy analyses of three bacterial pathogens of sugar cane, ‘Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum’, X. albilineans and Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, the causal agents of gumming, leaf scald and ratoon stunting, respectively. The chap...
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Management of rice insect pests
Rice farmers face many abiotic and biotic constraints in their quest to increase rice production. In conjunction with the introduction of new high yielding drought and flood tolerant rice varieties, increasing yields will require a reduction in losses to insect pests. This chapter discusses curre...
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Integrated pest management of mites
Plant feeding mites are major pests of agricultural crops and ornamentals. They disrupt physiological processes, change the physical appearance of the plant, and transmit diseases to crops. This chapter takes a holistic approach to integrated mite management by reviewing the basics of mite taxono...
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Investment needs and role of the private sector in reducing food loss and waste
Food Loss and Waste (FLW) represents a paramount challenge due to impacts on the economy of food systems, and to the environment and food security. Halving FLW by 2030 has also become Target 12.3 of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation of i...
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Research trends in oil palm cultivation
Since its establishment as a commercial crop in Malaysia in 1917, palm oil has become the most important vegetable oil traded in the world. Its standing in the world market is attributed to the oil’s versatile applications, stable supply and affordability. With the estimated global world populati...
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Diseases affecting wheat: septoria nodorum blotch
Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) is an important disease affecting wheat in many of its production areas around the world, and is caused by the ascomycete fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum. Breeding for SNB resistance has been hampered by the polygenic and quantitative nature of the resistanc...
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Instant insights: nutritional and health benefits of beverage crops
This collection provides a considered exploration of the nutritional and health benefits of key beverage crops, focussing primarily on tea and coffee. Chapters explore their potential in preventing the onset of chronic diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, as well as the analytical techniques av...
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Probiotics, prebiotics and other feed additives to improve gut function and immunity in poultry
Poultry producers have been cautious in the application of probiotics, due to mixed experiences of their effectiveness and lack of knowledge regarding the scientific basis for their modes of action. Prebiotics have been more readily accepted because they can be added without any significant chang...
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Instant insights: managing arthropod pests in tree fruit
This collection reviews the available methods for managing arthropod pests affecting global tree fruit production. Chapters consider the use of integrated pest management programmes as a more sustainable control method in the face of increasing pesticide regulatory restrictions and concerns surro...
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Monitoring agricultural water use: challenges and solutions for sustainable water management
As the largest sectoral user of water globally, agriculture is both impacted by and a major driver of water scarcity. Monitoring of agricultural water use is essential to identify and design effective strategies for balancing water demands with those of other sectors and the environment amidst fu...
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Insect pest and disease management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems: a case of push–pull practice
This chapter reviews the dissemination, adoption and benefits of the push-pull cropping system in Conservation Agriculture (CA), an innovation that was developed and promoted by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) and partners with a view to addressing some of the bi...
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Improving soil health
This collection summarises current research on the effects of different management strategies on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils. It assesses the viability of these management strategies, including zero tillage and intercropping, as a means for improving crop yield, ecos...
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Management of vegetable conservation agriculture systems
This chapter discusses the principles and practices of no-tillage systems for vegetables (NTV), focusing primarily on tomato, onion and parsley cassava cultivation. It presents research regarding a long-term experiment of NTV for onion with winter crops and the effects on chemical, physical and b...
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Optimizing livestock farming in urban agriculture
This chapter summarizes the importance of urbanization and how this increases the consumption of livestock products (LP). This increased demand, alongside infrastructure challenges making transporting and storing LP challenging, encourages urban livestock, close to the final consumer. While data ...
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Organic sheep and goat farming: opportunities and challenges
Organic goat and sheep farming is a highly diverse type of production throughout Europe and other continents. Current practices are geared to achieve a number of objectives, including sustainability and high standards of animal welfare. This chapter aims to characterize organic goat and sheep far...
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The impact of climate change on forest systems in the northern united states: projections and implications for forest management
The northern United States is both the most heavily forested and the most densely populated quadrant of the nation. Forests in the region cover 69.6 million hectares, or 42 percent of the land area. In this chapter we characterize mid- and long-term projected climate change impacts for trees and ...
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Maintaining the safety of poultry feed products
Natural and artificial contaminants in poultry feed may result in deteriorated feed quality, reduced performance and increased incidence of disease in poultry, ultimately leading to a significant economic loss for producers. Moreover, since poultry are raised to produce meat and eggs for human co...
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Advances in understanding pig nutritional requirements
Linking advances in our understanding to sustainable production of pig meat requires a more lateral perspective centred on the primary drivers of sustainability. This chapter considers advances in nutritional requirements and metabolism and how these contribute to sustainable production of pig me...
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Mechanisms of soil erosion/degradation
Soil degradation threatens soil health in terms of soils functioning as complex living biological systems, delivering multiple ecosystem goods and services. For example, soil erosion removes the most fertile topsoil, reducing soil depth and soil health, which leads to poor crop growth. This impac...
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Improving grassland and pasture management in temperate agriculture
In many countries there has been a shift to intensive grassland livestock systems with higher environmental impact. There is also greater understanding of the wider role of grasslands in delivering ecosystem services. This collection reviews current research into the more sustainable use of agric...
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Precision crop protection systems
The spatial distribution of plant pests within crops is often heterogeneous, at least during some growth periods. Within-field heterogeneity implies that plants at some sites may need pest control while plants at other sites do not. Automated detection, identification and quantification of diseas...
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Integrating livestock production into whole-farm system models of mixed crop–livestock systems
Crop-livestock farming systems integrate various biophysical components with farm decision-making. Whole-farm system models help to understand the complexity arising from this integration and are useful tools to explore effects of interventions and to design improved systems. After describing the...
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Improving water use in tropical rain-fed systems: the situation in india
The quantity of available water and land has not increased since 1950, but the availability of water and land per capita has declined significantly due to an increased global human population. Global food security for this growing population requires careful management of water resources. In this...
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Biofortification of grain legumes
Micronutrient malnutrition (MNM) is one of the world’s major health threats. Fe and Zn deficiencies affect more than a third of the world’s population, most severely women and children. Biofortified legume crops are being developed with higher levels of bioavailable Fe and Zn to alleviate MNM and...
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Improving wheat production in the central and west asia and north africa (cwana) region
Wheat is the principal staple food in most countries of the Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) region, accounting for 45% of the region’s per capita calorie intake with an average wheat consumption of about 200 kg/capita/year. Wheat production in the region has increased both horizont...
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Understanding the behaviour and improving the welfare of pigs
This collection reviews the genetic and developmental factors that affect pig behaviour and assesses ways of optimising pig welfare at different stages of production, from breeding to slaughter.
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Solar energy conversion, oxygen evolution and carbon assimilation in cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae
This chapter focuses on the solar energy conversion in light harvesting and light-driven electron transport for production of reducing power for CO2 fixation in prokaryotic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae.
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Advances and future directions in poultry feeding: an overview
The poultry industry has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years. This chapter provides a discussion of the advances and future directions in the poultry feeding. Advancements include defining nutrient requirements, composition and ingredient quality, better feed formulation and the adv...
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Understanding and controlling salmonella in poultry meat: the role of microbial ecology
In this chapter, understanding and controlling Salmonella in poultry meat is explored. The authors suggest that studies in model systems based on bacteriophage and vaccines could in turn, more generally serve as an invaluable guide for efforts to limit Salmonella and the emergence of resistance i...
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Crop physiological responses to irrigation and regulatory mechanisms
Irrigated croplands are especially productive but increasing costs of irrigation infrastructure, and political pressures on abstraction, requires enhanced irrigation efficiency. Farmers may be risk-averse to growing with less irrigation, requiring that the irrigation science community develop tec...
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The development of crop root architecture and optimization of nutrition acquisition: the case of rice
Plant root system architecture (RSA), the spatial configuration of a root system in the soil, is critical for water and nutrient acquisition. Rice generates a root system consisting of seminal, lateral, and crown/adventitious roots, whose growth and development are regulated by plant hormones and...
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Advances and constraints in conventional breeding of pigs
Traditional methods of genetic improvement, both through selection programmes and proper use of breed differences and heterosis, have been effective in improving production efficiency. This improvement has been realized primarily in reproductive performance, growth rate and carcass composition. T...
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Instant insights: infertility and other reproductive disorders in dairy cattle
This collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on infertility and other reproductive disorders in dairy cattle.
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Achieving sustainable production of poultry meat volume 2
There have been significant advances in poultry breeding and nutrition. This books discusses key developments such as marker-assisted breeding and improvements in poultry feed such as the use of enzymes to optimise nutritional efficiency.
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Critical issues in plant health: 50 years of research in african agriculture
This collection summarises 50 years of research on plant health by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) to improve the health of crops in Africa. It will be a standard reference on improving the management of pests and diseases in developing countries.
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Poultry meat quality: an overview
Meat quality is a complex issue, with different requirements from consumers and processors. Consumption quality is based on an assessment of subjective sensory qualities, nutritive value and assurance that animal welfare issues have been respected. In contrast, processing quality is mainly based ...
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Bioherbicides: an overview
Weed control is one of the greatest concerns in agriculture and land management. Chemical control methods are widespread, but there are many invasive species for which these are not economically feasible. In addition, there are social, economic and political drivers that work towards reducing the...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of maize volume 1
This volume focuses on breeding new varieties with desirable traits such as drought tolerance and improved nutritional value as well as how such innovations can be successfully deployed in the developing world.
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Classifying the genetic diversity of sorghum: a revised classification of sorghum
This chapter provides a revised classification of sorghum. It sets out a generalized classification of cultivated sorghum from which a more precise working group can be defined to explain the variation within the chosen race. The classification is presented in a format that would be useful in bre...
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Gcp21: a global cassava partnership for the 21st century
Since 1998, cassava has outperformed all the world’s major crops in relative production increase. It is also recognized as being resilient to climate change. Its global average yield, however, is only 13 Mt/ha, compared to a potential of at least 65 Mt/ha, partly due to the impact of pests and di...
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The economics of nitrogen in farming systems and beyond
Nitrogen fertilizer is a key factor determining the physical and economic productivity of agriculture. Decisions about nitrogen involve various economic considerations, at the farm, regional or national level. Beyond the farm level, the economics of nitrogen are important in designing policies to...
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Challenges and initiatives in reducing food loss and waste in europe
This chapter has 3 parts: the first introduces the topic from a regional and global perspective; the second is focused on data availability and quality; and the third discusses on enabling factors for policy development and provides resources for further information.
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Advances in understanding flowering, pollination and fruit development in mangoes
The number of flowers produced by a mango plant is determined a year before production via induction, initiation and floral differentiation processes. The number of fruits will depend the success of the pollination, fecundation and fruit set processes. This chapter addresses flowering, pollinatio...
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Structure and chemistry of sorghum grain
Sorghum is grown around the world under diverse environmental conditions. Combined with the high degree of genetic diversity present in sorghum, this can result in substantial variability in grain composition and grain quality. While similar to other cereal grains such as maize and millets in som...
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Integrated crop management for cassava cultivation in asia
The demand for cassava in Asia is expected to grow in the years to come, largely because of an increasing demand for animal feed, biofuels and multiple uses of starch. Increasing the quantity and quality of cassava products in response to growing demand requires careful and sustainable increases ...
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Controlled traffic farming in precision agriculture
In the past few decades, there has been a continuous drive towards the development and adoption of larger, and more powerful, agricultural machinery. Larger machinery is often related with timeliness, higher work rates and lower labour requirements, which has led to significant improvements both ...
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Women smallholder farmers growing beverage crops
Coffee and tea are two of the most ubiquitous beverage crops that are grown globally, and together they represent a significant share of the beverage industry overall. Even with the rise of packaged sodas, tea remains the second most popular beverage in the world, just below water. Coffee, though...
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The regulation of genome-edited crops
To explore the regulation of genome edited crops, this chapter describes the regulatory systems adopted by different countries as well as how the Cartagena Biosafety Protocol might apply. It finds there is a continuum of oversight, with some countries applying their GMO biosafety laws to all geno...
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Advances in understanding crop use of phosphorus
This chapter examines the essential role of phosphorus (P) in plants and how plants have evolved to maintain the supply of P to these essential functions. The chapter discusses the concept of P-replete plants and what this means regarding both their physiological and genomic state and how this in...
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The role of certification schemes in sustainable forest management (sfm) of tropical forests
Forest certification and its impact has proved to be fertile ground for research and study, both political and technical, and a huge number of research articles, papers and books has accumulated. This chapter seeks to offer an overview and of this research, some of the main conclusions that have ...
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Airborne and satellite remote sensors for precision agriculture
Remote sensing provides an important source of information to characterize soil and crop variability for both within-season and after-season management despite the availability of numerous ground-based soil and crop sensors. Remote sensing applications in precision agriculture have been steadily ...
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Detecting and preventing chemical residues in pig meat
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) new animal drug approval process evaluates veterinary drugs intended for use in food-producing animals for safety and effectiveness. As part of the human food safety evaluation, new animal drugs are evaluated for microbial food safety, toxicology and res...
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The role of probiotics in optimizing gut function in poultry
The spread of antibiotic resistance genes has created public concerns leading to new laws that restrict the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in domestic and meat-producing animals in several countries around the world. In this chapter, the safety and efficacy of individual monocultures for ...
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Towards improving the salt tolerance of soybean
The growth and production of soybean, an important cash crop, are severely restricted by salt stress. Salt-tolerant soybean varieties can contribute to sustainable soybean production. This chapter describes different approaches to developing salt tolerance in soybean, including a study of germpla...
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Developing drought-resistant cereals
This collection explores the challenge of achieving improved drought tolerance in key cereal crops such as wheat and barley and reviews key research and strategies which address how to overcome this challenge in order to mitigate the effects of climate change on cereal production.
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Trends in the development of herbicide-resistant weeds
Since the mid-1940s, herbicides have been the most cost-effective and efficient method of weed control for agronomic crops. Today, herbicide-resistant weeds, in combination with a decline in industry discovery programmes and a cessation in discovery of new herbicide sites of action, threaten the...
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Life cycle assessments of oil palm products
It is crucial to adapt models and tools that enable the identification of best oil palm cultivation practices in order to contribute to reduce the environmental impacts of agriculture. Oil palm causes impact on the environment both during cultivation and as a result of land use change for new pl...
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Instant insights: organic soil amendments
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the range of organic soil amendments used throughout agriculture to improve soil health, including animal manure, compost and biofertilisers. Chapters also consider the environmental impact of their use and the tools used to optimise their efficiency
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The role of enrichment in optimizing pig behaviour and welfare
Modern pig housing environments provide animals with essential resources, but from an animal’s point of view, they are quite barren and deprive them of the opportunity to make full use of their natural behavioural repertoire and actively work for these resources. The lack of stimulation resulting...
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Use of protein from yellow mealworms in fish feed
Yellow mealworm (T. molitor) is a safe and sustainable alternative protein source for aquafeed, given advantages such as high protein content and better amino acid profile when compared to alternative plant-protein sources. This chapter provides an overview of the current use of T. molitor as alt...
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Challenges in commercialising microbial-based biopesticides for controlling insect pests
Biopesticides, pest control products based on microbes or their bioactive compounds, are a growing segment of the biocontrol market, including those targeting insects. Biopesticides, including those targeting plant diseases and weeds, currently comprise ~10% of the total pesticide market, with bi...
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Viruses affecting potatoes
The impact of viruses on potato production can be devastating in many areas worldwide. Breeding for agronomic and resistance traits, knowledge of virus species and their epidemiology, together with the development of accurate diagnostic methods have been essential for the development of crop mana...
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Advances in breeding techniques for cereal crops
This collection reviews key advances in cereals breeding. It looks at advances in exploiting genetic diversity, the use of doubled haploids and hybrid breeding. The books also reviews developments in phenotyping, the use of genetic markers and techniques such as genomic selection.
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Sensory evaluation of cow’s milk
Despite advances in dairy technology, milk is still a highly perishable product with a limited shelf life. Mistakes in milk handling between cow and consumer can lead to milk quality defects and shorter shelf life. Understanding where such mistakes can occur, how to recognize off-flavors, and how...
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Advances in understanding boron cycling in soils, uptake/use by plants and ways of optimizing boron use efficiency in crop production
This chapter starts with a short overview of the actual knowledge about functions of boron (B) in all living systems. Thereafter, a more detailed insight into the special topics of B chemistry is given. The behaviour of B in soils, the factors leading to low or phytotoxic concentrations of B in s...
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Understanding biological processes in soil
Soil health fundamentally reflects biological processes in the soil ecosystem. The development of soil health frameworks and associated indicators have increasingly prioritized biologically relevant characteristics of soil. Some of these properties, like soil organic carbon, reflect resources ava...
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Instant insights: novel biocontrol agents
This book provides a detailed overview of recent advances in the use of novel biocontrol agents in agriculture as well as the regulatory issues which may arise as a result of their development.
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Biological types of cattle: carcass and meat quality
This chapter describes the domestication of cattle and the origins of many breeds found in the world today. The breeds are grouped into biological types, based on their size, muscularity and propensity to fatten, and the commercial role of each type is discussed. The relationships between biologi...
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Optimizing the health of broiler breeder birds
The main objective in broiler breeder production is to produce fertilized eggs resulting in healthy and robust day-old broiler chicks. Due to the continuing increase in the genetic potential of the offspring and the improved reproduction performance, there is a high need for professional manageme...
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Molecular approaches in cassava breeding
In cassava, as for other major crops, molecular markers can reveal the genetic basis for both qualitative and quantitative phenotypic changes. This chapter examines the genetic diversity of cassava, the process of marker-assisted selection (MAS) and the application of genome sequencing to cassava...
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Host-rumen microbiome interactions and influences on feed conversion efficiency (fce), methane production and other productivity traits
This chapter focuses on the recent discovery regarding the role of the ruminant microbiome on energy harvest, methane emission, and the potential genetic factors determining its microbial composition and selection.
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Ecological perspectives on the coffee leaf rust
This chapter provides an ecological approach to the problem of coffee leaf rust. It first provides a brief overview of the research which has stemmed from a more technocentric approach to understanding and subsequently control CLR. The authors intentionally keep this section brief, but try to hig...
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Integrated pest management in tomato cultivation
Pests and diseases contribute to about 40% of tomato yield loss in the field worldwide. This chapter will focus on how to combat pests and diseases using integrated pest management (IPM). The development of an IPM package for tomato involves the combination of multiple management strategies to ad...
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Advances in understanding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effects on soil nutrient cycling
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi assist with plant acquisition of nutrients, with most studies focussing on the nutrient forms taken up and translocated to the host. Recent studies have focussed on how extraradical fungal hyphae can affect nutrient ransformations, leaching and movement. However,...
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The environmental impact of valorising agricultural by-products
Agricultural by-products, that is primary residue, industrial by-products and animal manure, are an important source of nutrients and carbon for maintaining soil quality and crop production but can also be valorised through treatment pathways such as fermentation, incineration or a combination of...
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Setting and reviewing standards for organic farming
One of the cornerstones of organic farming is the fact that it is governed by clear standards which are legally protected in many parts of the world, but there is concern that the current certification system does not fully safeguard the objectives and principles of the movement and encourage fur...
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Instant insights: pesticide residues in agriculture
This collection features three peer-reviewed literature reviews on pesticide residues in agriculture.
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Genome editing of woody perennial trees
This chapter discusses the challenges facing woody perennial trees, namely the heterozygosity of outcrossing species and limited genomic resources. Gene knockouts (KO) represent the predominant applications of the CRISPR technology in woody perennial crops to date and will be the focus of this ch...
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Pathogens affecting raw milk from cows
The aim of this chapter is to review what is known about pathogens affecting raw milk from cows and dairy products made from raw milk. Milk-borne zoonotic pathogenic microorganisms that can contaminate raw milk from cows or dairy products are described including sources of contamination. The grow...
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Introducing new technologies and market strategies for sorghum producers in developing countries: the sahel case
Sorghum producers are faced with the simultaneous problems of low yields, difficult access to inputs, and are at the bottom of the marketing chain hence the lowest prices received. So a yield increasing strategy needs to confront all of these constraints. This chapter reports on the field researc...
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Improving cultivation of cowpea in west africa
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a legume crop of vital importance to the livelihoods of millions of people in West and Central Africa, providing a nutritious grain and an inexpensive source of protein for both rural poor and urban consumers. This chapter examines what constitutes an opti...
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Organic systems for raising poultry
An organic system for raising poultry aims to provide a sustainable method of rearing poultry in an environment that allows natural behaviour to be expressed, and which eliminates pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals from feed, growing environment and carcass processing. This chapter review...
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