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Advances in mango cultivation
The mango is an important crop and is commercially cultivated in all continents, both in the tropics and subtropics. According to FAO statistics, mangoes are produced in 100 countries and on a global scale, mango production has increased considerably. This chapter explains the genetic aspects tha...
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Measuring and improving the environmental performance of organic farming
There is a large and growing body of literature comparing the environmental performance of organic and conventional farming in specific settings, either on farm or product level. However, how one assesses ‘environmental performance’ is a complex and multifaceted question, and one-dimensional indi...
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Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in australia and oceania
In the past few decades, the Oceania region has experienced a general trend of rising temperature, increased rainfall variability, declining rainfall in parts of Australia and New Zealand, and increased rainfall, particularly extreme events in other parts of the Oceanian region. These changes pos...
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Effects of crop rotations and intercropping on soil health
There has been an increasing interest in evaluating the health of soil resources motivated by the growing cognizance that soil is a critically important component of the earth’s biosphere, playing an important functional role not only in producing food and fibre, but also in maintaining ecosystem...
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The role and range of voluntary standards and certification systems governing sustainable agricultural practices
This chapter charts the development and progressive broadening of sustainability as a concept, focusing on the particular role of voluntary sustainability standards set up by individual companies as well as sectors such as coffee and palm oil. It discusses the challenges of coordinating the multi...
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Muscle fibre types and beef quality
The quality of bovine meat is related to the composition of the source muscles. Bovine skeletal muscle is mainly composed of three types of muscle fibres that are found in varying proportions in different muscles. The proportion of these different fibre types varies with biological and environmen...
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Instant insights: irrigation management in horticultural production
This collection provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in irrigation management in horticultural production, focussing on more conventional growing systems, as well as emerging systems, such as soilless culture production.
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Agroforestry practices: forest farming
Forest farming is a relatively low-tech agroforestry practice for the cultivation of shade-tolerant non-timber forest products (NTFPs) such as medicinal plants, mushrooms, fruits, nuts, tree syrups and/or nursery stock. It is an ecologically sustainable way for forest owners to generate income, w...
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Growth, development and physiology of grain sorghum
A thorough understanding of how grain sorghum develops is essential in determining how best to manage this crop. Grain sorghum has three predictable phases of growth: vegetative (planting to panicle initiation); reproductive (panicle initiation to flowering) and grain filling (after flowering to ...
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Neuropsychology of consumer food choice
The neuropsychology of food consumption is a vast subject. This chapter concentrates on how value is established at the neurophysiological level and how it is related to behaviour. This is especially pertinent to the analysis of consumer choice, which refers here to being faced with two or more o...
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On-farm biomass technologies for heat and power
Biomass in its various forms, has long been combusted to provide useful heat on farms. Applications include heating of water, crop drying, animal housing, and heated greenhouses for protected vegetable and flower production. Biomass resources are often available on the farm including from crop re...
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Conservation agriculture in the agri-environmental european context
Conservation Agriculture is a real sustainable agricultural system, capable of providing solutions for most, if not all, of the agri-environmental challenges in Europe. Indeed, most of the challenges addressed in the Common Agriculture Policy could be faced through Conservation Agriculture. Not o...
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Welfare of laying hens: an overview
Although the majority of the world’s laying hens are still housed in conventional (‘battery’) cages, public concern for the welfare of laying hens is rapidly changing the methods by which eggs are being produced and marketed in many regions of the world. However, alternative housing systems have ...
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Managing energy demands in irrigated agriculture
The modernisation of irrigation districts, where traditional networks based on open channels are replaced by pressurised pipe networks, represents a change in the delicate balance between water and energy use. In this way, water use efficiency is increased, but energy consumption is highly augmen...
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Advances in robotic milking
In recent years, growth in the number of robotic milking installations on farms has been driven by the need for better labour management and also for improved quality of life for dairy producers. This chapter reviews published research on such robotic milking systems (RMS). Aspects related to bar...
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The role of food losses and waste in food insecurity
The chapter attempts to demonstrate some aspects related to the role of food losses and waste (FLW) in food insecurity, in two parts: (i) identifying direct linkages between FLW and food insecurity - that is a predictor of malnutrition (i.e. underweight, overweight and obesity, micronutrient defi...
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Smallholder integrated organic farming: how can it work in the tropics?
Organic animal farming in the tropics varies considerably across countries and regions, and comprises many different types of systems with significant variation in the degree to which animals are integrated into the systems. The chapter focuses on the issues associated with keeping animals on org...
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Agroforestry: a system for improving soil health
Introducing agroforestry into agroecosystems can be an important method to help promote soil health by its influence on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. This chapter highlights the benefits of agroforestry systems on soil properties important for soil health. These include criti...
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Developments in multi-sensor fusion in precision agriculture
Precision agriculture relies upon inputs from several different types of sensors in order to produce the desired maps and recommendations. Usually, combining those different types of data into meaningful information is not trivial, so the development of techniques capable of fully exploring the c...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of coffee
Coffee is one of the most widely-traded commodities in the world. This volume summarises research addressing key challenges in coffee cultivation, including genetic diversity and breeding improved varieties. Other chapters discuss how to measure and improve quality traits.
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Integrated management of soil-borne insect and fungal pests of coffee
This chapter reviews the main soil-borne insect pests and fungal diseases affecting coffee plants. It begins by assessing insect pests such as termites, leaf-cutting ants, mealybugs, cicadas, root flies and White grubs. In each case, the chapter includes an overview, discussión of pest life cycle...
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Advances in understanding pig nutritional requirements and metabolism
This chapter focuses on the advances in understanding pig nutritional requirements and metabolism. The authors begin by outlining optimising sow nutrition throughout gestation and lactation, covering the management of gilt weight on herd entry, nutrition to prevent sow lameness, minimising variat...
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Advances in understanding plant root behaviour and rootzone management in soilless culture systems
A healthy and vigorous root system is essential in soilless plant cultivation. The primary function of roots in soilless systems is water and nutrient uptake. Root nutrient uptake has three characteristics: (1) selective, (2) accumulative, and (3) genotype dependent. Many factors can affect root ...
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Instant insights: regulatory frameworks for new agricultural products and technologies
This book provides a unique overview of the legal and regulatory challenges facing the development and commercialisation of new agricultural products and technologies, including cultured meat, genome editing, bioprotectants, biopesticides and novel animal feed ingredients.
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Organic amendments to improve soil health and crop productivity: a case study in china
This chapter focuses on three long-term fertilization experiments with a temperature and precipitation gradient from China, which aim to improve soil fertility, maintain soil health and increase crop productivity. After outlining the approaches adopted in long-term experiments in fertilization ma...
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Advances and challenges in blueberry breeding
Efforts have steadily increased towards understanding the biological processes underlying key physiological traits in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum). Studies have shown high levels of genetic diversity are present within this species, much of which remains to be harnessed. This chapter introduc...
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Advances in understanding potato plant physiology and growth
Potato physiology determines how genetically-encoded developmental attributes interact with local environmental conditions, as modified through agricultural practice, to produce the final crop. This chapter highlights how physiological responses of potato to management choices made by growers and...
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Advances in soil respiration techniques for assessing soil microbial activity
For more than a century, soil respiration measurements have been used to understand soil microbial activity in different ecosystems and contexts. Continued methodological development and advances in sensing technologies are opening new avenues for exploration and insight. Nonetheless, the underly...
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Understanding and measuring plant water use
Plant water use is inextricably linked to both agricultural productivity and sustainable water resource management. Unlike plants in natural ecosystems, crops and horticultural species benefit from the active management of their growing environments. Tremendous advancements have been made towards...
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Advances in genetic improvement of durable resistance to fusarium head blight in wheat
Wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease in wheat worldwide. Wheat resistance to FHB is a complex with five types. Each type of resistance is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with most having minor effects and being affected by environments. This chapter desc...
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The effect of incubation temperature on embryonic development in poultry
The aim of this chapter is to examine the specific effects of exogenous and endogenous heat on embryonic growth during different stages of incubation, with an emphasis on controlled incubation temperature studies. The chapter explores the challenges inherent in establishing a temperature recommen...
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Ensuring the genetic diversity of apples
Widely-used apple cultivars exhibit low resistance to pathogens and low tolerance to climatic threats. This chapter reviews the threats to apple production and the resulting need for new varieties of apple. It considers the advantages of using progenitor species of Malus × domestica in traditiona...
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Opportunities and challenges in crossbreeding dairy cattle in temperate regions
Crossbreeding is an old technology; however, when used in today’s dairy systems, crossbreeding can produce profitable results for dairy producers. Interest in crossbreeding of dairy cattle has become a topic of great interest in the last ten years and has developed in response to concerns dairy p...
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Enhancing texture and tenderness in poultry meat
The texture and tenderness of poultry meat are key factors in ensuring consumer satisfaction, and these qualities are significantly affected by how birds are treated before, during and after slaughter. This chapter begins by explaining how, after slaughter, the decline of muscle pH and the develo...
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Breeding green super rice (gsr) varieties for sustainable rice cultivation
Improving low rice productivity in rainfed areas of Asia and Africa and sustaining rice productivity in irrigated rice lands are challenges in the coming decades for the global rice research community. Green Super Rice (GSR), rice cultivars that can produce high and stable yields under less input...
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Digital tools for assessing soil organic carbon at farm and regional scale
This chapter explores the digital tools for assessing soil organic carbon at farm and regional scale. It first reviews monitoring, reporting and verification frameworks, which is then followed by a discussion of the sampling strategies that can be used for soil organic carbon estimation. A sectio...
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Fulfilling the promise of sustainability certification: reflections from the rainforest alliance
Since the emergence of voluntary sustainability standards in the 1990s, certification has gone mainstream, boosting traceability, providing a platform for diverse stakeholders to collaborate, accelerating corporate due diligence policies and driving many on-farm improvements such as higher crop y...
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Understanding the development of the gut microbiome in pigs: an overview
Living organisms continuously and intimately interact with commensal microbial communities referred to as microbiota and microbiomes. These complex ecosystems provide their hosts with vital services. The gut microbiome develops and diversifies after birth in pigs, as in all mammals. The diversifi...
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Advances in energy-efficient lighting and ventilation for food production systems
Estimates are that 15 percent of agricultural production costs are energy related. The best way to lower these costs and cut energy consumption is by becoming energy smart. This chapter highlights energy-efficient lighting, considers potential of novel UV technology, acknowledges ventilation adva...
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Cocoa plant propagation techniques to supply farmers with improved planting materials
The availability of high-performance planting materials to cocoa farmers is an important part of a package of measures to improve the productivity of cocoa farms and thus the sustainability of the cocoa economy. This chapter reviews the methods, advantages and challenges of techniques of mass pro...
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Advances in decision support systems (dsss) for integrated pest management in horticultural crops
Decision support systems (DSS) are an vital tool in advancing the integrated management of horticultural pests. Whether the DSS support strategic, tactical or operational decisions, they can enable growers and their advisors to make difficult choices based on the best information on potential ris...
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The past, present and future of fusarium wilt of banana caused by tropical race 4
Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) Tropical Race 4 (TR4) is caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium odoratissimum. At present, the spread of TR4 has been documented in at least 21 countries throughout all major Cavendish banana-producing regions of the world. It seems inevitable that TR4 will c...
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Advances in understanding immune response in dairy cattle
From the beginning, cattle have made important contributions to the field of immunology, including the development of the first Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine for human tuberculosis in 1921. In 1981 the first report of a biosynthesized polypeptide vaccine against Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FM...
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Understanding and preventing spoilage of cow’s milk
Milk spoilage is essentially a result of inadequate control of the growth of microorganisms, combined with the activity of enzymes which have found their way into milk from production and processing environments. Microorganisms have developed strategies to survive and thrive in cold (psychrotroph...
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Organic potato cultivation
Organic potato cultivation requires a whole system perspective, with particular focus on rotation design. Producing organic potatoes relies strongly on indirect, preventive and long-term strategic measures for both plant nutrition and plant protection. This chapter examines all aspects of the pro...
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Effects of metabolic modifiers on beef carcass composition and meat quality
Metabolic modifiers are compounds that are either fed to animals or implanted to improve rate of gain, feed efficiency, dressing percent, carcass meat yield, visual meat quality, shelf life or meat palatability. This chapter presents a general review of the effects of metabolic modifiers on carca...
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Advances and challenges in sustainable apple cultivation
Developing sustainable apple cultivation is based on both a better knowledge of tree architecture and physiology in relation to fruiting, and on how the tree interacts with its abiotic and biotic environments. Improving knowledge in these domains is crucial to take into account the societal deman...
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Consumer trends in apple sales
Different participants in the global apple market have different goals. Consumer trends are influenced by numerous supply and demand factors. This chapter reviews the influence of suppliers and retailers on apple sales. It describes the global forces affecting apple demand. It explains the recent...
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The genetic diversity of mangoes
This chapter provides a list of the principal mango cultivars, selected on the basis of their local and global importance. The description of cultivars is based on evaluations conducted by Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden in Miami, Florida. The data reflects some 30 years of research. Descriptio...
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Conservation agriculture in the usa
Climate and soils determine where crop production is concentrated in the US. The climate is changing and conservation agriculture (CA) will be critical to guarantee sustainable soil and water management in the future. This chapter reviews evidences of a foundation of CA based agriculture in pre-C...
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Entomovectoring: using pollinators to spread biocontrol agents
In this chapter, we review the most important factors for successful entomovectoring. Several previous applications of the entomovectoring technology using two commercially used bumblebee species, Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, will be discussed. Finally, we will present a case study foc...
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Advances in developing vaccines for emerging diseases in pigs
The rise of emerging and re-emerging infectious pig diseases is due to various complex factors, including natural processes of natural selection of pathogens, changes in the environment and an increased ability to diagnose new pathogens. These diseases are considered a major threat to the global ...
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Exploring corporate weather accounting by the uk food retail industry
This chapter explores the extent to which companies in the UK food retail and production industries are disclosing information on weather-related risk, especially in relation to climate change-induced weather risk, in their annual/integrated reports, their sustainability (or equivalent) reports a...
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Regulatory frameworks and standards for agricultural robotics in the european union
Agricultural robotics is profoundly shaped by existing regulation, in particular relating to product safety certification, civil liability, and data access and usage. The chapter provides an overview of said topics, taking into account existing proposal for future regulation, namely the so-called...
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Advances in understanding soil erodibility
Soil erodibility refers to the vulnerability of a soil to erosion. This chapter discusses approaches to defining soil erodibility. It then reviews two key soil properties affecting erodibility: aggregate stability and shear stress stability. The chapter assesses individual and combined techniques...
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Conservation agriculture in central america, the caribbean and mexico
This chapter provides an overview of the actual level of Conservation Agriculture (CA) adoption in Central America, the Caribbean and Mexico. Estimated values in hectares under CA came from collaborators of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Nicaragua. The estimated total area under dif...
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Metabolomics as a powerful tool for coffee authentication
Detecting fraudulent adulteration of coffee is essential for both the industry and legislative authorities. Both parties are accountable for establishing quality standards through labelling, composition regulations and routine evaluation protocols to circumvent unfair competition among manufactur...
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Welfare of weaned piglets
Demands for improved animal welfare and animal handling systems from governments, non-government organizations and consumers are increasing. The weaning period in pork production has particular potential to positively impact animals. This chapter focuses on current practices that can be detriment...
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Optimizing disease management in fruit cultivation
Sustainable management of plant diseases is a perennial challenge for pome fruit and stone fruit producers in humid regions throughout the world. Delayed orchard profitability, decreased orchard longevity, reduction in fruit quality and unsalable fruit caused by fungal and bacterial diseases of t...
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Sustainable arthropod management for apples
Management of apple pests is a necessary and challenging part of crop production. Cosmetic and phytosanitary standards entail management of key pests to very low levels which are biologically difficult to sustain. This chapter begins by covering key pests. Such pests drive integrated pest manag...
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The role of crop rotation, intercropping and tillage practices for foliar disease management of wheat and barley
The great majority of modern agro-ecosystems comprise rotations of a small number of crop species where each year’s crop is a genetically uniform monoculture. The narrow genetic basis for disease resistance in modern cultivars increases the potential for pathogens to overcome this resistance and ...
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Quinone outside inhibitor fungicide resistance: selection patterns and the current situation
This chapter focuses on Qol fungicide resistance, specifically drawing attention to selection patterns and the current situation of Qol resistance. The chapter begins by describing the history of resistance and resistance mechanisms, then goes on to provide three case studies to describe differen...
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The role of egg turning in embryo development
This chapter examines the role of egg turning in embryo development. The chapter identifies the four main aspects of turning deemed crucial to successful integration. It first focuses on turning during the egg storage period, then moves on to highlight critical periods during the incubation perio...
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Integrated weed management in coffee production
Coffee plants show very low initial growth rates and are usually grown in large-spacing inter-rows, which makes the crop highly sensitive to weed species competition. Therefore, the weeds must be efficiently managed. Considering that coffee is grown in many different production-systems worldwide,...
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Improving the cultivation of pigeonpea
Production of pigeonpea is constrained by agronomic management techniques such as improper methods of sowing, incorrect sowing time, inadequate seed rate, insufficient weeding, imbalance of fertilization, inadequate intercultural operations, insufficient irrigation and inadequate use of fertilize...
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Understanding and optimizing the use of exogenous enzymes in pig nutrition
For more than 30 years, feed enzymes have been used to reduce ration formulation costs by saving on costly nutrients. In this chapter, the authors discuss how the enzymatic capacity of neonate and mature pigs can be augmented through the addition of protease and amylase in respect to the contrast...
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Organic grassland
Organic farming makes up an increasing share of agricultural and food systems. Within organic agriculture, grasslands are of particular importance because of their multiple benefits to soils, crops, livestock and ecosystems. In this chapter, we review the multifunctionality of grasslands in the c...
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Cultural techniques to control weeds in conservation agriculture systems
Weeds pose significant challenges limiting productivity and profitability in agricultural production systems. Properly managing these plants is fundamental in developing Conservation Agriculture systems, and incorporating ecological concepts must base a weed management program. Cultural practices...
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Pesticide residues in tea: challenges in detection and control
Tea growers require pesticides to prevent crop loss due to pest attacks, which are aggravated by climate change. As pesticides invariably leave residues, it is of utmost importance that samples of traded tea are monitored to ensure compliance to food safety standards. This chapter reviews researc...
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Embryo development and hatchery practice in poultry production
This collection reviews the latest research on embryo development, as well as the effects of incubation and the hatching stage on chick health, welfare and production traits.
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Biological indicators of soil health in organic cultivation
This chapter reviews the range of physical, chemical and biological indicators of soil health and how they can be used in practice, in this case focussing on measuring soil health in organic vegetable cultivation and, in particular, the effects of adding organic amendments to soil. Measures inclu...
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A balanced approach to commercial poultry breeding
Balanced selection aims to move all of the relevant traits of a breed in the direction of the preferred response. This approach takes into account performance traits of growth, yield and feed conversion, but also gives weight to fitness traits such as fertility, hatchability and early chick survi...
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Control of rodent pests in maize cultivation: the case of africa
Rodents cause significant damage to maize at sowing, seedling and maturity stages . The major rodent pest species of maize in Africa are Mastomys and Arvicanthis spp. Rodent management programmes in this continent have been reactive but have not considered the population ecology of the target spe...
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Assessing the sustainability of organic egg production
Organic food production has increased in popularity in the last few decades, although it still remains a small portion of global food production. As questions arise about the sustainability of conventional egg production systems with regard to environmental protection and animal welfare, there ha...
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Genomic selection, gene editing and genetic engineering for drought tolerance in cereals
This chapter provides the state of the art on genomic prediction of estimated breeding values (GEBV) for selection (or genomic selection) as well as on the use of genetic engineering for both gene editing and transgenic breeding in main cereals crops. Genomic selection has been successfully used ...
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Improving welfare assessment indicators and protocols for poultry
There have been considerable advances in welfare assessment in the past decades. This chapter explains some of the terminology related to welfare assessment and why the emphasis is moving towards including indicators of poultry welfare taken on the birds themselves rather than from the environmen...
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Micronutrients: advances in understanding manganese cycling in soils, acquisition by plants and ways of optimizing manganese efficiency in crops
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms acting as a metal co-factor for approximately 6% of all known metalloenzymes. Photosynthesis is very sensitive to disturbances in plant availability of Mn, and both Mn deficiency and toxicity lead to distinct disturbances withi...
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Energy consumption in plant factories with artificial lighting: concepts and pathways toward a sustainable future
This chapter will review published literature related to plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) energy consumption, provide detail on concepts around energy consuming systems, and give example case-studies with scenario analysis to illustrate the impacts of making energy efficient decis...
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Strengthening public-sector extension systems for smallholder farmers in kenya
This chapter discusses key issues and challenges in public extension services for smallholders and how challenges have been addressed. The discussion is made with particular reference to experiences in disseminating Conservation Agriculture-based technologies and practices generated from the Sust...
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Genetics and other factors affecting intestinal microbiota and function in poultry
The diverse intestinal microbiota of poultry plays critical roles in determining feed utilization, health, and diseases. A comprehensive understanding of how various factors shape the intestinal microbiota in poultry can help develop new dietary and managerial interventions to enhance bird growth...
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Moving up the scale: challenges in tropical agroforestry
From its early beginnings, agroforestry has moved from a ‘technology in search of a problem’ to a principal solution to critical global agendas, including climate-smart agriculture, agroecological intensification, land rehabilitation and payment for ecosystem services. This chapter addresses the ...
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Developments in proximal soil sensing for precision agriculture
Proximal soil sensing (PSS) systems have been developed to measure soil physical, chemical and biological attributes when placed less than 2 m from the soil surface. Various PSS solutions have been intensively used in construction, archeology and environmental assessment. Thus, deploying PSS syst...
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Improving supply chains to prevent food losses and waste: an overview
Wasting food is unsustainable from environmental, economic, social and ethical points of view. Curbing food losses and waste (FLW) amount would improve food chain sustainability and contribute to food security. For that, reducing FLW is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG...
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Advances in marker-assisted breeding of sugarcane
Sugarcane breeding has until very recently been based solely on phenotype, and marker-assisted breeding of sugarcane remains in its infancy compared with that of row crops such as maize and soybean. A major reason for this is the complex genetics of sugarcane. This chapter reviews the uses of DNA...
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Strategies and solutions to reduce emissions from layer production systems in europe
This chapter focuses on the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), ammonia, particulate matter (PM), odours and volatile organic compounds from layer production systems. It discusses the types of emissions and the factors affecting them. The chapter then provides an overview of the options to miti...
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Organic fertilizers and biofertilizers
In recent years, both in the European Union and in the world, there has been intense development of organic agriculture, whose aim is to produce high-quality crops and healthy food while maintaining the biological balance of agroecosystems. An alternative to chemical fertilizers are products of n...
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Advances in understanding cognition and learning in cattle
Understanding the cognitive capacities of cattle is central when designing husbandry environments and developing handling regimes. This chapter outlines the current knowledge on cattle learning and cognition, with special emphasis on their socio-cognitive capacities. Cattle easily learn features ...
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Microbiological services delivered by the pig gut microbiome
The gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in regulating pig health and growth. Understanding the functions performed by the microbiome is vital when considering it as a target to improve pig health and growth, a pursuit driven by the increasing regulation of traditional means of disease control...
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Advanced detection technologies for weed scouting
This chapter discusses advanced detection technologies for weed scouting. It starts by highlighting the current techniques that can be used to make optimising herbicide treatments more efficient, such as on-ground and remotely-sensed weed detection. The chapter then goes on to discuss the replace...
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The challenge of monitoring biodiversity in agricultural landscapes at the eu level
This chapter reviews current surveys of biodiversity in agricultural areas at the EU level. The chapter describes established surveys, ongoing pilots and plans for new surveys at the EU scale. The chapter assesses where we will stand in the short-medium term with our knowledge of agro-biodiversit...
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Advances in understanding the role of the soil microbiome’s effects on nitrogen cycling
Understanding the soil microbiomes function is critical for the sustainable provision of food and fibre and the prevention of undesirable environmental impacts. Nitrogen, an essential element for agricultural production, is cycled through the soil-plant continuum by the soil microbiome. Discrete ...
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Instant insights: alternatives to antibiotics in pig production
This collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on alternatives to antibiotics in pig production.
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Soil and nutrient management in grain legume cultivation
Due to their role in improving soil fertility, grain legumes can be integrated into farming systems as part of soil fertility management. This offers a potential pathway towards sustainable intensification. In this chapter we focus on how to maximize biological nitrogen fixation and yields of gra...
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Community-based management of tropical forests: lessons learned and implications for sustainable forest management
Community-based forest management (CBFM), also known as community forestry, social forestry, joint forest management or participatory forestry, has emerged in response to the concern that centralized forest ownership in most developing countries has failed to promote sustainable forest management...
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Sustainable use of switchgrass for biofuel
Switchgrass, a productive, perennial warm-season grass, native to much of North America, has much potential as a sustainable biofuel crop. The species is productive, has capacity to sequester carbon, and it offers supporting services such as filtering water and provisioning of wildlife habitat. C...
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Developments in algal processing
Macroalgae and microalgae, including cyanobacteria, are primarily photosynthetic organisms grown for the production of renewable biomass for foods, feedstocks, and high-value specialty chemicals. While there are differences in cultivating and harvesting macro- and microalgae due to scale, many of...
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The role of the dairy matrix in the contribution of milk and dairy products to the human diet
Milk and dairy products are an important part of the daily diet in many regions of the world due to their recognised contribution to the recommended intake of a variety of valuable nutrients, the amount of energy (calories) they provide and their ability to compensate for foods in the diet with l...
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State of the art in agri-food supply chain infrastructure design
Globalization, urbanization, and advances in the agricultural industry have put agri-food supply chain management (AFSCM), including agri-food chains and their associated organizations, on the agenda today. The main purpose of this study is to present the current developments in the literature by...
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Genetic and phenotypic improvements in temperate dairy systems: an overview
In the past 50 years, the dairy industry has benefitted from major advances in management, nutrition practices, reproductive technologies, and genetic selection. The refinement of selection indices over time has been shown to be an effective way to make progress on a variety of economically impor...
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Beef carcass grading and classification
This chapter reviews the three main beef carcass grading or classification systems used across three continents. These are used for a large proportion of beef production and processing in the world. One is the ‘EUROP’ system for EU countries, another is the USDA Beef Carcass Grading system in the...
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