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Improving the breeding, cultivation and use of sweetpotato in africa
Sweetpotato is a low-input crop with significant potential for improving public health and nutrition and developing food security in sub-Saharan Africa. This chapter examines the nutritional contribution made by OFSP (orange-fleshed sweetpotato) in poor rural communities in Malawi, Ghana, Nigeria...
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Good agricultural practices for maize cultivation: the case of west africa
Maize is the most important staple food crop for over 300 million people in sub-Saharan Africa but poor management practices and problems related to climate and soil quality mean that yields regularly fall below what is needed to feed the population. This chapter describes the effect of poor soil...
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Natural antifungal compounds for the control of diseases in wheat and other cereals
Secondary metabolites are essential when considering the ecological context in which an organism operates. They have an array of functions, related to signalling and dealing with biotic and abiotic stress situations. For defence against pathogenic fungi, plants can synthesize various metabolites....
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Enhancing the nutritional profile of eggs
The nutrients contained within the table egg can be easily modified or enhanced through the hen’s diet. As such, the egg represents an economically viable functional food that can be utilized to deliver potent bio-active components into the human diet. In this chapter, we review the major targets...
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Microarthropods as soil health indicators
This chapter briefly summarizes current knowledge on microarthropod abundance and diversity in soils, their roles in soil processes and ecosystem services, and the agricultural management practices affecting soil microarthropod community. It also provides an overview of sampling, extraction and i...
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Advances in understanding species ecology: phenological and life cycle modeling of insect pests
The modeling of insect phenology has been an important component of IPM decision support systems for several decades. This chapter describes general concepts and methods of the systems approach using applied phenology modeling as an example. The authors outline the steps of model construction fro...
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Advances in guide rna design for editing plant genomes using crispr-cas systems
This chapter discusses the general rules for selecting target sites for genome editing using the CRISPR-Cas technology and summarizes the bioinformatic tools that can be used to design sgRNA sequences.
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New techniques for managing postharvest diseases of fruit: physical, chemical and biological agents
Chemical fungicides are traditionally used to preserve the quality of fruit and vegetables during storage or transportation. However, the global concern about pesticide use and the reduced efficacy of chemicals due to pathogen-resistant strains have gradually led producers to evaluate safer alter...
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Disease management in poultry flocks
Diseases in intensive poultry flocks may occur due to viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, metazoan or arthropod infections or infestations. This chapter describes disease preventative measures, health monitoring and disease investigation techniques, and the management of sick meat chicken flocks...
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Developments in fractionation methods to improve extraction of aleurone or its beneficial compounds from wheat grain
In wheat grains, the aleurone layer is located between the peripheral tissues and the starchy endosperm and is rich in soluble proteins, minerals, lipids, vitamins and micronutrients and contains several compounds with antioxidant activities. However, along grain fractionation it is mainly recove...
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Advances in pest-resistant varieties of soybean
A number of insect pests have been threatening soybean production in North America, including lepidopteran defoliators, coleopteran defoliators and hemipteran sapsuckers. Among various control methods, host-plant resistance has been of the greatest interest as it is economically and environmental...
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Developing decision support systems for optimizing livestock diets in farms
Provision of safe and affordable food is in increasing demand. Society is also concerned about animal welfare and environmental problems caused by livestock. Balancing these conflicting objectives is a challenge, which requires multidisciplinary research to overcome. This chapter reviews the evol...
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Advances in assessing residues of perfluoroalkyl substances in foods
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants (POP) that can accumulate in food systems. This chapter examines their sources, detection, and mitigation strategies in food. Sources include environmental contamination through soil, water, and air, as well as animal fe...
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Developments in agrivoltaics: achieving synergies by combining plants with solar photovoltaic power systems
Agrivoltaics are renewable energy systems that combine food production with electricity generation from solar photovoltaics (PV). Research and development on agrivoltaics has increased steadily in recent years to address the questions: "How is crop production affected under PV panels?" and "How c...
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Benefits of conservation agriculture to farmers and society
Conservation Agriculture (CA) describes farming systems where the soil is not tilled, crop residues remain on the soil surface, and crop rotation is practised. CA emulates as closely as possible natural vegetation systems. This chapter presents the benefits of CA to farmers and society. The first...
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Understanding poultry social behaviour and its impact on animal welfare
Sociality was a prerequisite for domestication that allowed animals to remain in groups under human custody. The social group provides opportunities to find food, protection from predation or weather conditions. However, highly dense or large groups normally found in production environment, may i...
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Doubled haploid production in wheat
A doubled haploid is a genotype formed from haploid (n) cells through random chromosome doubling or artificially induced chromosome doubling methods. In vitro haploid production followed by chromosome doubling greatly enhances the production of homozygous wheat lines in a single generation and in...
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Assessing and managing the environmental and social impact of coffee production
This chapter reviews ways of measuring and improving the sustainability of coffee production systems, including good agricultural practices (GAP), life cycle assessment (LCA), ways of calculating the carbon footprint of coffee as well as methods for assessing social impacts. It also discusses way...
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Integrated disease management of barley
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production and protection that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use of pesticides. This chapter looks at how IPM can be applied to barley production, considering the diff...
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Assessing the environmental impact and sustainability of apple cultivation
The environmental impact of apple production is determined by regional enviro-pedo-climatic features and socio-political factors, but can also be managed through cultivation practices and inputs. Pesticides typically have the greatest environmental impact, but energy use from operating machinery ...
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Instant insights: fungicide resistance in cereals
This book reviews the development of resistance to the core group of fungicides used throughout global crop production. Chapters explore the mechanisms of resistance, as well as the challenges facing future fungicide development.
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Breeding barley for durable resistance to net and spot forms of net blotch
This chapter focuses on breeding barley for durable resistance to net and spot forms of net blotch. It starts by reviewing how Pyrenophora teres f. teres can cause net form net blotch. The chapter then goes on to examine the molecular markers that can be identified to provide resistances to net f...
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Nutrient requirements of broilers: an overview of factors affecting feed formulation
The information available on the nutrient requirements of broilers to maximize production or economics returns, is abundant but the data are often inconsistent because of factors such as the methodology used to estimate bird requirements and the differences in the nutritional value attributed to ...
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Advances in integrated weed management
This collection explores recent developments in integrated weed management (IWM) that embrace a more holistic, landscape-based agroecological approach, including the application of technology to allow more informed decision-making and more targeted solutions.
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Thermal weed control in conservation agriculture systems
The pursuit of sustainable agriculture has elevated the importance of Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems, which emphasize minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and maximum biodiversity/crop rotations. Traditional weed control methods, often reliant on chemical herbicides, face increa...
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Leveraging the qtlome to enhance climate change resilience in cereals
Global food security relies on the release of cultivars more resilient to the negative effects of abiotic stress caused by climate change. Attaining this daunting goal will require a substantial increase in selection gain achieved so far with conventional breeding. To this end, the identification...
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Chemical composition of coffee beans: an overview
This chapter provides an overview of the composition of green coffee beans and the changes associated with roasting and beverage production. The chapter focusses principally, but not exclusively, on more recent advances related to the major chemical components of coffee such as the chlorogenic ac...
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Understanding and improving protein traits in maize
Improving the nutritional quality of maize is necessary to meet the growing demands of maize consumption. Maize could be the main source of protein. Several parameters, however, limit the supply and quality of corn protein. This chapter reviews the mechanisms that determine these limitations, inc...
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Enhancing the flavour of poultry meat
Understanding the chemistry of poultry meat flavour and factors affecting poultry meat flavour is vital in order to produce the most flavourful and consistent product possible by preserving and/or enhancing the flavour of poultry meat. This chapter describes different mechanisms and chemical comp...
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Balancing pasture productivity with environmental and animal health requirements
Plant breeders face the significant challenge of developing high-performing pasture and supplementary feed crops that maintain the profitability of temperate grassland farming systems while reducing the environmental footprint and animal health issues. This chapter provides examples of where new ...
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Developing more integrated approaches in models assessing the impact of climate change on agriculture
Climate change impacts on agriculture will interact with those arising from socio-economic changes in complex ways. Understanding the consequences for agriculture requires an integrated (or holistic) modelling framework. Four key challenges in regional integrated modelling of agricultural systems...
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Advances in grazing management
This chapter explores advances in grazing management. First, grassland dry matter production is described, followed by a section on grass measurement adoption. Grazing infrastructure is then discussed. Next, grass growth prediction is highlighted, as well as grass swards and alternative sward spe...
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Advances in understanding the genetic and environmental factors determining seed longevity
Longevity is defined as the extent to which seeds can remain alive during storage. It is an essential seed trait that serves to bridge the time between seed abscission until germination, and underpins global agriculture and plant species conservation. Over the past decade, the research field in l...
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Consumer attitudes to cultured meat products: improving understanding and acceptance
This chapter reviews consumer attitudes to cultured meat products, focusing on improving understanding and acceptance of these products. Chapter 12 begins by examining the challenges regarding consumer acceptance of novel food technologies and cultured meat, drawing specific attention to perceive...
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Assessing the environmental impact of swine production
The swine production industry has reduced environmental impacts during the past 50 years due to productivity gains. However, there are increasing demands on our resource base, and we need robust tools to continue to support the best decisions in the face of environmental challenges. This chapter ...
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Reconciling agricultural production with biodiversity conservation
The first part of this volume assesses general issues such as landscape approaches, mapping and assessing the economic value of biodiversity. Part 2 reviews management practices promoting biodiversity such as field margins, hedgerows, improved pasture management and agroforestry.
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Advances in understanding and optimizing egg natural defenses against pathogens
The chicken egg is a valuable source of macronutrients and micronutrients of high interest for the human diet. Besides these nutrients, it also contains numerous bioactive molecules and a sophisticated antimicrobial defense system, that are initially required for the development and protection of...
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Sorghum breeding for abiotic stress tolerance
Sorghum is a major global crop for food, feed and biofuel. Globally, domesticated sorghum is often grown on marginal lands and in environments exposing the plant to temperature extremes and water deficits. Although sorghum exhibits better abiotic stress tolerances than many crops, significant sor...
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Managing grassland for forage production: an overview
In temperate agriculture, grasslands play an important role in the provision of forage for livestock. Management of these grasslands is vital in order to ensure that high-quality feed is available. This chapter reviews the short-, medium- and long-term management of grasslands, including stocking...
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Weed ecology in conservation agriculture systems: an overview
This chapter extensively explores the intricate dynamics of weed communities within the framework of Conservation Agriculture (CA). A review of weed density, shifts in species, and seedbank dynamics under CA reveals the challenges inherent in this agricultural system. The chapter underscores the ...
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Advances in understanding the nutraceutical properties of phenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables
This chapter reviews the range of phenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables. It assesses the effects on phenolic content of factors such as cultivar, stage of growth (ripening), cultivation practices such as use of bio-effectors, and post-harvest stages such as mechanical and thermal processing...
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Sustainable use of energy in greenhouses
Greenhouse crops are continuously under pressure of infestations by a wide range of pests and diseases. This chapter describes the myriad practices that can contribute to managing pests and diseases, and how to integrate these practices in an ecologically based integrated pest management (IPM) ap...
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Silicon as a biostimulant in agriculture
Silicon (Si) is a mineral element that is well known to protect plants against several environmental changes. While the exact mechanism is not known, beneficial responses across a broad range of crops highlight Si’s role in maintaining internal homeostasis. All plants accumulate Si to either macr...
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An overview of genetic improvement in bananas over the last century
Bananas were among the first crops cultivated by man and continue to be important for the livelihoods of millions of people throughout the tropics and subtropics. Yet many cultivars and landraces are susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetic resistance to diseases and pests is the best ...
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Conserving banana germplasm through field genebanks
The availability of true-to-type, pest- and disease-free planting material is fundamental to successful banana cultivation. It ensures that crops will not succumb to pathogens introduced at planting. This chapter examines the key issues in the selection, establishment and management of a field ge...
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Fungal diseases affecting potato storage
Fungal and oomycete pathogens responsible for causing potato storage diseases are both numerous and ubiquitous wherever potatoes are grown. These diseases can result in losses of 5–10% during storage, with additional losses caused in the field in subsequent growing seasons for affected seed crops...
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Progress in understanding fungal diseases affecting sugarcane: smut
Amongst the relevant issues impacting sugarcane agricultural practices are fungal diseases, such as sugarcane smut, that constitute a worldwide threat to the cultivation. Smut is caused by the biotrophic fungus Sporisorium scitamineum. After providing a historical perspective on the disease, this...
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The rumen as a modulator of immune function in cattle
The rumen and its microbiome play essential roles in supplying key nutrients, such as energy, protein, minerals and vitamins, to the host and also shapes the cow’s immune system. Rumen health disorders, such as subacute ruminal acidosis, cause ruminal dysbiosis provoking epithelial barrier dysfun...
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What is ‘drought stress’ and what are options to increase crop yield?
‘Drought’ is vague and ill-defined term that fails to account for the temporal dynamics through the growing seasons due to variable weather conditions, soil water status, plant development stage, and crop growth conditions. These variables all lead to an infinity of responses to water deficit. ...
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Developing effective phytosanitary measures to prevent the introduction of invasive insect pests
This chapter aims to provide a definition of phytosanitary measures, why they are needed, how standards for phytosanitary measures developed through international cooperation and how they relate to international agreements. It aims to explain how policy decision making and the management of invas...
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Advances in disease-resistant wheat varieties
The strategies used in breeding disease-resistant wheat are informed by the importance and frequency of the disease, availability of resistant germplasm, genetics of resistance and means of selecting for resistance. Gene mapping to identify regions of the genome controlling important traits has b...
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The use of unmanned aerial systems (uass) in precision agriculture
The rapid development of small unmanned aerial systems (UASs) in recent years has triggered considerable interest in their application for precision agriculture. The decreasing cost, the ultra-high spatial resolution and the increased flexibility of image acquisition have made UAS remote sensing ...
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Coffee tree growth and environmental acclimation
In this chapter, some aspects of coffee growth and development as well as the recent advances in the environmental physiology of growth and production are reviewed. The information deals with both Coffea arabica and C. canephora, which together account for 99% of coffee bean production worldwide....
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Advances in understanding the cellular basis of feed efficiency in poultry muscle
Feed efficiency is a complex and very important genetic trait in broiler production. Content in this chapter is an overview of over 20 years of research of investigating mitochondrial physiology, gene and protein expression that enables a ‘proteogenomic picture’ to be ‘painted’ to aid in understa...
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Understanding soil organic carbon dynamics at larger scales
This chapter focuses on the effects of biotic and abiotic factors controlling soil organic carbon dynamics at continental to global scales. On the side of natural effects, it highlights processes that can control carbon inputs, turnover and stabilization in soils. On the side of anthropogenic eff...
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Advances in pest risk assessment techniques focusing on invertebrate pests of european outdoor crops
Pest Risk Assessments (PRAs) provide a simple evidence-based evaluation of risk posed by one or more pests to crops and can support farmers and farm advisors in developing integrated pest management strategies. By providing a structured approach to estimating the likelihood of pests infesting cro...
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Metabolic services of intestinal microbiota of swine: metabolism of carbohydrates and bile salts
Vertebrate animals are holobionts and their physiology and metabolism are influenced by their commensal microbiota. Gut microbiota and their metabolites play a key role in the host defense against pathogenic microorganisms, shape the immune system, and impact the resistance to chronic disease. Th...
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Diseases affecting tea plants
Tea plantations are attacked by a number of pathogens which reduce yields and shorten the lifespan of tea bushes. This chapter reviews major diseases which pose a threat to tea production. It considers recent advances in disease diagnosis, understanding of host-pathogen interactions and managemen...
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Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in south asia
This chapter reviews the vulnerability to climate change of the key agricultural sector in South Asian countries. After looking at India as an example of how to assess the specific impact of climate change on agriculture, the chapter summarises the ways climate change affects basic plant processe...
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The use of allelopathy and competitive crop cultivars for weed suppression in cereal crops
Due to the rise of herbicide resistance, diverse weed management tools are required to ensure sustainable weed control. This chapter focuses on competitive cereal crops and cultural strategies for weed management, including the use of weed-suppressive cultivars, post-harvest crop residues, and co...
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Understanding the role of diet/food as a source of potentially harmful chemicals within the exposome
The intake of chemical substances through food is a critical component of the chemical exposome as food is a considerable source of chemicals and the perfect vehicle for daily and continuous exposure. Traditional dietary exposure assessment methods are still essential tools for understanding and ...
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Poultry embryo development and skeletal growth
The objective of this chapter is to present scientific evidence indicating the importance of incubation conditions on skeletal development, leg health, and locomotion. The first section will describe embryo bone development in avian species, its regulation, and the interaction effects of the envi...
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Understanding gut function in poultry: immunometabolism at the gut level
In poultry production, a trade-off has been made between growth and efficiency on the one hand, and immune potential and disease resistance on the other. The emerging field of immunometabolism, brought to the fore by research into human metabolic syndrome and cancer, is an opportunity in poultry ...
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Understanding chicken learning and cognition and implications for improved management
The overview of research on the learning and cognitive abilities of chickens provided here reveals some complex cognitive processes which often surprises people not familiar with chicken behaviour. As a precocial species, domestic chicks quickly learn from the individuals and environment around t...
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Ensuring and exploiting genetic diversity in rice
Genetic diversity is the basis for all advances in breeding and genetic improvement and represents an insurance policy for dealing with disaster. In the context of a changing climate, breeders are under increased pressure to selectively expand the genetic base of the varieties they develop to enh...
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Disease management in cereals using biocontrol agents
Cereals are challenged by many fungal and bacterial diseases, some of which can be most destructive, threatening food security and, when considering mycotoxin accumulation, also food safety. The application of antifungal and antibacterial chemicals, the development of resistant varieties and cult...
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Improving modeling of nutrient cycles in crop cultivation
This chapter describes nutrient cycle modelling for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and is not meant to be a review of existing nutrient models. Most of these existing models were designed to predict the effects of N and P on crop growth response. Given the importance of N in glo...
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Optimizing yields in tomato cultivation: maximizing tomato plant use of resources
The operation of leaf stomata affects a plant’s photosynthesis, transpiration and respiration, and allows vegetable dry matter to be produced, which is required for production of the tomato fruit. The opening and closing of the stomata can be affected by various factors, and this in turn can have...
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Integrating biophysical and hydraulic models to assess the agronomic and environmental impacts of precision irrigation
Precision irrigation offers scope to save water, improve yields and support the sustainable intensification of agriculture. It could also contribute to the sector’s transformation to reduce the environmental impacts of food crop production linked to nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions....
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Stick your wellies on: messy development and co-design processes with england’s new environmental land management (elm) policy
Following the UK’s departure from the European Union, new Agricultural and Environmental Acts were passed providing legal frameworks for new policy actions in these areas. This chapter focuses specifically on the ongoing development of England’s new Environmental Land Management (ELM) schemes. Th...
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The genotype-by-environment interaction on crop growth simulator model
The Genotype-by-Environment interaction on CROp growth Simulator (GECROS) is a generic crop model that specifically addresses carbon-nitrogen, root-shoot, and source-sink interactions to predict crop responses to weather variables and soil water and nitrogen supply. GECROS uses relatively few, ea...
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Understanding the contribution of milk constituents to the texture of dairy products: cheese
Milk is an important part of the human diet. Milk constituents have excellent nutritional and technological properties and can be easily processed into a wide variety of products. Cheese is produced throughout the world and is available in a great diversity of flavours and textures. During cheese...
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Insect pests and integrated pest management techniques in grain legume cultivation
Cowpea is a major staple legume food crop grown and consumed in the dry savanna regions of sub-Saharan West Africa. Cowpea provides much-needed income to both farmers and traders; cowpea grain is also a major source of protein for the growing human populations, particularly, women, infants and ch...
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Advances in crop disease forecasting models
Diseases are widespread and destructive, causing severe yield quantity and quality losses, increasing agricultural production costs, and cumulative human health and environmental risks and impacts. Climate change is anticipated to exacerbate current losses, by introducing complexity and uncertain...
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Instant insights: developing immunity in poultry
This collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on developing immunity in poultry.
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Seed systems management in cassava cultivation
A sustainable cassava seed system will ensure that high-quality seeds of farmer-demanded varieties and crops are produced and fully available on time and affordable to farmers and other stakeholders. This chapter describes the production and management of high-quality cassava seed under both info...
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Production of doubled haploid lines for hybrid breeding in maize
The production of genetically homozygous inbred lines is essential for hybrid maize breeding. There is a strong interest in the use of DH lines in research and maize breeding due to their many advantages compared to inbred lines produced by the traditional method of recurrent selfing. This chapte...
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Weed management in sorghum cultivation
Sorghum is, and will remain, an important crop in the USA, especially in marginal environments due to its low input requirements and high resilience. Weed management is a key production challenge for sorghum, and the herbicide tools available are very limited, particularly for post-emergence (POS...
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Advances in the use of ozone in the disinfection of horticultural produce
Fruit and vegetables are recognised for their health-promoting properties, while at the same time being associated with numerous bacterial illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens. A sanitation step is crucial to ensure that the produce is safe for consumption. Ozone has been identified as a feasi...
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Organic dairy farming: key characteristics, opportunities, advantages and challenges
As the organic dairy farming sector grows across Europe, it is necessary to continuously review its various merits and challenges within the organic sector and in comparison with conventional farming methods. Drawing together empirical findings from across the Europe, this chapter summarises some...
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Nutrient management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems
Nutrient cycling is considered as a key agroecosystem service of Conservation Agriculture (CA). CA brings together major nutrients and organic matter fluxes within the soil-micro-organism-plant system. It also generates organic and inorganic nutrient pools accessible through new biological pathwa...
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Fungal diseases of fruit: apple cankers in europe
The cultivated apple, Malus x domestica (syn. Malus pumila), is prone to a plethora of fungal diseases. In this chapter, the authors explore those that cause canker diseases of apple in Europe with particular focus on European apple canker caused by Neonectria ditissima. The authors discuss N. di...
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Poultry welfare monitoring: group-level technologies
Commercial poultry are frequently kept in groups of thousands of individuals where tagging or identifying every bird is logistically impossible. Group, rather than individual, level approaches to assessing their health and welfare are therefore currently the most feasible. This chapter covers the...
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Developing cultured meat as a food product
This chapter examines developing cultured meat as a food product. It first focuses on the importance of meat structure when considering the development of cultured meat products, which is then followed by an analysis of appearance and consumer attitudes. The chapter also reviews the importance of...
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The use of soil stabilizers to prevent erosion
Soil and water conservation is essential for sustaining agricultural production and for protecting the soil ecosystem. This chapter discusses an alternative approach for soil erosion mitigation, which advocates modification of soil properties that are linked to processes that control degradation ...
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Advances in carrot breeding
The carrot (Daucus carota L.) is an important temperate root crop that has undergone many years of breeding. This chapter first provides a background to the origin of this species, going on to describe the main types of cultivars. The large number of wild relatives of carrot are also discussed. S...
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Breeding cassava for higher yield
Cassava is a root crop that adapts well to a wide range of environments. A key factor for grower decisions regarding when to plant cassava is whether a profit can be expected from the crop; increasingly, only cassava growers with high productivity can survive in the volatile price environment. Th...
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Antibiotics and gut function: historical and current perspectives
Antibiotics play a central role in human health, and the sensitivity of bacteria to these compounds is a natural resource that must be husbanded to keep from losing their effectiveness from increasing antibiotic resistance in the environment. This chapter places the use of antibiotics in poultry ...
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The european spruce bark beetle
This book reviews current research on understanding and controlling the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus), one of the most important threats facing forests in Europe and North America.
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Developing decision support systems (dss) for farm soil and crop management
This chapter provides a review of decision support systems (DSS) in agriculture and addresses several key questions about them. Why are they important, and why are they necessary for the future? What kind of systems currently exist? Different aspects of agricultural DSS design, implementation and...
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Challenges and opportunities in pear breeding
Although pear (Pyrus spp.) is an economically important fruit worldwide, pear cultivars and production practices have been among the slowest of the temperate fruits to change to meet modern consumer demands and labor-efficient orchard realities. In the United States, the majority of the pear orch...
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Effect of far-red light on improving yields of tomatoes produced in vertical farms
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the major crops cultivated globally and one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. While open field production is the primary method for producing freshly consumed tomatoes, protected environment production has seen rapid expansion in recent...
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Developing millet-based cereal products with enhanced nutritional properties
There is a growing awareness today about climate change and its expected ravaging effects on agricultural productivity, food production and ultimately, food and nutrition security. Against this backdrop, drought-tolerant hardy crops are gaining importance as significant sources of food and nutrit...
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Genes associated with functional traits in poultry: implications for sustainable genetic improvement
Poultry production primarily focuses on the supply of saleable products. Meat and eggs are classified as production traits and are the focus of improvement in poultry breeding organizations, while the functional traits of birds have received much less attention. However, over the past decade, the...
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Promoting carbon sequestration in soils: the importance of soil, region and context-specific interventions
Despite the importance of soil C reservoirs, global estimates of soil C stocks to different depths (0.5, 1, 2 or 3 m) are highly variable, obtained by diverse and non-standard procedures and are not available at all for several key ecosystems. Soil C stocks, which vary over time and space and wit...
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Controlling aflatoxins in maize in africa: strategies, challenges and opportunities for improvement
Maize is subject to pre- and post-harvest contamination with aflatoxins, which are acutely toxic, immunosuppressive, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic compounds. This chapter describes in detail the current strategies employed for aflatoxin control and the challenges associated with them, i...
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Banana red rust thrips
This chapter gives an in depth overview of what the pest management practices are in conventional banana production systems before outlining the alternative practices in organic banana production systems. An overview is provided of the challenges and limitations of Red Rust thrips control, while ...
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Advances in greenhouse design
Greenhouses are effective structures for producing high-value crops since they use natural resources as well as production inputs very efficiently. Consequently, greenhouses occupy large areas of the world. This chapter examines recent developments in greenhouse designs on three relevant producti...
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Cause and prevention of injurious pecking in chickens
Poultry is the most widely farmed land animal, comprising over 80% of the main livestock populations. The high prevalence of injurious pecking (IP) in poultry is a major concern from animal welfare, societal, and economic points of view. IP is defined as bird-to-bird pecking that results in or ha...
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Green feed in organic pig farming
An organic diet based on regionally produced feed components is a fundamental goal in organic pig production. There is a huge unexploited potential in implementing local produced “green feed components” in organic pig diets as a sustainable alternative to the current high reliance on concentrates...
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