This overview of Africa is intended as an introduction for people who have a professional contact with the continent, such as workers in NGOs and international organizations, investors in emerging markets, bankers and people in business, diplomats, as well as teachers and students.
Birgit Englert
Women's Land Rights and Privatization in Eastern Africa
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In the context of increasing privatization and land reform these case studies reveal how reforms impact on women's rights to land and how these rights are contested or upheld.
This volume focuses on the impact on women's land rights from the contemporary drive towards the formulation and implementation of land tenure reforms which aim primarily at the private registration of land. It is solidly groundedin the findings from seven case studies, all based on in-depth qualitative research, from various regions of Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda. The detailed, local level research in this volume not only challenges the status quo, but demonstrates that another world is possible and documents the many ways women in Eastern Africa are finding to ensure their rights to land. BIRGIT ENGLERT is Assistant Professor in the Department of African Studies at the University of Vienna, Austria; ELIZABETH DALEY is an independent land consultant. Uganda: Fountain Publishers(PB); Kenya: EAEP(PB); Tanzania: E&D Vision Publishing(PB)
Martin Banham
African Theatre 7: Companies
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Profiles theatre companies in Africa working creatively in the context of financial and political constraints.
A close scrutiny of how theatre companies operate is an often neglected aspect of theatre life in Africa, yet, as companies profiled here grapple with the issues of 'creativity and collaboration' much is revealed about the way theatre companies across the continent face the challenges of financial constraints, the political complications of sponsorship and funding, the need for creative or intellectual freedoms, the intricacies of contracts and the crucial decisions about venues and audiences.
Volume Editor: JAMES GIBBS, University of the West of England. Series editors: Martin Banham, James Gibbs, Femi Osofisan
The contributors include: DEXTER LYNDERSAY, FOLUKE OUGUNLEYE, SIRI LANGE, ALLY MKUMBILA, BRACCO CHITOSA, MANFRED LOIMEIR, LUCY RICHARDSON, CHRISTINE MATZKE, VICTOR S. DUGGA, PATRICK-JUDE OTEH, BASIL JONES, MICHAEL WALLING, BRITISH COUNCIL, JOS REPERTORY THEATRE.
Professor Abdul Raufu Mustapha
Turning Points in African Democracy
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A team of scholars examine the radical political changes that have taken place since 1990 in eleven key countries in Africa.
Radical changes have taken place in Africa since 1990. What are the realities of these changes? What significant differences have emerged between African countries? What is the future for democracy in the continent? The editors have chosen eleven key countries to provide enlightening comparisons and contrasts to stimulate discussion among students. They have brought together a team of scholars who are actively working in the changing Africa of today.Each chapter is structured around a framing event which defines the experience of democratisation. The editors have provided an overview of the turning points in African politics. They engage with debates on how to study andevaluate democracy in Africa, such as the limits of elections. They identify four major themes with which to examine similarities and divergences as well as to explain change and continuity in what happened in the past.
ABDUL RAUFU MUSTAPHA is University Lecturer in African Politics at Queen Elizabeth House and Kirk-Greene Fellow at St Antony's College, University of Oxford; LINDSAY WHITFIELD is a Research Fellow at the Danish Institute of International Studies, Copenhagen.
JoAnn McGregor
Crossing the Zambezi
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This is the story of 150 years of conflict and contested claims over control and access to the waters and banks of the River Zambezi, one of Africa's longest and most important rivers.
This book is a history of claims to the Zambezi, focussed on the stretch of the river extending from the Victoria Falls downstream into Lake Kariba, which today constitutes the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is a story of150 years of conflict over the changing landscape of the river, in which the tension between the Zambezi's 'river people' and more powerful others has been central. The Zambezi is one of Africa's longest and most important rivers - securing access to its waters and control over its banks, traffic and commerce were crucial political priorities for leaders of precolonial states no less than their colonial and postcolonial successors. The book is about the ways in which the course of the Zambezi has shaped history, its shifting role as link, barrier or conduit, the political, economic and cultural uses of the technological projects that have transformed the landscape, and their legacies in the conflicts of today. By investigating how the claims made today by Zambezi 'river people' relate to longer history of claims and appropriations, the book contributes to long-standing debates over the relationship between geography and history, landscape and power.
JOANN MCGREGOR is a Lecturer in Geography at University College London
Kenneth Good
Diamonds, Dispossession and Democracy in Botswana
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Analyses the limits to democracy in Botswana.
Is Botswana still 'an African miracle'? Thanks to diamonds the country's growth rate was the highest in the world into the 1990s, and regular parliamentary elections judged free on polling day have been held since 1965. However aduopoly of presidentialism and ruling party preponderance has stimulated arrogance, complacency and corruption among the country's rulers. What is 'perpetual democracy'? The ruling BDP is kept in perpetual power by the first-past-the post election system. The President in Botswana is empowered to do whatever he pleases. President Mogae has amended the constitution to ensure the automatic succession of the Vice-President General Ian Khama, the son of Seretse and Ruth Khama.A new Directorate of Intelligence Services provides closer control of power. Why are the Khoisan confined to 'a gulag of special settlements'? The expulsion of the San from Central Kalahari Game Reservewas relentlessly enforced in 1997 and 2002. A multi-cultural coalition asserts that the government is implementing 'a philosophy of cultural genocide on the non-Tswana tribes'. How can the gift of diamonds be turned to reform? Professor Good asserts the need to strengthen and democratise the electoral and voting systems. He sees diversification as essential to reduce the dependency on diamonds. He urges the use of mineral wealth to reduce the gap between rich and poor; half of the population are at present in poverty in a rich country.
KENNETH GOOD was Professor of Politics at the University of Botswana when he was expelled from the country.
South Africa: Jacana
Kjetil Tronvoll
War and the Politics of Identity in Ethiopia
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Examines war and the impact of warfare on identity formation in Ethiopia.
Images of war, narratives of suffering and notions of ethnicity are intrinsically linked to Western perceptions of Africa. Filtered through a mostly international media the information of African wars is confined to narrow categories of explanation emerging from and adapted to a Western history and political culture. This book aims at reversing this process; to look at war and suffering from the point of view of those who fight it and suffer through it. Indoing so it reveals that the simplistic models explaining contemporary wars in Africa which are reproduced in a Western discourse are basically false. This book examines the understanding of war and the impact of warfare onthe formation and conceptualisation of identities in Ethiopia. Building on historical trajectories of enemy images, the recent Eritean-Ethiopian war [1998-2000] is used as an empirical backdrop to explore war's formative impact, by analysing politics of identity and shifting perceptions of enemies and allies.
KJETIL TRONVOLL is Professor in Human Rights, Peace and Conflict Studies at the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights, University of Oslo. Hisother publications include Brothers at War: Making Sense of the Eritrean-Ethiopian War (co-author; James Currey/Ohio University Press, 2000) and The Ethiopian Red Terror Trials: Transitional Justice Challenged (co-editor; James Currey 2009) .
Kjetil Tronvoll
The Ethiopian Red Terror Trials
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This collection analyses the approach taken by the current government of Ethiopia to deal with the massive human rights violations that took place from 1974 to 1991 under the Derg.
How was an autocratic emperor replaced by a totalitarian dictator? An unexpected popular upsurge in February 1974 made the ancien regime of Emperor Haile Selassie buckle. The Derg, a group of army officers led by an obscure and ruthless major Mengistu Hailemariam, seized power by military coup in September 1974 and removed the Emperor. What was the 'red terror'? The callous executions of members of the old regime initiated a cult of violence. The Derg were united by the shedding of blood. Search and destroy campaigns against militants led on to the full-blown 'red terror' in which thousands of the regime's opponents were brutally murdered in the streets. In what way was 'transitional justice' administered? The main officials were found guilty of genocide and crimes against humanity by the Ethiopian Federal High Court and sentenced to life imprisonment. Some of the minor officialshad already been sentenced to death, whilst President Mugabe has given Mengistu Hailemariam sanctuary in Zimbabwe.
KJETIL TRONVOLL is Professor in Human Rights, Peace and Conflict Studies at the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights, University of Oslo; CHARLES SCHAEFER is Associate Professor of African History, Valparaiso University; GIRMACHEW ALEMU ANEME is a Research Fellow at the Norwegian Centre for Human Rights, University of Oslo.
Ernest N Emenyonu
ALT 28 Film in African Literature Today
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From Hollywood to Nollywood: this issue of African Literature Today examines the relationship between film and video and the literatures of Africa.
A recent literary phenomenon in contemporary Africa is the developing relationship between film and African literature. ALT 28 focuses on the interface between film and literature in contemporary African writing and imagination. Contributors have examined the issue from a variety of perspectives: critiques of adaptations of African creative works into film, analyses of filmic structures in African dramatic literature, African writers as film makers, and the impact of the video film industry on literature and the reading culture in Africa.
Ernest N. Emenyonu is Professor of the Department of Africana Studies, University of Michigan-Flint
Nigeria: HEBN
Joseph Hanlon
Do Bicycles Equal Development in Mozambique?
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Challenges some key assumptions of both the donors and the government about how development can be achieved in Mozambique.
Is Mozambique an African success story? It has 7 percent a year growth rate and substantial foreign investment. Fifteen years after the war of destabilisation, the peace has held. Mozambique is the donors' model pupil, carefully following their prescriptions and receiving more than a billion dollars a year in aid. The number of bicycles has doubled and this is often cited as the symbol of development. In this book the authors challenge some key assumptions of both the donors and the government and ask questions such as whether there has been too much stress on the Millennium Development Goals and too little support for economic development; if it makes sense to target thepoorest of the poor, or would it be better to target those who create the jobs which will employ the poor; whether there has been too much emphasis on foreign investment and too little on developing domestic capital; and if the private sector really will end poverty, or must there be a stronger role for the state in the economy? This book is about more than Mozambique. Mozambique is an apparent success story that is used to justify the present 'post-Washington consensus' development model. Here, the case of Mozambique is situated within the broader development debate.
Joseph Hanlon is Senior Lecturer at the Open University and the author of Beggar Your Neighbours; Mozambique: Who Calls the Shots?; and Peace without Profit (all published by James Currey) which have all made influential interventions in the development debate; Teresa Smart is Director of the London Mathematics Centre, Institute of Education.
Published in association with the Open University
Victoria Ellen Smith
Voices of Ghana
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Annotated, scholarly edition of the original landmark anthology, Voices of Ghana, containing poetry, plays, stories and essays first broadcast on radio in the years leading up to Ghana's independence.
Ghana's first radio programme of original literature, The Singing Net, began in 1955 as part of the development of a national radio station in the years leading to independence in 1957. Its central aim was to bring Ghanaianwriters to the forefront of cultural programming as part of the Africanisation of radio in Ghana. It was a critical cultural expression of the radical changes that were unfolding across the colonial world. The programme successfully introduced listeners to a series of pioneering Ghanaian authors who would go on to become significant figures of Anglophone West African literature in the early postcolonial decades: Efua Sutherland, Frank Parkes, Amu Djoleto,Geormbeeyi Adali-Mortty, Albert Kayper-Mensah, Kwesi Brew, Cameron Duodu, J.H. Nketia and many others. The anthology, Voices of Ghana (1958) is a collection of the poetry, short stories, play scripts and critical discussions that were aired on the Gold Coast Broadcasting Service (later the Ghana Broadcasting System) (1954-1958). Both The Singing Net and Voices of Ghana were edited by the BBC producer, Henry Swanzy. The context of Ghana's independence, the singularity of the anthology's history, and the significance of many of the writers all contribute to the importance of this text. This second edition is a timely intervention into recent debateswithin postcolonial studies and world literature on the importance of broadcast culture in the dissemination of "new literatures" from the colonial world. It includes an unabridged version of the 1958 text, a new introduction andfootnoted annotations, which draw on extensive research undertaken in Ghana and Britain. It will appeal to a general readership with an interest in Ghanaian literature, 1950s broadcast culture, the figure of Dr Kwame Nkrumah and the making of a national literature in the era of decolonisation, as well as engaging scholars. The new edition presents a deeply insightful and engaging history of Voices of Ghana and reintroduces the original works on theoccasion of the anthology's 60th anniversary.
Victoria Ellen Smith is a Lecturer in the Department of History, University of Ghana, Legon
Ghana & Nigeria: Sub-Saharan Publishers
Ian Scoones et al.
Zimbabwe's Land Reform
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Challenges the commonly held myths about Zimbabwe's land reform.
Ten years after the land invasions of 2000, this book provides the first full account of the consequences of these dramatic events. This land reform overturned a century-old pattern of land use, one dominated by a small group of large-scale commercial farmers, many of whom were white. But what replaced it?
This book challenges five myths through the examination of the field data from Masvingo province:
Myth 1 Zimbabwean land reform has been a total failure Myth 2 The beneficiaries of Zimbabwean land reform have been largely political 'cronies' Myth 3 There is no investment in the new resettlements Myth 4 Agriculture is in complete ruins creating chronic food insecurity Myth 5 The rural economy has collapsed By challenging these myths, and suggesting alternative policy narratives, this book presents the story as it has been observed on the ground: warts and all. What comes through very strongly is the complexity, the differences, almost farm by farm: there is no single, simple story of the Zimbabwe land reform as sometimes assumed by press reports, political commentators, or indeedmuch academic study.
Ian Scoones, Professorial Fellow, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, with co-authors Nelson Marongwe, Blasio Mavedzenge, Jacob Mahenehene, Felix Murimbarimba and Chrispen Sukume.
Zimbabwe: Weaver Press Southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana): Jacana
Dereje Feyissa, Markus Virgil Hoehne
Borders and Borderlands as Resources in the Horn of Africa
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Borders offer opportunities as well as restrictions, and in the Horn of Africa they are used as economic, political, identity and status resources by borderland peoples.
State borders are more than barriers. They structure social, economic and political spaces and as such provide opportunities as well as obstacles for the communities straddling both sides of the border. This book deals with the conduits and opportunities of state borders in the Horn of Africa, and investigates how the people living there exploit state borders through various strategies. Using a micro level perspective, the case studies, which includethe Horn and Eastern Africa, particularly the borders of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, focus on opportunities, highlight the agency of the borderlanders, and acknowledge the permeabilitybut consequentiality of the borders.
DEREJE FEYISSA, Max Planck Institute of Social Anthropology, Halle, Germany; MARKUS VIRGIL HOEHNE, Max Planck Institute of Social Anthropology, Halle, Germany.
Eldred Durosimi Jones
ALT 8 Drama in Africa: African Literature Today
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The re-issue of archival volumes ALT 1 to ALT 14 makes the complete series available and provides the historical perspective of these early contributions to the literature and its criticism.
First published in 1976, this volume has a focus on African drama and carries an introductory article by Ghanaian poet and playwright J.C. de Graft. There are three articles on Wole Soyinka's work as a playwright and an article onthe dramatic works of Ama Ata Aidoo, as well as an article on four dramatists from East Africa. The dilemmas of the popular playwright are discussed in an article on two Zambian writers and Eldred Jones's Editorial gives examplesfrom Sierra Leone of the challenges faced by more "popular" playwrights and those with the more "literary" concerns of publication.
Brenda Cooper
A New Generation of African Writers
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Brenda Cooper examines the work of the new generation of African writers who have placed migration as central to their writing.
There is a new interest among publishers in New York and London in books by writers of African origin. These authors have often grown up or passed their early adult years out of Africa. The Orange Prize for Fiction was awarded inLondon 2007 to Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun, and the Caine Prize for African Writing has introduced new writers such as Leila Aboulela, Biyi Bandele and Chimamanda Adichie herself to agents and publishers. This examination of the extraordinary work which has recently appeared is therefore very timely. Migration is a central theme of much African fiction written in English. Here, Brenda Cooper tracks the journeys undertakenby a new generation of African writers, their protagonists and the solid objects that populate their fiction, to depict the material realities of their multiple worlds and languages. The book explores the uses to which the Englishlanguage is put in order to understand these worlds. It demonstrates how these writers have contested the dominance of colonising metaphors. The writers' challenge is to find an English that can effectively express their many lives, languages and identities.
BRENDA COOPER is Director of the Centre for African Studies and a Professor in the Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Cape Town.
Southern Africa(South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Swaziland): University of KwaZulu-Natal Press (PB]
Thomas G. Kirsch
Domesticating Vigilantism in Africa
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An unprecedented overview of anthropological and political science research on vigilantism in Africa which makes an important and innovative contribution to current discussions on the relationship between violent self-justice andstate and non-state agencies.
Self-justice and legal self-help groups have been gaining importance throughout Africa. The question of who is entitled to formulate 'legal principles', enact 'justice', police 'morality' and sanction 'wrongdoings' has increasingly become a subject of controversy and conflict. These conflicts focus on the strained relationship between state sovereignty and citizens' self-determination. More particularly, they concern the conditions, modes and means of thelegitimate execution of power, and in this volume are seen as a diagnostics as to how social actors in Africa debate and practise socio-political order. State agencies try to bring vigilante groups under control by channelling their activities, repressing them, or using them for their own interests. Vigilante groups usually must struggle for recognition and acceptance in local socio-political spheres. As several of the contributions in the volume show, legal self-help groups in Africa therefore 'domesticate' themselves by, among other things, seeking legitimation, engaging in publicly acceptable non-vigilante activities, or institutionalizing what often began as a rather unrestrained and 'disorderly' social movement.
Thomas G. Kirsch is Professor & Chair of Social & Cultural Anthropology at the University of Constance, Germany; Tilo Grätz is Senior Research Fellow at the University of Hamburg, Germany & Associate Lecturer at the University of Halle-Wittenberg.
Dereje Feyissa, Markus Virgil Hoehne
Borders and Borderlands as Resources in the Horn of Africa
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Borders offer opportunities as well as restrictions, and in the Horn of Africa they are used as economic, political, identity and status resources by borderland peoples.
State borders are more than barriers. They structure social, economic and political spaces and as such provide opportunities as well as obstacles for the communities straddling both sides of the border. This book deals with the conduits and opportunities of state borders in the Horn of Africa, and investigates how the people living there exploit them through various strategies. Using a micro level perspective, the case studies, which include the borders of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, focus on opportunities, highlight the agency of the borderlanders, and acknowledge the permeability but consequentiality of the borders.
Dereje Feyissa is Africa Research Director at the International Law and Policy Institute and Adjunct Professor at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. Markus Virgil Hoehne is a Lecturer at the Institute of Anthropology at Leipzig University.
Terence Ranger
Bulawayo Burning
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A unique and stylish contribution to the social history of African cities and Zimbabwean cultural life.
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This book is designed as a tribute and response to Yvonne Vera's famous novel Butterfly Burning, which is set in the Bulawayo townships in 1946 and dedicated to the author. It is an attempt to explorewhat historical research and reconstruction can add to the literary imagination. Responding as it does to a novel, this history imitates some fictional modes. Two of its chapters are in effect 'scenes', dealing with brief periods of intense activity. Others are in effect biographies of 'characters'. The book draws upon and quotes from a rich body of urban oral memory. In addition to this historical/literary interaction the book is a contribution to the historiography of southern African cities, bringing out the experiential and cultural dimensions, and combining black and white urban social history.
TERENCE RANGER was Emeritus Rhodes Professor of Race Relations, University of Oxford and author of many books including Writing Revolt, Are we not also Men? (1995), Voices from the Rocks (1999) and was co-editor of Violence and Memory (2000).
Zimbabwe: Weaver Press
Elke Grawert
After the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in Sudan
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The Sudanese peace agreement reached a crisis point in its final year. This book offers an analysis of the impact of the implementation of the agreement on different Sudanese communities and neighbouring regions.
After a long process of peace negotiations the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed on 9 January 2005 between the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). The CPA raised initialhopes that it would be the foundation block for lasting peace in Sudan. This book compiles scholarly analyses of the implementation of the power sharing agreement of the CPA, of ongoing conflicts with particular respect to land issues, of the challenges of the reintegration of internally displaced people and refugees, and of the repercussions of the CPA in other regions of Sudan as well as in neighbouring countries.
Elke Grawert is SeniorLecturer at the Institute for Intercultural & International Studies (InIIS), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Bremen, Germany.
Roger Field
Alex la Guma
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The life and works of South African writer, political activist and artist, from his early life in District Six, his arrest and trial for treason, to his eventual reluctant exile in Cuba.
Best known as a novelist and political activist, Alex la Guma (1925-85) was also a journalist, comic strip artist, reviewer, sketcher, painter, short story writer and travel writer. Born in Cape Town's famous multiracial DistrictSix, he was a founder member of the South African Coloured People's Organisation and a leading member of the Congress Alliance during the 1950s and 1960s. Due to his political activity he was detained without trial, shot at, placed under house arrest, and ultimately tried for treason in 1956-61. He reluctantly went into exile in 1966, where he continued his writing and political work for the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party, travelling widely as an ANC spokesperson on cultural matters. In 1979 he became the ANC's Chief Representative in Central and Latin America and moved to Havana, where he died in 1985. La Guma attracted the attention of critics and literary scholars from the time his first short stories appeared in the 1950s, and he has been hailed by such important literary figures as Achebe, Soyinka and J.M. Coetzee. His novels continue to sell steadily and inspire comments by literary critics, who have studied different aspects of his work, but who have left the rest of his life and his literary and political influences relatively untouched. Drawing on a far wider range of his writing and artwork, some previously unpublished, this book combines biography with literary and political analyses to offer fresh insights into his major texts: A Walk in the Night (1962), And a Threefold Cord (1964),The Stone Country (1967), In the Fog of the Seasons' End (1972) , A Soviet Journey (1975) and Time of the Butcherbird(1979).
ROGER FIELD is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of English atthe University of the Western Cape.
Southern Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana): Jacana (PB)
Arlene A. Elder
Narrative Shape-Shifting
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The hybrid novels of Ben Okri, B. Kojo Laing, and Yvonne Vera address contemporary African politics in contrasting styles but complementary religious, cultural, and feminist approaches.
Responding to many of the same neo-colonial concerns as earlier African writers, Ben Okri, B. Kojo Laing and Yvonne Vera bring contemporary, hybrid voices to their novels that explore spiritual, cultural and feminist solutions toAfrica's complex post-independence dilemmas. Their work is informed by both African and western traditions, especially the influences of traditional oral storytelling and post-modern fictional experimentation. Yet each is unique: Ben Okri is a religious writer steeped in the metaphysical complexities of a traditional symbiosis of physical and spiritual co-existence; B. Kojo Laing's humor grounds itself in linguistic play and outrageous characterization; Yvonne Vera translates her eco-feminist hope in political and social transformation with a focus on the developing political actions of Zimbabwean women. All three reflect on the colonial and post-independence turmoil in their respective countries of birth - Nigeria, Ghana and Zimbabwe. Together, they represent the evolution of a brilliant contemporary generation of post-independence voices.
ARLENE A. ELDER is Professor ofWomen's Studies at the University of Cincinnati. She is the author of The Hindered Hand: Cultural Implications of Nineteenth-Century African-American Fiction and has published essays and articles on African, African-American, Native-American and Australian Aboriginal literatures and orature.
Elizabeth E. Watson
Living Terraces in Ethiopia
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Living Terraces is both an ethnographic and historical account of the terraces of Konso in southern Ethiopia.
Terraced agricultural landscapes in Africa are remarkable feats of human engineering and social organization, enabling the conservation of soil and water and the cultivation of food. Indigenous terraced landscapes are all the morevaluable because they have been produced by the people themselves and maintained for several hundred years, evidencing a valuable degree of sustainability. Yet until this book, there have been few accounts of how such landscapesin Africa are produced and maintained over time. Taking a period of approximately a hundred years, Living Terraces is both an ethnography and history of the terraces of Konso in southern Ethiopia. It traces the way Konso agriculture and landscape has been produced and managed in close relationship with broader changes in Konso political and cultural lives. In shedding new light on the relationships between landscapes, livelihoods, culture and development, the book demonstrates the embeddedness of social institutions in areas of social, cultural, religious and political life, showing that social institutions cannot easily be abstracted, replicated or used instrumentallyfor development purposes. The result is a call for an approach to social institutions, so vital to development, which centralizes a study of culture, history and power in the analysis.
ELIZABETH E. WATSON is a Lecturerin the Department of Geography, University of Cambridge
Guma Kunda Komey
Land, Governance, Conflict and the Nuba of Sudan
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The conflict in the Nuba Mountains in central Sudan illustrates how state policies concerning the control of land can cause local conflicts to escalate into large scale wars, which become increasingly difficult to manage or resolve.
The conventional perspective on Sudan's recent civil war (1983-2005) - one of the longest and most complex conflicts in Africa - emphasises ethnicity as the main cause. This study, on the contrary, identifies the land factor as aroot cause that is central to understanding Sudan's local conflicts and large-scale wars.
Land rights are about relationships between and among persons, pertaining to different economic and ritual activities. Rights toland are intimately tied to membership in specific communities, from the family to the nation-state. Control over land in Africa has been, and still is, used as a means of defining identity and belonging, an instrument to control, and a source of, political power. Membership of these communities is contested, negotiable, and changeable over time. For national governments land is a national economic resource for public and private development, but the interests and rights of rural majorities and their sedentary or nomadic subsistence forms of life are often difficult to harmonise with land policies pursued by national governments. The state's exclusionary land policies and politicsof limiting or denying communities their land rights play a crucial role in causing local conflicts that then can escalate into large-scale wars. Land issues increase the complexity of a conflict, thereby reducing the possibilityof managing, resolving, or ultimately transforming it. The conflict in the Nuba Mountains in central Sudan, the regional focus in this study, is living proof of this transformation.
Guma Kunda Komey is Assistant Professor of Human Geography, Juba University, Sudan.
Thomas Spear
Mountain Farmers
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Studies the impact of colonialism on a mountainous region of Tanzania.
This work examines the struggle between the Meru and Arusha peoples and their German and British rulers over the issue of land and agricultural development on Mount Meru in northern Tanzania. It shows how the Meru and Arashi, faced with an iron ring of land alienated by European settlers successfully intensified their own irrigated agriculture to bring about what has been termed an indigenous agricultural revolution.
Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota
Ernest N Emenyonu
ALT 27 New Novels in African Literature Today
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This issue of African Literature Today focuses on new novels by emerging as well as established African novelists.
This is a seminal work that discusses the validity of the perception that the new generation of African novelists is remarkably different in vision, style, and worldview from the older generation. The contention is that the oldergeneration novelists who were too close to the colonial period in Africa had invariably made culture-conflict and little else their dominant thematic concern while the younger generation novelists are more versatile in their thematic preoccupations, and are more global in their vision and style. Do the facts in the novels justify and validate these claims? The 13 papers in this volume have been carefully selected to consider these issues. Brenda Cooper a renowned literary scholar from Cape Town writes on Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus, while Charles Nnolim writes about Adichie's more recent novel Half of a Yellow Sun; Omar Sougou of Universite GastonBerger, Senegal discusses 'ambivalent inscriptions' in Buchi Emecheta's later novels; Clement Okafor of the University of Maryland, addresses the theme of 'racial memory' in Isidore Okpewho's Call Me By My Rightful Name, juxtaposed between the world of the old and the realities of the present. Joseph McLaren, Hofstra University, New York, discusses Ngugi's latest novel, Wizard of the Crow, while Machiko Oike, Hiroshima University, Japan looksat a new theme in African adolescent literature, 'youth in an era of HIV/AIDS'. There is abundant evidence of the contrasts and diversities which characterize the African novel not only geographically, but also ideologically andgenerationally.
ERNEST EMENYONU is Professor of the Department of Africana Studies University of Michigan-Flint.
Nigeria: HEBN
David Kerr
African Popular Theatre
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An overview of African popular theatre, its history and contemporary forms
In this survey of theatre forms in sub-Saharan Africa from pre-colonial times to the present day, popular theatre is interpreted widely to include not only conventional drama, but such non-literary forms of performance as dance, mime, dramatised story-telling, masquerades, improvised urban vaudeville theatre, and the theatre of resistance and social action. The book also considers theatre embedded in the modern media of film, radio and television.
Kenya: EAEP
Aderanti Adepoju
Gender, Work and Population in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Examines evidence from across the region and highlights important areas in which policy-relevant research is required.
If policies enhancing human development are to be put into practice then consideration is needed of the contribution of women to the labour market in sub-Saharan Africa, where women have the highest rates of economic activity andfertility in a context of the highest levels of maternal and child mortality in the world.
Published in association with the International Labour Office (ILO)
Kenji Yoshida, John Mack
Preserving the Cultural Heritage of Africa
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Addresses the continuing problems of the export of art and artefacts from Africa, and also of the design and target audiences of exhibitions both within and outside the continent.
The outflow of archaeological or artistic work from Africa, together with the ways of exhibiting African treasures outside Africa, are emerging as serious issues both in political and ethical terms. They are typified by a series of hot disputes concerning the legality of the exhibition of Nok terracotta pieces from Nigeria in the Louvre. Meanwhile in Africa, there has been an upsurge of active efforts by many ethnic groups - in Mali, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, South Africa and elsewhere - to create or re-create their own cultures by reviewing their cultural legacy. The book discusses the question: 'How should Africa's cultural heritage be preserved?' Scholars and museum professionals fromAfrica, Europe, America and Japan clarify the significance of 'Cultural Heritage' for African people in postcolonial Africa. They also explore how scholars and museum professionals outside Africa can support African colleagues inhanding down their cultural legacy to future generations.
Kenji Yoshida is Professor at the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan; John Mack, formerly Keeper of Ethnography at the British Museum, is Professor of World Art at the University of East Anglia. The contributors include: RUMI UMINO, GODFREY MAHACHI, TEREBA TOGOLA, GEORGE S. MUDENDA, JASPER MORGAN CHALCRAFT, NORIKO AIKAWA-FAURE, ANITRA NETTLETON, MOYO OKEDIJI, YUKIYA KAWAGUCHI, TETSUYA KAMEI, MARY NOOTER ROBERTS, SHOICHIRO TAKEZAWA and KIPROP LAGAT
South Africa: Unisa Press (PB)
C.J. Driver
Patrick Duncan
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With a Foreword by Anthony Sampson
Born son of a Governor-General of South Africa, Patrick Duncan rejected the attitudes of his privileged background to follow the Gandhian way of passive reistance, even to jail. This biography traces the life and times of Duncan and the changes and struggles in late-twentieth century South Africa.
Ngwabi Bhebe, T.O. Ranger
Society in Zimbabwe's Liberation War
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These two companion volumes on Soldiers and Society give new perspectives on Zimbabwe's liberation struggle.
This work examines people's beliefs, ideas and experiences both during Zimbabwe's liberation war and afterwards. The contributors look at African religion and Christianity and explore the efforts to educate people for a new society. They also look at the ideas used by whites to justify brutality and at the civilian experiences at the hands of the guerillas and the Fifth Brigade. Finally, they ask whether the new ideas were carried on after the war had ended.
Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe Publications
Adebayo O Olukoshi
The Politics of Structural Adjustment in Nigeria
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Examines the impact of structural adjustment policies on Nigeria.
The economic crisis in the Nigerian economy in 1982 was triggered, though not necessarily caused by, the collapse of the world oil market. The Nigerian state adopted a structural adjustment programme which was approved by the World Bank and the IMF - that decision raised questions about the nature of the crisis and the appropriateness of free market policies in tackling it.
Nigeria: HEBN
Bernth Lindfors
Black African Literature in English 1997-1999
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This volume lists the work produced on anglophone black African literature between 1997 and 1999.
This bibliographic work is a continuation of the highly acclaimed earlier volumes compiled by Bernth Lindfors. Containing about 10,000 entries, some of which are annotated to identify the authors discussed, it covers books, periodical articles, papers in edited collections and selective coverage of other relevant sources.
Donald Crummey
Banditry, Rebellion and Social Protest in Africa
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Marks a new stage in African resistance studies.
Previous work has tended to place the subject of resistance studies exclusively within an anticolonial context. This collection broadens the concept to include crime and violence.
Ngugi wa Thiong'o
Writers in Politics
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This book reflects many of the concerns found in Decolonising the Mind and Moving the Centre.
Ngugi has put together a new collection under an old title, rewriting most of the pieces that appeared in the original 1981 edition, and adding completely new essays, such as 'Freedom of Expression', written for the campaign to try to save Ken Saro-Wiwa and other Niger Delta activists and writers from execution in Nigeria.
Kenya: EAEP
Simon Gikandi
Reading Chinua Achebe
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Analysis of the writings of Chinua Achebe aimed at students of literature.
Simon Gikandi has set out to reveal '...the very nature of [Achebe's] creativity, its prodigious complexity and richness...its paradoxes and ambiguities. This is scholarship of real stature and supersedes all other studies of Achebe's writing. It comes at a good time. Achebe's literary reputation is equal to that of any living author and a substantial critical canon has been established. - G.D. Killam, Professor of English, University of Guelph
Kenya: EAEP
David Hulme, Marshall W. Murphree
African Wildlife and Livelihoods
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This volume examines just how successful community-based conservation approaches have been in their twin objectives of conserving African environments and improving rural livelihoods.
Recent conservation policies in Africa have followed three main principles: 1) that conservation should be community-based; 2) that things conserved should be managed to achieve both development and conservation goals; 3) that markets should play a role in shaping the incentives for conservation. The editors and contributors of this volume examine the success or otherwise of these practices in a number of different contexts across the continent.
This volume reveals the historical dynamism of what appears at first sight to be a forgotten backwater.
Meganisi is one of the smallest and most remote of the Greek Ionian islands. From another point of view, it is the centre of the world, and its sailors travel literally from China to Peru while its migrants maintain familial connections from Johannesburg to Montreal. The villages of Meganisi are tightly-knit communities and this detailed ethnographic study explores the basis on which the islanders' solidarity and sense of identity are constructed andreconstructed despite population mobility and economic change: the values, sentiments and structures of kinship and family.
Series Editors: Wendy James & N.J. Allen
Martin Hall
Archaeology Africa
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Provides a detailed introduction to archaeology as practised in the African continent.
Martin Hall explains how archaeologists find sites, design an excavation, date finds, and write history. The reader is given an outline of the history of the African continent, from the early hominids to the present.
South Africa: David Philip/New Africa Books
Colin Bundy
Rise and Fall of the South African Peasantry
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With a Preface reviewing some of the debates prompted by the earlier edition of this book.
The first edition of this book was hailed as a major reinterpretation of South African history. It criticised the prevailing view that African agriculture was primitive or backward, and attacked the notion that poverty and lack ofdevelopment were a result of 'traditionalism'. Bundy's work introduced the idea that by the late nineteenth and early twentieth century capitalist development in South Africa was increasingly hostile to peasant producers and a massive onslaught was launched against them - the understanding of this was vital to an understanding of both the South African past and present.
Jeremy MacClancy
Expressing Identities in the Basque Arena
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Redresses the balance on the human and cultural aspects of the idea of being Basque in the modern world.
Everyday nationalism, the human and cultural aspects of identity, is a neglected subject in the literature on nationalism in Europe. Jeremy MacClancy redresses the balance in this unusual and sharp book on the human and cultural aspects of the idea of being Basque in the modern world. The style is fresh and colloquial, dealing with several of the kinds of issues that usually appear in popular magazines - cuisine, football, art and graffiti - but the treatment is serious and illustrative of underlying currents in social life. MacClancy argues that the ethnographic understanding of nationalisms, rather than the orthodox studies of ideology, political parties, social classesand centre-periphery clashes - offers a more nuanced comprehension of the lived reality of people in areas where nationalism is a significant force. This is very much nationalism from the bottom up.
JEREMY MACCLANCY is Professor of Social Anthropology at Oxford Brookes University
Series editors: Wendy James & Nick Allen
Martin Banham
African Theatre 1: African Theatre in Development
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This volume features the play Babalawo, Mystery-Master by Agbo Sikuade.
First title in the African Theatre series with accounts of Theatre for Development workshops and critical discussions of the theme which continues to be a major area of endeavour in African theatre. Series editors: Martin Banham, James Gibbs, Femi Osofisan
North America: Indiana University Press
Leo Howe
Hinduism and Hierarchy in Bali
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The book looks at how conflict and competition between various forms of Hinduism undermines and sustains relations of hierarchy.
In the context of Dutch colonialism, world war, the incorporation of Bali into the Indonesian state and the tourist boom, this book examines the complex relationships between the changing nature and continuing relevance of Balinese hierarchy, the neo-Hindu reforms of Balinese religion, and the impact these have had on new forms of identity. Since at least the 1920s commoners and other intellectuals and reformers have sought ways to challenge Balinesecaste hierarchy, both through egalitarian re-interpretations of Balinese institutions and through changing religious ideas and practices. State initiatives to transform 'traditional' Balinese religion into monotheistic and more 'authentic' form of Hinduism have precipitated the appearance of many indigenous new religious movements and the importation from India of devotional forms of Hinduism (Sai Baba and Hare Krishna), which has created a vastly more intricate religious landscape. These various forms of Hinduism, and the conflict and competition between, both undermine and sustain relations of hierarchy. Through historically informed, ethnographic analyses of status competition, caste conflict, ritual inflation, religious innovation, and the cultural politics of identity this book, written in an accessible style, makes a major contribution to our understanding of modern Balinese society and its future development.
Series editors: Wendy James & N.J. Allen
Ernest N Emenyonu
ALT 26 War in African Literature Today
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How have African writers addressed the issue of war and its impact across the continent?
Since the second half of the twentieth century, no single phenomenon has marred the image and development of Africa more than senseless fratricidal wars which rapidly followed the political independence of nations. This issue ofAfrican Literature Today is devoted to studies of how African writers, as historical witnesses, have handled the recreation of war as a cataclysmic phenomenon in various locations on the continent. The contributors explore the subject from a variety of perspectives: panoramic, regional, national and through comparative studies. War has enriched contemporary African literature, but at what price to human lives, peace and the environment?
ERNESTEMENYONU is Professor of the Department of Africana Studies University of Michigan-Flint. The contributors include: CHIMALUM NWANKWO, CHRISTINE MATZKE, CLEMENT A. OKAFOR, INIBONG I. UKO, OIKE MACHIKO, SOPHIE OGWUDE, MAURICE TAONEZVI VAMBE, ZOE NORRIDGE and ISIDORE DIALA.
Nigeria: HEBN
Terence Ranger
Are We Not Also Men?
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Terence Ranger collected a range of sources, including the archive of Thompson's papers, the National Archives and oral interviews.
This work provides a collective biography of Thompson Samkange and of two of his sons, Sketchley and Stanlake. Thompson Samkange was born in 1893 at the time that his land was being overwhelmed from the South. He was one of the founders of the African press. Stanlake Samkange, Professor of History and writer of historical novels, lived to see the achievement of Zimbabwe's independence in 1980. Terence Ranger has had access to a range of sources, including the archive of Thompson's papers, found in a tin trunk which had been kept amongst rats and damp in a laundry. He also discovered a large body of evidence for the modern history of Methodism in the National Archives. However,much of this book depends on the information gleaned from oral interviews.
Zimbabwe: Baobab
Eldred Jones
ALT 13 Recent Trends in the Novel: African Literature Today
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The re-issue of archival volumes ALT 1 to ALT 14 makes the complete series available and provides the historical perspective of these early contributions to the literature and its criticism.
First published in 1983, this volume looks at new developments in the African novel and also at those aspects of more established works that received less critical attention, such as writing from southern Africa, to which censorship and war restricted access. Eldred Jones in his Editorial also cites the "searing impact of the Nigerian Civil War, on the consciousness, not just on Nigerians, but on Africans as a whole". There are also contributions on Nigerian populist Kole Omotoso and Dambudzo Marechera's prize-winning House of Hunger. One of the most significant trends is the emergence of the powerful feminist talents of Buchi Emecheta, Flora Nwapa, Bessie Head, Ama Ata Aidoo and Rebeka Njau. Articles by Eustace Palmer and Femi Ojo-Ade examine the depth and intensity with which some new novelists present the female point of view.
Bernth Lindfors
Black African Literature in English, 1992-1996
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This volume lists all the important work produced on anglophone black African literature between 1992 and 1996.
This bibliographic work is a continuation of the earlier volumes compiled by Bernth Lindfors. Containing about 9000 entries, some of which areannotated to identify the authors discussed, it covers books, periodical articles, papers in edited collections and selective coverage of other relevant sources. Also included are a substantial number of African newspaper and magazine articles.
David M. Anderson, R.J.A.R. Rathbone
Africa's Urban Past
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Urbanization has been an important feature of Africa's history for over 2000 years.
Towns and cities have been arenas around which societies have organized themselves: as centres of trade and economic activity; as foci of political action and authority; as military garrisons; as sites of ritual power; and as places of refuge and collective security in troubled times. This collection reveals the depth of urbanization in African history.
Jane Wilkinson
Talking with African Writers
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Fifteen writers from Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa and Zimbabwe talk about their own work and about writing in general.
Interviews with Kofi Anyidoho, Kofi Awoonor, Mohammed ben Abdallah, Chinua Achebe, Odia Ofeimun, Ben Okri, Wole Soyinka, Micere Githae Mugo, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Mazisi Kunene, Njabulo Ndebele, Essop Patel, Mongane Wally Serote, Tsitsi Dangarembga and Musaemura Bonas Zimunya. Among the subjects discussed in these lively interviews are the role of literary institutions, language policies, the development of written and oral cultures, and the social and political problems of post-colonial Africa.
Ngwabi Bhebe, T.O. Ranger
Soldiers in Zimbabwe's Liberation War
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These two companion volumes on Soldiers and Society give new perspectives on Zimbabwe's liberation struggle.
This work is an attempt to look at some of the realities of Zimbabwe's liberation war and at what happened afterwards, rather than at the comfortable myths. Both heroic and terrible deeds are recorded.
Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe Publications
Daniel Mkude
Higher Education in Tanzania
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Examines institutional transformation in the University of Dar es Salaam.
The Partnership for Higher Education in Africa commissioned case studies of higher education provision in Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa, as part of its effort to stimulate enlightened, equitable, and knowledge-based national development, and to provide guides to understanding.
The University of Dar es Salaam has put in place measures to stop the process of decay and better fulfil its core functions - the unity and commitment within its leadership attracting both government and donors. This text explores the attributes needed to harvest the fruits of the reform.
In association with Partnership for Higher Education in Africa; Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota
Paul Richards
Fighting for the Rain Forest
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Examines the war in Sierra Leone as a crisis of modernity.
Do small wars in Africa manifest a 'new barbarism'? What appears as random, anarchic violence is no such thing. The terrifying military methods of of Sierra Leone's soldiers may not fir conventional western models of warfare,but they are rational and effective nonetheless. The war must be understood partly as a 'performance', in which techniques of terror compensate for lack of equipment.
PAUL RICHARDS is Professor of Technology and Agrarian Development, Wageningen University
Published in association with the International African Institute
David Cook, Michael Okenimkpe
Ngugi wa Thiong'o
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Extensive use has been made of Ngugi's Detained: A Writer's Prison Diary
This interpretation of the work of Ngugi wa Thiong'o discusses his philosophy, writing style, social and political focus, and ultimate vision and aspirations. Each work of fiction is examined in depth, and there is an evaluation of Ngugi's standing as a writer and social figure. Separate chapters cover each of Ngugi's novels, from The River Between and Weep Not, Child to Matigari , as well as his drama and short stories. There is alsoan examination of his social commentaries in the popular press, to which the early formation of his ideological position can be traced.
Kenya: EAEP
Thomas J. Bassett, Donald Crummey
African Savannas
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This work outlines the importance of local knowledge for understanding environmental change.
African farmers and herders modify landscapes in far more subtle and unexpected ways than commonly depicted in environment and development debates. This interdisciplinary collection uses collaborative research from the major savanna regions which stretch across Africa to make its case, and covers topics such as land users and landscapes, pastoral ecologies and policy, producers and resources. Environmental thinking about Africa is dominated by narratives of degradation and chaos. The contributors demonstrate that the empirical foundations of such long-held views are shaky at best.
Emmanuel Ngara
Ideology and Form in African Poetry
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Explores the relationship between the social vision of poets and their styles.
Emmanuel Ngara evaluates the ability of poets to communicate with their readers. His previous studies on style and ideology made a considerable impact and he has now used the same technique to help students come to terms with thedemanding question of poetic style.
Keith Hart
Why Angola Matters
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Illustrated throughout.
This volume examines the history of Angola since independence in 1975, and in particular the fact that the country has known only one year of peace in that time. The contributions come from a conference held in Cambridge.
Olive Senior
Working Miracles
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Intended as an introductory sourcebook, Olive Senior provides a background to Caribbean literature, politics and society.
This text takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of women and gender issues in the Caribbean. Olive Senior, using her imaginative skills as a poet, has written a readable books based on a substantial academic examinationof women's lives and work in fourteen countries of the Caribbean. In addition she uses examples from literature and popular culture, adn the voices of the women themselves.
Caribbean: ISER, University of the West Indies
Adeola James
In Their Own Voices
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Interviews with a selection of African women writers.
This book makes a strong and compelling statement about the position of women writers and women in contemporary Africa using the words of the writers themselves', says Dennis Duerden, the author of the earlier African WritersTalking.
Mukulika Banerjee
The Pathan Unarmed
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Examines the rise in the inter-war years of a Gandhian influenced non-violent movement in the North West Frontier.
The Pukhtun (Pathan) of the North West Frontier are regarded as a warrior people. Yet in the inter-war years there arose a Muslim movement, the Khudai Khidmatgar (Servants of God), which adopted military forms of organizations anddress, but which also drew its inspiration from Gandhian principles of non-violent action and was dedicated to an Indian nationalism rather than communal separatism. Virtually erased from the national historiography of post-partition Pakistan, where they now reside, the ageing veterans of the movement are still highly respected by younger Pukhtun. This is an account of rank and file members of the Khudai Khidmatgar, describing why they joined, what they did, and how they perceived the ethics and aims of the movement. It attempts to answer the questions of how notoriously violent Pukhtun were converted to an ethic of non-violence. It finds the answer rooted in the transformation of older social structures, Islamic revisionism and the redefinition of the traditional code of honour.
South Asia excluding India: OUP
Series Editors: Wendy James & N.J. Allen
Roger C. Riddell
Manufacturing Africa
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The team of authors see this book as a contribution to lifting the standard of debate and towards restarting in-depth comparative research.
Concentrates on the seven countries which between them (excluding South Africa) account for 60 per cent of total manufacturing in sub-Saharan Africa. The contributors look at the role of manufacturing and industry in the development of these countries, arguing that future prosperity could be enhanced by a three-pronged approach to industrialisation. Published in association with the ODI
Roger Riddell
Foreign Aid Reconsidered
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A review of the theoretical debates around aid, providing a valuable resource for practitioners and students.
Foreign aid has always been a controversial subject. Roger Riddell provides a rigorous analysis of the criticisms which are made against aid from all parts of the political and ideological spectrum, and examines in depth the moraland theoretical questions that are raised in the debate.
Melissa Leach
Lie of the Land
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Questions the reasoning behind Western images of the environmental destruction taking place in Africa.
This book addresses the issue of how environmental orthodoxies become established, and what the alternative and appropriate approaches for policy-making are. It shows that many of the established orthodoxies are ill-conceived or represent the interests of certain powerful groups. The editors draw together material from 11 key case studies across the continent which use first hand research in different ecological zones.
Melissa Leach & RobinMearns are Fellows at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS), University of Sussex
Published in association with the International African Institute
Ali A. Mazrui
Cultural Forces in World Politics
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Professor Mazrui, Reith Lecturer and presenter of BBC1's series The Africans, makes us reconsider the realities of power in world politics.
Ali Mazrui argues that the emphasis in world politics continues to be on arms, on resources and on strategic calculations and that the importance of culture has been grossly underestimated. Professor Mazrui's own mind is a cultural cross-roads; he can give Islamic insights to Western audiences about The Satanic Verses; he relates the Beijing Spring to the Palestinian Intifada; he compares the effects of Zionism and Apartheid; he puts together Muhammad, Marx and market forces; and he tells the Americans that their attitude to the Third World is a dialogue of the deaf.
ALI A. MAZRUI was Director of the Institute of Global Cultural Studies at the State University ofNew York at Binghamton and Senior Scholar in African Studies at Cornell University
Kenya: EAEP
Deborah Bryceson
Liberalizing Tanzania's Food Trade
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Examines the impact of liberalizing trade in staple food commodities.
The author shows the way grain traders and households in five Tanzanian towns were affected by the Tanzanian government's decision to opt for liberalization in the trade of two staple food crops: rice and maize.
Leroy Vail
The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa
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A collection of studies by key academics on ethnic identity in Africa.
The great virtue of this book is that it is the first major study to focus exclusively on the historical evolution of ethnic identity over a broad region from Zaire ... to South Africa.' - John McCracken, University of Stirling
US & Canada & the Philippines: University of California Press
