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Ensuring beef safety through consumer education
For food safety in the US beef industry, 1993 was a watershed year because of the large outbreak of food-borne illnesses that were linked to ground beef. More than two decades later, microbial issues persist as areas of concern. While the industry has made great strides in reducing bacteria on ra...
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Advances in sustainable sheep pasture and grazing management
Like other livestock sectors, sheep production faces the challenge of improving sustainability. After considering the various dimensions of sustainability, this chapter reviews different ways this might be achieved. Firstly, it considers the potential for increasing the number of pasture species ...
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Brown rot: causes, detection and control of monilinia spp. affecting tree fruit
Monilinia spp. cause economically important fungal diseases of pome and stone fruits. This chapter focuses on the four main Monilinia/Monilia species that is Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, M. fructigena and M. polystroma. The chapter concentrates on general and specific features of the four brown...
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Assessing the effectiveness and history of buffer strip implementation in preventing soil sediment and nutrient losses to surface waters
Buffer strips are one of the most widely utilised mitigation measures to reduce sediment and nutrient transfer from soil erosion and surface runoff on fields to neighbouring surface waters. Their effectiveness in terms of retaining sediment and nutrients has been documented by numerous experiment...
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Organic dairy farming in developing countries
In countries in the global south, often referred to as ‘developing countries’, organic dairy farming faces some challenges, but also has huge potential. Even without having a premium price for organic dairy products, organic management of smallholder farms can often be beneficial in terms of low ...
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Advances in digital soil mapping to assess baseline levels and carbon sequestration at the landscape scale
Mapping soil carbon, both organic and inorganic carbon, is gaining a lot of attention and interest, as it can be a substantial source and sink for climate change mitigation, food security and ecosystem services. Digital soil mapping and modeling spatiotemporal variations or changes are helpful to...
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Smart farms
This collection reviews recent advances in processing and analysing data to provide actionable outcomes for farmers to be able to achieve a more sustainable agriculture and reduce the sector’s contribution to climate change.
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Exploring barley germplasm for yield improvement under sulphur-limiting environments
This chapter reviews genetic diversity in barley and its role in improving varieties, including adaptation to abiotic stresses. Sulphur is an essential macronutrient required in plants for normal growth and development. Its deficiency in agricultural soils reduces grain yield and grain quality tr...
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Use of protein from yellow mealworms in poultry feed
The purpose of this chapter is to appraise the current work done on the use of the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) as an alternative and sustainable protein source in poultry diets. The incorporation of insects in animal diets is regarded as an interesting topic in animal nutrition. Their popu...
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Advances in cultivation of walnuts
Walnuts as a crop has expanded considerably in production and value over the last 30 years. There has been a shift in dominant production area from California to China. While the United States is still the world’s largest exporter of walnuts China now dominates world production. This chapter prov...
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Linking genotype to phenotype: improving functional annotation in dairy cattle breeding
Functional annotation describes known or predicted roles of a DNA variant or DNA sequence’s molecular function on the expression of a trait phenotype. Since whole-genome sequencing became economical, software was developed to filter variants based on these annotations. Functional annotation has h...
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Improving biosafety testing of plant protection products (ppps) and bioprotectants
This chapter presents an update of trends on insecticide resistance in Northwest Europe. It addresses the current status and future estimations of the insecticide market in Europe, specifically in context of evolving agricultural practices and environmental challenges. The chapter then explores i...
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Advances in monitoring of native and invasive insect pests of crops
Early detection of insect pests is critical to successful integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. This collection reviews the wealth of research on improving monitoring techniques for the detection of both native and alien insect pests.
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Understanding agroecosystems and pest management: from chemical control to integrated biodiversity management
Agroecology analyzes the different components that make up an ecosystem such as soils, climate, plants and animals, and their interactions within agricultural landscapes. Bringing together a wide range of disciplines, agroecology encompasses different scales from the individual field through to f...
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Incentivizing sustainable production practices: improving and scaling extension, certification, carbon markets and other incentive systems
In the absence of subsidies and secure land ownership, farmers often have weak incentives to adopt sustainable production practices. Potential means to change that include improved extension services, certification schemes, access to finance, and results-based payments (e.g. for carbon offset cre...
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Sustainable production of temperate and boreal nontimber forest products: examples from north america
Understory plants and fungi are critical to healthy and resilient forest ecosystems, and many of the products they provide are essential to people for sustenance and income. However, nontimber forest products, and the plants and fungi from which they originate, are seldom included in forest manag...
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Understanding texture development in poultry meat
This chapter is intended to inform the reader on advances and developmental strategies in poultry meat tenderness. As is common with all food products, texture or tenderness, as the terms are interchangeably used, is the final “grade” that consumers place on a product. Meat tenderness is commonly...
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Commercial poultry production and gut function: a historical perspective
In the United States, in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, poultry production was only a side operation for many farmers; however, by the 1930s a commercial poultry industry began to flourish. Certainly, today’s poultry industry would never have developed without the many advances tha...
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Monitoring plant genetic resources for food and agriculture
This chapter reviews the methodologies developed to assess the extent of diversity of PGRFA at species, variety, and genetic level and examines the efforts made at global level in monitoring them at different scales. Efforts have been made to halt the loss of biodiversity (including genetic diver...
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Integrated wheat disease management
Wheat is one the most economically important crops in the world. Diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes can significantly reduce wheat yields. All parts of the wheat plant can be affected by diseases. Integrated disease management (IDM) combines two or more tactics to prevent o...
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Instant insights: bacterial diseases affecting pigs
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on bacterial diseases affecting pigs.
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Instant insights: vertical farming in horticulture
This specially curated collection features five reviews of current and key research on vertical farming in horticulture.
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Developments in the use of embryo technologies in dairy cows
Reproductive technologies offer the opportunity to produce far greater numbers of offspring from genetically valuable dams, than they would normally have in their lifetime. Technologies such as ovum-pickup when applied to harvest oocytes from prepubertal animals provide the means to dramatically ...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of sugarcane volume 2
Sugarcane cultivation faces a range of challenges to improve yields sustainably. This volumes reviews how these challenges can be addressed through developments in breeding as well as better management of pests and diseases.
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Postharvest management of apple quality
This chapter briefly focuses on various aspects of postharvest management of apple fruit quality, including harvest maturity, pre-cooling, storage (conventional cold storage, control atmosphere and dynamic control atmosphere), packaging, ethylene and respiration management by using pre-storage ri...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of ornamental plants
This collection reviews recent research in ornamentals. Part 1 discusses advances in understanding plant physiology, genetic diversity and breeding techniques. Part 2 surveys advances in cultivation techniques in areas such as nutrition, irrigation, protected cultivation and pest management.
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Optimising fertiliser use to maintain soil health
Maintaining the health of soils, and therefore their capacity to carry out the ecosystem functions necessary for sustainable food production, is a complex and evolving area of science. This chapter examines management of mineral fertilisers and organic manures in relation to its effects on soil h...
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Advances in breeding of chestnuts
In the two last centuries, diseases and pests from Asia have been introduced in chestnut plantations in both Northern America and Southern Europe, jeopardizing indigenous populations and some local chestnut varieties. The societal demand for chestnut in these countries has considerably increased,...
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Advances in cold-tolerant maize varieties
Maize, a thermophilic plant species, originates from subtropical highlands. Maize cultivation, however, has spread to temperate regions of the world that experience low temperatures during the early development of the plants. Maize genotypes that are cultivated in cooler climates need to have a s...
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Instant insights: ecosystem services delivered by forests
This collection provides a considered overview of the range of ecosystem services delivered by tropical, temperate and boreal forests. Chapters explore the role of forests in storing carbon, improving hydrological cycles and optimising soil health.
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Advances in understanding the biology and epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv)
A tri-trophic network of domesticated grasses (host), various aphids (vector) and barley yellow dwarf virus (pathogen) species has been spread by humans from Eurasia to the rest of the world. Understanding how climate, natural and agricultural landscapes challenge pathogens, vectors, and their na...
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Advances in understanding pre-harvest apple fruit development
Fruit growth is a complex mechanism linking biochemical and biophysical processes promoting water and dry matter uptake in fruit tissues. This chapter describes growth mechanisms in apple fruit at different phenological stages and relates phases to key physiological parameters for fruit growth, i...
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Optimising pig welfare at the weaning and nursery stage
The welfare of pigs at the nursery stage is an area of special concern because of the manifold influencing factors that have the potential to decrease seriously the piglets’ wellbeing. Especially the separation from their mother sow in combination with a very young weaning age in modern pig farmi...
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Understanding the effects of maternal environment in controlling seed dormancy
The maternal environment explored by the developing seed has decisive importance in shaping the seed dormancy phenotype. Although these effects have started to be recognized several decades ago, only in recent years we began to understand the underlying mechanisms through which the environmental ...
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Sustainable systems for integrated fish and vegetable production: new perspectives on aquaponics
Aquaponics integrates fish and seafood rearing (aquaculture) with soilless production of horticultural produce (hydroponics). Engineered systems of this kind meet the challenges posed by global population growth, urbanization, global climate change, limited access to resources for agricultural ac...
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Nutritional strategies to reduce emissions from waste in pig production
Emissions of ammonia, odour and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from livestock housing and storage and application of manure are major concerns in the environmental sustainability of pig production. This chapter addresses dietary strategies to reduce these emissions. It examines in detail the relationshi...
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Assessing the overall impact of the dairy sector
Dairy is the number one agricultural commodity by value, provides livelihoods for 1 billion people and is key to enriching diets the world over. Yet, global consumption of dairy falls short of national dietary guidelines. Increasing dairy consumption to match dietary guidelines could save billion...
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Integration of organic dairy cows into a whole farm context
Integration within natural cycles and between farmed enterprises are routes through which we can develop organic dairy farming into an ecologically principled form of food production with animal and human welfare benefits. Integration requires relationships of varying degrees of synergy and compl...
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An integrated approach for the estimation of crop water requirements based on soil, plant and atmospheric measurements
Measuring crop water requirements is an essential part of managing agricultural water in crop fields. In this chapter, we propose a research approach for the determination of crop water requirements that integrates soil, plant and atmospheric measurements. Selected methods for estimating crop wat...
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Occurrence and avoidance of fungicide resistance in cereal diseases
The targeted use of fungicides can help minimise the yield losses caused to grain cereals by plant pathogenic fungi. However, the long-term use of fungicide classes based on a single mode of action has imposed consistent selection pressures on certain pathogens. Over time, this has resulted in ma...
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Meeting computer vision and machine learning challenges in crop phenotyping
Use of imaging data has become more profound with the advent of digital cameras, the internet, and automation. With advances of computer vision, actionable information can now be extracted from images to advance the study of plants and their phenotype. In this chapter we document the experience o...
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Cereal-fusarium interactions: improved fundamental insights into fusarium pathogenomics and cereal host resistance reveals new ways to achieve durable disease control
All cereal crop species are vulnerable to root, stem-base and floral diseases caused by various Fusarium species. Most problematic is Fusarium head blight because grains become contaminated with harmful mycotoxins. Currently Fusarium control using fungicides is only partially effective, whilst cu...
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Organic dairy cattle breeding: possibilities and challenges
This chapter discusses challenges and options for developing dedicated organic dairy breeding programmes with a focus on developing cows best suited to low-input production in particular local contexts. It reviews ways of identifying target traits and establishing breeding goals as well as when t...
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Research and technology in plant factories with artificial lighting: past, present and future
The past decade has seen rapid improvements in the technology used for plant factories with artificial light (PFALs), and these improvements are expected to continue for the coming years. These technological advancements are both a continuation and a synthesis of technologies that have been under...
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Extraction of proteins and other functional components from red seaweed (rhodophyta)
Red seaweeds are a major industrial source of agar and carrageenan. They also contain high amounts of other polysaccharides and higher amounts of proteins than brown seaweeds. Some species of red seaweed also contain polyphenols with antioxidant activities as well as being a source of carotenoids...
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Protecting biodiversity in grasslands
Grasslands in Europe are critically important to the biodiversity of agricultural landscapes. This chapter summarizes the conditions that facilitate biodiversity in permanent and semi-natural (i.e. managed) grasslands in temperate climate, with a particular focus on phytodiversity. The chapter ex...
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Good practice in minimising the development of fungicide resistance in crop pathogens
Good practice requires consistent resistance management messages, based on sound evidence, communicated to farmers and advisers by key stakeholders. Understanding of resistance has been revolutionised by a combination of new techniques for genotyping, phenotyping, experimentation and modelling. Y...
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Minimising the development of antimicrobial resistance on dairy farms: appropriate use of antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis
Mastitis is the most prevalent bacterial disease among dairy cows, and the majority of antimicrobials given to dairy cows are for the prevention or treatment of this disease. Thus, a thorough understanding of mastitis is necessary when considering the appropriate use of antibiotics. After reviewi...
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The use of gene editing techniques in dairy cattle breeding
As the global population increases and incomes rise, global demand for dairy products is predicted to grow rapidly. The dairy industry will need to produce more product with fewer resources in the face of an ever-changing climate. Gene editing could complement existing technologies to increase pr...
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Setting environmental targets for dairy farming
Environmental targets for dairy farming are necessary to help ensure that milk is produced in a sustainable way. However, setting such targets is not an easy task due to the variety of both dairy farming systems and methods for assessing environmental impacts. The IDF and FAO have undertaken impo...
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Advances in dairy lipid science: physicochemical aspects
The physical properties of milk fat are intrinsically related to its chemical composition. This in turn is linked to animal feeding and to a lesser extent to genetics. Understanding the relation between these factors is utmost important to define the effects of animal feeding strategies on milk f...
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A question of culture: bringing the gut microbiome to life in the -omics era
Research of the mammalian gut microbiome has in recent years been principally defined by the culture independent analysis of the genetic potential inherent to these microbial communities. However, there has been a renewed interest in culture-based studies of the gut microbiome to increase both t...
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Biomass gasification for bioenergy
Thermal gasification is a very relevant technological platform to assess in relation to production of carbon negative bioenergy from plant materials as it offers high feed- and product flexibility combined with high energy efficiency. Many different biomass feedstock and organic secondary resourc...
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The water-energy-food nexus (wef)
This chapter briefly introduces the nexus approach, focussing on water issues. It is not an attempt to summarise the vast literature on the topic but rather to illustrate the concept by presenting selected examples of each element of the nexus and their interlinkages (water–energy, energy–food, a...
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Maintaining soil fertility and health in organic crop cultivation
Maintaining the health and fertility of our soils is central to the productivity of farming systems because of the key role that both health and fertility play in crop production. The links between soil health and the health consumers (both animal and human) and the wider ecosystem are important ...
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Viral metagenomics and sugarcane pathogens
Plant viral metagenomics has recently proved effective for studying the collection of plant viruses. The advent of metagenomics-based approaches has led to the discovery and characterization of new plant viruses. This chapter describes the plant virus metagenomics methods developed during the las...
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Losses and waste in fruits and vegetables
Fresh horticultural produce is key to good health and nutrition. However, the supply of fruits and vegetables is limited by very high levels of loss and waste. This chapter reviews the magnitude of losses and waste of fruit and vegetables as well as key issues in estimating losses. It provides a ...
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Global patterns of cereal diseases and the impacts of breeding for host plant resistance
Plant breeding for host plant resistance to pathogens brings together different disciplinary domains, especially genetics and plant pathology. The strategies underpinning plant breeding have therefore, logically, been influenced by a number of paradigms that have dominated the field of disease ma...
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Advances in managing arable weed propagules
The soil propagule bank acts as a reservoir from where weeds colonize arable fields and is composed of weeds seeds and ramets, which are fragments from clonal growth of perennial weeds. This chapter first describes the ways by which weed propagules have been historically managed. It then discusse...
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Advances in understanding the role of forests in the carbon cycle
The recognition that increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide are warming the global climate has led to forests being viewed as potential natural ways to reduce carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. Forests’ complex interactions with local and global climates, however, make predi...
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Instant insights: proximal sensors in agriculture
This collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on proximal sensors in agriculture.
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National governance and tropical forests: key challenges
This chapter reviews the status and trends of tropical forest governance, how it is manifested in sustainable forest management (SFM), and what can improve it. The chapter starts by drawing attention to the development ambitions which provide a context for efforts to preserve or sustainably manag...
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Improving disease surveillance and monitoring systems in pig herds
Disease monitoring and surveillance are valuable tools which are commonly used today in pig production in order to better monitor and manage the health of the pig herds. Developing the proper disease monitoring program requires a general understanding of all factors which could significantly imp...
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The effect of cultivation techniques on tea quality
The profitability of tea production depends on whether the type of tea produced has the right quality that is acceptable to consumers. However, sensory evaluation of tea alone has been criticized as subjective. This chapter examines the environmental and agronomic factors lying behind tea quality...
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Understanding and identifying bacterial disease in swine
Infections with bacterial pathogens have a significant impact on the health, well-being and performance of pigs worldwide. Infections are responsible for antimicrobial use, and therefore, increase the risk for the development of antimicrobial resistance. Some bacterial pathogens in swine are also...
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Assessing the environmental impact of sheep production
Sheep production may impact locally on water, air and soil quality, as well as globally, for example contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Sheep production can also impact biodiversity, human health via various pollutants, and community and cultural well-being. This chapter examines how life ...
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Plum pox virus: detection and management
Sharka disease, caused by Plum pox virus (PPV), is the most important virus inducing extended yield losses in plums, on account of reduced fruit quality, premature fruit drop and rapid natural virus spread by aphid vectors. This chapter provides general information on the status of this disease a...
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Assessing the impact of environmental factors on the quality of greenhouse produce
In recent years, product quality has become more and more important, due to consumer concerns paired with well-being and a healthy lifestyle. Product quality is a complex, multidimensional and multi-factorial issue that relates to different factors. In this chapter, the objective, measurable and ...
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Advances in conventional soybean breeding techniques
Soybean cultivar selection techniques and advances in variety development continue to evolve. The planning that goes into selecting superior soybean varieties is currently complicated by changing environments, a growing global population and decreasing productive farmland. In this chapter, the mo...
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Genetic modification of grain legumes
Grain legumes constitute a number of important oilseeds and food crops of the world. Most of these grow predominantly in the low-input production systems in the developing countries of Asia and Africa and are subject to several production constraints. This chapter addresses progress in and prospe...
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Improving methods for developing new microbial biopesticides
This chapter discusses improving methods for developing new microbial biopesticides. It begins by highlighting the role and economics of biopesticides. The chapter moves on to analyse the strategic framework for biopesticide development and provides an overview of the biopesticide development pro...
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Integrated weed management in barley cultivation
Weed infestations in barley can cause yield reductions and reduce the quality of harvested product. Weed management before, during and after the crop is important to reduce weed populations. Weed management in barley is currently heavily reliant on herbicides for weed control, and this reactive a...
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Advances in understanding soil health for vegetable cultivation
Sustainability of our food systems depends on the maintenance of healthy soils. The links between soil quality, long-term soil productivity, and environmental quality are now widely acknowledged, as is the importance of conserving soil as a resource for future generations. Determining and predict...
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Fungicide resistance risk assessment
New fungicide active substances are at risk of losing efficacy due to the development of resistance in target pathogen populations. In the European Union, an assessment of resistance risk is required by regulatory authorities for the approval of each fungicide product This chapter will review the...
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Grain legumes in integrated crop management systems
This chapter focuses on integrated crop management strategies to increase grain legume production in rainfed, resource-poor farming systems. Generally, grain legumes fail to reach even half of their potential yields in these systems. For rainfed grain legumes the major contributor to the yield ga...
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Nested association mapping in barley to identify extractable trait genes
Wild germplasm contains a wealth of alleles, which are useful in modern agriculture. Nested association mapping (NAM) makes use of wild germplasm by developing multi-parental populations after crossing a single elite cultivar to a number of exotic donors. The resulting NAM lines are subsequently ...
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The use of insects in integrated weed management
Seed predation by insects is a potentially promising approach to the regulation of weeds that could offset herbicide use as part of integrated weed management. Using the example of carabid beetles, as the most intensively studied grouping of insect weed seed predators, this chapter describes the ...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of mangoes
Mangoes are grown widely across Asia, Africa, the Americas and Southern Europe. This volume summarises the wealth of recent research on enhancing mango cultivation. Topics include developments in understanding mango genetics and breeding as well as cultivation, pest and disease management.
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Insect-transmitted viral diseases infecting tomato crops
Many viruses transmitted by insects cause great damage to tomato crops in the field and in the greenhouse, seriously damaging tomato production in many regions of the globe. Management of insect transmitted tomato viruses is a race between the emergence of new viruses coupled with the proliferati...
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Advances in pre-harvest management of apple quality
Fruit quality attributes such as colour, firmness, crispness, juiciness and flavour are the primary factors that drive consumers choice when purchasing apples. Many of these characteristics are inherent with the genetics of the cultivar. However, several pre-harvest factors can be managed horticu...
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The role of habitat conservation and restoration in protecting pollinators in agricultural landscapes
This chapter focuses on challenges and options in habitat restoration for solitary bees which account for 90% of bee species. As well as being important parts of local ecosystems, these species are pollinators of a wide range of crops such as alfalfa, tomato, eggplant and blueberries, cucurbit cr...
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Dietary factors affecting the composition of cow’s milk
The ability to change milk composition via cow diet can lead to increases in the yield and functional properties of dairy products. Inducing such changes via diet can lead to more rapid and reversible changes to milk composition than other contributing factors . However, some components are more ...
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Advances in dairy cattle breeding to improve resistance to mastitis
Mastitis, an inflammatory response associated with bacterial infections, is generally regarded as the most-costly disease of dairy cattle because of its high incidence and effects on milk production and composition. Genetic selection for highly productive dairy cows has been very successful; howe...
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Developing smart agri-food supply chains
This collection provides an authoritative assessment of the current issues challenging the safety of agri-food supply chains and the recent technological developments implemented to improve safety and quality at all levels.
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Advances in the use of biological control agents in the disinfection of horticultural produce
This chapter reviews advances in the use of biological control agents in the disinfection of horticultural produce. It discusses plant extracts and animal-based materials as postharvest treatments, the discovery of microbial antagonists and their mode of action. It also reviews the integration of...
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Genetic improvement of sugarcane by transgenic, intragenic and genome editing technologies
The grand social, economic and environmental challenges of the twenty-first century are demanding the acceleration of the genetic improvement of sugarcane to sustainably produce sugar and biofuel and to support the emerging bio-based economy. This chapter focuses on the contributions and future p...
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Advances in temperate agroforestry
This collection reviews key recent advances in temperate agroforestry. The book considers the role of temperate agroforestry in promoting biodiversity and key ecosystem services such as soil carbon sequestration, as well as recent developments in different types of silvopastoral and silvoarable s...
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Assessing alternative fiber sources from by-products
Feeding plant-based by-products to dairy cattle has become so commonplace for some of the ingredients that they are no longer thought of as secondary products from food processing. These feed ingredients allow for more economical approaches for meeting the nutritional needs of dairy cattle and co...
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Understanding and boosting poultry immune systems
In the perpetual battle against common poultry pathogens and other environmental antigens, the role of the immune system is an important and ongoing topic of research. This chapter reviews the various elements of the host defence system in poultry, and then provides specific examples of how certa...
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Effect of processing techniques on the quality of animal feed
The objective of this chapter is to demonstrate how the manipulation of extrusion processing parameters such as specific mechanical energy (SME) can directly influence the nutritional value of a given formulation component such as starch in a dry animal feed formulation.
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Sorghum breeding for biotic stress tolerance
Sorghum breeding is poised to take advantage of remarkable advances in genomics and molecular technologies. Thus, while classical breeding methods have been successful in identifying and incorporating resistance to biotic stresses, this chapter will feature the use of the new tools and technologi...
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Factors affecting fat content and distribution of fat in cattle and carcasses
Beef cattle are highly efficient at depositing fat, and they deposit fats in a specific order: first abdominal, then seam (intermuscular), then subcutaneous and finally marbling (intramuscular, interfascicular) fat. The development and composition of these fat deposits are influenced by the diet ...
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Advances in assessing nutrient availability in soils
Plants depend on sufficient and timely soil availability of 14 essential nutrients. In order to achieve sustainable and resource-efficient plant production with high yields and minimal environmental impact, soil analyses aimed at assessing nutrient availability should be considered an important a...
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Understanding and optimizing the use of prebiotics in pig nutrition
This chapter discussed the use of prebiotics in pig nutrition. It begins with a section covering dietary fibre and prebiotics, then moves on to describe types of prebiotics, including: oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and non-carbohydrate prebiotics. Next, mode of actions for prebiotics is expl...
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Advances in understanding flavour development in poultry meat
This chapter reviews advances in understanding flavour development in poultry meat. It starts by examining the flavour chemistry of poultry meat, then moves on to discuss the flavour precursors of poultry meat, focusing specifically on water soluble components and lipids. The chapter also highlig...
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Beneficial compounds from coffee leaves
Leaves are the leading source of carbon for plant growth and reproduction, and possess a wide range of protection systems against environmental stress. The leaves of the coffee plant, characterized by a high antioxidant potential, have a significant impact on fruit quality, and identifying marker...
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The potential role for tea in combating chronic diseases
Tea, made from the leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis, Theaceae, is a popular beverage worldwide. For the past 30 years, tea has been studied extensively for its beneficial health effects in the prevention of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases; reduction o...
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Developments in alternative organic materials for growing media in soilless culture systems
There is increasing pressure on both growing media manufacturers and horticulturists to significantly reduce their reliance on peat as a constituent of substrates. This chapter distils down the available information on alternative organic materials which have emerged as the major contenders for p...
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Development of rice varieties with improved iron content in grain
Iron deficiency constitutes one of the most prevalent forms of micronutrient deficiencies affecting human health. Biofortification of food crops is suggested as a suitable approach to address iron deficiency in a sustainable and cost-effective manner. Rice, a staple food for over half of the worl...
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Agronomic and environmental factors affecting rice grain quality
Recent research has shown the importance of both cultivation practices and environmental factors in determining the yield and quality of rice crops. These aspects of rice production are increasingly important given the need to develop sustainable production techniques which will provide food secu...
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