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Helping smallholders to improve poultry production
Small-scale family poultry farming is practised by a large proportion of smallholder families in the rural and peri-urban areas of most of the world’s developing countries. By enabling improvements in disease control, breeding and genetics, and management and nutrition through smallholder poultry...
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Microbial bioprotectants for plant disease management
This collection summarises and reviews the wealth of recent research on the development of more environmentally friendly biological methods to control plant diseases.
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Banana cultivation in africa
Banana is important as a food, cash and climate-resilient crop in Africa. However, its productivity has declined tremendously to less than 10 t/ha compared with a potential 60–100 t/ha and plantation longevity has also severely reduced. This chapter examines the composition and distribution of ba...
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The role of the svalbard global seed vault in preserving crop genetic diversity
Genetic material in individual genebanks is potentially vulnerable to being lost (e.g. through conflict or a natural disaster). One important and simple security measure is to ensure that samples of these valuable genetic materials are conserved in more than one place. In this context, the Svalb...
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Ensuring the genetic diversity of tomatoes
This book chapter describes key issues regarding genetic diversity of tomatoes, including taxonomy and mating system. Figures on global ex situ conservation of tomato germplasm are provided and the world’s largest collection in the public domain, held by AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center, is des...
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Functional ingredients based on bioactive peptides from milk proteins
This chapter gives a review on the biological activities encrypted within milk proteins. These bioactivities are potentially released by proteolytic enzymes during the digestion process and they have the potential to be released by enzyme hydrolysis and turned into functional food ingredients. Th...
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Diseases affecting pigs: an overview of common bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens of pigs
Recent events such as the 2009 pandemic influenza outbreak, the continuous spread of African swine fever virus in Eastern Europe and the introduction of several new pathogens into the United States and their spread to Canada, Mexico, Central and South America have emphasized the ability of pig di...
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The role of biodiversity in agroforestry and other types of smallholder farming
Agricultural biodiversity, commonly referred to as agrobiodiversity, is a part of biodiversity that is conserved in agricultural habitats and food production landscapes. Adopting a multidimensional approach to their management is essential to increase sustainability of agricultural habitats. This...
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The interaction between gut microbiota and pathogens in poultry
The poultry gut harbours a diverse microbiota, which plays a pivotal role in host nutrient utilization and health. Although the majority of this microbiota is commensal bacteria, pathogens are also present. Commensal and pathogenic microbes interact with each other, either positively or negativel...
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Instant insights: viral diseases affecting pigs
This collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on viral diseases affecting pigs.
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Other viral pathogens of banana
In this chapter, minor viral pathogens of banana, plantain and abacá are discussed. Some such as banana bract mosaic virus and the abacá strain of sugarcane mosaic virus have the potential to cause much more serious problems if they are allowed to spread unchecked around the world. Other viruses ...
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Nematode pests of cocoa
Plant-parasitic nematodes cause cocoa yield losses, a sudden death of trees and retardation of seedling growth in nurseries. This chapter explains the hidden nature and the masking effects of these nematodes and how these have led to erroneous control measures. The chapter describes the nematode ...
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Rapid response to disease outbreaks in maize cultivation: the case of maize lethal necrosis
Emerging plant diseases (EPDs) can cause significant losses of revenue due to decreased production and the high costs of controlling epidemics. Effective control of EPDs relies on rapid detection, accurate diagnosis, timely deployment of preventive responses and containment to prevent geographic ...
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Improving data management and decision-making in precision agriculture
Precision agriculture (PA) has been adopted to improve crop production while optimizing resource allocation. The chapter discusses developments in tools and technologies used in precision agriculture for effective decision making, including remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) t...
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Eco-functional intensification of organic farming
Organic farming aims to increase productivity while maintaining a positive impact on biodiversity and using minimal resources. An urgent question of global importance is how organic agricultural systems can be improved with regard to the various functions of producing food, saving biodiversity an...
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Modifying photorespiration to optimize crop performance
The initial reaction of CO2 fixation has a shared specificity with oxygen, resulting in the formation of 2-phosphoglycolate, an inhibitory sugar. 2-phosphoglycolate is detoxified by photorespiration, but this recycling requires energy and releases carbon, substantially reducing rates of net CO2 f...
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Wheat midge (sitodiplosis mosellana): management in the northern great plains of the united states and canada
This chapter examines wheat midge and its management in the Northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada. The chapter first provides an overview of the morphology of wheat midge at each stage of its life cycle. It then moves on to discuss the life cycle of the pest in more depth. The dam...
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Instant insights: alternative sources of protein for poultry
This book provides a comprehensive overview on the range of alternative sources of protein for poultry, including algae, insect meal and corn fermented protein.
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Landscape models to support sustainable intensification of agroecological systems
Intensification of agriculture to meet the growing demand of food and renewable resources is contrasted with a decrease in species diversity, pollution in water bodies and a decline in freshwater resources. To protect our resources, the natural functioning of ecosystems and the diversity of lands...
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Advances in the use of x-ray computed tomography in crop phenotyping
This chapter addresses the technological parts of a CT system used for crop phenotyping. First, all of the hardware components are described and explained. Thus, it is shown how they are utilized for phenotyping purposes. After that, different system setups and ways of acquiring a CT dataset are ...
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Considerations with selecting turfgrass varieties and cultivars
The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) conducts trials of turfgrass species across the USA and Canada. NTEP data collected since 1981 is publicly available at www.ntep.org. Data is collected on more than 100 parameters including key factors in sustainable turfgrass selection. Selection ...
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Understanding and fostering soil carbon sequestration
This collection reviews the wealth of recent research on important aspects of soil carbon sequestration in different environments and soil types and its contribution to ensuring a positive carbon budget at the farm and landscape level.
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Developing new sweet potato varieties with improved performance
Novel sweet potato varieties with improved traits are needed, especially for marginal lands and disease-prone regions. However, the high degree of heterozygosity, high levels of male sterility, and self- and interspecific incompatibility of the sweet potato plant results in strong segregation of ...
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Pathogens affecting table eggs
The rise in consumption of infertile hen eggs, together with the simultaneous rise in egg-related foodborne pathogen outbreaks, indicates the importance of understanding the microflora on the eggshell and within the egg contents. Pathogenic microorganisms in a number of ways can contaminate eggs,...
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Decision support systems (dss) for better fertiliser management
This chapter reviews some of the approaches used by DSS to determine fertiliser application decisions. The chapter highlights direct methods and indirect techniques: simulation models, yield forecasts using data-driven approaches and yield forecasts based on water supply. The chapter includes two...
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The systems approach to land use sustainability (salus) model
This chapter explores SALUS (Systems Approach to Land Use Sustainability), a process-based crop model designed to simulate interactions between soil, climate, genetics and agronomic management, focusing on their effects on crop growth and yield, soil organic matter and nitrogen dynamics. SALUS ex...
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Understanding and preventing seafood loss and waste
Food loss and waste causes environmental pollution, food insecurity, health problems and substantial economic losses. Seafood products provide excellent sources of high quality proteins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, and generate large quantities of by-products not in...
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Advances in guava cultivation
Guava (Psidium guajava) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and is also commonly known as guyava, kuawa or guayba. It is one of the most common and major fruits globally and is considered the fifth most important fruit (in terms of production area and volume) after mango, citrus, banana and apple. Du...
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Advances and improvements in modeling plant processes
This chapter provides an overview of the advances made historically and today in modeling key plant processes with a focus on the processes associated with carbon acquisition and allocation (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, respiration, and assimilate partitioning), and the timing of plant d...
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Advances in agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles: focus on sensing applications
In the current chapter, we aim to present an overview of the advantages and limitations of UAV-RS platforms and their applications in PA. To properly review these applications, we formulated the following questions: What are the available UAV sensors for PA applications? How should one select the...
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Understanding and improving global agri-food supply chains in an interconnected world: a systems approach
Agri-food supply chains (AFSCs) are complex, interconnected networks that span the world, yet they are highly influenced by regional contexts, as the chapters from this book have illustrated. From large-scale farming in countries like the United States to small and medium-sized farmers in Latin A...
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Advances in understanding the nutritional value of starch in wheat
This chapter provides a nutritional overview of the wheat starch structure, function, digestibility of diverse wheat starches, and highlights interactions of starch and other biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and non-starch polysaccharides.
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Advances in seed science and technology for more sustainable crop production
This collection reviews the wealth of recent research on advances in seed science and technology, including key developments in seed phenotyping and seed treatments, and their role in contributing to a more sustainable agriculture.
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Natural capital and biodiversity accounting in the dairy industry: the case of valio group
This chapter addresses the enhancement of and reporting on natural capital and biodiversity within the dairy industry as part of one company's broader sustainable development strategy. The chapter focuses on the dairy industry, as it is heavily dependent on natural and animal resources and also u...
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Improving data access for more effective decision making in agriculture
With the increased amount of data that is collected on agriculture, we live in a time where data seems to be abundant. Through farm equipment and remote sensing, comes the potential for the development of new applications that can help food production and protect against worldwide food insecurity...
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Assessing the cost of supplying water for agriculture: the food supply cost curve
As part of a ‘Regional Initiative on Water Scarcity in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) Region’, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has been proposing a practical tool for the assessment of investment projects called the Food Supply Cost Curve (FSCC). This chapter describes the c...
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Instant insights: soil carbon sequestration
This book reviews the global importance of soil carbon sequestration and the range of systems used to monitor, report and verify soil organic carbon, as well as the benefits of particular regenerative practices in enhancing carbon sequestration.
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Developing improved varieties of lentil
Lentil is a popular pulse consumed primarily in Asia. It has a protein content of approx. 28% and also contains high amounts of macro- and micro-nutrients. Lentils are cropped under rainfed conditions and on residual/conserved soil moisture, and their inclusion in rotation benefits succeeding cro...
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Understanding sheep behaviour
The most important features of the behaviour of sheep are their marked sociality and the formation of a bond between mother and young. Sheep show a strong need to stay with their flock mates and become very distressed when isolated. Under farm conditions the social environment is mainly controlle...
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Oomycete and fungal pathogens of soybean
Soybean production faces numerous biotic challenges, leading to significant yield losses each year. This chapter addresses oomycete and fungal pathogens of soybean. Case studies on the oomycete pathogens Phytophthora sojae and Pythium species as well as the true fungi Cercospora sojina, Phakopsor...
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The use of phytogenics in optimizing gut function and health in poultry
Gut function and health are pre-requisites for sustainable poultry production and product quality. Phytogenics are bioactive components of plant origin that can protect poultry from the detrimental effects of modern stressor challenges in intensive farming systems via the enhancement of gut integ...
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Soilless culture systems and growing media in horticulture: an overview
Soilless culture plant production presents a sector with unlimited potential for the horticulture industry. Soilless culture systems are environmentally friendly, resource-efficient, and support sustainable intensification in agriculture. Soilless culture system (SCS) crops in climate-controlled ...
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Improving monitoring and forecasting in integrated management of fruit arthropod pests
The efficient and accurate monitoring of insects and mites is a cornerstone of integrated pest management (IPM). Pheromone-baited traps are probably the best known, most convenient and specific method used for monitoring in orchards. However, mating disruption strategies have complicated the inte...
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The nutritional and nutraceutical value of wheat
Wheat is a source of nutrients and phytochemicals with nutraceutical value. These components are unevenly distributed in the different parts of the wheat kernel, and their content in wheat varies widely depending on variety of wheat (V), genotype (G), growing environments (E), year/season (Y) and...
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Advances in microbiological assessment of the shelf life and spoilage of ready-to-eat (rte) poultry meat products
Ready-to-eat (RTE) poultry meat products can be contaminated with pathogens and spoilage microorganisms after the cooking step, contributing to food spoilage losses and increasing the risk to consumers. Antimicrobials applied to RTE meats tend to be broad-spectrum in their activities with differi...
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Production of biodiesel from renewable sources
There is increasing interest in the production of biodiesel from non-edible oil sources such as waste or recycled oil and animal fats. Transesterification is the most commonly used method to convert triglycerides (TG) from different types of lipids. After reviewing the range of available feedstoc...
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Creating a public policy framework to support urban agriculture
This chapter reviews the development of urban agriculture policy making. It assesses the key dilemmas, challenges and tensions involved in creating policy frameworks for urban agriculture. The chapter discusses examples of cities that have developed an urban (food and) agriculture policy: Rosario...
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How neonicotinoid insecticides affect bees and other pollinators
Neonicotinoids are particularly important in any discussion of pollinators in an agricultural context because of their use patterns, physical properties, environmental persistence, and their high toxicity to bees. This chapter discusses the wide range of research on how neonicotinoids affect both...
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Changing patterns of disease affecting pigs: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) and porcine epidemic diarrhoea (ped)
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea virus (PEDv) are two of the major viruses that affect pigs worldwide. This chapter focuses on the transmission, clinical presentation, evolution and spread of these two agents (PRRSv and PEDv), due to their...
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Developments in anaerobic digestion to optimize the use of livestock manure
The purpose of this chapter is to discuss developments in anaerobic digestion (AD) to optimize use of livestock manure, particularly the use of livestock manure in the production of biogas. It also discusses the use of biogas slurry and residues. The chapter shows the how AD can play an important...
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Identifying genes for yield-related traits under drought stress conditions in durum wheat
Abiotic stress strongly affects yield-related traits in durum wheat. In particular drought is one of the main environmental factors reducing grain yield. Hundreds of quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for yield-related traits across different genetic backgrounds and environments. ...
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Pastoralism and organic animal farming: are they complementary?
A general absence of reliance on purchased inputs as well as a focus on natural pastures and free-ranging animals prompts comparison between pastoralism and organic farming. Pastoralism frequently occurs in the marginal lands that can be found where humans and herds of domesticated animals living...
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Laying hen nutrition: optimising hen performance and health, bone and eggshell quality
Hen nutrition must address a number of different goals including maximising egg production, maintaining egg quality, extending the laying cycle and ensuring hen health and welfare. This chapter focuses on the dietary influences on eggshell quality and bone health. It looks first at the role of ph...
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Understanding how land-use management affects soil microbiomes
The soil microbiome is essential for ecosystem health, supporting functions like nutrient cycling and decomposition. However, human-induced land-use changes, such as deforestation and intensive agriculture, disrupt this delicate balance, impacting microbial diversity and functionality. These alte...
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Measuring and auditing on-farm energy use
Food systems have been divided into several categories; cropping, livestock and fisheries, food processing, packaging, trade, and households. Agricultural operations include all farming operations that occur after the land is cleared and developed, such as tillage, planting, fertilizing, pest con...
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Advances in understanding mango tree growth and canopy development
The mango tree canopy acts not only as a carbohydrate factory, through photosynthesis, and as a support for reproduction; it is also the place where vegetative growth occurs and the tree develops. The spatial and temporal proximity of vegetative and reproductive growth in the mango tree canopy le...
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Developments in activity and location technologies for monitoring cattle movement and behaviour
This chapter reviews the range of options for monitoring cattle location and activity, and highlight the application of these technologies rather than the technical aspects or algorithms behind them. Additionally, the focus will be placed on the research, development and adoption of these technol...
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Advances in surveillance and diagnostic techniques for tracking the spread of african swine fever
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important viral diseases of domestic and wild suids. Over the last 15 years, ASF has gone truly pandemic and with that, fast, reliable, but also pragmatic diagnostic approaches are needed for early detection and surveillance. In the following chapter, ...
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Adoption and spread of conservation agriculture in east asia
This chapter examines the adoption and spread of Conservation Agriculture in East Asia. Conservation Agriculture, which has been extended in East Asia for the past 15-20 years, is offering promising prospects of both enhanced yields, reduced cost and environmental services. The chapter begins by ...
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The palm oil governance complex: progress, problems and gaps
Oil palm expansion has delivered economic development in host countries, including indirect benefits for local infrastructure development and rural poverty reduction, and multiplier effects for the national economies. However, its development has often come at the cost of basic rights and of biod...
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Advances in understanding the development of nutraceutical compounds in apples
This chapter provides an overview of the antioxidant nutraceutical compounds found in apples. Apples have always been recognised as foods with high nutritional value. In addition, their health benefits have always been the subject of intense research. This chapter summarises the characteristics a...
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The use of nutrigenomics in poultry breeding for sustainable production
Selection for economic phenotypic traits has significantly improved poultry productivity over the past 70 years. However, there have been a number of undesirable changes in the regulation of energy homeostasis, fat deposition (mainly in breeders), increased sensitivity to high environmental tempe...
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The origin and domestication of poultry species
The domestication of plants and animals has led to important changes in the biology and the genetic diversity of domesticated species, and at the same time setting a new way of life for humans. In this process, several species of birds have been domesticated across all continents. This chapter re...
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Crop disease control efficacy and selection for resistance: two sides of the same coin?
Fungicides are used to control plant disease, so any resistance management strategy of practical relevance needs to provide effective disease control. In general, a more intense treatment programme, with higher dosages and/or more applications will exert a higher selection pressure to the pathoge...
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Investigating the biology of rice blast disease and prospects for durable resistance
There are important biological process involved in rice blast disease that are now well-studied during the early events in plant infection which include: the cell biology of appressorium formation, the biology of invasive growth and effector secretion, the two distinct mechanisms of effector secr...
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Trends in exploring wheat and barley germplasm for novel disease resistance traits
Wheat and barley are major food crops grown for human consumption worldwide, yet the sustained production of these important cereals continues to be threatened by rapidly evolving fungal pathogens. This chapter highlights recent advancements in phenotyping, genotyping and other breeding technolog...
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Producing consistent quality meat from the modern pig
Pork producers have focussed, over many years, on producing pork efficiently and sustainably, in order to satisfy consumer demand for lean pork and remain competitive. Increases in efficiency and leanness have been achieved through genetics, targeted nutrition and the use of entire males and meta...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of tomatoes
This book reviews key developments in tomato breeding, including developing improved varieties with desirable traits such as drought or pest resistance. It also discusses ways of improving cultivation techniques as well as pests, diseases and their control.
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Improving the effective use of nitrogen on major field crops across the globe: a new paradigm
Foundational concepts for characterization of nitrogen (N) nutrition in field crops are necessary to define true N gains in crops under different genotype-environment-management (GxExM) scenarios. A study (Ciampitti and Lemaire, 2022) emphasized the requirement to redefine N use (herein termed as...
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Trends in farm information management systems
Farm managers must make numerous decisions every day. Farm management information systems (FMIS) can assist farmers in their daily collection of data, decision-making and reporting as well as in communication with stakeholders. After defining FMIS, this chapter defines functional requirements and...
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Wheat pests: insects, mites, and prospects for the future
Wheat pests are the subject of this chapter and the previous one. There are four major taxa of wheat pests. Rodents and nematodes were discussed in the previous chapter. Insects and mites are discussed in this chapter. Case studies are presented for eight species: Hessian fly, orange wheat blosso...
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The response of forest trees to abiotic stress
Trees, as long-living organisms, have to face varying growing conditions during their lifetime. This chapter introduces abiotic stress in trees, considering its interaction with biotic stress and examining the links between environmental dynamics and changes in stress. This chapter addresses the ...
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Grain legume–cereal intercropping systems
There is currently renewed interest in intercropping in Europe in order to achieve sustainable, ecological or eco-functional intensification of agricultural production, particularly in organic farming. This chapter summarises data from over 50 field experiments undertaken since 2001 on cereal–gra...
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Advances in understanding plant root hairs in relation to nutrient acquisition and crop root function
Root hairs are found on most terrestrial flowering plant species. They form from epidermal cells at a predetermined distance behind the growing root tip in three main patterns. Their presence, pattern, length, density and function are genetically controlled and numerous genes are expressed solely...
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Food losses and waste: terminology, definitions, quantification and causes
Prevention, reduction and management of food losses and waste (FLW) have gained an increased global interest since 2011, when the first global FLW report was published by the FAO, and culminated in 2015 with the launch of SDG 12.3. Food insecurity, food systems’ sustainability, and climate change...
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Chemical composition of soils: role in soil health
Integrated nutrient management systems that use a holistic approach, using inorganic fertilizers as well as management practices aimed to increase soil organic matter, are needed to improve soil health. Management practices need to take into account differences in soil properties, climate and ava...
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Freckle disease of banana
Freckle disease on banana is becoming more prevalent and in recent years has emerged as a disease of economic importance in some parts of the world. In places where the disease occurs it is a challenge to produce high quality, unblemished banana fruit for export markets. Although freckle disease ...
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Understanding crop responses to controlled climates in greenhouses
Understanding plant responses to environmental factors is crucial in controlled environment crop production. This chapter summarizes current understanding of interactions of key aerial environmental factors affecting plant growth and their strategic applications to improve the productivity, profi...
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Developing seaweed/macroalgae as feed for pigs
Macroalgae are a promising source of nutritional ingredients including proteins, polysaccharides and minerals. The need to increase animal and feed production has increased interest in macroalgae as underutilised resources with promising applications as alternative animal feeds. This chapter summ...
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Integrated management of arthropod pests of cassava: the case of southeast asia
High-yielding varieties and improved agronomy have led to substantial increases in cassava crop productivity throughout Southeast Asia; however, in recent years, those advances are being jeopardized by recurrent outbreaks of several non-native arthropod pests and (insect-vectored) pathogens. In t...
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Key issues in transportation of broiler and layer chicks
Whilst there has been significant research on improvements to design, equipment and operation for transport of broiler chickens and end of lay laying hens, far less attention has been paid to the transportation of pullet chicks and pullets. This chapter reviews legislative requirements as well as...
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Cassava for industrial uses
Cassava serves not only as a staple food for mankind but also as an industrial crop for food and non-food applications. The roots with high starch contents are processed to dried chips and extracted pure starch. The production scale varies from household level, small and medium-sized enterprises ...
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Advances in machine vision technologies for the measurement of soil texture, structure and topography
This chapter examines advances in machine vision technologies for the measurement of soil texture, structure and topography. It starts by providing an overview of the basic principles of machine vision technologies, focusing on areas such as 3D surface modelling and various methods of soil thin s...
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Optimizing livestock manure as a biofertilizer and bioenergy source
This chapter provides an overview of the main technologies for manure valorization into bioenergy and biofertilizer products. It discusses developments in more established technologies such as solid-liquid (S/L) separation, anaerobic digestion and composting. It also reviews more innovative techn...
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The sustainability and ‘carbon footprints’ of conventional and alternative beef production systems
The beef industry faces a significant challenge in producing sufficient food to supply the requirements of the growing population, while maintaining a culture of continuous improvement and reducing environmental impacts per unit of beef produced. Since the late 1970’s, the US beef industry made s...
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The principles and processes of sorghum breeding
This chapter provides an overview of the basic principles and processes involved in the breeding of sorghum. A number of standard field operations are described, such as crossing, emasculation and harvesting, followed by a discussion of various methods of selection and topcrossing. After describi...
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Advances in analytical techniques for detecting contaminants in soils
Soil contamination, stemming from both anthropogenic and natural origins, remains a critical environmental and public health concern. This contamination spectrum is diverse, encompassing inorganic elements like heavy metal(loid)s—lead, mercury, arsenic—and organic compounds such as pesticide resi...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of temperate zone tree fruits and berries volume 2
The second volume in this collection reviews advances in breeding and cultivation of key stone fruits (peach, cherry, plum and apricot), pome fruits (pear and apple), and berry fruits (strawberry, raspberry, blackberry and blueberry).
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Ecological intensification of banana production systems
Bananas have a bright cropping future – a high diversity of cultivars in taste, aroma and texture, all with recognized health properties and cropping methods offering soil protection, minimal tillage and adaptation to a wide range of climates, even with climate change. However, growers face deman...
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Poultry feedstuff management and feed formulation utilizing big data
A feed formulation program is used to determine a compound feed that meets all of its nutritional requirements and is at the lowest possible cost (least cost). This chapter addresses current challenges facing feed formulation programs, including the need to account for sustainability issues as we...
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Advances in cultivation of almonds: effects of genotypes, environment and cultural techniques
The chapter is an overview of the recent research advances in almond scion and rootstock genotypes, orchard management, including irrigation and fertilization, emphasizing an integrated approach including the environment. The chapter looks ahead to areas for further research in almond tree eco-ph...
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Advances in the development and use of vaccines for prevention of endemic diseases in pigs
The current trend of pig/swine production towards intensive industrialised production creates a window of opportunity for pathogens to spread between and within farms. The main focus of vaccination are gilts and weaners. For gilts the challenge is to acclimatise them before entering the breeding ...
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Implementing sustainable land use change programmes
This chapter covers implementing sustainable land use change programmes. It explores how these schemes have evolved alongside the principles of sustainable land management, how they are shaped by the culture of the UK nations within which they develop, and how the role and importance of the lando...
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Moko bacterial wilt of banana
This chapter discusses Moko bacterial wilt, the most serious bacterial disease affecting bananas and plantains. It starts by describing the main external and internal symptoms of the disease. The chapter then reviews advances in understanding the taxonomy and classification of disease-causing str...
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Advances and challenges in sustainable raspberry/blackberry cultivation
Rubus crops are important for human health and for employment in rural communities. As demand for these berry crops increases at a time of changing climate and consumer awareness of real and/or perceived risks associated with traditional growing practices including inputs, new breeding strategies...
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Identifying and managing plant health risks for key african crops: cassava
The long history of cassava as a hardy crop, relatively free from diseases and pests’ attacks, ended in the 1970s when the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti and the cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa invaded Africa and devastated the crop to the point of wiping it out as was the case w...
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Crop improvement in jackfruit
This chapter focuses on advances in breeding of jackfruit. It reviews the origin, distribution and varieties of the fruit. It then looks at uses and nutritional composition, before discussing breeding and providing examples of improved varieties of jackfruit.
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Spectral manipulations to control growth and quality of lettuce and other leafy greens in vertical farms
Selecting the optimal light environment for plant growth and development, and reducing the amount of electric energy consumed by lighting are both essential to improve the economic operations of vertical farming. Compared with photosynthetic photon flux density and light period, the effects of li...
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The use of internet of things (iot) to improve transparency in agri-food supply chains
Global food production needs to increase by approximately 70% by 2050 to ensure food security and feed the global population which is expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050. To achieve these objectives in a sustainable manner, there is a need for modernisation and intensification of agricultural p...
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Transportation and the welfare of poultry
A variety of factors before and during transport of poultry affect their welfare, with impacts ranging from slight discomfort to death. This chapter begins by considering the pre-loading factors which can eventually affect the birds’ welfare during transportation, and then reviews the physiologic...
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