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Key issues in dairy herd health management
Dairy herd health management benefits dairy farmers, the environment, dairy cows and citizens. It is an important part of modern dairy farm veterinary care. Dairy herd health management is assessing, monitoring and improving the health of dairy cows at a population level. Good herd health managem...
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Modelling and decision support systems in precision agriculture
Decision support systems (DSSs) are computerized systems, including models and databases, for decision-making purposes. In a precision agriculture (PA) framework, spatial and temporal requirements for DSSs are of particular importance but dealing with uncertainties and human aspects leading to ad...
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Women smallholders and technology: facilitating access to improve farm productivity and profitability
There are numerous studies on the interlinkage between gender and agricultural productivity and gender and agricultural technology adoption. However, most of these studies use the sex of the household head as a gender indicator, which ends up dismissing the contributions of males in female-headed...
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Genomic selection in poultry breeding using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction
Single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) aims to eliminate the bias in BLUP by considering phenotypic, pedigree, and genomic information jointly. In ssGBLUP this is done by combining pedigree and genomic relationships into a single relationship matrix. ssGLBLUP has become a tool of choice because of hi...
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Key challenges in maize breeding in sub-saharan africa
Development, release and commercialization of improved maize varieties has improved tremendously in the last two or three decades in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Nevertheless, major challenges remain; these are described in this chapter, and strategies by which they may be overcome are proposed. Wi...
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Advances in sensor technology for sustainable crop production
This collection reviews key advances in sensor technology, including developments in proximal and remote sensing techniques to measure and monitor crop health, weeds and diseases.
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Weed management in grain legume cultivation
The importance of managing weeds in a grain legume crop is critical for obtaining optimum yield. All grain legumes are relatively poor competitors with weeds and thus are prone to yield reductions when grown in the presence of weeds. This chapter outlines the nature and challenges of weed interfe...
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Improved grazing systems for optimum sheep nutrition and health
This chapter highlights ways of thinking holistically about grass and forage. Getting the system right has huge implications for the sustainability of the sheep sector, in terms of health, production, economics, environmental impact and social cohesion. This chapter focuses on seven elements that...
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Weed management in no-tillage vegetable cultivation: using the sistema de plantio direto de hortaliças to achieve an agroecological transition
This chapter describes cultivation of vegetables using the no-tillage cultivation system developed in Brazil (SPDH+: Sistema de Plantio Direto de Hortaliças). Based on agroecological principles, this allows more sustainable cultivation of vegetables without reliance on synthetic fertilizers and p...
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Improving sheep wool quality
Wool is a natural fibre produced by nearly 500 different sheep breeds. Mean fibre diameter is the most important wool quality parameter and has the largest influence on the value of wool. Wool fibre competes with synthetic, cellulosic and cotton fibre consumption, and currently makes up 1.2% of w...
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Advances in conservation agriculture volume 3
Conservation Agriculture (CA) seeks to understand the ecological basis of sustainability, whilst making better use of soil as a key resource in farming. Following on from previous volumes that discussed the systems, science, practice and benefits of CA, Volume 3 reviews the adoption and spread of...
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Rehabilitating degraded and abandoned agricultural lands with conservation agriculture systems
Soil degradation worldwide is a serious concern since global demands for food production and security and environmental preservation have increased substantially. In Brazil, intensive tillage, low soil cover and residue input, monocropping, soil organic matter depletion, erosion, compaction and s...
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Methods for detecting pathogens in the beef food chain: an overview
The main food-borne pathogens of concern in the beef chain are Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Salmonella; other pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. may also be present. Furthermore, the occurrence and development of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) p...
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Traceability in the beef supply chain
Traceability, or rapid access to knowledge of the history, treatment and location of cattle and beef products through supply chains, is of paramount importance to food safety investigations, corrective actions and product recalls. This chapter defines traceability as applied to beef before descri...
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Advances in foliar fertilizers to optimize crop nutrition
Foliar fertilizer sprays are increasingly used in agriculture for improving crop yield and quality, and also for improving plant performance under potential abiotic and/or biotic stress threats. This chapter focuses on new findings related to the nature of plant surfaces as a barrier for the abso...
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Advances in understanding pathogens contaminating horticultural produce
There is an overall trend in most of the developed countries that confirms the rise in the number of microbial contamination outbreaks associated with fresh products. Major contributing factors are global consumer demand, increasing worldwide trade and the development of new molecular tools that ...
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Developing improved varieties of faba bean
The faba bean is an important cool-season food legume crop grown under different cropping systems for dry grain and green pods, animal feed and a green manure worldwide. This chapter presents the major research achievements in producing new varieties of faba bean tolerant of heat, drought and her...
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Genome editing of tomatoes and other solanaceae
To ensure populations have sufficient, safe, and nutritious food requires a concerted effort that involves politics, economics, farming practices, and enhancement of crops to withstand abiotic and biotic pressures yet remain productive. Keeping pace with population size and stresses imposed by c...
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Advances in modelling pathogen behaviour in fresh produce
This chapter examines advances in modelling pathogen behaviour in fresh produce. It begins by first reviewing modelling spoilage of fresh produce, then goes on to discuss modelling pathogen behaviour in fresh produce, focusing specifically on growth modelling and pathogen inactivation. A section ...
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Diseases affecting wheat: wheat blast
This chapter describes the characteristics, origin and spread of the causative agents of wheat blast, based on the experience of managing this disease in Brazil (where the first wheat blast epidemic was reported, in 1985, which still causes great losses). Although many aspects of the disease’s oc...
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The use of bacteria in integrated weed management
Annual grass weeds are increasing as a dominant weed species in the western United States, Canada and Mexico. Downy brome, one of the most widespread, invasive annual grass weeds, negatively affects cereal yields, reduces forage quality in grazing lands, degrades rangelands, and increases the fir...
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Advances in fingerprint and rapid methods for improved traceability in agri-food supply chains
Agri-food supply and value chain markets have become increasingly complex due to the changes in consumers demands, the development of complex food standards associated with food safety and quality, advances in technology (e.g. big data, machine learning), and changes in the food industry structur...
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Advances in breeding for improved cultivars of turfgrass
Turfgrass breeding efforts are aimed at developing new turfgrass varieties adapted to a wide range of geographic regions with excellent seed or sod production, improved stress and pest tolerance, and elite turf quality under high, medium, and low maintenance practices. Various cooperative testing...
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The role of microbes in tea cultivation
Tea crops can suffer from nutrient deficiencies, attack by a variety of pests and pathogens and climatic stresses, which result in considerable crop losses. However, the application of synthetic chemicals to alleviate crop loss has exerted a detrimental impact on the tea ecosystem. Plant growth–p...
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Mechanisms of drought tolerance in rice
Rice is especially sensitive to drought stress during reproductive growth. Drought mitigation, through development of drought- resistant varieties with higher yields, will be the key factor to improve stable rice production. This chapter reviews the following topics: mechanisms of drought resista...
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Progress in understanding and managing insect pests affecting sugarcane
This chapter describes major achievements in pest management in sugarcane agroecosystems based on applied research conducted in different countries. The focus of the chapter is on two major groups of pests: stalk borers (Lepidoptera) and white grubs (Coleoptera). Chapter sections address determin...
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Managing poultry litter to improve safety and reduce environmental impact
Poultry litter can be both a low-cost and nutrient-rich fertilizer for farming and a possible vector for environmental or microbiological hazards, highlighting the importance of proper treatment or handling the poultry litter. This chapter explores the microbiological quality and safety aspects o...
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Zoonoses affecting poultry: the case of salmonella
Salmonella is a major causative organism of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, and most cases are caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked poultry products. In response to public concern, many countries have introduced survey and control programmes for Salmonella in poultry. However, it ...
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Trends in consumer preference for locally sourced food products
Recent years witnessed an increase in academic, policy and consumer interest in local foods. Yet, overwhelmingly positive attitudes toward local foods are often not translated into purchases. This chapter reviews the literature regarding the conceptualization of local food as well as consumer mot...
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Nutritional strategies to optimize reproductive performance of the highly prolific sow
The feeding of a prolific sow is a complex process that involves proper nutrient formulation, feed delivery, and an understanding of the biological challenges that she will undergo within her lifetime. In addition, the timeframe in which a sow within the herd is productive is spent predominantly ...
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Official control of poultry processing operations: a european perspective
This chapter is about official control of poultry processing operations from a European perspective. Official control is a cornerstone of food safety, fair trade, animal health and welfare. In poultry processing, official control comprises of ante- and post-mortem inspections of poultry and food ...
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Advances in marker-assisted breeding of apples
Breeding and selecting new improved cultivars by exploiting natural genetic diversity is an essential route forward in ensuring sustained and sustainable apple production. There can be no doubt that breeders have an expanding set of tools at their disposal to achieve these goals with the advent o...
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Wheat genetic resources: global conservation and use for the future
The importance of wheat to the global food supply means that many institutions across the world hold collections of wheat germplasm to study and preserve wheat genetic material. This chapter describes a global ex situ conservation strategy to assess the status of wheat genetic resources held by i...
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Global positioning systems (gps) for agriculture: an overview
The essence of a global positioning system is the ability to define a location anywhere on Earth in terms of three coordinates. The calculation is performed in terms of Cartesian axes including one through the poles, but the result is transformed into local coordinates that include height. This c...
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Developing climate-based decision support systems from agricultural systems models
Decision Support Systems (DSSs) in production agriculture are computer software programs that make use of models and other information to make site-specific recommendations for farm management-related activities. Major advances have been made in developing DSS for agriculture, particularly with r...
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The proteins of milk
Milk and milk processing have been researched for many years and, today, milk proteins are probably the best characterized of all food proteins. This chapter provides an overview of major and minor milk proteins, the methods used to prepare milk protein fractions in the laboratory and the milk pr...
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Biodiversity considerations in the marine aquaculture and fisheries industries
The marine aquaculture and fisheries industries play an important role in global food security and nutrition. However, the natural (aquatic) resources are subjected to over-exploitation. The marine ecosystem also faces significant biodiversity threats that impact the long-term viability and susta...
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Dna-based screening of brassica germplasm for sustainable and enhanced crop production
The Brassica genus contains many agriculturally important oilseed and vegetable crops. Brassica germplasm, including natural accessions and breeding populations, are maintained globally for sustainable management and enhancement of Brassica crop production which is critical to meet the demands of...
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Certifying sustainability in oil palm cultivation
In recent years, transnational private regulations, aimed at implementing sustainable development principles, have emerged across several commodity sectors. To address the growing environmental and social concerns raised by oil palm expansion, the sector has adopted voluntary sustainability stand...
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Nematodes associated with maize
Plant-feeding, or plant-parasitic, nematodes are ubiquitous in soils that support plant growth, and at least one species is usually present in association with the roots or shoots of maize. However, the macro-effects of phytophagous nematodes are notoriously difficult to test and measure, and de...
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Weed management in organic crop cultivation
Managing weeds in organic production systems is critical to the economic success of organic farmers, as well as long-term ecological sustainability. Problems with weeds are a major reason why organic operations fail, or never get started. This chapter provides an overview of the range of tools an...
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Ecological network approaches for promoting pollinators in agriculture
Interactions between plants and pollinators, and thus pollination, are network-based processes. Many early studies of plant-pollinator networks focused on interactions within agroecosystems, providing a substantial knowledge-base around agricultural pollinators and how they can be promoted. There...
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Developing drought- and heat-tolerant varieties of grain legumes
Despite the complexity imposed by the polygenic nature of plant tolerance to drought and to heat, significant strides have been made in understanding the underlying response and adaptation of plants to these stresses. Together with advanced and accessible technologies such as next-generation sequ...
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Insects as alternative sources of protein for food and feed
This collection reviews the wealth of current research on the use of insect species as sources of protein in both human and animal diets. The book considers recent advances in the production and application of black soldier flies, yellow mealworms and other insects primarily as feed for swine, po...
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Ruminal viruses and extrachromosomal genetic elements
The rumen contains a complex microbial ecosystem populated by prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and eukaryotes (protozoa and fungi) highly adapted to the fermentation of solely herbivorous feeds, and to survival in a gut environment. In the rumen there are also dense viral populations which both...
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Advances in optical analysis for crop phenotyping
Plant phenotyping technologies have been developing rapidly in the last decades. Among various phenotyping technologies, optical sensing such as RGB, multi-spectral and hyperspectral imaging have become popular and widely applied in different applications. In this chapter, these optical sensors a...
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Genome-wide association studies (gwas) in wheat
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become a very popular method for dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits in plants, including wheat. The benefits of GWAS are a relatively detailed mapping resolution and that no population development is required. The surge of interest in GWAS h...
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Advances in pest and disease management in greenhouse cultivation
Greenhouse crops are continuously under pressure of infestations by a wide range of pests and diseases. This chapter describes the myriad practices that can contribute to managing pests and diseases, and how to integrate these practices in an ecologically based integrated pest management (IPM) ap...
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Advances and challenges in strawberry genetic improvement
The commercial strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is a popular temperate fruit that is both nutritious and widely appreciated for flavour. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight some of the newest innovations in strawberry production with particular emphasis on genetic improvement of the crop....
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The role and application of olfaction in crop plant–pollinator interactions
This chapter introduces the background and theory underpinning use of odours by insects in pollination, discusses how flowers produce odours and highlights issues specific to crops such as selective breeding. It then explores current technologies and case studies in which natural or synthetic odo...
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Developing effective training and certification schemes for improving on-farm dairy cattle welfare
This chapter discusses developing effective training and certification schemes for improving on-farm dairy cattle welfare. It begins by reviewing the selection of measures that can be used for assessing animal welfare, focusing firstly on animal-based measures, then moves on to review resource an...
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Digestive kinetics of feedstuffs in broiler chickens
Growth performance of broiler chickens may be sub-optimal because starch is digested too rapidly and protein too slowly. This chapter reviews how a better understanding of digestive kinetics can address this challenge and contribute to least-cost formulation of broiler diets to enhance chicken-me...
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Closed-loop precision farming technologies to optimize resource use
Agriculture continues to play an integral role in the growth of the economy of any country, not only as a means of livelihood for the population but also as their main source of food. Therefore, identifying strategies that can promote the productivity of agriculture is a key priority as it enhanc...
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Developments in physical weed control
Physical weed control is the key method for reducing negative impacts of weeds in organic cropping systems, and remains important even on many conventional vegetable farms. Inter-row cultivation is generally effective, but controlling intra-row weeds remains a challenge. Well-timed use of torsion...
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The role of herbicide-resistant crops in integrated weed management
Herbicide-resistant (HR) crops have been a boon for farmers who have adopted them as they provided simple, flexible and economical tool to manage a broad spectrum of weeds and weeds resistant to other herbicides. This chapter reviews the major types of HR crop (commercialized or under development...
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Improving fungicide use in integrated fruit disease management
With the rapid emergence of resistance to the limited number of fungicide classes in many pathogenic fungi, improving stewardship of extant fungicides is a priority. Resistance management strategies, species identification, application timing and delivery of FRAC guidelines to stakeholders can al...
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Greenbug (schizaphis graminum): an overview
Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major insect pest of cereal grains on the southern Great Plains of the United States. This chapter summarizes greenbug life history and biology, provides a description of the direct and indirect crop injury caused by greenbug to...
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Modeling weed population dynamics in conservation agriculture systems
We have available a relatively rich arsenal of platforms (satellites, airplanes, UAVs, combines, ATVs), sensors and image processing procedures to detect weeds at various spatial and temporal scales. Up to now these technologies have been mainly used for map-based targeted herbicide spraying, imp...
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Biostimulant action of protein hydrolysates on crops
Protein hydrolysates are a category of plant biostimulants containing a mixture of polypeptides, oligopeptides and amino acids that are manufactured from animal or plant derived-protein sources using partial hydrolysis. Protein hydrolysates are used for foliar applications and to a lesser extent ...
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Instant insights: septoria tritici blotch in cereals
This collection features four peer-reviewed reviews of septoria tritici blotch in cereals.
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Improving water productivity in rainfed agriculture: challenges and opportunities for small-scale farmers in dry lands
There is growing global recognition of the need to improve agricultural water management if we are to achieve sustainable food production systems which ensure future food security whilst maintaining ecosystem services, strengthening capacity for adaptation to climate change and averting degradati...
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Understanding and exploiting genetics of tropical tree species for restoration of tropical forests
The development of sound conservation and regeneration strategies depends on the exploitation of genetic variation of tropical trees. Patterns of genetic variation have been assessed in field trials and at molecular markers only for a few main plantation species such as eucalypts. Preliminary evi...
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Advances in understanding fungal contamination in cereals
Cereals are food security crops because of their high nutritive values for energy (carbohydrate-based energy) and other nutrients (proteins) and their long-term storability. They constitute the main food staples in many parts of the world and are primary animal feed ingredients. Cereal production...
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Types of silvopastoral system: an overview
In temperate regions, as the main agricultural land uses are livestock grazing or tillage, the most applicable agroforestry practices are silvopastoral systems (where trees are grown in grazed or mown pasture in a regular or varied pattern) and silvoarable systems (where trees or shrubs are grown...
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Incorporating genetics into crop models to identify new phenotypes adapted to climate change
This chapter proposes a framework to develop new genotype (G) x management (M) technologies (G x M) to adapt to climate change, and to transition from current to future G x M technologies in a way that future food security does not come at the expense of current food security. The framework integ...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of sugarcane volume 1
Sugarcane is the source of 80% of the world’s sugar. This volume reviews key research on improving sugarcane production, focussing on enhancing cultivation techniques such as irrigation and nutrient management as well as measuring and improving sustainability.
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Maximizing the efficiency of ribulose bisphosphate (rubp) regeneration to optimize photosynthesis in crops
Photosynthesis provides the carbon and energy for crop growth and many investigators are working to improve photosynthesis in the expectation that that will improve crop growth. There are many component processes to photosynthesis. One grouping of processes can be used to predict responses to the...
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Energy-smart innovation and renewable energy systems on farms: an overview
To save costs, increase productivity, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, energy-smart farming is gaining momentum. Direct energy inputs essential for all food production systems, both on farms as well as along the food supply chain, have conventionally been supplied by oil, coal and natural gas...
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Mapping and exploiting the barley genome: techniques for mapping genes and relating them to desirable traits
Barley is the fourth most cultivated cereal in the world and is thus an important crop in breeding. A large variety of traits are needed for resistance to various stresses as well as to meet the requirements of its several uses. To breed efficiently for those traits, identification of the causal ...
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The usda root zone water quality model
The USDA Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), developed in the 1980s and released in 1992, simulates root zone processes based on earlier models like CREAMS, GLEAMS, and NTRM. It includes modules for water balance, soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, plant growth, energy balance, solute transport...
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Climate change and agriculture
Climate change is the biggest challenge agriculture faces. Part 1 of this collection reviews current research on the impacts of climate change on agriculture. Part 2 assesses what we know about the contribution of agriculture to climate change, whilst Part 3 surveys mitigation strategies to achie...
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Managing banana bunch pests: towards more ecological approaches
Blemish-free bananas are a modern life staple. This chapter reviews management trends of bunch pests of bananas for export which cause cosmetic damage or trigger quarantine prohibitions in the context of changing regulatory and market requirements. The authors review six major insect pests of the...
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Sequencing and assembly of the wheat genome
The genome sequence is an essential prerequisite for defining the complete gene catalogue of an organism, and it provides a framework for identifying and understanding the function of variants associated with phenotypic traits of interest. For wheat, these traits include disease resistance, crop ...
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Ensuring biosecurity in sugarcane cultivation
Biosecurity in sugarcane cultivation is an important factor in maintaining and improving yields. It can refer to the day-to-day management of established pests, diseases and weeds, as well as preparing for unusual threats to the industry, and safeguarding agriculture and natural resources. This c...
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Conservation agriculture in west asia
The soils of the agricultural areas in West Asia are suffering from degradation, erosion and reduction in fertility that is reflected on the quantity and quality of production. The results of field research in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Turkey and Iran for the past 10 years or more, comparing...
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Advances in instrumental analysis of dairy products
This chapter discusses advances in instrumental analysis of dairy products. The chapter focuses on areas in which there have been significant advances in the last 10-20 years either in the analytical technology itself or, in some cases, where existing technology has found new areas of application...
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Balancing oil palm cultivation with forest and biodiversity conservation
With the formation of the Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil, environmentalists and consumers anticipated a decrease in the indiscriminate destruction of tropical rainforests. Ten years later, thousands of hectares of tropical rainforests continue to be cleared for oil palm plantations in the tr...
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Breeding for small-scale poultry farming
This chapter reviews the particular challenges of developing improved breeds of chicken for small-scale backyard poultry farming on which many smallholder families depend for a balanced diet and income. It reviews issues such as genetic resources for indigenous breeds, breeding strategies and the...
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Advances in understanding canopy development in forest trees
This chapter introduces the reader to physiological processes at the leaf, crown, and canopy level. It details the importance of light and water to these processes, then outlines the patterns that foliage at the three levels assume in order to maximize carbon uptake and tree performance. Summarie...
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Genetic and genomic dairy cattle evaluations in developing countries
Genetic improvement programmes have delivered huge economic returns in developed countries. Supporting these successful genetic improvements are efficient genetic evaluation systems (GES) for the accurate evaluation of animals on which selection is based. Thus, GES is not only an integral and imp...
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Genetics and genomics of feed utilization efficiency in poultry species
Feed utilization efficiency is a trait of high economic importance in livestock production. In poultry meat and egg production, feed accounts for over 70% of the total production costs. Consequently, improving feed utilization efficiency has been a major goal in the poultry industry. The efficie...
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Achieving sustainable production of milk volume 1
This book provides a detailed review of current research on key components and quality traits of milk as well as ways of measuring milk quality. It then discusses genetic factors affecting these traits and how they can be used to improve breeding of dairy cows.
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Developments in crop insect pest detection techniques
Early detection of crop insect pests is indispensable to farmers and managers. Researchers are increasing exploration of technology that improves capability to sense insect presence and maximize the timeliness, accuracy, and interpretability of the sensed data for targeted management. Traditional...
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Understanding the use of vision and olfaction by thrips and other small flying insects to enhance biological control
Biological control is important for the management of small insect pests such as thrips, aphids, psyllids and whiteflies, and options to enhance the effectiveness of the natural enemies of these pests are urgently needed. Stimuli associated with host plant finding, mostly vision and olfaction, pr...
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Instant insights: regenerative techniques to improve soil health
This book provides a detailed overview of the use of regenerative techniques to improve soil health, including the use of compost and crop rotations.
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Branded beef programmes
The emergence of branded beef programmes has had tremendous impact on the beef industry worldwide. As a means to ensure consumer satisfaction and as a tool for differentiation, branding strategies have changed over the years, yet the basic principles of a successful beef brand have not. This chap...
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New techniques for assessing and mapping tropical forests
This chapter reviews recent developments in assessing and mapping tropical forests. It discusses the planning of inventories, assessment procedures and statistical evaluation. It discusses the use of remote sensing techniques to identify changes in land use such logging and deforestation. It also...
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Validating indicators of sheep welfare
Until recently, assessment of sheep welfare has received little attention, perhaps because sheep have traditionally been managed extensively and their relative behavioural freedom has led to perceptions of fewer or lower risks to their welfare. However, extensively managed sheep are still vulnera...
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Efficient and sustainable production of faba bean
Faba bean is mainly grown under rain-fed conditions, although irrigated production is important in Egypt, parts of China and central Asia. China is the leading producer with a wide range of intensive rotation and inter-crop holistic cropping systems. The main focus of this chapter is faba bean cu...
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Ethical issues in integrated weed management
This chapter surveys the potential ethical issues and problems that surround weed science as a subdivision of agriculture. These include the implications of herbicide resistance, invasive species, the introduction of biotech/Genetically Modified Organisms and concerns about sustainability. This c...
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Improving proteins to optimize photosynthesis
It is estimated that crop yields need to increase almost 50% by the year 2050 to feed the increasing world population. While most of this improvement will be accomplished using plant breeding and conventional agronomic methods, another promising tactic is to use plant molecular biology to improve...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of bananas volume 3
This collection reviews the major pests and diseases affecting global banana production. Chapters explore the key stages of disease identification, development and management, including the initial pathogen diagnosis, the disease cycle and epidemiology, as well as best practices to treat diseased...
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Instant insights: optimising pig nutrition
This collection considers the different approaches and methods which can be implemented to optimise pig nutrition. Chapters discuss the nutritional requirements of pigs and review the use of dietary supplements to support gut function and animal health.
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Advances in arabica coffee breeding: developing and selecting the right varieties
This chapter presents the main components and achievements of the world effort for breeding Arabica coffee and the perspectives for present and future initiatives.
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Advances in irrigation management in greenhouse cultivation
The advantages of greenhouse include the ability to secure better conditions than outdoor environment for crop growth and development, increased off-season production and autonomy from external weather conditions. This chapter provides an up-to-date critical overview of scientific advances in irr...
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Ensuring the genetic diversity of sorghum
Sorghum is a staple food crop for millions of the poorest and most food-insecure people in the semi-arid tropics, and ensuring its diversity and conservation is therefore important for global food and nutritional security. This chapter discusses the taxonomy of sorghum, in situ and ex situ germpl...
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Consumer perception of apple quality
Apples are a global commodity worth $7.78 billion USD in international trade. Apple quality is a complex interdisciplinary topic. In studying consumer perception of apple quality, it is important to consider not only fruit characteristics, but other consumer-related and social environment-related...
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Carbon farming, regenerative agriculture, and environmental sustainability: practices and standards
The carbon cycle has always been a crucial element of agri-food production. However, the rise in atmospheric CO2 from around 280 parts per million (ppm) in 1780 pre-industrial revolution to 424 ppm in 2023 has led to focus both on how farming has contributed to this imbalance and, in particular, ...
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Advances in understanding reproductive development in fruit-bearing plants
In recent years, a physiological understanding of the reproductive development process in fruit trees has accumulated through numerous molecular and genetic studies. Although the physiological traits of perennial or woody fruit trees often hinder studies of the mechanisms driving their reproducti...
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The aquacrop model
FAO (the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) launched in 2009 the dynamic crop growth model “AquaCrop” to predict yield response to water of herbaceous crops. After a brief description of the calculation scheme and the input requirements, the chapter discusses the parametriza...
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