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The use of marker-assisted selection in developing improved varieties of soybean
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) for soybean improvement is based on over two thousand mapped loci. In genetics databases there are thousands of mapped loci that underlie quantitative traits, oligogenic traits and simple traits. This chapter describes examples of methods for developing and using D...
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Instant insights: economics of agriculture
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the economics of key elements of agriculture, including irrigation, agricultural robotics and integrated weed management.
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Instant insights: african swine fever
This collection synthesises and reviews the research on key aspects of understanding, tracking and preventing African swine fever. Chapters consider the causes and epidemiology of the disease, identification and surveillance, as well as recent research efforts on developing a vaccine.
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Advances in modified atmosphere and active packaging of horticultural produce
The science and technology of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), continues to expand not only within the industry but also in terms of the technologies that are becoming available. MAP has transitioned from a standalone technology to a platform where unique science and technologies can be incor...
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Advances in plant phenotyping for more sustainable crop production
This collection reviews the wealth of research on advances in phenotyping and the influential role it plays in identifying the relative importance of genetic, environmental and agronomic factors in determining complex plant traits, such as yield and resource-use efficiency.
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Robot-enhanced insect pest control: reality or fantasy?
This chapter focusses on the incorporation of robotics and automation to detect insect pests within integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. The chapter reviews current technology that could be utilized for this purpose, and identifies significant barriers to implementing such an approach, in...
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Nutritional strategies to minimize emissions from sheep
Agricultural production accounts for 10–12% of global annual greenhouse gas emissions, with livestock production (including sheep) being the most important contributing factor within this sector. The largest single contributor to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions is methane produced during en...
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The impact of climate change on wheat insect pests: current knowledge and future trends
Assessments of sustainability of wheat production systems under climate change must eventually include projected impacts on pests, weeds and diseases. Generating these projections is challenging because of the various mechanisms by which climate change can influence prevalence and impacts of thes...
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Advances in abiotic stress-resistant varieties of ornamentals
Ornamental plants face a range of abiotic stresses which are likely to increase with the effects of climate. This chapter reviews ways of improving resistance to a wide range of stresses: low and high temperatures, drought, waterlogging and saline conditions as well as poor soil quality.
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The scope and challenge of sustainable forestry
Forests have managed to sustain themselves for millennia, recovering, reorganizing or migrating in response to innumerable disruptions. Humans have always reaped the benefits of this natural ability of treed ecosystems to renew themselves. Overharvesting of wood for fuel and building materials, h...
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Advances in understanding the role of plant phytochemicals in preventing cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of illness and death globally. Its incidence has been closely linked to diet. This chapter reviews the complex nature of CVD and its comorbidities. It then assesses the current state of research on the protective and therapeutic effects of a range of ...
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Breeding, delivery, use and benefits of bio-fortified cassava
Cassava’s high caloric value, as well as its ability to tolerate dry conditions and poor soils, makes it a key food security crop in developing countries, particularly in Africa. It serves as a rich source of carbohydrates, and also contains appreciable amounts of calcium and vitamin C. However, ...
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Rice insect pests and their management
This book uses the unique expertise of leading rice entomologists from Africa, Asia and the Americas to provide the first global coverage of rice insect pests. The groups of insects discussed are : Root and stem feeders, Stem borers, Rice gall midges, Leafhoppers and planthoppers, Foliage feeders...
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Advances in turfgrass disease management
This particular chapter will cover recent advances in turfgrass disease management that promote sustainable suppression of the pathogens that cause diseases.
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Preventing mycotoxin contamination in groundnut cultivation
Aflatoxin contamination of crops and food poses a substantial threat to humans and livestock worldwide. Preventing various Aspergillus species from becoming established and growing on peanuts (groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L.) can reduce aflatoxin contamination. This chapter describes factors that...
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Designing and formulating microbial and non-microbial biostimulants
This chapter provides the first overview of the optimal design and formulation of microbial and non-microbial biostimulants. The production steps for a plant biostimulant are first presented and discussed, and then two successful case studies of plant biostimulant development are reported in deta...
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Developments in cacao breeding programmes in africa and the americas
This chapter explores the main developments in cacao breeding programmes in Trinidad, Brazil, Ecuador and Costa Rica in the Americas; and Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Cameroon in Africa. The different types of commercial cacao cultivars and breeding programme objectives are described. Heterosi...
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The use of treated wastewater for crop irrigation
The reuse of treated wastewater for crop irrigation is important in the effective use of scarce water resources in ensuring a stable supply and in recovery of nutrients. This chapter explains the composition of wastewater, methods for treatment and guidelines for reuse for crop irrigation, includ...
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Water management for sustainable agriculture
There is increasing competition for water resources with declining aquifer reserves and lower rainfall in some areas due to climate change. This volume reviews research into topics such as more sustainable use of groundwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and water management.
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Improving organic agriculture in the developing world: africa
The continent of Africa accounts for 25% of the world’s arable land and yet produces just 10% of the global agricultural output. Against the backdrop of the challenges to agriculture in Africa, the African heads of states took a decision in 2011 to integrate organic agriculture into the mainstrea...
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Palm oil and health
Palm oil is often criticized for its supposed effects on human health, due to its high saturated fatty acid content. However, it is this high saturated fatty acid content (50%) which makes it a solid oil, and therefore a good technological alternative to partially hydrogenated trans fatty acids. ...
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Trade-offs between management and conservation for the provision of ecosystem services in the southern patagonian forests
Forests provide critical ecosystem services for human well-being; however, some ecosystem services are more valued (e.g. provisioning services) than others (e.g. regulating or supporting services). Temperate regions contain several forests affected by humans, mainly with regard to ecosystem servi...
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Key ethical issues in livestock farming
This chapter assumed the practical application of animal ethics in agriculture as necessary for animal ethics and for those who work with animals in agriculture. It is intended to provide an overview of the main areas of ethical concern stemming from the use of animals as livestock. The first sec...
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Innovative agriculture management to foster soil organic carbon sequestration
There is a need to develop new strategies to maintain and increase food production on degraded agricultural soils while decreasing the environmental impact of agricultural production. These strategies can be based on the concept of soil as a ‘natural bioreactor”, including modulation of Al/Fe com...
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Competitive exclusion treatment to control pathogens in poultry
Competitive Exclusion (CE) describes the protective effect of the intestinal microflora against colonization of pathogenic bacteria. This review presents the background and current use of the CE concept to prevent Salmonella infections in poultry, by administration of cultures of intestinal origi...
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Understanding the behaviour and improving the welfare of dairy cattle
This collection summarises and reviews the wealth of research relating specifically to dairy cattle, including understanding behaviour, monitoring welfare and improving current welfare practices.
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Organic beef farming: key characteristics, opportunities, advantages, and challenges
This chapter offers an overview of the current status of organic beef production systems and emphasizes the need for more data to better characterize this farm system. It also offers an overview of the course of farm conversion, together with the available resources and options to determine the c...
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Advances in organic dairy cattle farming
This collection reviews the wealth of recent research on how organic dairy farming can best meet the key organic principles of health, ecology, fairness and care. The book also considers how the organic dairy sector is addressing challenges such as improving welfare and sustainability.
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Advances in the potential use of non-thermal plasma in postharvest treatment of fresh horticultural produce
Fresh horticultural produce related foodborne illnesses outbreaks have increased around the world, and despite the adoption of good on-farm and postharvest practices, microbial contamination of fresh produce can still occur. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has recently emerged as an option for killing/i...
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Double strand break (dsb) repair pathways in plants and their application in genome engineering
In genome engineering, after targeted induction of double strand breaks (DSBs) researchers take advantage of the organisms’ own repair mechanisms to induce different kinds of sequence changes into the genome. Therefore, understanding of the underlying mechanisms is essential. This chapter will re...
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Instant insights: fungal diseases of apples
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews discussing fungal diseases of apples.
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Controversies surrounding the impact of the fat content of beef on human health
Whether ‘red’ or ‘processed meat’ intake is related to adverse health outcomes in the US population and other developed countries is an often-debated concept. Beef frequently is a focus of such discussions because of its contribution to saturated fat in the diet. This chapter examines the evide...
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The role and challenges of the private sector in supplying inputs to smallholders
This chapter focuses on analysis of the private sector input supply to smallholders, in Africa. The goal of the chapter is to describe and discuss challenges of the private sector when working with smallholders. There is special emphasis of reliability of demand, purchasing power and logistics th...
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Advances and challenges in sustainable peach production
By adopting precise management techniques, growers can reduce the environmental impact of fruit growing, without sacrificing quality and yields, while maintaining income. This chapter discusses how improvements in sustainable peach production can be achieved by an interaction among quite varied d...
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Managing irrigation for soil health in arid and semi-arid regions
Irrigated arid and semi-arid regions of the world account for more than 40% of the global crop production. Managing soil health while simultaneously increasing water use efficiency in these areas is challenging, but critical to future global food security. This chapter describes production practi...
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Improving water management in agriculture
This collection considers current challenges facing irrigated agriculture and reviews the wealth of research on the range of interventions which can be applied to address these challenges, from understanding and managing water flows at the watershed scale, through to improved use of water resources.
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Agroecosystem models for delivering ecosystem services
Agroecosystems are complex representations of the interactions occurring among multiple biological systems at the field and landscape scale. Models simulating these interactions across time and space are not very mature and expanding our current knowledge on crop, pest, and soils models provides ...
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Negotiating the intersection of gender and race in agriculture
Agri-food scholars have long documented the deep-rooted social, cultural, and political issues that plague global agricultural systems. Still, there is a noticeable lack of empirical research examining the intersections of gender and race and their profound impact on individuals' lived experience...
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Instant insights: optimising photosynthesis in crops
This collection explores the need to optimise the C3 photosynthesis cycle in crop production to boost crop yields and improve agricultural productivity. Chapters review how the yields of key agricultural crops, including rice and wheat, can be increased through photosynthetic improvement.
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Instant insights: improving the sustainability of dairy production
This book provides a detailed overview of recent research that considers how modern dairy production can be optimised to reduce its environmental impact and contribute to achieving a more sustainable agriculture.
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Integrated pest management of insect, nematode and mite pests of tea
This chapter describes the various strategies that are being implemented in different countries to manage pests of tea using integrated pest management (IPM) programmes to ensure they do not reach economic injury levels. The chapter explores methods of mechanical, biological, cultural and chemica...
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Fungicide resistance: evolutionary questions and practical implications
The evolution of resistance is a major threat to the efficacy of fungicides. Therefore, to achieve more durable crop protection, we must understand the evolutionary processes driving resistance, in order to apply more effective strategies to manage the risk. The inherent resistance risk of a fung...
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Plant phenotyping of individual plants towards optimal environmental control in plant factories
Plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs), with an almost airtight and well-insulated structure, enable simple and accurate data acquisition and environmental control, time series analysis, and prediction related to plant phenotypes. With plant phenotyping based on cohort research in PFALs...
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Site-specific weed management
Weeds vary in species and density across fields, but an attempt at uniform management is typically implemented. In this chapter, we review the definition and underpinnings of site-specific weed management, and discuss how information about weed spatial and temporal variability can be used to dete...
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Agri-food supply chains in southern and eastern europe
This chapter describes the fundamental characteristics of the food systems of Eastern and Southern Europe, paying particular attention to their agro-export nature and the late predominance of large-scale distribution companies in their markets. The chapter then reviews the unsustainability of thi...
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Advances in seed priming techniques
Seed priming is a technique involving seed hydration and drying which aims to increase germination speed and to synchronize germination to ensure a more uniform crop stand and yield. This chapter focusses on recent developments in priming from the point of view of the seed industry. It assesses t...
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Sorghum cultivation and improvement in west and central africa
The diversity of sorghum cultivated in Africa attests to the African origin of this crop. Farmers in West and Central Africa (WCA) have developed strategies of using varietal diversity to minimize risk and maximize productivity in the context of complex and diverse adaptive challenges. This chapt...
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Managing surface water for irrigation
As the world’s population increases, so does the pressure on water resources to ensure that agriculture continues to meet global food demand. One way of coping with this increased pressure is to improve the management of surface water resources for irrigation, for instance to reduce water losses ...
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Infocrop: a process-based dynamic crop simulation model for analysing genotype x environment interactions in tropical crops
This chapter explains the development, key components, and applications of InfoCrop: a process-based, dynamic simulation model developed by Indian scientists to simulate the growth, development, and yield of major tropical crops. These include wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, soybean, c...
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Developments in agri-environment schemes (aes): north america
This chapter presents an economic perspective on significant agri-environmental policies that affect U.S. agriculture and assesses some of the environmental outcomes of these policies. The authors first present a conceptual framework for designing and assessing environmental intervention in agric...
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Soil and soil health: an overview
Soil health is an urgent concern because of the need to manage soil resources better to meet food and other security imperatives. The different meanings of soil ‘quality’ and ‘health’ are explained. Soil health is defined as an integrative property of the biotic and abiotic components of the soil...
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Preventing food losses and waste to achieve food security and sustainability
Around one third of all food production is lost or wasted. This book provides a comprehensive review of the causes and prevention of food losses and waste at key steps in the supply chain, for different commodities and across particular regions.
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Advances in rapid detection of zoonotic pathogens in poultry production and processing environments
In recent years poultry meat and egg consumption has seen an exponential increase worldwide. There is therefore a strong demand for ensuring the microbiological safety of poultry products. The main pathogenic bacteria in poultry meat and eggs are Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., Listeri...
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Targeted improvement of cavendish clones
Despite hundreds of different domesticated banana cultivars, both consumers and growers prefer the Cavendish subgroup for the export industry. The Cavendish cultivars are triploid and parthenocarpic. But despite the sterility characteristic, Cavendish banana plants portray a diverse range of morp...
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Advances in non-destructive testing of egg quality
A wide range of non-destructive techniques have been proven to be useful tools for shell egg quality and freshness evaluation. They might be a strategic solution to replace – or highly reduce – traditional destructive and laboratory level methods for shell egg quality and freshness assessment. In...
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Advances in understanding and improving the role of enzymes in poultry nutrition
This chapter reviews the current status of research on feed enzymes with an emphasis on identifying the key challenges researchers face in terms of current trends in enzyme development, mechanism(s) of action and enzyme efficacy. It also addresses new research directions and the development of co...
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Grasslands and climate change
Grassland ecosystems are vital in global carbon cycling, biodiversity conservation, and agricultural productivity. As ecosystems typically bordering arid or semiarid zones, they are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, which will alter key environmental drivers such as temper...
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Bacterial diseases affecting apples
Bacterial diseases present an ongoing challenge to the sustainability of apple production. Fire blight is a serious economic threat to apple production in regions of the world where it occurs, and it it is used as an example to present the key issues and challenges which bacterial diseases raise ...
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Instant insights: drought-resistant crops
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on drought-resistant crops.
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Sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites affecting sheep
The threat of anthelmintic resistance has loomed over recommendations to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep for several decades, and in some regions GIN is threatening the sustainability of sheep farming. This chapter describes the current state of options to achieve sustainable c...
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Ecological impacts of pesticides and their mitigation within ipm systems
Chemicals, frequently the main method of pest control in agriculture, have negative effects on natural enemies that also control pests. Mitigation of pesticide impacts depends on increasing the role of natural enemies, reducing chemical application while still controlling pests and maintaining yi...
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Developments in the system of rice intensification (sri)
The system of rice intensification (SRI) is a combination of management practices developed in Madagascar some 30 years ago to make the cultivation of irrigated rice more productive. This chapter reviews how the SRI has evolved over the past 15 years as its efficacy has been demonstrated in over...
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The development of sugarcane cultivation
Sugarcane is considered one of the most efficient plants on the planet given its capacity to transform solar energy into chemical energy with high carbon fixation rates. It has traditionally been exploited for sucrose production, but has now also gained importance for energy and ethanol productio...
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What is pollination and what are pollinators in agriculture?
This chapter provides an overview of the history of pollination biology, it begins by discussing the basics of pollination and goes on to discuss pollinators and their diversity. Sections also cover the ecology and evolution of floral traits, domestication and its impact on plant-pollinator relat...
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Bio-ecology of major insect and mite pests of tomato crops in the tropics
In tropical climates, tomato production is severely constrained by insect and mite pests. The use of broad-spectrum chemical pesticides can make this problem worse, since it can eliminate the natural enemies of these pests. Changes in cropping system and the impacts of a warming climate can also ...
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The nutritional potential of grain legumes: an economic perspective
Present-day food systems leave a substantial share of the world’s population malnourished. Though rates of undernutrition have been falling, many people continue to suffer from micronutrient malnutrition and rates of overnutrition are rapidly increasing. This chapter argues that the increased rol...
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Advances in understanding and improving the role of amino acids in poultry nutrition
Dietary amino acids are central to optimizing growth performance, meat yield, and egg production of poultry. This chapter addresses amino acid digestibility coefficients for feed ingredients, digestible amino acid requirements of poultry based on production efficiency, and the role of supplementa...
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The role of agricultural expansion, land cover and land-use change in contributing to climate change
The chapter discusses the role of agricultural expansion, land cover and use change in contributing to climate change. It begins by reviewing the impacts of land-use change on climate, specifically focusing on carbon emission, surface energy fluxes – such as reflection of solar radiation and evap...
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Advances in molecular breeding of ornamentals
The history of flower breeding, discovery of genetic laws and their co-integration in early floricultural breeding programs led to an amazing array of seed- and vegetative-propagated ornamental floricultural crops for the worldwide market. While most early genetic research used flower crops as st...
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Contaminants related to high-temperature processing of food
Thermal processing contaminants, including acrylamide (AA), heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are carcinogenic compounds formed during high-temperature cooking processes such as frying, grilling, and roasting. AA primarily develops in carbohydrate-rich foods...
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Advances in visual soil evaluation techniques
Soil structure is a complex and dynamic soil property that constitutes a key aspect of soil health. Soil structure assessment can be evaluated in the field by visual soil evaluation techniques. Development and improvement of these techniques/methods have been the focus of numerous soil scientists...
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Durum wheat: production, challenges and opportunities
Durum wheat is principally used for the manufacture of pasta, couscous and, to a lesser extent, in the production of bulgur and bread. This chapter explores the challenges and opportunities of durum wheat production in the twenty-first century, addressing globally important production as well as ...
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The value of one health and one welfare approaches in promoting the health and welfare of organic dairy cattle
There is a clear need for an integrated approach to human, animal and ecological health reflecting the four organic principles of Health, Ecology, Fairness and Care and their supporting text. In the early 2000s, the One Health approach was established to recognise the strong links between human h...
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Understanding post-harvest deterioration of mangoes
Post-harvest deterioration in the quality of mangoes is determined in large measure by pre-harvest factors ranging from the cultivar grown to orchard management and harvest practices. This chapter describes the changes related to ripening in mangoes and the pre-harvest, in-harvest and post-harves...
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Women in smallholder pig farming: negotiating inequalities in uganda’s pig value chains
Women play a central role in agricultural value chains by doing work and investing resources across value chains from production to consumption of the products. However, as agricultural value chains commercialize or upgrade, women risk being marginalized and eliminated from commercial activities ...
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Using macroalgae/seaweed and microalgae in poultry feed
This chapter describes the main nutritional characteristics of algae and the current knowledge on their effects in poultry production with consideration to their impacts on animal health, growth performance, and product quality (eggs and meat). The chemical and nutritional value of algae is explo...
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The role of wind pollination in crop plants
This chapter reflects on the early transition from wind-pollinated species (especially Poaceae) into crop species and the current state of wind-pollination in agricultural pollination networks. It then provides a short review of the evolution and biomechanics of wind pollination to establish why ...
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Organic poultry farming: opportunities and challenges
Poultry constitute a fascinating and diverse group of animals with huge potentials to adapt to many local conditions and to be integrated into a wide variety of organic farming systems throughout the world. Poultry herds fit into many different farm settings throughout the world, including the di...
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Advances in testing seed health
Many different plant pathogens can be seed transmitted. In a world of global trade seeds infected with different plant pests are a potential risk. Seed health testing is important to prevent the spread of diseases. For the detection of these seed transmitted pests many methods are available e.g. ...
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Soil erosion by water processes and prediction technology
Soil erosion by water is a natural phenomenon that occurs on upland areas when soil is detached from a surface by impacting raindrops or by flowing water that exerts shear forces. This chapter will describe and discuss various soil erosion by water processes, particularly at agricultural field sc...
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The impact of migration on women smallholders in ghana
This paper explores the effects of migration on women farmers in migration origins and destinations of Ghana, using 42 in-depth interviews and five focus groups. This exercise is timely and important as, first, many smallholder farmers are women, yet, they remain unrecognised and underpaid. Secon...
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Instant insights: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture.
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Flavour as the common thread for coffee quality along the value chain
Quality, in the case of coffee, ultimately means flavour, as this is the aspect of coffee perceived by consumers as valuable. The assessment of coffee flavour quality is therefore the key tool for quality assurance in coffee, and is essential in strategies for achieving higher-value coffee. In th...
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Developments in genomic predictions in dairy cattle breeding: a historical overview of methods, technologies, and applications
Selection and breeding decisions have traditionally been made based on phenotypic measurements and pedigree information of selection candidates or close relatives. However, the recent availability of genomic information on a large number of markers has transformed modern dairy cattle breeding aro...
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Reusing food waste: the importance of mycotoxin detection and decontamination
This chapter reviews the range of techniques available for sustainable re-use of food waste. It addresses the critical safety issue of mycotoxin contamination of food waste. The chapter reviews factors affecting mycotoxin growth and the particular problem of masked mycotoxins. It also methods for...
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Advances in poultry nutrition
This collection provides a comprehensive overview of the range of research on recent advances in poultry nutrition, focussing primarily on broilers for meat production. The book also reviews the development of novel feed sources and their role in optimising gut function in poultry.
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Fusarium wilt of banana: impact, epidemiology and management of fusarium wilt race 1 and 2
The soil-borne fungus F. oxysporum forma specialis cubense (Foc), causing fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), is one of the most devastating diseases affecting banana. The fungus has a polyphyletic origin and strains and races have evolved with different wild banana species in various areas of the Ind...
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Assessing alternative protein sources from by-products
This chapter examines the most commonly used protein-based by-product feeds in dairy cattle diets. The chapter focuses on 1) protein quality of by-products; 2) characteristics of grain-sourced by-products; 3) characteristics of oilseed by-products; 4) rendered by-products; 5) environmental impact...
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Establishment and root development in wheat crops
Good establishment lays the foundations for wheat yield. Here, we have used the term ‘establishment’ to encompass development and growth prior to the elongation of the main stem. We describe how the seedling root system establishes and then outline how four agronomic practices (time and depth of ...
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The economics of precision agriculture
Within the last 30-40 years several PA technologies have become commercially available however adoption exhibits wide variability across geography, farm type and operator demography. Evidence on economic (financial) feasibility of PA technologies is mixed. The economic profitability of PA and STF...
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Progress in understanding fungal diseases affecting sugarcane: red rot
Red rot is a disease of sugarcane stalks caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum falcatum. It has been recorded in 77 countries worldwide, but occurs most severely in South Asian countries, especially India, Nepal, Pakistan, Myanmar and Bangladesh, as well as in Thailand and Vietnam. Develop...
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Practical applications of integrated pest management in horticultural cultivation: the cases of protected tomato and outdoor brassica production
This chapter discusses two case studies where integrated pest management strategies and techniques have been implemented to control pest insects in indoor and outdoor horticultural cropping situations. In particular the case studies will highlight the impact that biological control has had on pro...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of apples
This book reviews our understanding of tree and fruit physiology and how it can be used in breeding better varieties. It also discusses pests and diseases and ways they can be prevented or controlled to make cultivation more productive.
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Agri-food supply chains and food security in asia
This chapter discusses agri-food supply chains in Asia from the perspective of ensuring food security, to provide consumers with their agri-food consumption requirements. Following this perspective, it takes stock of the latest food security outcomes in Asia with a focus on food utilisation (i.e....
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Advances in understanding the contamination of fresh produce by pathogenic escherichia coli
Produce is a constituent of healthy diets throughout the world. Contamination of produce with pathogenic Escherichia coli and particularly Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) is a global human health concern. STEC may enter fields in which produce is grown through contaminated irrigation water, ...
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Incubation and chick health
Artificial incubation is an important part of the poultry production chain, both for broilers and layers. Not only because the success of incubation influences the costs of a day old chick, but it also has an influence on the quality of that chick. This quality is a crucial factor for obtaining o...
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A functional approach to bunch formation in banana
Sustainable management of bananas requires knowledge of development, especially the pivotal processes of bunch formation. This chapter presents a functional analysis of the formation of the inflorescence up to flowering (bunch emergence), emphasising interaction of the plant with the environment....
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Nematode pathogens of soybean
In general, plant-parasitic nematodes that may detrimentally affect soybean production are microscopic roundworms that feed on or are in plant roots. This chapter examines the origins and management of a variety of parasitic nematodes affecting soybean, including soybean cyst nematodes, root-knot...
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Advances in understanding and managing insect pests of forest trees
Boreal and temperate forests comprise half of all forested land globally and are a major source of timber and other ecosystem services. Disturbances caused by native and invasive insects are among the most important mediators of forest mortality. The interacting effects of climate change on insec...
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Cereal leaf beetle (oulema melanopus)
The cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus L.), native to Eurasia and introduced to North America, poses significant economic threat to crops of small grains across much of the northern hemisphere. Pest management is challenging because cereal leaf beetle outbreaks are sporadic and remain unpredict...
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