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Advances in understanding the development and morphology of the poultry breast muscle: impact on meat quality
In recent years, selection programs in meat-type poultry have placed an emphasis on growth rate, muscling, and feed conversion. Although substantial improvements have been made, there have been modification in the morphological structure of the muscle, muscle regeneration mechanisms, and meat qu...
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Tissue engineering using scaffolds in cultured meat product development
This chapter focuses on tissue engineering using scaffolds in cultured meat product development. The chapter first provides an overview of the key scaffold properties as 3D meat cultivation platforms, focusing on aspects such as tissue engineering-related criteria and additional scaffold constrai...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of soybeans volume 1
Soybeans are widely grown for use in food, animal feed and other products such as biodiesel. The first of this two-volume collections reviews advances in understanding of soybean physiology and genetics as well as breeding and more efficient methods of cultivation.
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Weed-plant interactions
Crops or desired plant species co-occur with undesired species, and the co-occurring species thereby come to be classed as weeds. This human-imposed classification is based on the perception that there is an interaction that results in some negative effect of the weed on the crop or desired speci...
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Instant insights: viruses affecting horticultural crops
This book offers a detailed overview of some of the key viruses affecting major horticultural crops, including apples, bananas, tomatoes and plums, as well as best practices for their management and control.
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Beef cattle nutrition and its effects on beef quality
Previous dogmas suggested that body composition and subsequent carcass characteristics of beef cattle are primarily tied to mature body weight and fat thickness. Subsequent research suggests that marbling can occur at different stages of growth when sufficient nutrition is provided and that the r...
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Evaluating and improving rootstocks for apple cultivation
The foundations of a productive and healthy orchard are the rootstocks that provide anchorage, water and nutrients essential to the above-ground portions of the trees. Utilization of composite trees has increased the efficiency of breeding productive apple trees by dividing the selection of scion...
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Advances in shell egg safety regulations and protocols
As one of the most nutritious and affordable animal-sourced foods, shell eggs must be produced in a safe and sustainable manner and their safety maintained throughout the value chain. Government regulations and voluntary sector practices are designed to prevent and monitor the occurrence of biolo...
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Energy-smart poultry farming
This chapter describes how energy is used in poultry production buildings today and discusses the factors that have driven the growth of energy use. It then identifies opportunities toward energy-smart production including existing technologies and management practices that can lead to significan...
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Bacteriophages to control plant diseases
Crop yield loss due to bacterial plant pathogens need to be reduced to increase global food production demand. Currently available disease management strategies involving copper-based bactericides and antibiotics are losing efficacy due to development of resistance in bacteria. There is long fami...
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Using phenotyping techniques to analyse crop functionality and photosynthesis
With climate change the occurrence of extreme weather events will increase, making stress resilience an essential trait for future crop breeding. Whilst we have a good understanding of the effect of single stress factors on photosynthesis, there is a knowledge gap on how combined stresses affect ...
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Crop management practices for grain sorghum: an overview
Sorghum is a versatile crop, produced in more than 100 countries. However, the productivity of sorghum in developing countries is much lower than that in developed countries, due to their non-adoption of improved crop management practices. Improving the production potential of sorghum in developi...
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Variety selection in wheat cultivation
Variation among wheat plants serves as the raw material for varietal development or plant breeding, allowing the selection of plants which are suited to particular environments, management methods or markets. The superiority of an identified line is normally validated through a series of trials, ...
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Agroforestry for fruit trees in europe and mediterranean north africa
Although fruit trees are considered as high value for agroforestry and are the primary driver of agroforestry adoption worldwide, they are still underrepresented in agroforestry systems in temperate regions compared to the tropics. This chapter illustrates the large diversity of fruit tree-based ...
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Bio-effectors to optimize the mineral nutrition of crop plants
The generic term “bio-effector” refers to the wide range of living organisms and natural compounds that can be used as active agents in biological approaches for crop production. They provide components in bio-stimulants and other products that improve the ability of crops to metabolize nutrients...
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Improving integrated pest management in horticulture
This collection reviews current advances in integrated pest management (IPM) for horticultural crops, including the use of biological control mechanisms, technological developments such as proximal sensors, agronomic practices and physical control.
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Microbial bioprotectants and the marketplace
This chapter focuses on microbial bioprotectants and the marketplace. The chapter begins by first discussing the latest figure in terms of microbial bioprotectants global market value. It also highlights the different types and ways these bioprotectants can be used. The chapter also discusses the...
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Advances in understanding vegetable physiology: root systems as the next frontier in improving sustainable vegetable production
Root systems are responsible for the uptake of water and nutrients needed to support crop growth and development, ameliorate the effects of other stressors and increase vegetable production. Roots are crucial for maintaining plant water status and meeting shoot transpirational demands as the leav...
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Consumers and food: understanding and shaping consumer behaviour
This collection reviews the wealth of research in understanding consumer food-purchasing behaviour and what this means for farmers, food manufacturers, retailers and policy makers seeking to produce healthier food in a more sustainable way.
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Using remote and proximal sensor data in precision agriculture applications
This chapter reviews key issues in using sensor data in precision agriculture (PA) and, in particular, their mode of deployment (proximal or remote). It assesses relative strengths and weaknesses of proximal sensing techniques, compared with imaging data typically acquired from remote sensing pla...
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Tools and strategies for optimizing the reproductive performance of sows
Fertility of the swine breeding is high when considering measures for estrus, farrowing and litter sizes. The success in reproduction is a result of an array of factors that involve genetics, health, environment, and reproductive technologies. The population of females in the breeding herd is man...
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The international context: the role of codex alimentarius in setting safety and quality standards for global agri-food supply chains
This chapter reviews the origins and development of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, established by the United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). It describes the Codex organizational structure and standard setting process. The chapter ...
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Nutrient sources and their application in cassava cultivation
This chapter discusses various sources of nutrients to be applied to prevent soil nutrient depletion, as well as the optimum rates, times and methods of their application. It also describes how computer models can predict site-specific nutrient requirements and balanced fertilizer rates to maximi...
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Diseases affecting grain legumes and their management
Legume plants are peculiarly susceptible to diseases due to their association with Rhizobium bacteria, their large seeds and stress intolerance. Specific and generalist disease species are well documented, but pathogen virulence evolves rapidly making management a continual challenge. This challe...
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The role of beef in human nutrition and health
Beef is an important source of both macronutrients and micronutrients. Nevertheless, concerns have been raised regarding the effects of eating red and processed meat on human health. In this chapter, we review the nutrients available in beef and then assess the concerns raised about the health im...
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Rainwater and floodwater harvesting for crop irrigation
Rainwater and floodwater harvesting are environmentally-friendly ways to utilize rainwater and surface runoff for irrigation, water storage and groundwater recharge. Water harvesting (WH) can also reduce flooding and soil erosion risk and can diminish impacts of climate change. This chapter discu...
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Best management practices for pollinator protection in us apple production
This chapter describes a set of pollinator best management practices (BMPs) for US apple production. The primary goal is to provide guidance for growers, crop consultants and regulators on pollinator protection in apple orchards. This guidance considers practical production needs. In the long ter...
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Frosty pod rot, caused by moniliophthora roreri
Frosty pod rot (FPR) of cacao (Theobroma cacao) is caused by Moniliophthora roreri. FPR commonly can reduce yields by over 80% and is extremely difficult to manage. This chapter reviews the origins, spread and impact of Moniliophthora roreri. It also discusses methods for managing FPR, from strat...
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Optimising sow and piglet welfare during farrowing and lactation
Optimising welfare in the farrowing and lactation environment involves resolving the concerns regarding continued use of close confinement systems, such as the farrowing crate for the sows and the lack of provision of environmental enrichment to provide for behavioural needs. For piglets the main...
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Improving organic animal farming
This collection addresses recent research on challenges facing organic animal farming such as more targeted breeding, improved grazing and feed rations, better methods of health and disease management as well as ways of enhancing animal welfare.
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Soil health: towards a sustainable world
Soil health is one of the most popular research agendas in current agriculture science. It has been addressed to some extent for centuries, but today we have the scientific tools to examine and quantify chemical, physical and biological aspects of soil. The link of soil health to human and anima...
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Modernizing major and medium irrigation schemes in india: formulating a programme of change
This chapter outlines the establishment of a national multi-year, multidisciplinary programme to modernize major and medium irrigation (and drainage schemes in India) under the Support for Irrigation Modernization Program. The programme is supported by the Asian Development Bank and implemented b...
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Understanding consumer perceptions and attitudes towards nutrition labels and health claims in food
Healthy food choices have an important role to play in one’s personal health and wellbeing and in the prevention of chronic diseases. Nutrition labels and health claims (NLHCs) on packaged foods are important instruments used by food and health policy makers seeking to reduce the consumption of u...
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Narratives on the sustainable development goals (sdgs) and tropical forests
The purpose of this chapter is to explore the relevance of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for tropical forests by identifying and assessing the three main narratives that characterize debate about the SDGs and forests. The chapter introduces each of these narratives, followed by a ...
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Advances in understanding the epidemiology, molecular biology and control of net blotch and the net blotch barley interaction
Net blotches are the most widely distributed foliar diseases of barley worldwide, causing significant losses in grain yield. They occur as net form net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres and spot form net blotch caused by P. teres f. maculata. Both sexual and asexual reproduction play a...
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Advances in understanding the nutritional value of lipids in wheat
Lipids are a small component in the wheat grain composition (2-4%) and roughly, two thirds (66%) of them are contained in the germ, 15% are in the bran and particularly in the aleuronic layer, whereas about 20% are distributed in the endosperm, partly within the starch granules. They include a va...
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How can organic dairy farming address and improve biodiversity and healthy ecosystems?
This chapter explores the degree to which organic farming, and specifically organic dairy systems, has a part to play in biodiversity conservation in the land sparing-land sharing continuum of approaches. The chapter begins with a brief review of evidence for organic farming being nature-friendly...
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Improving application systems for bioprotectants in integrated pest management (ipm) programmes in horticulture
The fundamental principles of good application are the same whether a biopesticide or chemical pesticide is being used. However, there is a view that biopesticides are more sensitive to application. A good application technique should result in the minimum amount of biopesticide being used, which...
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Making integrated pest management (ipm) work in sub-saharan africa
Losses to biotic threats remain among the most important factors affecting crop productivity in the predominantly complex smallholder systems of sub-Saharan Africa. The unavoidable intensification of crop production will further exacerbate pest problems, and pest management needs to respond accor...
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Assessing the impact of climate change on soil erosion by water
This chapter focuses on assessing the impact of climate change on soil erosion by water. It begins by first describing the influence of climate change on event and annual erosivity, then moves on to discuss the influence of climate change on the protective effect of crops. A section on snowmelt e...
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Environmental and genetic effects on coffee seed biochemical composition and quality
Reserve compounds that accumulate in coffee seeds contribute to a large extent– directly or through roasting-induced chemical reactions – to the broad spectrum of aromas and flavours of the coffee cup. Coffee seed reserves are mainly composed of cell wall polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, sucros...
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Economic assessment of integrated pest management (ipm) implementation
Besides reducing health and the ecological risks of pest control, integrated pest management (IPM) seeks to increase farm income. Economic constraints also act as barriers to adoption of IPM practices. An understanding of how IPM affects the farm “bottom line” is crucial to efforts to encourage I...
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Understanding gut function in poultry: the role of commensals, metabolites, inflammation and dysbiosis in intestinal immune function and dysfunction
Study of the importance of the microbiome to health and susceptibility to diseases has become a leading area of research in poultry science in recent years. The microbiota is emerging as a fundamental force influencing diverse aspects of avian physiology. This chapter examines intestinal immunity...
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Advances in conservation agriculture volume 1
By focussing on soil health, Conservation Agriculture (CA) is seen as more sustainable than conventional production. This volume summarises research on key components for successful CA including no-till techniques, soil cover and cropping systems as well as the role of livestock and agroforestry.
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Ethical issues in developing new technologies in agriculture
From the perspective of agricultural ethics, I am investigating potential ethical issues threatening radical innovation in agriculture, and what kind of questions these ethical issues entail for innovators. First, the role of ethics in the development of radical new technologies in general will b...
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Optimising the health of weaned piglets
The weaning period is a very stressful event for the piglet that can impact the health, welfare and performance. This period of transition is characterized by the adaptation of newly weaned piglets to their new environment, diet, changing in their immunological status and pathogens circulation th...
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Progress in understanding fungal diseases affecting sugarcane: rusts
Rust fungi (Uredinales or Pucciniales) are a globally distributed order of obligate parasitic fungi occurring on vascular plants. The typical symptom is a ‘rust-coloured’ (often orange or yellow) pustule on a plant leaf. Economically, rust fungi cause enormous crop losses, including in sugarcane....
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Improving herd health management and disease prevention in organic dairy cattle farming
This chapter focuses on supporting animal health and welfare at herd level and giving more emphasis to preventative animal health and welfare planning (AHWP) with less reliance on antibiotics. It outlines some of the major challenges currently facing improvements to dairy cow health and welfare a...
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The multidimensional socio-economic impacts of food losses and waste
Food losses and waste (FLW) occur at different levels of the food supply chains and have significant social, micro and macroeconomic impacts. Current knowledge, from food supply chain level cost-benefit analyses up to scenario analyses with general equilibrium models, indicates that FLW have majo...
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The role of pasture in the diet of ruminant livestock
Grazed pasture is the single most important forage feed for ruminants due to its low unit cost and widespread global availability. However, there is a growing use of arable crops in ruminant rations, which may exceed that used by humans by 2050. This chapter describes the ways in which grazed pa...
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Egg washing to ensure product safety
The structure of eggs poses specific problems for washing, especially in large commercial operations. However, washing is a valuable process, both to make eggs look clean and to reduce the bacterial load on the shell. This chapter reviews those properties of eggs that are relevant to the washing ...
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Genomic prediction in crops: advantages and drawbacks
Genomic Selection evolved as a promising new method to support decision making for plant breeders. This chapter provides a short introduction to genomic prediction and its usefulness as a selection tool. In addition, the chapter highlights some of the most important factors to be considered when ...
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Using data to assess the impact of agriculture on pollinators and pollinator services
Nature and agriculture are dependent on pollinators and the ecosystem services they provide. Using land for the production of food, feed and energy inevitably has an impact on other organisms. Without good data about production methods as well as abundance, diversity and health status of pollinat...
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Developing forestry products: timber
Timber products can include a wide array of socially valued goods originating from diverse tree species, forest types, and ecosystems. Over the past few decades, forest product market development and timber quality have been characterized by several important factors, many of them international i...
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Assessing socio-economic impacts of agriculture
Economic assessments remain the dominating form of socio-economic assessment in agriculture; yet practical implementation often suffers from severe limitations. However, much of the early criticism has slowly been adopted and integrated in the form of significant improvements in the consistency a...
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) contaminants in agricultural soils: occurrence and remediation
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution poses potential risks to human health, soil, and microbial biodiversity, presenting challenges for sustainable development. PAH pollution is mostly attributed to anthropogenic sources, such as domestic and industrial runoff or emissions, influenced ...
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Agronomic factors affecting phytochemical compounds in fruits and vegetables
Fruits and vegetables significantly benefit human health as they contain a large number of phytochemical compounds. Several strategies can be applied to effectively improve these health-promoting compounds by manipulating various agronomic factors. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive und...
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Use of protein from black soldier flies in fish feed
The global population is increasing rapidly, and with it comes a growing demand for food, particularly protein sources. The aquaculture industry, which provides fish for human consumption, is expanding to meet this demand. The aquaculture expansion is not without impacts and constrains. Among the...
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Advances in understanding the role of rice in nutrition
Malnutrition includes both under- and over-nutrition. The development of rice varieties to improve dietary quality can play a role in addressing both forms of malnutrition. This chapter begins by considering under-nutrition, with an emphasis on the problem of micronutrient deficiency. It reviews ...
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Genetic diversity in dairy cattle: variation within and between breeds
This chapter focuses on genetic diversity in dairy cattle, meaning that it examines those domesticated cattle breeds selected for milk production. The chapter presents the relevant definitions and discusses the role of natural and artificial selection in the creation of breeds and genetic diversi...
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Agri-food supply chains in western and northern europe
Western and Northern Europe are important regions for food production and supply for Europe and globally. With a combination of new supply chain management techniques and technological advancement, there are useful insights from the region on modern food production, value addition and associated ...
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Salmonella control in pig production
Salmonella infections of zoonotic origin are one of the most frequent causes of zoonotic infections worldwide, and there are clear indications that, at least in some countries, pork is an important source of human salmonellosis. This chapter describes the epidemiology of salmonella and possible i...
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Management of an ultra-high-density mango orchard and benefits of the small-tree system
There are many advantages in establishing mango hedgerows in such a way that their height for optimal light utilization does not exceed 2m and their width 1m. The terminal shoots, inflorescences and fruits on such trees are within easy reach of farm workers. The fruits, as opposed to branches and...
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Non-invasive field phenotyping of cereal development
High throughput field phenotyping (HTFP) allows the selection of crops with unprecedented precision, and plays an important role to understand genotype-by-environment interaction. This chapter describes carrier systems for non-invasive field phenotyping, outlines the principles of envirotyping, a...
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Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in north africa and southwest asia
The impacts of climate change on food production in North Africa and Southwest Asia are severe, with rising temperatures and prolonged dry spells adversely affecting crop productivity and quality. Crop models are utilized to evaluate the impact of climate change and the potential of adaptation st...
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Key factors limiting sustainable insect pest management in soybeans
If sustainability implies the preservation of resources for future generations, then pest management tools, like insecticides and insect-resistant varieties, can be considered resources that should be preserved for future generations. Overuse of these tools can result in resistance such that thei...
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The coffee sector and smallholder farmers
This chapter reviews the role of smallholders in coffee cultivation and the challenges they face. It reviews definitions, size and distribution of this group. The chapter then looks at structure and price volatility in the coffee market and its impact on smallholders, including the effects of the...
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Key challenges in modelling of agricultural activities and their environmental impact
Modelling agricultural activities gives insight into the environmental impact of current practices. Furthermore, modelling allows testing the effect of mitigation strategies or management changes and supports decision making towards environmentally friendlier products. Model quality depends on ac...
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Yield gap analysis towards meeting future rice demand
Rice provides 20% of the world’s food energy, and increased rice production owing to growing demand needs to be derived mainly from existing agricultural land. This requires reducing the ‘yield gap’, which is defined as the difference between potential yield and average on-farm yield obtained by ...
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Assessing the impact of alien bees on native ones
Because of their importance as pollinators of wild and cultivated plants, little concern has been paid to alien bees when entering a new ecosystem. Hence, approximately 80 alien bee species worldwide have spread outside their native ranges. Here, we explored the main impacts of alien bees on nati...
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Improving organic agriculture in the developing world: asia
Traditional Asian farming methods are often seen as being close to organic production, but there is a need for considerable research and farmer education if the sector is to develop in accordance with scientifically led organic knowledge and to fulfil its potential. This chapter describes key cro...
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Managing the poultry hatcher environment
This chapter will discuss these two aspects of the hatching phase. First, the hatcher phase will be described from an embryonic point of view, focusing on the developmental and physiological changes during the final days of the incubation process. Second, the hatcher phase will be described from ...
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Understanding and dealing with antibiotic resistance in poultry production
This chapter explores patterns of antimicrobial use (AMU) in poultry production, reviews recent modifications in AMU use and assesses their impact on trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The chapter also examines examine the common antimicrobial-resistant bacteria associated with poultry and...
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Advances in greenhouses and other protected structures used for cultivation of vegetables
Research work conducted during recent years (e.g. structure design, covering, climate control, energy use efficiency, water and nutrient management, supplemental lighting, new cultivars) has revolutionized greenhouse vegetable production. This chapter reviews the current situation of such protect...
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The colour of poultry meat: understanding, measuring and maintaining product quality
The colour of poultry meat is often the first thing used by consumers to assess meat quality, and so it plays a vital role in purchasing decisions. This chapter begins by reviewing the fundamentals of meat pigments, including the chemistry of haem pigments. It then considers the colours of fresh,...
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Genetic modification of bananas: the long road to farmers’ fields
The great challenge for bananas into the future is to develop cultivars with multiple disease resistances, stress tolerance and enhanced fruit quality. The two major development strategies are conventional breeding which will deliver new cultivars and genetic modification which will deliver curre...
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Improving agri-food supply chains in north america: the case of the sugarcane agro-industry in mexico
This chapter discusses improving agri-food supply chains in North America, using the case of the sugarcane agro-industry in Mexico as a discussion point. The chapter focuses on sugarcane production in Mexico, then goes on to highlight factors determining the competitiveness of the sugarcane agro-...
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Genome editing in sorghum
Genetic engineering plays a key role in plant functional research and genetic improvement. A novel and powerful gene editing technique, CRISPR/Cas9, which was developed from a type II bacterial immune system, opened up a new era in precision genetic engineering in plants. This technique is based ...
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The use of bacterial probiotics and direct-fed microbials as dietary supplements in dairy cow nutrition
Direct-fed microbials (DFM), or probiotics, overall can improve feed digestion and/or fermentation, reduce the risk of rumen acidosis, increase milk production, enhance immunity and gut health, especially reducing calf diarrhea, and reduce mastitis in dairy cattle. The commonly used DFM include s...
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Advances in poultry genetics and genomics
This collection begins by reviewing current challenges facing poultry breeding. It goes on to review recent research on the genetics of key production and functional traits. The book then summarises key advances in genomic selection techniques and concludes by surveying emerging trends such as th...
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Improving plant propagation methods for fruit disease control
The movement of plant propagation material across countries and continents allows for the exchange of high-quality planting material providing producers with superior germplasm, and enhancing farm sustainability and profits. However, this practice has hidden dangers, including the potential of mo...
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Insect pests affecting coffee: understanding agroecosystems and alternative methods of control
This chapter reviews some of the most important insect pests affecting coffee plantations worldwide. In each case the chapter discusses the damage they cause, insect biology and ecology, and how this understanding can be used to develop alternative more environmentally-friendly and sustainable me...
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Advances in understanding the nitrogen cycle in crop production
Nitrogen is the element that is taken up from the soil by plants in the largest amounts, so understanding the worldwide nitrogen cycle is imperative if we are to make agriculture more sustainable. This chapter discusses current research into the stages of the nitrogen cycle giving rise to these i...
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Developments in site-specific (ss) nutrient management systems for precision agriculture
In agriculture, SS nutrient management systems have emerged as pivotal tools for enhancing productivity and sustainability. These systems, grounded in the principles of precision agriculture, aim to tailor nutrient application to the unique characteristics of individual field zones, ensuring opti...
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Maintaining and utilizing the genetic diversity of soybeans
The aim of plant breeding is to create genetically diverse gene pools and then devise strategies to consolidate the favourable alleles and eliminate those that are adverse to the grower’s objectives. Genetic diversity is the fuel that powers plant breeding but it is also the largest impediment to...
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Genome editing for precision crop breeding
Part 1 of this volume reviews advances in gene editing techniques such as insertion-based genome edits, base editing, guide RNAs and CRISPR/Cas off targeting. Part 2 surveys applications of gene editing in key cereal and vegetable crops.
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Advances in the use of robotics in orchard operations
Agriculture has witnessed transformative innovation and technology adoption over the past 100 years including tractors, combine harvesters, and auto-steering techniques. These mechanized or automated machines relieved a huge population around the world from hard labor in challenging farming envir...
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Developing decision support systems for improving data management in agricultural supply chains
Food production takes place in a complex network of enterprises reaching from agriculture to processing, trade and retail. The final characteristics of food products sold to consumers depend on the cooperation of all enterprises engaged in the production process, forming the food value chain. Wit...
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How pathogens develop resistance to fungicides: an overview
This chapter examines how pathogens develop resistance to fungicides, it first reviews the ways to detect and measure resistance. It then moves on to examine mechanisms of resistance, such as target site mutation and oppression and multi-drug resistance. The chapter also reviews the evolution of ...
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Biostimulants for sustainable crop production
Biostimulants stimulate natural processes in crops to enhance nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency (NUE), resistance to abiotic stress and quality traits. This collection reviews key advances in understanding and using biostimulants.
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Cultural techniques to manage weeds
Widespread problems with herbicide-resistant weeds, environmental contamination by herbicides, and soil degradation due to excessive cultivation have led to an increasing need for integrated weed management strategies that make use of a wide array of cultural techniques to reduce weed population ...
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Quality defects associated with poultry muscle development: wooden breast
The increasing consumer demand for poultry meat has led to intensive breeding programs to achieve higher growths rate and high breast yields in modern chickens, indirectly resulting in the occurrence of growth-related muscular abnormalities. Among these, wooden breast (WB) is characterized by bul...
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Nutrition management of grazing dairy cows in temperate environments
Temperate grass-legume mixes (i.e. pasture) are nutritionally well-balanced and can sustain moderate levels of milk production in dairy cattle. However, pasture is perishable, and if not consumed by cow, it is wasted and the feed quality of the re-growth declines. Moreover, increased use of suppl...
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Advances in understanding the ecology of citrus insect pests
Citrus is one of the oldest and most important perennial fruit crops of the world and has been a crucial cultivar in the development of technology to manage insect pests. Some of the leading breakthroughs include classical biological control, early fumigation practices, establishment of plant qua...
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Farming and land use change to achieve net zero
This book explores key issues in land use change to achieve net zero, including developing national land use strategies affecting agriculture as well as ways to implement particular changes such as rewetting farmland to restore peatland, reforestation and growing bioenergy crops.
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Delivering improved phosphorus acquisition by root systems in pasture and arable crops
Improving low efficiency of phosphorus (P) use in agriculture is an imperative because P is one of the key nutrients underpinning sustainable intensification of food production and the rock-phosphate reserves, from which P fertilisers are made, are finite. This paper describes key soil, root and ...
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Soil health and climate change: a critical nexus
A healthy soil has the capacity to sustain biological activity, maintain environmental quality and promote plant and animal health. This chapter reviews the impact of climate change on the key components of soil health, including soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Holistically, un...
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Financial services for smallholders
Financing for smallholder farmers starts with the question of what does a smallholder need to improve their income and ends with financing as one of the solutions that help achieve this goal. The chapter outlines some basic concepts and then outlines a set of various loan products that may fit a ...
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Advances in understanding the genetics of the nutritional properties of cereals: maize and oat proteins
This chapter reviews advances in understanding the genetics of the nutritional properties of cereals, particularly focusing on maize and oat proteins. It covers the genetics of maize and oat nutritional properties and the progress that has been made in terms of quality and the importance of these...
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Insect pests of fruit: aphids
Aphids (Homoptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae) currently include 5575 valid species. They are characterized by some peculiar morphological and biological characteristics that make these insects unique organisms. Although often under-reported, it is estimated that aphids cause very high economic lo...
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