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Achieving sustainable cultivation of hemp
This book reviews the wealth of research on the global production of industrial hemp, its contribution to the development of more sustainable products, as well as the social, business, economic and political issues that can arise as a result of its production.
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Ruminal protein breakdown and ammonia assimilation
Ruminal nitrogen (N) metabolism has long been associated with adequate degradation of fiber, feed intake, and productivity by ruminants. To reduce environmental impact, minimizing N waste per N intake oversimplifies the issue. Instead, animal product per unit of dietary N should be optimized, thu...
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Instant insights: reducing antibiotic use in dairy production
This collection features three peer-reviewed literature reviews on reducing antibiotic use in dairy production.
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An overview of tropical forest formations
The type of forest encountered on any specific site on the planet is the result of the interaction between abiotic factors and the living organisms that together make up the ecosystem. This interaction is then further complicated by a range of influences that may be human, biological such as poll...
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Advances in understanding key contamination risks in animal feed: mycotoxins
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain filamentous fungi, especially Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Over 400 mycotoxins have been identified, most notably aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxins. These low molecular weight compounds are...
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Advances in understanding the epidemiology of fusarium in cereals
Cereal grains contribute more than half of the global daily calorie intake. However, cereal crops are prone to attack by plant pathogens that cause devastating losses estimated in the billions of dollars, threatening global food and economic security. One of the diseases of small grain cereals th...
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Managing soil health for sustainable agriculture volume 1
There is a growing concern that both intensive agriculture in the developed world and rapid expansion of agriculture in the developing world is damaging soil health. This volume reviews advances in our understanding of soil structure and dynamics which form the foundation for effective soil manag...
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Reconciling water needs for food, the environment, energy and society – a quadrilemma facing the future of global irrigated agriculture
Improving agricultural water management is widely viewed as being crucial to achieving a more environmentally sustainable, resilient and productive agro-food sector. However, how do we reconcile the needs of water for food production with those of the environment and for energy and society – a wi...
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Improving welfare in catching and transport of chickens
The pre-slaughter phase is the last stage of meat production and for broiler chickens entails feed and water withdrawal, catching, loading, transportation and lairage. Major stressors during pre-slaughter include rough handling, overstocking, thermal stress, and prolonged feed and water withdrawa...
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Advances in the use of entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticides in suppressing crop pests
Hypocrealean ascomycetes have a set of properties such as their unique mode of action by direct penetration through the cuticle, relatively ease to mass production, and their newly discovered ecological roles as endophytes and/or plant growth promoters which put them at the forefront of the globa...
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Seed systems and diversity
Farmers use various seed systems to obtain seeds for their next crop. The diversity of seeds determines, together with other aspects of the farming system, the biodiversity in farmed areas. Conservation strategies for crop genetic resources distinguish ex situ, on-farm and in situ components. The...
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Advances in the reduction of herbicide use in conservation agriculture: french case studies
Conservation agriculture (CA) appears as a promising agricultural pathway to achieve multiperformance but is currently questioned due to its reliance on herbicides for weed management, especially glyphosate. One limit in the development of CA-based agroecological cropping system less reliant on h...
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Sorghum as a food grain
Grain sorghum is the fifth most produced cereal crop in the world, preceded only by rice, wheat, corn and barley, and it is a dietary staple for more than half a billion people in more than 30 countries. Sorghum is a principal food in areas of Africa and Asia as well as being used as a raw materi...
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Quantifying the contribution of livestock health issues to the environmental impact of their production systems
The focus of this chapter is on the environmental impact consequences of endemic livestock health challenges that lead to deterioration in animal health, and on the potential impacts arising from their mitigations. The first part of the chapter concentrates on the potential of animal health to af...
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Welfare standards for laying hens
Consumers regard animal welfare as an important attribute of the food they eat. Sellers have to pay due attention to animal welfare before selling food like eggs or poultry to people. There are many welfare standards for laying hens and this chapter looks into some of these standards like commerc...
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Instant insights: agroforestry practices
This book provides a detailed overview of the implementation of agroforestry practices to improve the sustainability of agriculture.
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Harmful compounds in coffee
In recent years, public health issues in the food industry have led to regulations concerning contaminants in foodstuffs, including coffee. Four main types of compound are known to contaminate coffee. First, pesticides come from agricultural treatments, transport and storage. Ochratoxin A is the ...
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The cropgrow model
The CropGrow series model, comprising WheatGrow and RiceGrow, was developed by the Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture at Nanjing Agricultural University. The model integrates cutting-edge methodologies, such as system analysis, dynamic modeling, scenario simulation, and...
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Current advances in zinc in soils and plants: implications for zinc efficiency and biofortification studies
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is one of the critical abiotic stress factors that often limits crop production, yield, and quality worldwide. It is estimated over one third of the global arable lands are affected by Zn deficiency and so there is a need for more Zn-efficient crops. This chapter critically e...
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Recent advances in understanding the role of vitamins in pig nutrition
Requirements for vitamins in modern intensive swine production are still based on genetically outdated lines of pigs and production conditions which have changed dramatically during the last 30 years. This chapter describes recent advances related to the role of vitamins and their importance for ...
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The denitrification-decomposition (dndc) model
DNDC is a well-established biogeochemical crop model that has been featured in over 400 peer-reviewed publications and excels at quantifying agricultural impact under diverse environmental and management conditions. DNDC employs a thermal time-driven biomass accumulation sub-model across all crop...
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Assessing the potential economic impact of invasive plant pests
Economic impact assessments are performed as part of a pest risk analysis to determine whether the introduction of a plant pest will result in unacceptable economic consequences. This often triggers phytosanitary measures to reduce the economic risk to an acceptable level. Appropriate techniques ...
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Feed supplements for dairy cattle
The manipulation of rumen fermentation to maximize the efficiency of feed utilization and increase ruminant productivity is of great commercial interest. This chapter reviews the beneficial effects sought through manipulating rumen fermentation in dairy cattle. It then considers a wide variety o...
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The economics of groundwater development and governance
The last century has seen a dramatic increase in the demand for groundwater, first as a source of drinking water, and more recently for agricultural use in arid and semi-arid regions. This sudden surge in demand can be explained by several attractive properties of this resource: it is free, avail...
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Understanding and optimizing the use of amino acids in pig nutrition
This chapter discusses the principles and practical aspects of meeting amino acid requirements and the use of functional amino acids in pig nutrition. The authors begin by exploring protein and amino acid metabolism, then the principles of amino acid needs, including maintenance and growth. They ...
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Analysing maize grain quality
Advances in the technologies and methods for analysing the quality characteristics of maize grains can help us determine the contribution of maize products to human health, as well as help in the development of maize cultivars with improved characteristics. This chapter reviews a range of methods...
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Improving nutrient management in the cultivation of ornamental plants in greenhouse, container and field production
This chapter reviews nutrient management in different production systems for ornamentals. Proper nutrition in containerized and field grown plants is essential for maximized growth and profitability. Macro- and micro-nutrients along with substrate or soil amendments ensure that plants remain hea...
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Advances in detecting tree nut allergens
Food allergy remains a major problem affecting consumers. Together with peanut, tree nuts belong to a small group of allergens responsible for the great majority of food allergies. This chapter begins by providing an overview of tree nut allergies and their prevalence. It then discusses allergeni...
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The use of rotations and cover crops to manage weeds
Crop rotation has been known for many years as an effective strategy for controlling weeds because it has a disruptive effect on weed populations. Cover crops are important additions to cash crop rotations because they suppress weeds during rotational periods when crops are absent and provide eco...
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Preventing bacterial diseases in dairy cattle
A paradigm shift in the management of bacterial diseases of food animals is needed; a shift from pharmacologic interventions to disease risk identification and mitigation. The interaction between disease and its risk factors follows the disease triangle, a conceptual model that incorporates host,...
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Viruses affecting poultry
Infectious diseases, particularly those caused by viral pathogens, pose one of the most serious threats to the growth and sustainability of the global poultry industry. The industry relies heavily on vaccination-based control strategies, but there are important challenges for this approach, such ...
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Developments in forest farming
The agroforestry practice of forest farming is gaining traction as a useful land practice. Demand for forest farmed raw material and products is high as evidenced by consumer interest in sustainable, domestic, and local products, and priority for conservation of wild populations. The goals are to...
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Supporting smallholder women farmers in potato cultivation
As the importance of potato cultivation among smallholder farmers increases, it is clear that women farmers have a vital role to play in shaping and maximising this growth, safeguarding potatoes as a primary food security crop. The present chapter offers a summary of the current state of potato c...
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Improving disease surveillance in sheep populations to support preventative flock health management programmes
This chapter reviews key issues in the design and implementation of disease surveillance systems in sheep populations. It assesses different types of surveillance and flock health objectives, data sources, testing and sampling techniques. The chapter also reviews sampling strategies, including ep...
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Genetic and other factors affecting wheat quality
Wheat quality derives from interactions between the components of the kernel. In turn these components are themselves collections of multiple sub-components. Many components are under genetic control and are modulated, if not profoundly influenced, by growing conditions. This chapter focuses on t...
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Advances in understanding of indigenous milk enzymes
Milk contains a complex set of enzymes of varying classes, along with in many cases substrates, zymogens, activators and inhibitors constituting in some instances whole systems, like the plasmin system. Some of the indigenous enzymes are present due to the way in which milk is secreted, and some...
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Developments in robotics and automation in precision agriculture: the role of artificial intelligence:
The chapter explores advances in robotics and automation in precision agriculture, emphasizing the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI). It discusses how AI-driven robotic systems are enhancing agricultural efficiency, sustainability, and productivity by integrating machine learnin...
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Understanding nutritional and bioactive properties of whey
Whey is a co-product of cheese and casein manufacturing processes. Historically, whey was a waste product with associated challenges on disposal due to its high organic matter content and biological oxygen demand. However, with the emergence of fractionation technology, whey has gained recognitio...
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Instant insights: mastitis in dairy cattle
This specially curated collection features four reviews of current and key research on mastitis in dairy cattle.
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Maintaining soil health in oil palm cultivation
Many existing oil palm plantations were set up after clearing equatorial and tropical rainforests. In tropical forests, the topsoil is where the fertility lies due to its physico-chemical properties, developed through an accumulation of organic matter and intense biological activity. In the first...
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Instant insights: biodiversity management practices
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on biodiversity management practices in agriculture.
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Developing decision-support systems for pasture and rangeland management
Although there have been several decades of development of decision support systems (DSSs) for pasture and rangeland systems, there is limited uptake of such tools in these farming systems. Historically, there has been confusion between use of DSS tools for either farmers, or for learning and res...
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Understanding ageing processes in seed potatoes
The physiological quality of seed tubers is very important for the performance of the crop grown from them, and interacts strongly with seed tuber size. Physiological quality consists of two components: dormancy and physiological age. This chapter reviews the conditions which influence both dorma...
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Microbial ecology and function of the gastrointestinal tract in layer hens
With the introduction of next-generation sequencing, a more comprehensive identification of the laying hen gastrointestinal tract microbial population has emerged. There are several factors that can influence the composition and function of the layer hen gastrointestinal tract including age of th...
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Improving water and nutrient management in tomato cultivation
Agricultural practices for tomato production need to (1) fulfil the water and nutritional requirements of the crop for optimal production, (2) consider the environmental impact of production and (3) offer nutritious and safe tomatoes to consumers. This chapter focuses on irrigation and fertilizat...
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Cocoa diseases: witches' broom
Witches' broom, caused by the hemibiotrophic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa, is one of the most important cocoa diseases. The pathogen co-evolved with cocoa in the Amazon River basin and is currently restricted to South and Central America. Other cocoa-producing regions of the world are ...
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Understanding processing of phytochemical compounds in fruits and vegetables in the gut
Phytochemicals are compounds synthesized in plants that result from secondary metabolism. As a part of plant-rich diets, phytochemicals are associated with wide ranging health benefits including antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anticlotting, anti-inflammatory effects. There are a wide vari...
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Improving organic crop cultivation
Organic crop cultivation needs to improve yields if it is to expand its share of agricultural production. This collection reviews ways of addressing this challenge, from developing better varieties to ways of improving crop nutrition and pest control.
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Mechanization and automation for apple
Sustaining large-scale commercial apple production depends on the availability of a large, seasonal and suitably skilled workforce. The costs and associated risks are dependent on human labor as well as overall productivity which could be reduced by improved mechanization of apple production oper...
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Mapping and exploiting the citrus genome
The citrus gene pool displays a huge diversity for useful traits such as fruit quality, resistance to diseases and abiotic stress adaptation. Efficient exploitation of this germplasm by conventional citrus breeding requires the developments of early selection methods, particularly the one based o...
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Understanding and optimizing the physical properties of growing media for soilless cultivation
From the end of the last century and the beginning of this millennium, the design and use of growing media have rapidly evolved to respond to new needs and constraints. Additional concepts in soil physics have been developed to cope with these changes. The beginning of this millennium has also wi...
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Laying hen nutrition: optimizing energy intake, egg size and weight
Hen nutrition must address a number of different goals, including maximizing egg production, maintaining egg quality, extending the laying cycle and ensuring hen health and welfare. This chapter focuses on the role of nutrition in optimizing energy intake, egg size and egg weight. It reviews the ...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of sorghum volume 1
Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop (after rice, maize, wheat and barley). The first volume in this two-volume collection reviews advances in understanding sorghum physiology and genetics as well as developments in breeding new varieties and their more efficient cultivation.
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Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in east asia
This chapter briefly summarizes the estimated impact of historical and future climate changes on major food crop production (e.g., rice, wheat, maize) across the primary production regions of East Asia.
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Black soldier fly meal: an alternative protein source for pigs
Black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) is a main species of edible insects, which has been found to be well suited to scalable commercial scale production and efficiency to provide sustainable protein for livestock. This chapter will focus on the current knowledge of feeding BSF as an alterna...
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Advances in pest- and disease-resistant apple varieties
Disease and pest-resistant cultivars can significantly contribute to sustainable and resilient cultivation of apples. In this chapter, we review the development of apples that are resistant to a number of important diseases, including apple scab, powdery mildew, fire blight, nectria canker and Ma...
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Harvesting citrus: challenges and perspectives in an automated world
Harvesting oranges has been a challenge for all countries that grow and export juice or fresh fruit. Despite the many advances in agriculture and technology, the majority of harvesting is still performed manually. This crop is formed on trees of high canopy, subjecting pickers to risks and physic...
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Advances in actuation and control in agricultural robots
In recent years, agricultural robots have moved away from being pure sensor-carrying platforms for gathering data in the field into becoming action-delivering platforms providing physical interaction with the environment. In this chapter, the actuation methods that are most commonly used on intel...
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Future outlook on microbial bioprotectants in agriculture
Microbial bioprotectants have the potential to play a major role in the future of crop protection. Agriculture needs to become more sustainable and still provide food security within planetary borders. New technologies and scientific discoveries can unravel the interactions between the plant, the...
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Rootstocks to improve root function and resource-use efficiency
Grafting, a surgical technique to attach genetically different shoots and roots (scions and rootstocks) allows “designer root systems” to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. Rootstocks improve plant nutrient relations by increasing nutrient capture and/or nutrient use efficiency...
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Understanding resistance to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides
The Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor (SDHI, Carboxamide, Group 7) compounds represent the fastest growing fungicide class. The spectrum of activity of SDHIs encompasses Ascomycete, Basidiomycete, and Deuteromycete pathogens on a wide variety of hosts. SDHIs are a structurally diverse class, curr...
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Advances in fruit genetics
Sustainability of fruit production worldwide is heavily dependent on advances in fruit genetics. Changing environments, innovative production systems, increased pest and pathogen pressure and fluctuating consumer preferences are forcing fruit producers to adjust at a higher pace than ever before....
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Instant insights: biofertiliser use in agriculture
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of biofertilisers in agriculture to optimise plant and soil health, focussing on the use of treated wastes, animal manure, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.
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Advances in understanding the ecology of invasive crop insect pests and their impact on ipm
Invasive species represent one of the greatest threats to agriculture and commercial forestry, worldwide. Examples of invasive pests continue to increase with increasing world trade and human transport, but all biological invasions progress through similar stages of arrival, establishment, spread...
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Biological control in integrated management of deciduous fruit insect pests: the use of semiochemicals
Over the past 25 years, semiochemical-based technologies have emerged as essential components of pest management programmes in deciduous fruit production systems. Pheromone-based mating disruption is by far the most widely adopted behavioural control, with nearly 800 000 ha of fruit crops treated...
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Developments in peptide-based biocontrol agents to manage insect pests
Chemical insecticides are beset by the twin problems of regulatory pressure and insect resistance. New mode-of-action Plant Protection Products (PPPs) will play a vital role in securing food for the future due to existing and emerging pest and disease pressures and will be directed against a wide...
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Advances in breeding and cultivation of pomegranate
The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is among the first cultivated crops in the world. However, consumers’ preference for this fruit was not high for many centuries due to the difficulty of extracting the arils for eating. Recent studies noting the superior pharmacological and therapeutic propert...
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Understanding the genetics of c₃ photosynthesis in crop plants
Understanding the genetics of C3 photosynthesis, particularly its regulation, is essential to undertake photosynthetic improvement. The expression of the photosynthesis-associated genes is regulated at different levels (transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational), but very little i...
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Trickle irrigation systems
Trickle irrigation is the practice of dripping water into soil at very low rates, using outlets placed closed to the plant to ensure targeted application to the root zone. Since the 1950s, trickle irrigation technology has become increasingly advanced and widespread. It is believed that the techn...
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Application of genomic selection (gs) in breeding commercial meat-type chickens
This chapter describes the implementation stages of genomic selection in meat-type chickens (broilers), beginning from the initial phase of testing the methodology to current developments where the technology has been consolidated into the commercial breeding programmes. This chapter focuses on b...
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Understanding the biochemistry of c₃ photosynthesis in crop plants
The C3 cycle is the primary biochemical pathway for fixation of atmospheric CO₂ in over 85% of plants, including the major crop species. This pathway is autocatalytic involving eleven enzymes catalysing 13 reactions and provides carbon compounds directly for the synthesis of isoprenoids, sucrose,...
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Banana streak disease
The chapter gives an overview of the biology, epidemiology, diagnostics, and control of the banana streak complex of viruses in bananas.
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Advances in physical control methods in ipm
The evidence is mounting for pesticide failures on many fronts, including environmental contamination and pest resistance to chemical products. As an alternative, physical management methods are environmentally friendly, are not subject to the development of resistance, leave no residues and requ...
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Smart distribution to maintain shelf life of horticultural produce
Most fresh horticultural crops in developed countries that are harvested but not consumed (40 to 50%) are wasted because the quality is inadequate for marketing or does not meet consumer quality requirements. Reducing quality deterioration can both extend shelf life and reduce waste of fresh hort...
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Genetics of drought tolerance in cereals
This chapter discusses some of the latest findings related to the genetics of drought resistance of the world's most widely grown cereals. The chapter starts with rice because of its key role as an ancestral founder species and phylogenetically pivotal role for cereal evolution. The chapter then ...
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The global framework for food chemical risk assessment
Chemicals in food can pose a risk to human health. The Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) provides a global framework for the risk management of these chemicals, from setting maximum residue limits for veterinary drugs and pesticide residues in food to maximum levels (MLs) for contaminants in fo...
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Exploiting plant phenotypic plasticity in promoting crop resistance to insect pests
This chapter explores how an understanding of crop phenotypic plasticity might inform and improve pest management. In crops, plant-mediated interactions among herbivores and other organisms may have implications for pest management by, for example, altering thresholds or recommendations for scout...
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Advances in the use of hemp as feed for aquaculture
Expansion of the ingredient portfolio is crucial for sustainable aquaculture, as it ensures that the supply of feed ingredients aligns with future aquafeed demand. Industrial hemp grain and its co-products are plant-based materials known for their high-quality and easily digestible protein, healt...
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Soil sampling for soil health assessment
A successful soil health study or project requires thorough planning. Accurate results in soil health assessment can be difficult to obtain due to complications from spatial, temporal and managerial variability. A well-planned soil health sampling design will ensure that the resulting data are re...
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Assessing the environmental impact of commercial-scale cultivated meat production
This chapter draws attention to assessing the environmental impact of commercial cultivated meat production. To provide some context, the chapter first focuses on the environmental impacts of livestock production, specifically the impact of land use and biodiversity, climate change as well as the...
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Disease surveillance, diagnostics and germplasm health in crop protection
Diseases caused by a range of established and emerging pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and viruses are among the persistent factors for the reduction in crop yields across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Most damaging diseases are caused by introduced exotic pathogens and by locally evolve...
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Weed management in organic conservation agriculture systems
Organic conservation agriculture can potentially contribute to meeting many urgent technical and environmental issues related to agricultural soil degradation; however, its uptake has been so far quite limited. After having shed some light on the similarities and differences between (organic) con...
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Optimizing maize-based cropping systems: sustainability, good agricultural practices (gap) and yield goals
Sustainable maize production is profitable for the farmer, protects the natural resource base, including maintaining and improving soil productivity, prevents environmental degradation beyond the field, improves the quality of life of individuals and communities and ensures the nutritional value ...
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Advances in mass breeding/rearing techniques for yellow mealworms as a protein source
In recent years, the yellow mealworm has undergone a significant transformation, from a global pest species to a prominent insect species for feed and food purposes. However, farming mealworms is still a relatively new business venture, offering ample opportunities for optimization and innovation...
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The role of soil fauna in soil health and delivery of ecosystem services
Soil fauna includes microscopic organisms such as nematodes (microfauna), mites and springtails (mesofauna), up to larger invertebrates such as worms, spiders, ants, termites and beetles (macrofauna) and vertebrates (megafauna) such as amphibians, reptiles and mammals. This chapter explains how t...
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Global tea science
Tea is the most widely-consumed beverage in the world. Tea cultivation faces a range of challenges in improving yields. The various parts of the book review ways of addressing these challenges, from breeding and cultivation to plant protection and improving sustainability.
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Post-harvest storage of potatoes
Storage is one component of the field to fork cycle and good storage can maintain the quality of the input tubers with positive benefits for the rest of the supply chain. This chapter reviews the mechanisms underlying potato spoilage and discusses key techniques for storing potatoes to maintain q...
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Advances in understanding of barley plant physiology: plant development and architecture
This chapter summarizes recent advances in understanding the genetics of barley development and architecture. In particular it discusses developments in understanding: barley plant structure and morphology; molecular control of vegetative development; and molecular control of reproductive develop...
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Advances in precision pig farming technologies
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in precision pig farming, focussing on the application of monitoring technologies and data processing techniques to better manage pig housing, nutrition, health and welfare.
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Advances in post-harvest detection and control of fungal contamination of cereals
This chapter examines the relationship between cereal grains during storage and approaches which have been used to minimise fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination. The role of abiotic factors such as water availability and temperature and their interactions on ecology of spoilage and mycotox...
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Non-timber forest products from tropical forests
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) were hailed as a “silver bullet” to provide the economic incentives to conserve standing forests, while contributing to local livelihoods. While the livelihood benefits of NTFPs have been widely acknowledged, the contribution of the NTFP sector to biodiversity c...
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Sorghum tolerance to low-phosphorus soil conditions
Many sorghum growing areas in Africa are affected by phosphorus (P) scarcity. In these areas small-scale farmers depend on sorghum for food security and income, but have difficulty accessing or paying for P fertilizer. With the expected future price increases for P fertilizer, this problem is lik...
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Advances in understanding rodent pests affecting cereal grains
Post-harvest losses by rodents are estimated to be similar as for pre-harvest losses; somewhere from 0.25% to 25% or more, but generally considered to average around 5-10%, which is similar to the level of post-harvest losses caused by insects. There have been very few studies measuring post-harv...
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Advances in metaproteomics for analyzing soil microorganisms
Soil metaproteomic, the protein profile of a sample, gives both taxonomical and functional information and has the potential to improve knowledge of mechanisms underlying the important ecosystem services by soil. This chapter aims to discuss the challenges facing protein extraction from soil, the...
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Modelling soil organic matter dynamics as a soil health indicator
The presence of soil organic matter (SOM) is seen as essential for soil health. Modelling SOM in soils helps researchers and farmers understand and predict the effects of different cultivation practices on changes in SOM. This chapter reviews key issues in SOM modelling and the development of inc...
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Developing disease-resistant tomato varieties
Tomato is known to be afflicted by at least 200 different disease-causing organisms from most major pathogen classes – bacteria, fungi (including Oomycota), viruses and nematodes. Despite decades of conventional breeding and selection, there are still a large number of diseases caused by these pa...
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Acrylamide formation in fried potato products and its mitigation
Acrylamide is carcinogenic to rodents and also a ‘probable’ human carcinogen. No regulatory limits have yet been established on the levels of this contaminant in food, but food industries are nevertheless under pressure to find ways of reducing acrylamide formation. The greatest contribution to d...
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Advances in soil quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) techniques for identifying and studying soil microbial communities
This chapter explores advances in quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques for identifying and studying soil microbial communities. The authors begin by describing the principles of qPCR. This is followed by sections discussing factors affecting the reproducibility of qPCR assays, and qPCR targets. The...
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Instant insights: optimising agri-food supply chains
This book provides a detailed overview of current agri-food supply chains, as well as the ways in which they can be optimised to mitigate some of agriculture’s biggest challenges, including food loss and waste.
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Quality parameters and testing methods in rice cultivation
Quality parameters and the ability to test when these have been satisfied are essential for delivering a consistent, high-quality product to consumers, and important for the development of new rice varieties with desired characteristics. This chapter begins by focusing on technology for assessing...
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