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Volume 27 of Advances in Industrial and Labor Relations (AILR) contains five peer-reviewed papers highlighting key aspects of employment relations across a variety of disciplinary perspectives.

These papers feature historical and legal analyses of work regulation, intra-organizational analysis of employee development and entry-level hiring decisions, prospects for unionization and other forms of collective association in gig economy companies, and analysis of on-line versus in-person mediation of employment disputes involving allegations of discrimination.

As with prior AILR volumes, the papers in Volume 27 display a variety of quantitative and qualitative research methods. These range from primary research methods such as case studies, survey, interviews, and historiography to longitudinal and cross-sectional empirical studies and theory building.

This book presents the emerging technologies of Industry 4.0. It describes the growing trend towards automation and data exchange in the manufacturing industry, with a focus on the internet of things (IoT), the industrial internet of things (IIoT), cyberphysical systems (CPS), smart factories, cloud computing, cognitive computing, and artificial intelligence.

Eggs and egg products are staple foods worldwide. The main pathogens associated with egg and egg products are Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter spp., Escherichia spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Composition of the egg products influence the inactivation or survival of microorganisms in response to food safety interventions. The design of sanitation interventions depends on the likely location of contamination: on the shell, inside the egg, or both. Under any of these contamination scenarios, there is a real need to evaluate food processing technologies that can ensure the microbial safety of the eggs and limit the potential of cross-contamination. These technologies must preserve the quality and functionality of shell eggs and derived egg products, such as egg albumin. This chapter presents some of the innovations in egg processing technologies to enhance safety, preserve quality, and minimize the risk of contamination in the egg industry.

Insect pest monitoring serves to evaluate pest severity over time and space. Special attention is given to acquiring and estimating pest population levels and affiliated variables that may influence trajectory of pest severity within and across crops and other habitat. The chapter reviews approaches and provides case studies of current advances that are in development or have been applied in operational integrated pest management (IPM) systems. We first review incorporating knowledge of expected pest population growth to adjust economic thresholds for use in applying remedial IPM tactics to individual fields. The chapter then turns to principles and advancements in using spatial data, including spatially-referenced pest, crop, and remote sensing data. Spatial data linked to insect pest monitoring may improve strategic use of remedial IPM tactics at the field level and use of preventive IPM tactics at larger scales.

“Internationally-renowned researcher Professor Per Kudsk from Aarhus University in Denmark assembled an excellent panel of European experts to discuss various aspects of IWM, namely weed ecology and intelligent weed control technologies, followed by numerous case studies. The book is timely, informative, and relevant to today’s pressing needs for clear guidelines promoting the adoption of much needed IWM practices around the globe.” (Professor Franck E. Dayan, Outlooks on Pest Management)

Weed management continues to face many challenges, including herbicide resistance, invasive species, climate change and how best to deploy the range of non-chemical control methods available. To tackle these challenges, integrated weed management (IWM) needs to evolve to embrace a more holistic, landscape-based agroecological approach.

Advances in integrated weed management provides an authoritative review of the latest developments in IWM. The book covers new research on understanding weed ecology as a basis for more sustainable control, as well as developments in technology to better target IWM techniques. This collection also offers examples of how advances are being applied in practice for particular crops.

Edited by Professor Per Kudsk, Aarhus University, Denmark, Advances in integrated weed management will be a standard reference for weed scientists, researchers in crop protection, agronomists, farmers, companies supplying/manufacturing pesticides, and government and private sector agencies supporting sustainable agriculture.

“Internationally-renowned researcher Professor Per Kudsk from Aarhus University in Denmark assembled an excellent panel of European experts to discuss various aspects of IWM, namely weed ecology and intelligent weed control technologies, followed by numerous case studies. The book is timely, informative, and relevant to today’s pressing needs for clear guidelines promoting the adoption of much needed IWM practices around the globe.” (Professor Franck E. Dayan, Outlooks on Pest Management)

Weed management continues to face many challenges, including herbicide resistance, invasive species, climate change and how best to deploy the range of non-chemical control methods available. To tackle these challenges, integrated weed management (IWM) needs to evolve to embrace a more holistic, landscape-based agroecological approach.

Advances in integrated weed management provides an authoritative review of the latest developments in IWM. The book covers new research on understanding weed ecology as a basis for more sustainable control, as well as developments in technology to better target IWM techniques. This collection also offers examples of how advances are being applied in practice for particular crops.

Edited by Professor Per Kudsk, Aarhus University, Denmark, Advances in integrated weed management will be a standard reference for weed scientists, researchers in crop protection, agronomists, farmers, companies supplying/manufacturing pesticides, and government and private sector agencies supporting sustainable agriculture.

“Internationally-renowned researcher Professor Per Kudsk from Aarhus University in Denmark assembled an excellent panel of European experts to discuss various aspects of IWM, namely weed ecology and intelligent weed control technologies, followed by numerous case studies. The book is timely, informative, and relevant to today’s pressing needs for clear guidelines promoting the adoption of much needed IWM practices around the globe.” (Professor Franck E. Dayan, Outlooks on Pest Management)

Weed management continues to face many challenges, including herbicide resistance, invasive species, climate change and how best to deploy the range of non-chemical control methods available. To tackle these challenges, integrated weed management (IWM) needs to evolve to embrace a more holistic, landscape-based agroecological approach.

Advances in integrated weed management provides an authoritative review of the latest developments in IWM. The book covers new research on understanding weed ecology as a basis for more sustainable control, as well as developments in technology to better target IWM techniques. This collection also offers examples of how advances are being applied in practice for particular crops.

Edited by Professor Per Kudsk, Aarhus University, Denmark, Advances in integrated weed management will be a standard reference for weed scientists, researchers in crop protection, agronomists, farmers, companies supplying/manufacturing pesticides, and government and private sector agencies supporting sustainable agriculture.

The impact of climate change on the agricultural sector is causing considerable concern worldwide. Using modelling and simulation to analyse the impact of and ways to mitigate climate change is challenging. However, over the last few decades modelling approaches have evolved to tackle this problem. This chapter presents the various advances of integrating different models that assess the effects of climate change on agriculture. Based on an ‘ideal’ modelling archetype, we discuss different solutions such as: i) a complete and balanced integration of models; ii) coupling sub-models; iii) integrating new knowledge and facilitating inter-operability; iv) integrating behaviours and decision-making to adapt to climate change; v) incorporating inter- and intra-species diversity into models; vi) from white to black box models and vii) ensemble modelling. The chapter includes examples of all these solutions. The last section explains why these modelling solutions may be insufficient and discusses future trends in modelling.

Turfgrass is the single largest irrigated crop in the continental United States, however urban growth potential, potable water scarcity, limited annual precipitation, prolonged droughts, and food crops prioritization sets limits to the availability of water that can be allocated to turfgrass areas. For these reasons, research has been focused extensively on water conservation efforts for turfgrasses in recent years. Aside from the use of warm-season turf species where possible, several potable water conservation strategies have been proposed and investigated in recent years. In this chapter we will focus on: estimating turfgrass water needs, sprinkler irrigation system advances, subsurface drip irrigation, alternatives to potable water, management practices, use of plant growth regulators, and soil surfactants.

What is latent class analysis? If you asked that question thirty or forty years ago you would have gotten a different answer than you would today. Closer to its time of inception, latent class analysis was viewed primarily as a categorical data analysis technique, often framed as a factor analysis model where both the measured variable indicators and underlying latent variables are categorical. Today, however, it rests within much broader mixture and diagnostic modeling framework, integrating measured and latent variables that may be categorical and/or continuous, and where latent classes serve to define the subpopulations for whom many aspects of the focal measured and latent variable model may differ.

For latent class analysis to take these developmental leaps required contributions that were methodological, certainly, as well as didactic. Among the leaders on both fronts was C. Mitchell “Chan” Dayton, at the University of Maryland, whose work in latent class analysis spanning several decades helped the method to expand and reach its current potential. The current volume in the Center for Integrated Latent Variable Research (CILVR) series reflects the diversity that is latent class analysis today, celebrating work related to, made possible by, and inspired by Chan’s noted contributions, and signaling the even more exciting future yet to come.

What is latent class analysis? If you asked that question thirty or forty years ago you would have gotten a different answer than you would today. Closer to its time of inception, latent class analysis was viewed primarily as a categorical data analysis technique, often framed as a factor analysis model where both the measured variable indicators and underlying latent variables are categorical. Today, however, it rests within much broader mixture and diagnostic modeling framework, integrating measured and latent variables that may be categorical and/or continuous, and where latent classes serve to define the subpopulations for whom many aspects of the focal measured and latent variable model may differ.

For latent class analysis to take these developmental leaps required contributions that were methodological, certainly, as well as didactic. Among the leaders on both fronts was C. Mitchell “Chan” Dayton, at the University of Maryland, whose work in latent class analysis spanning several decades helped the method to expand and reach its current potential. The current volume in the Center for Integrated Latent Variable Research (CILVR) series reflects the diversity that is latent class analysis today, celebrating work related to, made possible by, and inspired by Chan’s noted contributions, and signaling the even more exciting future yet to come.

The current volume, Advances in Latent Variable Mixture Models, contains chapters by all of the speakers who participated in the 2006 CILVR conference, providing not just a snapshot of the event, but more importantly chronicling the state of the art in latent variable mixture model research. The volume starts with an overview chapter by the CILVR conference keynote speaker, Bengt Muthén, offering a “lay of the land” for latent variable mixture models before the volume moves to more specific constellations of topics. Part I, Multilevel and Longitudinal Systems, deals with mixtures for data that are hierarchical in nature either due to the data’s sampling structure or to the repetition of measures (of varied types) over time. Part II, Models for Assessment and Diagnosis, addresses scenarios for making judgments about individuals’ state of knowledge or development, and about the instruments used for making such judgments. Finally, Part III, Challenges in Model Evaluation, focuses on some of the methodological issues associated with the selection of models most accurately representing the processes and populations under investigation. It should be stated that this volume is not intended to be a first exposure to latent variable methods. Readers lacking such foundational knowledge are encouraged to consult primary and/or secondary didactic resources in order to get the most from the chapters in this volume. Once armed with the basic understanding of latent variable methods, we believe readers will find this volume incredibly exciting.

The current volume, Advances in Latent Variable Mixture Models, contains chapters by all of the speakers who participated in the 2006 CILVR conference, providing not just a snapshot of the event, but more importantly chronicling the state of the art in latent variable mixture model research. The volume starts with an overview chapter by the CILVR conference keynote speaker, Bengt Muthén, offering a “lay of the land” for latent variable mixture models before the volume moves to more specific constellations of topics. Part I, Multilevel and Longitudinal Systems, deals with mixtures for data that are hierarchical in nature either due to the data’s sampling structure or to the repetition of measures (of varied types) over time. Part II, Models for Assessment and Diagnosis, addresses scenarios for making judgments about individuals’ state of knowledge or development, and about the instruments used for making such judgments. Finally, Part III, Challenges in Model Evaluation, focuses on some of the methodological issues associated with the selection of models most accurately representing the processes and populations under investigation. It should be stated that this volume is not intended to be a first exposure to latent variable methods. Readers lacking such foundational knowledge are encouraged to consult primary and/or secondary didactic resources in order to get the most from the chapters in this volume. Once armed with the basic understanding of latent variable methods, we believe readers will find this volume incredibly exciting.

The focus of this book series is to identify and review classroom issues and outcomes associated with behavioral concerns of students with learning and behavioral disabilities.

Internationally prominent scholars address contemporary topics such as grade retention, bullying and harassment, response-to-intervention and universal systems in relation to how students with learning and behavioral disabilities are affected by them. Additionally, the scholars describe and discuss future directions for treatments such as social skills instruction, cognitive-behavioral prevention, social emotional learning programs, and self-monitoring.

As in the previous volume, the predominant theme of Volume 26 of Advances in Librarianship is the advance of technology in libraries. This volume focuses, in eight of its ten papers, on how libraries have been changed by electronic communication of information and knowledge. From the approach of SPARC (the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition) that is creating new scholarship venues electronically, to an in-depth treatment of the limitations of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act for electronic publishing, the volume examines how technology is affecting libraries. Use of technology has resulted in new collaboration and cooperation by libraries and museums in the USA in providing electronic access to the American cultural heritage and technology has allowed a similar approach in Sweden for combining services of all libraries to offer electronic access to their cultural resources. Another technology paper presents a comprehensive examination of steps required to involve Humanities faculty and the Library collaboratively in producing, distributing, and accessing scholarship in machine-readable form. Two more technology papers by authors from the de fact American national library, the Library of Congress (LC), examine issues of importance to libraries in the Digital Age. The first paper from LC looks at the development of MARC 21 in providing electronic access to collections, and how it is being increasingly used internationally. Finally, the second paper describes the newest experiment in reference taking place at LC, the Collaborative Digital Reference Service (CDRS) that brings reference and information services to patrons via the Internet wherever they live. This volume not only covers digital trends but also looks at issues of significance to librarians today in the areas of reference and management in its last three papers. The first reference paper concerns public service and surveys, in an extensive article, how reference departments in libraries have responded to reference queries during the past century and how this process has been improved and refined. The management paper is a comprehensive bibliometric study of management literature showing how research in this area affected library publications and practices. This paper can be of great use to anyone looking for the core articles on managing organizations and libraries. The last paper examines in detail the advantages and disadvantages of proposed 24/7 reference services, which are possible in part due to the electronic revolution but also raise philosophical issues about reference service.

Critically acclaimed since its inception, Advances in Librarianship continues to be the essential reference source for developments in the field of libraries and library science. Articles published in the series have won national prizes, such as the Blackwell North America Scholarship Award for the outstanding 1994 monograph, article, or original paper in the field of acquisitions, collection, development, and related areas of resource development. All areas of public, college, university, primary and secondary schools, and special libraries are given up-to-date, critical analysis by experts engaged in the practice of librarianship, in teaching, and in research.

Critically acclaimed since its inception, Advances in Librarianship continues to be the essential reference source for developments in the field of libraries and library science. Articles published in the series have won national prizes, such as the Blackwell North America Scholarship Award for the outstanding 1994 monograph, article, or original paper in the field of acquisitions, collection, development, and related areas of resource development. All areas of public, college, university, primary and secondary schools, and special libraries are given up-to-date, critical analysis by experts engaged in the practice of librarianship, in teaching, and in research. Throughout all of the chapters of this 25th volume of Advances in Librarianship runs a thread of technology that is now embraced by libraries of every nation and type. It is clear that libraries are sharing technological developments everywhere in the world, from Russia to New Zealand. Not only are rare book librarians using technology but funding agencies are supporting its spread as well.