Mathematics

This book covers multivariable and vector calculus. It can be used as a textbook for a one-semester course or self-study. It includes worked-through exercises, with answers provided for many of the basic computational ones and hints for the more complex ones.. This second edition features new exercises, new sections on twist and binormal vectors for curves in space, linear approximations, and the Laplace and Poisson equations.

This book is an introduction to machine learning, with a strong focus on the mathematics behind the standard algorithms and techniques in the field, aimed at senior undergraduates and early graduate students of Mathematics.

There is a focus on well-known supervised machine learning algorithms, detailing the existing theory to provide some theoretical guarantees, featuring intuitive proofs and exposition of the material in a concise and precise manner. A broad set of topics is covered, giving an overview of the field. A summary of the topics covered is: statistical learning theory, approximation theory, linear models, kernel methods, Gaussian processes, deep neural networks, ensemble methods and unsupervised learning techniques, such as clustering and dimensionality reduction.

This book is suited for students who are interested in entering the field, by preparing them to master the standard tools in Machine Learning. The reader will be equipped to understand the main theoretical questions of the current research and to engage with the field.

This graduate-level mathematics textbook provides an in-depth and readable exposition of selected topics in complex analysis. The material spans both the standard theory at a level suitable for a first-graduate class on the subject and several advanced topics delving deeper into the subject and applying the theory in different directions. The focus is on beautiful applications of complex analysis to geometry and number theory. The text is accompanied by beautiful figures illustrating many of the concepts and proofs.

Among the topics covered are asymptotic analysis; conformal mapping and the Riemann mapping theory; the Euler gamma function, the Riemann zeta function, and a proof of the prime number theorem; elliptic functions, and modular forms. The final chapter gives the first detailed account in textbook format of the recent solution to the sphere packing problem in dimension 8, published by Maryna Viazovska in 2016 — a groundbreaking proof for which Viazovska was awarded the Fields Medal in 2022.

The book is suitable for self-study by graduate students or advanced undergraduates with an interest in complex analysis and its applications, or for use as a textbook for graduate mathematics classes, with enough material for 2-3 semester-long classes. Researchers in complex analysis, analytic number theory, modular forms, and the theory of sphere packing, will also find much to enjoy in the text, including new material not found in standard textbooks.

The aim of the textbook is two-fold: first to serve as an introductory graduate course in Algebraic Topology and then to provide an application-oriented presentation of some fundamental concepts in Algebraic Topology to the fixed point theory.

A simple approach based on point-set Topology is used throughout to introduce many standard constructions of fundamental and homological groups of surfaces and topological spaces. The approach does not rely on Homological Algebra. The constructions of some spaces using the quotient spaces such as the join, the suspension, and the adjunction spaces are developed in the setting of Topology only.

The computations of the fundamental and homological groups of many surfaces and topological spaces occupy large parts of the book (sphere, torus, projective space, Mobius band, Klein bottle, manifolds, adjunctions spaces). Borsuk's theory of retracts which is intimately related to the problem of the extendability of continuous functions is developed in details. This theory together with the homotopy theory, the lifting and covering maps may serve as additional course material for students involved in General Topology.

The book comprises 280 detailed worked examples, 320 exercises (with hints or references), 80 illustrative figures, and more than 80 commutative diagrams to make it more oriented towards applications (maps between spheres, Borsuk-Ulam Theory, Fixed Point Theorems, …) As applications, the book offers some existence results on the solvability of some nonlinear differential equations subject to initial or boundary conditions.

The book is suitable for students primarily enrolled in Algebraic Topology, General Topology, Homological Algebra, Differential Topology, Differential Geometry, and Topological Geometry. It is also useful for advanced undergraduate students who aspire to grasp easily some new concepts in Algebraic Topology and Applications. The textbook is practical both as a teaching and research document for Bachelor, Master students, and first-year PhD students since it is accessible to any reader with a modest understanding of topological spaces.

The book aspires to fill a gap in the existing literature by providing a research and teaching document which investigates both the theory and the applications of Algebraic Topology in an accessible way without missing the main results of the topics covered.

The idea of the book is to present a text that is useful for both students of quantitative sciences and practitioners who work with univariate or multivariate probabilistic models. Since the text should also be suitable for self-study, excessive formalism is avoided though mathematical rigor is retained. A deeper insight into the topics is provided by detailed examples and illustrations. The book covers the standard content of a course in probability and statistics. However, the second edition includes two new chapters about distribution theory and exploratory data analysis. The first-mentioned chapter certainly goes beyond the standard material. It is presented to reflect the growing practical importance of developing new distributions. The second new chapter studies intensively one- and bidimensional concepts like assymetry, kurtosis, correlation and determination coefficients. In particular, examples are intended to enable the reader to take a critical look at the appropriateness of the geometrically motivated concepts.

This book is intended as an introduction to Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics for students in mathematics, the physical sciences, engineering, and related fields. It is based on the author’s 25 years of experience teaching probability and is squarely aimed at helping students overcome common difficulties in learning the subject. The focus of the book is an explanation of the theory, mainly by the use of many examples. Whenever possible, proofs of stated results are provided. All sections conclude with a short list of problems. The book also includes several optional sections on more advanced topics. This textbook would be ideal for use in a first course in Probability Theory.

Contents:
Probabilities
Conditional Probabilities and Independence
Random Variables and Their Distribution
Operations on Random Variables
Expected Value, Variance, and Covariance
Normally Distributed Random Vectors
Limit Theorems

Introduction to Stochastic Processes
Mathematical Statistics
Appendix
Bibliography
Index

Mathematical models cannot be solved using the traditional analytical methods for dynamic equations on time scales. These models must be dealt with using computational methods. This textbook introduces numerical methods for initial value problems for dynamic equations on time scales. Hands-on examples utilizing MATLAB and practical problems illustrate a wide variety of solution techniques.

This book is devoted to recent developments of linear and nonlinear integral inequalities on time scales. The book is intended for the use in the field of dynamic calculus on time scales, dynamic equation and integral equations on time scales. It is also suitable for graduate courses in the above fields. The book is designed for those who have mathematical background on time scales calculus.

This book is ideal as an introduction to algebraic topology and applied algebraic topology featuring a streamlined approach including coverage of basic categorical notions, simplicial, cellular, and singular homology, persistent homology, cohomology groups, cup products, Poincare Duality, homotopy theory, and spectral sequences. The focus is on examples and computations, and there are many end of chapter exercises and extensive student projects.

This is the fi rst textbook leading coherently from classical character theory to the theory of lattices over orders and integral representations of fi nite groups. Character theory is developed in a highly pedagogical way including many examples and exercises covering at once the fi rst defi nitions up to Clifford theory, Brauer’s induction theorem and the splitting fi eld theorem, as well as self-dual simple modules allowing bilinear forms. This latter part is done step by step using the approach given by Sin and Willems. Dirichlet characters and Dirichlet’s result on primes in arithmetic progressions are given as an application. Examples of integral representations of fi nite groups are already detailed at a quite early stage where appropriate, so that the more systematic treatment of lattices over orders is natural. After that, the necessary number theory and homological algebra is developed as far as needed. Maximal as well as hereditary orders are introduced and the Auslander- Buchsbaum theorem is proved. The Jordan-Zassenhaus theorem on the fi niteness of lattices in a given vector space is fully proved. Then the development and properties of class groups of orders is a fi rst focus. As a further highlight Swan’s example of a stably free but not free ideal over the integral group ring of the generalised quaternion group of order 32 is developed in great detail.

• A student friendly introduction to ordinary representation theory
• Many examples and exercises, including solutions for some of them, make the book well suited for self-study
• Leads coherently from ordinary character theory to the integral representation theory of lattices over orders
• Several topics appear for the fi rst time in a textbook, such as Sin-Willems’ approach to self-dual simple modules and Swan‘s example of a stably free non free ideal.

Derivations on von Neumann algebras are well understood and are always inner, meaning that they act as commutators with a fixed element from the algebra itself. The purpose of this book is to provide a complete description of derivations on algebras of operators affiliated with a von Neumann algebra. The book is designed to serve as an introductory graduate level to various measurable operators affiliated with a von Neumann algebras and their properties. These classes of operators form their respective algebras and the problem of describing derivations on these algebras was raised by Ayupov, and later by Kadison and Liu. A principal aim of the book is to fully resolve the Ayupov-Kadison-Liu problem by proving a necessary and sufficient condition of the existence of non-inner derivation of algebras of measurable operators. It turns out that only for a finite type I von Neumann algebra M may there exist a non-inner derivation on the algebra of operators affiliated with M. In particular, it is established that the classical derivation d/dt of functions of real variables can be extended up to a derivation on the algebra of all measurable functions. This resolves a long-standing problem in classical analysis.

The second edition of this well-received textbook is devoted to Combinatorics and Graph Theory, which are cornerstones of Discrete Mathematics. Every section begins with simple model problems. Following their detailed analysis, the reader is led through the derivation of definitions, concepts, and methods for solving typical problems. Theorems then are formulated, proved, and illustrated by more problems of increasing difficulty.

The idea behind this book is to provide the mathematical foundations for assessing modern developments in the Information Age. It deepens and complements the basic concepts, but it also considers instructive and more advanced topics. The treatise starts with a general chapter on algebraic structures; this part provides all the necessary knowledge for the rest of the book. The next chapter gives a concise overview of cryptography. Chapter 3 on number theoretic algorithms is important for developping cryptosystems, Chapter 4 presents the deterministic primality test of Agrawal, Kayal, and Saxena. The account to elliptic curves again focuses on cryptographic applications and algorithms. With combinatorics on words and automata theory, the reader is introduced to two areas of theoretical computer science where semigroups play a fundamental role.The last chapter is devoted to combinatorial group theory and its connections to automata.

Contents:
Algebraic structures
Cryptography
Number theoretic algorithms
Polynomial time primality test
Elliptic curves
Combinatorics on words
Automata
Discrete infinite groups

This book is intended to be used as a rather informal, and surely not complete, textbook on the subjects indicated in the title. It collects my Lecture Notes held during three academic years at the University of Siena for a one semester course on "Basic Mathematical Physics", and is organized as a short presentation of few important points on the arguments indicated in the title.

It aims at completing the students' basic knowledge on Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) - dealing in particular with those of higher order - and at providing an elementary presentation of the Partial Differential Equations (PDE) of Mathematical Physics, by means of the classical methods of separation of variables and Fourier series. For a reasonable and consistent discussion of the latter argument, some elementary results on Hilbert spaces and series expansion in othonormal vectors are treated with some detail in Chapter 2.

Prerequisites for a satisfactory reading of the present Notes are not only a course of Calculus for functions of one or several variables, but also a course in Mathematical Analysis where - among others - some basic knowledge of the topology of normed spaces is supposed to be included. For the reader's convenience some notions in this context are explicitly recalled here and there, and in particular as an Appendix in Section 1.4. An excellent reference for this general background material is W. Rudin's classic Principles of Mathematical Analysis. On the other hand, a complete discussion of the results on ODE and PDE that are here just sketched are to be found in other books, specifically and more deeply devoted to these subjects, some of which are listed in the Bibliography.

In conclusion and in brief, my hope is that the present Notes can serve as a second quick reading on the theme of ODE, and as a first introductory reading on Fourier series, Hilbert spaces, and PDE

This book gives an advanced overview of several topics in infinite group theory. It can also be considered as a rigorous introduction to combinatorial and geometric group theory. The philosophy of the book is to describe the interaction between these two important parts of infinite group theory. In this line of thought, several theorems are proved multiple times with different methods either purely combinatorial or purely geometric while others are shown by a combination of arguments from both perspectives.

The first part of the book deals with Nielsen methods and introduces the reader to results and examples that are helpful to understand the following parts. The second part focuses on covering spaces and fundamental groups, including covering space proofs of group theoretic results. The third part deals with the theory of hyperbolic groups. The subjects are illustrated and described by prominent examples and an outlook on solved and unsolved problems.

New edition now includes the topics on universal free groups, quasiconvex subgroups and hyperbolic groups, and also Stallings foldings and subgroups of free groups. New results on groups of F-types are added.

In this textbook, a concise approach to complex analysis of one and several variables is presented. After an introduction of Cauchy‘s integral theorem general versions of Runge‘s approximation theorem and Mittag-Leffler‘s theorem are discussed. The fi rst part ends with an analytic characterization of simply connected domains. The second part is concerned with functional analytic methods: Fréchet and Hilbert spaces of holomorphic functions, the Bergman kernel, and unbounded operators on Hilbert spaces to tackle the theory of several variables, in particular the inhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equations and the d-bar Neumann operator.

Contents
Complex numbers and functions
Cauchy’s Theorem and Cauchy’s formula
Analytic continuation
Construction and approximation of holomorphic functions
Harmonic functions
Several complex variables
Bergman spaces
The canonical solution operator to
Nuclear Fréchet spaces of holomorphic functions
The -complex
The twisted -complex and Schrödinger operators

This book is a comprehensive guide to Linear Algebra and covers all the fundamental topics such as vector spaces, linear independence, basis, linear transformations, matrices, determinants, inner products, eigenvectors, bilinear forms, and canonical forms. It also introduces concepts such as fields, rings, group homomorphism, and binary operations early on, which gives students a solid foundation to understand the rest of the material.

Unlike other books on Linear Algebra that are either too theory-oriented with fewer solved examples or too problem-oriented with less good quality theory, this book strikes a balance between the two. It provides easy-to-follow theorem proofs and a considerable number of worked examples with various levels of difficulty. The fundamentals of the subject are explained in a methodical and straightforward way.

This book is aimed at undergraduate and graduate students of Mathematics and Engineering Mathematics who are studying Linear Algebra. It is also a useful resource for students preparing for exams in higher education competitions such as NET, GATE, lectureships, etc. The book includes some of the most recent and challenging questions from these exams.

This book introduces quadratic ideal numbers as objects of study with applications to binary quadratic forms and other topics. The text requires only minimal background in number theory, much of which is reviewed as needed. Computational methods are emphasized throughout, making this subject appropriate for individual study or research at the undergraduate level or above.

The subject of applied complex variables is so fundamental that most of the other topics in advanced engineering mathematics (AEM) depend on it. The present book contains complete coverage of the subject, summarizing the more elementary aspects that you find in most AEM textbooks and delving into the more specialized topics that are less commonplace. The book represents a one-stop reference for complex variables in engineering analysis. The applications of conformal mapping in this book are significantly more extensive than in other AEM textbooks. The treatments of complex integral transforms enable a much larger class of functions that can be transformed, resulting in an expanded use of complex-transform techniques in engineering analysis. The inclusion of the asymptotics of complex integrals enables the analysis of models with irregular singular points. The book, which has more than 300 illustrations, is generous with realistic example problems.

This text offers a unique balance of theory and a variety of standard and new applications along with solved technology-aided problems.

The book includes the fundamental mathematical theory, as well as a wide range of applications, numerical methods, projects, and technology-assisted problems and solutions in Maple, Mathematica, and MATLAB. Some of the applications are new, some are unique, and some are discussed in an essay. There is a variety of exercises which include True/False questions, questions that require proofs, and questions that require computations.

The goal is to provide the student with is a solid foundation of the mathematical theory and an appreciation of some of the important real-life applications. Emphasis is given on geometry, matrix transformations, orthogonality, and least-squares.

Designed for maximum flexibility, it is written for a one-semester/two semester course at the sophomore or junior level for students of mathematics or science.

This is a high level introduction to abstract algebra which is aimed at readers whose interests lie in mathematics and the information and physical sciences. In addition to introducing the main concepts of modern algebra – groups, rings, modules and fields – the book contains numerous applications, which are intended to illustrate the concepts and to show the utility and relevance of algebra today. In particular applications to Polya coloring theory, latin squares, Steiner systems, error correcting codes and economics are described. There is ample material here for a two semester course in abstract algebra. Proofs of almost all results are given. The reader led through the proofs in gentle stages. There are more than 500 problems, of varying degrees of diffi culty. The book should be suitable for advanced undergraduate students in their fi nal year of study and for fi rst or second year graduate students at a university in Europe or North America. In this third edition three new chapters have been added: an introduction to the representation theory of fi nite groups, free groups and presentations of groups, an introduction to category theory.

This is a book for an undergraduate number theory course, senior thesis work, graduate level study, or for those wishing to learn about applications of number theory to data encryption and security. With no abstract algebra background required, it covers congruences, the Euclidean algorithm, linear Diophantine equations, the Chinese Remainder Theorem, Mobius inversion formula, Pythagorean triplets, perfect numbers and amicable pairs, Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, theorems on sums of squares, Farey fractions, periodic continued fractions, best rational approximations, and Pell’s equation. Results are applied to factoring and primality testing including those for Mersenne and Fermat primes, probabilistic primality tests, Pollard’s rho and p-1 factorization algorithms, and others. Also an introduction to cryptology with a full discussion of the RSA algorithm, discrete logarithms, and digital signatures.

Chapters on analytic number theory including the Riemann zeta function, average orders of the lattice and divisor functions, Chebyshev’s theorems, and Bertrand’s Postulate. A chapter introduces additive number theory with discussion of Waring’s Problem, the pentagonal number theorem for partitions, and Schnirelmann density.

Designed for a broad spectrum of mathematics majors, not only those pursuing graduate school, this book also provides a thorough explanation of undergraduate Real Analysis. Through a developmentally appropriate narrative that integrates informal discussion, motivation, and basic proof writing approaches with mathematical rigor and clarity, the aim is to assist all students in learning more about the real number system and calculus theory.

This fifth, newly revised edition of the classical introduction to the mathematics of finance, is based on stochastic models in discrete time. Updates include, new chapter on dynamic portfolio strategies, enhanced graphics with real-world data, improved proofs and updated references and citations.

This book is dedicated to metric spaces and their topology. The book starts with ZFC axioms. The real number system is constructed by both the Dedekind cut and the Cauchy sequence approach. The various examples and properties of metric spaces and normed linear spaces are discussed. The different distances between the sets are highlighted. The research work on metric-preserving maps and isometries on different p-norms has been discussed. Homeomorphism and different equivalent metrics have also been discussed. A detailed description of a metric on the product and the quotient set is also provided. The completion of a metric space as a universal property and applications of the Baire Category Theorem are covered. A special focus is on compactness and the relation between a compact metric space, the Hilbert Cube, and the Cantor set. The properties of connected and path-connected metric spaces are provided.

The purpose of this book is to present results on the subject of weak convergence in function spaces to study invariance principles in statistical applications to dependent random variables, U-statistics, censor data analysis. Different techniques, formerly available only in a broad range of literature, are for the first time presented here in a self-contained fashion.

Contents:
Weak convergence of stochastic processes
Weak convergence in metric spaces
Weak convergence on C[0, 1] and D[0,∞)
Central limit theorem for semi-martingales and applications
Central limit theorems for dependent random variables
Empirical process
Bibliography

The aim of the book is to give a broad introduction of topology to undergraduate students. It covers the most important and useful parts of the point-set as well as the combinatorial topology. The development of the material is from simple to complex, concrete to abstract, and appeals to the intuition of readers. Attention is also paid to how topology is actually used in the other fields of mathematics. Over 150 illustrations, 160 examples and 600 exercises will help readers to practice and fully understand the subject.

Contents:
Set and Map
Metric Space
Graph
Topology
Topological Concepts
Complex
Topological Properties
Surface
Topics in Point Set Topology
Index

Die Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie gehört zu den Kerndisziplinen der modernen Mathematikausbildung. Sie ist die Grundlage für alle Modelle, die „Risiko" und „Unsicherheit" einbeziehen. Dieses Lehrbuch gibt einen direkten, verlässlichen und modernen Zugang zu den wichtigsten Ergebnissen der mathematischen Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie. Aufbauend auf dem Band „Maß & Integral" werden zunächst elementare Fragen Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen, Zufallsvariable, Unabhängigkeit, bedingte Wahrscheinlichkeiten und charakteristische Funktionen – bis hin zu einfachen Grenzwertsätzen behandelt. Diese Themen werden dann um das Studium von Summen unabhängiger Zufallsvariablen – Gesetze der Großen Zahlen, Null-Eins-Gesetze, random walks, zentraler Grenzwertsatz von Lindeberg-Feller – ergänzt. Allgemeine bedingte Erwartungen, Anwendungen von charakteristischen Funktionen und eine Einführung in die Theorie unendlich teilbarer Verteilungen und der großen Abweichungen runden die Darstellung ab. In gleicher Ausstattung erscheint der Folgeband „Martingale & Prozesse".

Lösungen zu den im Buch befindlichen Übungsaufgaben unter: http://www.motapa.de/stoch/index.shtml

Allgemeine Maße und das Lebesgue-Integral gehören zu den unverzichtbaren Hilfsmitteln der modernen Analysis, der Funktionalanalysis und der Stochastik. Das vorliegende Lehrbuch bietet eine Einführung in die wesentlichen Aspekte der Theorie – Maße, Integrale, Konvergenzsätze, Parameterintegrale, Satz von Fubini –, die durch weiterführende Themen – allgemeiner Transformationssatz, Satz von Radon-Nikodým, Fouriertransformation von Maßen, topologische Maßtheorie – abgerundet wird. Mehr als 150 Übungsaufgaben (mit vollständigen Lösungen im Internet) vertiefen und erweitern den Stoff.

Die kompakte Darstellung bietet sich als Fortsetzung der Grundvorlesungen "Analysis" oder als Einstieg in die "Stochastik" an. Da nur Grundkenntnisse in Analysis und linearer Algebra vorausgesetzt werden, ist der Text auch für Studierende der Physik und Ingenieurswissenschaften sowie zum Selbststudium geeignet.

In gleicher Ausstattung erscheinen die Folgebände "Wahrscheinlichkeit" und "Martingale & Prozesse".

Lösungen zu den im Buch befindlichen Übungsaufgaben unter: http://www.motapa.de/mint/index.shtml

This textbook, now in its second revised and extended edition, presents the fundamental ideas and results of both probability theory and statistics. It comprises the material of a one-year course, which is addressed to students of mathematics and to scientists with an interest in the mathematical side of stochastics.
The stochastic concepts, models and methods are motivated by examples and then developed and analysed systematically. Some measure theory is included, but this is done at an elementary level that is in accordance with the introductory character of the book. A large number of problems, now in part with solutions, offer applications and supplements to the text.

This book offers an introduction to concepts of probability theory, probability distributions relevant in the applied sciences, as well as basics of sampling distributions, estimation and hypothesis testing. As a companion for classes for engineers and scientists, the book also covers applied topics such as model building and experiment design.

Contents
Random phenomena
Probability
Random variables
Expected values
Commonly used discrete distributions
Commonly used density functions
Joint distributions
Some multivariate distributions
Collection of random variables
Sampling distributions
Estimation
Interval estimation
Tests of statistical hypotheses
Model building and regression
Design of experiments and analysis of variance
Questions and answers

This volume deals with two complementary topics. On one hand the book deals with the problem of determining the the probability distribution of a positive compound random variable, a problem which appears in the banking and insurance industries, in many areas of operational research and in reliability problems in the engineering sciences.

On the other hand, the methodology proposed to solve such problems, which is based on an application of the maximum entropy method to invert the Laplace transform of the distributions, can be applied to many other problems.

The book contains applications to a large variety of problems, including the problem of dependence of the sample data used to estimate empirically the Laplace transform of the random variable.

This book is an introduction to financial mathematics. It is intended for graduate students in mathematics and for researchers working in academia and industry.
The focus on stochastic models in discrete time has two immediate benefits. First, the probabilistic machinery is simpler, and one can discuss right away some of the key problems in the theory of pricing and hedging of financial derivatives. Second, the paradigm of a complete financial market, where all derivatives admit a perfect hedge, becomes the exception rather than the rule. Thus, the need to confront the intrinsic risks arising from market incomleteness appears at a very early stage.
The first part of the book contains a study of a simple one-period model, which also serves as a building block for later developments. Topics include the characterization of arbitrage-free markets, preferences on asset profiles, an introduction to equilibrium analysis, and monetary measures of financial risk.
In the second part, the idea of dynamic hedging of contingent claims is developed in a multiperiod framework. Topics include martingale measures, pricing formulas for derivatives, American options, superhedging, and hedging strategies with minimal shortfall risk.
This fourth, newly revised edition contains more than one hundred exercises. It also includes material on risk measures and the related issue of model uncertainty, in particular a chapter on dynamic risk measures and sections on robust utility maximization and on efficient hedging with convex risk measures.

Contents:
Part I: Mathematical finance in one period
Arbitrage theory
Preferences
Optimality and equilibrium
Monetary measures of risk
Part II: Dynamic hedging
Dynamic arbitrage theory
American contingent claims
Superhedging
Efficient hedging
Hedging under constraints
Minimizing the hedging error
Dynamic risk measures

Dieses Buch ist für Anwender der Statistik mit Programmierkenntnissen. Rechnerprogramme helfen, die theoretischen Schlussfolgerungen zu verstehen. Die notwendigen und unverzichtbaren Theoreme werden allein durch Experimente illustriert.
Das Buch ist anwendungsorientiert und verzichtet weitgehend auf theoretische Ausführungen.

Inhalt:
Erzeugung von Zufallszahlen undMonte-Carlo-Experimente
Spielexperimente
Wahrscheinlichkeitsfunktionen, Dichten, Verteilungen
Punktschatzungen
Konfidenzschatzungen
Statistische Tests
Funktionstests fur Zufallszahlengeneratoren

This is the third volume of the series "Moderne Stochastik" (Modern Stochastics). As a follow-up to the volume "Wahrscheinlichkeit" (Probability Theory) it gives an intrdouction to dynamical aspects of probability theory using stochastic processes in discrete time. The first part of the book covers discrete martingales - their convergenc behaviour, optional sampling and stopping, uniform integrability and essential martingale inequalities. The power of martingale techniques is illustrated in the chapters on applications of martingales in classical probability and on the Burkholder-Davis-Gundy inequalities. The second half of the book treats random walks on Zd and Rd, their fluctuation behaviour, recurrence and transience. The last two chapters give a brief introduction to probabilistic potential theory and an outlook of further developments: Brownian motion and Donsker's invariance principle

Contents
Fair Play
Conditional Expectation
Martingale
Stopping and Localizing
Martingale Convergence
L²-Martingales
Uniformly Integrable Martingales
Some Classical Results of Probability
Elementary Inequalities for Martingales
The Burkholder–Davis–Gundy Inequalities
Random Walks on ℤd – the first steps
Fluctuations of Simple Random Walks on Z
Recurrence and Transience of General Random Walks
Random Walks and Analysis
Donsker's Invariance Principle and Brownian Motion

Stochastic processes occur everywhere in the sciences, economics and engineering, and they need to be understood by (applied) mathematicians, engineers and scientists alike. This book gives a gentle introduction to Brownian motion and stochastic processes, in general. Brownian motion plays a special role, since it shaped the whole subject, displays most random phenomena while being still easy to treat, and is used in many real-life models. Im this new edition, much material is added, and there are new chapters on ''Wiener Chaos and Iterated Itô Integrals'' and ''Brownian Local Times''.

Im Laufe der Jahrhunderte wurde in der Stochastik und in der in ihr verwendeten Kombinatorik eine Vielzahl von Problemen aufgeworfen, und diese höchst geistreich gelöst. Das vorliegende Buch bietet eine Auswahl der interessantesten Probleme in ihrer historischen Abfolge. Aufgaben und Lösungen werden im historischen Kontext und in moderner Fassung vorgestellt. Dabei überrascht immer wieder, mit welchen Methoden und welcher Rechenfertigkeit in früherer Zeit diese Probleme bewältigt wurden.
Das Werk bietet Anregungen für alle Interessierten vom mathematisch gebildeten Laien bis zum professionellen Mathematiker. Viele der aufgeführten Problemstellungen hatten großen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der Aufgabenkultur in der Stochastik. Bis heute lassen sich die Spuren in Aufgaben von Schul- und Hochschulbüchern finden.

Inhalt:
Von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des Mittelalters
Beginn der Neuzeit
1. Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts
HUYGENS’ Tractatus de Ratiociniis in Aleae Ludo von 1657
2. Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts
Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts
JAKOB BERNOULLIs Ars Conjectandi von 1713
MONTMORTs Essay d’Analyse sur les Jeux de Hazard von 1713
NIKOLAUS BERNOULLIs Petersburger Problem von 1713
Die Jahre nach 1713 bis 1750
2. Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts
1. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts
2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts
Das 20. Jahrhundert
Nachtrag
Lebensdaten
Literatur
Abbildungsverzeichnis
Personenregister
Sachregister

The book is designed to cover all major aspects of applied numerical methods, including numerical computations, solution of algebraic and transcendental equations, finite differences and interpolation, curve fitting, correlation and regression, numerical differentiation and integration, matrices and linear system of equations, numerical solution of ordinary differential equations, and numerical solution of partial differential equations. MATLAB is incorporated throughout the text and most of the problems are executed in MATLAB code. It uses a numerical problem-solving orientation with numerous examples, figures, and end of chapter exercises. Presentations are limited to very basic topics to serve as an introduction to more advanced topics.

Features:

• Integrates MATLAB throughout the text
• Includes over 600 fully-solved problems with step-by-step solutions
• Limits presentations to basic concepts of solving numerical methods

Die Numerische Mathematik ist einer der Grundpfeiler des Mathematik-, Ingenieur-, Physik- und Informatikstudiums. Dieses zweibändige Lehrbuch ist für Einführungsvorlesungen konzipiert und legt eine solide Basis für weiterführende Lerneinheiten. Der Text ist aus Vorlesungsmanuskripten hervorgegangen, die der Verfasser seit etwa 30 Jahren für seine Grundvorlesungen auf dem Gebiet der Numerischen Mathematik und des Wissenschaftlichen Rechnens an der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena verwendet.

Das Buch deckt den gesamten Bereich der Numerischen Mathematik von den klassischen Techniken wie Gaußscher Algorithmus und Newtonsches Verfahren bis hin zu modernen Algorithmen wie kubische Spline-Interpolation, Kleinste-Quadrate-Approximation mittels Householder- und Givens-Transformationen sowie Deflationstechniken ab. Die Verfahren werden mathematisch exakt beschrieben, in MATLAB-Codes implementiert und anhand von Beispielen demonstriert. Die MATLAB-Codes sind auf der Webseite des Verlages zum Download bereitgestellt, so dass der Leser seine eigenen Experimente mit den numerischen Verfahren durchführen kann.

Durch seinen didaktischen Aufbau und die zahlreichen anschaulichen Beispiele und Übungsaufgaben eignet sich dieses Buch hervorragend als vorlesungsbegleitende Lektüre und als Grundlage für ein erfolgreiches Selbststudium. Gleichzeitig kann es von Mathematikern, Naturwissenschaftlern und Ingenieuren als profundes Nachschlagewerk herangezogen werden.

Mit der 4. Auflage wurde das umfangreiche Standardwerk der Numerischen Mathematik so in zwei Bände aufgeteilt, dass diese relativ unabhängig voneinander gelesen werden können. An vielen Stellen wurde der Text überarbeitet und ergänzt. Das betrifft insbesondere diejenigen Abschnitte, die für Lehrerstudenten relevant sind sowie die Implementierung der numerischen Verfahren in der Programmiersprache MATLAB.

Die Numerische Mathematik ist einer der Grundpfeiler des Mathematik-, Ingenieur-, Physik- und Informatikstudiums. Dieses zweibändige Lehrbuch ist für Einführungsvorlesungen konzipiert und legt eine solide Basis für weiterführende Lerneinheiten. Der Text ist aus Vorlesungsmanuskripten hervorgegangen, die der Verfasser seit etwa 30 Jahren für seine Grundvorlesungen auf dem Gebiet der Numerischen Mathematik und des Wissenschaftlichen Rechnens an der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena verwendet.

Das Buch deckt den gesamten Bereich der Numerischen Mathematik von den klassischen Techniken wie Gaußscher Algorithmus und Newtonsches Verfahren bis hin zu modernen Algorithmen wie kubische Spline-Interpolation, Kleinste-Quadrate-Approximation mittels Householder- und Givens-Transformationen sowie Deflationstechniken ab. Die Verfahren werden mathematisch exakt beschrieben, in MATLAB-Codes implementiert und anhand von Beispielen demonstriert. Die MATLAB-Codes sind auf der Webseite des Verlages zum Download bereitgestellt, so dass der Leser seine eigenen Experimente mit den numerischen Verfahren durchführen kann.

Durch seinen didaktischen Aufbau und die zahlreichen anschaulichen Beispiele und Übungsaufgaben eignet sich dieses Buch hervorragend als vorlesungsbegleitende Lektüre und als Grundlage für ein erfolgreiches Selbststudium. Gleichzeitig kann es von Mathematikern, Naturwissenschaftlern und Ingenieuren als profundes Nachschlagewerk herangezogen werden.

Mit der 4. Auflage wurde das umfangreiche Standardwerk der Numerischen Mathematik so in zwei Bände aufgeteilt, dass diese relativ unabhängig voneinander gelesen werden können. An vielen Stellen wurde der Text überarbeitet und ergänzt. Das betrifft insbesondere diejenigen Abschnitte, die für Lehrerstudenten relevant sind sowie die Implementierung der numerischen Verfahren in der Programmiersprache MATLAB.

Die Numerische Mathematik ist einer der Grundpfeiler des Mathematik-, Ingenieur-, Physik- und Informatikstudiums. Dieses zweibändige Lehrbuch ist für Einführungsvorlesungen konzipiert und legt eine solide Basis für weiterführende Lerneinheiten. Der Text ist aus Vorlesungsmanuskripten hervorgegangen, die der Verfasser seit etwa 30 Jahren für seine Grundvorlesungen auf dem Gebiet der Numerischen Mathematik und des Wissenschaftlichen Rechnens an der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena verwendet.

Das Buch deckt den gesamten Bereich der Numerischen Mathematik von den klassischen Techniken wie Gaußscher Algorithmus und Newtonsches Verfahren bis hin zu modernen Algorithmen wie kubische Spline-Interpolation, Kleinste-Quadrate-Approximation mittels Householder- und Givens-Transformationen sowie Deflationstechniken ab. Die Verfahren werden mathematisch exakt beschrieben, in MATLAB-Codes implementiert und anhand von Beispielen demonstriert. Die MATLAB-Codes sind auf der Webseite des Verlages zum Download bereitgestellt, so dass der Leser seine eigenen Experimente mit den numerischen Verfahren durchführen kann.

Durch seinen didaktischen Aufbau und die zahlreichen anschaulichen Beispiele und Übungsaufgaben eignet sich dieses Buch hervorragend als vorlesungsbegleitende Lektüre und als Grundlage für ein erfolgreiches Selbststudium. Gleichzeitig kann es von Mathematikern, Naturwissenschaftlern und Ingenieuren als profundes Nachschlagewerk herangezogen werden.

Mit der 4. Auflage wurde das umfangreiche Standardwerk der Numerischen Mathematik so in zwei Bände aufgeteilt, dass diese relativ unabhängig voneinander gelesen werden können. An vielen Stellen wurde der Text überarbeitet und ergänzt. Das betrifft insbesondere diejenigen Abschnitte, die für Lehrerstudenten relevant sind sowie die Implementierung der numerischen Verfahren in der Programmiersprache MATLAB.

Dieses Buch hat sich seit der zweiten Auflage zu einem vielbeachteten Klassiker im deutschsprachigen Raum entwickelt. Wesentliche Konzepte der Numerik von Differentialgleichungen werden an einfacheren Problemen wie Drei-Term-Rekursionen oder numerische Quadratur dargestellt. Neu hinzu gekommen in der 5. Auflage sind insbesondere aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zur effizienten Polynominterpolation, die auf Trefethen et al. zurückgehen.

Numerical analysis deals with the development and analysis of algorithms for scientific computing, and is in itself a very important part of mathematics, which has become more and more prevalent across the mathematical spectrum. This book is an introduction to numerical methods for solving linear and nonlinear systems of equations as well as ordinary and partial differential equations, and for approximating curves, functions, and integrals.

The organization of the material is presented as follows:

This introductory chapter I represents a theoretical analysis of the computational algorithms for a numerical solution of the basic equations in continuum mechanics. In this chapter, the general requirements for computational grids, discretization, and iterative methods for black-box software are examined. Finally, a concept of a two-grid algorithm for (de-)coupled solving multidimensional non-linear (initial-)boundary value problems in continuum mechanics (multiphysics simulation) in complex domains is presented.

Chapter II contains descriptions of the sequential Robust Multigrid Technique which is developed as a general-purpose solver in black-box codes. This chapter presents the main components of the Robust Multigrid Technique (RMT) used in the two-grid algorithm (Chapter I) to compute the auxiliary (structured) grid correction. This includes the generation of multigrid structures, computation of index mapping, and integral evaluation. Finite volume discretization on the multigrid structures will be explained by studying a 1D linear model problem. In addition, the algorithmic complexity of RMT and black-box optimization of the problem-dependent components of RMT are analysed.

Chapter III provides a description of parallel RMT. This chapter introduces parallel RMT-based algorithms for solving the boundary value problems and initial-boundary value problems in unified manner. Section 1 presents a comparative analysis of the parallel RMT and the sequential V-cycle. Sections 2 and 3 present a geometric and an algebraic parallelism of RMT, i.e. parallelization of the smoothing iterations on the coarse and the levels. A parallel multigrid cycle will be considered in Section 4. A parallel RMT for the time-dependent problems is given in Section 5. Finally, the basic properties of parallel RMT will be summarized in Section 6.

Theoretical aspects of the used algorithms for solving multidimensional problems are discussed in Chapters IV. This chapter contains the theoretical aspects of the algorithms used for the numerical solving of the resulting system of linear algebraic equations obtained from discrete multidimensional (initial-)boundary value problems.

Die Mathematik ist in allen Bereichen der modernen Gesellschaft ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel, um bei der Lösung der vielfältigen Probleme mit zu wirken, insbesondere in Technik, Naturwissenschaften und Ökonomie. Die Mitwirkung mathematischer Methoden bei der Lösung praktischer Aufgaben in diesen Bereichen vollzieht sich in folgenden Schritten:

• Präzise Formulierung des Problems: die Aufgabenstellung muss klar erkennbar werden. Es ist kenntlich zu machen, welche Schwerpunkte zu setzen sind.
• Erarbeitung eines mathematischen Modells des Problems: aus der technischen, ökonomischen oder sonstigen Aufgabenstellung ist ein für die mathematische Behandlung geeignetes Modell zu entwickeln und einer mathematischen Behandlung zugänglich zu machen.
• Numerische Berechnung der Lösung: es sind geeignete Algorithmen und die erforderlichen Rechenhilfsmittel auszuwählen. Es sind Anforderungen an den numerischen Algorithmus bezüglich Rechenzeit und Rechengenauigkeit zu formulieren, sowie Abschätzungen der zu erwartenden Rechenfehler durchzuführen.
• Auswertung der erzielten Resultate: Es ist zu entscheiden, ob eine ausreichende Lösung des praktischen Problems erzielt worden ist oder ob eine Verbesserung des mathematischen Modells erfolgen muss.

All relevant implementation aspects of finite element methods are discussed in this book. The focus is on algorithms and data structures as well as on their concrete implementation. Theory is covered only as far as it gives insight into the construction of algorithms. In the exercises, a complete FE-solver for stationary 2D problems is implemented in Matlab/Octave.

Contents:
Finite Element Fundamentals
Grids and Finite Elements
Assembly
Solvers
Error Estimation
Mesh Refinement
Multigrid
Elastomechanics
Fluid Mechanics
Grid Data Structure
Function Reference

Currently, nonstandard analysis is barely considered in university teaching. The author argues that nonstandard analysis is valuable not only for teaching, but also for understanding standard analysis and mathematics itself. An axiomatic approach wich pays attention to different language levels (for example, in the distinction between sums of ones and the natural numbers of the theory) leads naturally to a nonstandard theory. For motivation historical ideas of Leibniz can be taken up. The book contains an elaborated concept that follows this approach and is suitable, for example, as a basis for a lecture-supplementary course.

The monograph part presents all major approaches to nonstandard analysis and discusses logical, model-theoretic, and set-theoretic investigations to reveal possible mathematical reasons that may lead to reservations about nonstandard analysis. Also various foundational positions as well as ontological, epistemological, and application-related issues are addressed. It turns out that the one-sided preference for standard analysis is justified neither from a didactic, mathematical nor philosophical point of view.

Thus, the book is especially valuable for students and instructors of analysis who are also interested in the foundations of their subject.

Bessel functions have the peculiarity of being functions of two independent variables: argument and order. They have been studied extensively because of their countless applications, but the vast majority of available literature is devoted to the case of fixed order, variable argument. This two-volume work explores the opposite case.

This volume collects tabulations of the first, second, and third derivatives with respect to the order.

This book is a concise yet complete calculus textbook covering all essential topics in multi-variable calculus, including geometry in three-dimensional space, partial derivatives, maximum/minimum, multiple integrals and vector calculus as well as a chapter for ODE. All the chapters are constructed in a logical way to outline the essence of each topic and to address potential difficulties arising from learning.

Bessel functions have the peculiarity of being functions of two independent variables: argument and order. They have been studied extensively because of their countless applications, but the vast majority of available literature is devoted to the case of fixed order, variable argument. This two-volume work explores the opposite case.

This volume focuses on properties of the functions and mathematical operations with respect to the order.

A computer algebra system such as Mathematica® is able to do much more than just numerics: This text shows how to tackle real mathematical problems from basic analysis. The reader learns how Mathematica® represents domains, qualifiers and limits to implement actual proofs – a requirement to unlock the huge potential of Mathematica® for a variety of applications.

The second edition covers the introduction to the main mathematical tools of nonlinear functional analysis, which are also used in the study of concrete problems in economics, engineering, and physics. The new edition includes some new topics on Banach spaces of functions and measures and nonlinear analysis.

By connecting dynamical systems and number theory, this graduate textbook on ergodic theory acts as an introduction to a highly active area of mathematics, where a variety of strands of research open up. The text explores various concepts in infinite ergodic theory, always using continued fractions and other number-theoretic dynamical systems as illustrative examples.

Contents:
Preface
Mathematical symbols
Number-theoretical dynamical systems
Basic ergodic theory
Renewal theory and α-sum-level sets
Infinite ergodic theory
Applications of infinite ergodic theory
Bibliography
Index

Diese kompakte Einführung in die Gebiete der Analytischen Zahlentheorie, die den Primzahlsatz, den Satz über Primzahlen in arithmetischen Folgen und die Riemannsche zeta-Funktion zum Gegenstand hat, wurde für einen einsemestrigen Kurs für Studierende der Mathematik an der Universität Innsbruck konzipiert. Die anregende Darstellung und der Einschluss der Resultate aus der Analysis, Funktionentheorie und Gruppentheorie, auf die die Analytische Zahlentheorie zurückgreift, erlauben ebenso die Benutzung des Buches zum Selbststudium, wie auch als Nachschlagewerk für Mathematiker aus anderen Bereichen.

Inhalt
Größenordnungen zahlentheoretischer Funktionen
Dirichlet-Reihen
Der Primzahlsatz
Die zeta-Funktion auf der komplexen Ebene ℂ
Anhang: Hilfsresultate aus der Analysis, der Funktionentheorie und der Gruppentheorie

The book introduces a new form of mathematical logic called "Information Oriented Logic" (IOL). It demonstrates that IOL is capable of solving various classical and non-classical logic problems that cannot be solved by traditional methods of logic. In this book, it is argued that two meaningful declarative sentences or symbols can make the same statement if they express the same thing or referent in different ways. The book treats a piece of information as the referent for a meaningful declarative sentence, thus inventing information-oriented logic. As a result, this book provides a comprehensive guide to this logic. Unlike traditional logic, which uses declarative sentences as the result of logical expressions, this new logic uses pieces of information. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as scholars applying mathematical logic to various fields such as philosophy, linguistics, ontology, information theory, computer science, etc. Additionally, it provides a new mereology in which all implications of a piece of information are its parts.

Bessel functions have the peculiarity of being functions of two independent variables: argument and order. They have been studied extensively because of their countless applications, but the vast majority of available literature is devoted to the case of fixed order, variable argument. This two-volume work explores the opposite case.

This volume focuses on properties of the functions and mathematical operations with respect to the order.

Iterative Methods for Fixed Points of Nonlinear Operators offers an introduction into iterative methods of fixed points for nonexpansive mappings, pseudo-contrations in Hilbert Spaces and in Banach Spaces. Iterative methods of zeros for accretive mappings in Banach Spaces and monotone mappings in Hilbert Spaces are also discussed. It is an essential work for mathematicians and graduate students in nonlinear analysis.

Wie kann es unendlich kleine reelle und unendlich große natürliche Zahlen geben? Und wie können wir solche Zahlen für die Lehre der Analysis nutzen und gleichzeitig Reflexionen über die Grundlagen der Mathematik anregen? Dieses Werk gibt detailliert Antworten und zeigt, dass die Nonstandard-Analysis nicht nur für die Lehre, sondern auch für das Verständnis der Standard-Analysis und der Mathematik insgesamt außerordentlich wertvoll ist.

The book Sequences and Series in Calculus is designed as the first college/university calculus course for students who take and do well on the AP AB exam in high school and who are interested in a more proof-oriented treatment of calculus. The text begins with an ε-ℕ treatment of sequence convergence, then builds on this to discuss convergence of series—first series of real numbers, then series of functions. The difference between uniform and pointwise convergence is discussed in some detail. This is followed by a discussion of calculus on power series and Taylor series. Finally improper integrals, integration by parts and partial fractions integration all are introduced.

This book is designed both to teach calculus, and to give the readers and students a taste of analysis to help them determine if they wish to study this material even more deeply. It might be used by colleges and universities who teach special versions of calculus courses for their most mathematically advanced entering first-year students, as might its older sibling text Multivariable and Vector Calculus which appeared in 2020 and is intended for students who take and do well on the AP BC exam.

Dieses Buch umfaßt einen Grundkurs und einen Aufbaukurs. Der Grundkurs ist voraussetzungsfrei geschrieben und führt den Leser in die Semantik und Beweistheorie der Aussagenlogik und elementaren Prädikatenlogik ein, eingebettet in die allgemeine Theorie des rationalen Schließens. Auf die philosophische Anwendung der Logik in der logischen Rekonstruktion natursprachlicher Argumente liegt besonderes Augenmerk. Zusammenhänge zwischen alternativen logischen Notationen und Techniken werden sorgfältig erklärt. Der anschließende Aufbaukurs schlägt die Brücke zwischen einer philosophischen Logikeinführung und dem fortgeschrittenen Niveau moderner formaler Logik. Nach einer gründlichen Einführung in die volle Prädikatenlogik und ihrer Semantik wendet sich der Band metalogischen Methoden zu. Prominente Resultate zur Korrektheit und Vollständigkeit der Prädikatenlogik, Unentscheidbarkeit der Prädikatenlogik und Unvollständigkeit der Arithmetik 1. Stufe werden Schritt um Schritt erklärt. Abgerundet wird der Band durch vertiefende Exkurse und zahlreiche Übungen mit Lösungen zum Download. Die 2. revidierte Auflage wurde inhaltlich und didaktisch gründlich überarbeitet.

Dieses Lehrbuch zählt mit seinem komprimierten und zugleich klaren Stil zu den Meisterwerken der mathematischen Lehrbuchliteratur. Walter Rudin behandelt mit methodisch-didaktischer Geschicklichkeit vollständig die Analysis einer und mehrerer Variablen, wobei wichtige Themen wie z.B. das Riemann-Stieltjes-Integral, die Lebesgue’sche Theorie, die Gamma-Funktion, Differentialformen oder der Satz von Stone-Weierstraß sehr ausführlich diskutiert werden.

This textbook is devoted to a compressed and self-contained exposition of two important parts of contemporary mathematics: convex and set-valued analysis. In the first part, properties of convex sets, the theory of separation, convex functions and their differentiability, properties of convex cones in finite- and infinite-dimensional spaces are discussed. The second part covers some important parts of set-valued analysis. There the properties of the Hausdorff metric and various continuity concepts of set-valued maps are considered. The great attention is paid also to measurable set-valued functions, continuous, Lipschitz and some special types of selections, fixed point and coincidence theorems, covering set-valued maps, topological degree theory and differential inclusions.

Contents:
Preface
Part I: Convex analysis
Convex sets and their properties
The convex hull of a set. The interior of convex sets
The affine hull of sets. The relative interior of convex sets
Separation theorems for convex sets
Convex functions
Closedness, boundedness, continuity, and Lipschitz property of convex functions
Conjugate functions
Support functions
Differentiability of convex functions and the subdifferential
Convex cones
A little more about convex cones in infinite-dimensional spaces
A problem of linear programming
More about convex sets and convex hulls
Part II: Set-valued analysis
Introduction to the theory of topological and metric spaces
The Hausdorff metric and the distance between sets
Some fine properties of the Hausdorff metric
Set-valued maps. Upper semicontinuous and lower semicontinuous set-valued maps
A base of topology of the spaceHc(X)
Measurable set-valued maps. Measurable selections and measurable choice theorems
The superposition set-valued operator
The Michael theorem and continuous selections. Lipschitz selections. Single-valued approximations
Special selections of set-valued maps
Differential inclusions
Fixed points and coincidences of maps in metric spaces
Stability of coincidence points and properties of covering maps
Topological degree and fixed points of set-valued maps in Banach spaces
Existence results for differential inclusions via the fixed point method
Notation
Bibliography
Index

Aufbauend auf Grundkenntnissen der Analysis und der linearen Algebra behandelt dieses Lehrbuch die Geometrie der Kegel in geordneten normierten Räumen. Einerseits werden grundlegende Konzepte wie geordnete Vektorräume erläutert, andererseits werden – Grundkenntnisse in der Funktionalanalysis vorausgesetzt – Eigenschaften von Kegeln und deren dualen Kegeln in normierten Räumen systematisch untersucht sowie Kegel im Raum der linearen stetigen Operatoren behandelt.

Diese Übersetzung vereint die beiden kleinen (in Russisch erschienenen) Broschüren „Einführung in die Theorie der Kegel in normierten Räumen" und „Spezielle Probleme der Geometrie von Kegeln in normierten Räumen" von B. Z. Wulich aus den 1970er Jahren. Mit interessanten Zusatzinformationen gespickt, ist dieses Buch ein Glanzlicht in seinem Bereich.

General Topology and Analysis provide a theoretical foundation that supports research in various practical applications. However, students often consider these subjects challenging. In response, the book provides a straightforward and comprehensive presentation of the material. This book covers all the essential topological structures in an abstract manner to understand concepts such as continuity, homeomorphism, and limits. It also delves into metric spaces and complete spaces, which are crucial special cases of topological spaces. Additionally, it explores the fixed-point theorem and its applications and fundamental theorems. It also includes compact topological spaces and connected topological spaces, and it addresses normed vector spaces and continuous linear (or multilinear) applications, which are fundamental tools in functional analysis. Also, the book contains examples that could be useful for students interested in electrical engineering. Moreover, diagrams in the book are designed not only to clarify the specific topic but also to connect that topic with other branches of topology and geometry. The counter-examples, problems, and exercises are well chosen in order of difficulty. This book serves as a textbook for graduate and advanced students interested in math applications to functional analysis, differential equations, computer science, control theory, and optimization.

Dieses Standardwerk zu philosophischen Hintergründen des mathematischen Denkens und Sprechens, Lehrens und Lernens bietet einen umfangreichen Abriss zur Geschichte der Philosophie der Mathematik bis hin zu aktuellen Strömungen. Es diskutiert mathematische und philosophische Grundfragen der historischen wie der modernen Mathematik. Über Mengenlehre, Logik und Axiomatik führt es in mathematische Grundlagen ein, untersucht das Verhältnis von Wahrheit und Beweis und stellt fundamentale Ergebnisse, ungelöste und unlösbare Probleme vor.

Wenn auch Sie sich zum Beispiel schon oft gefragt haben, ob Hunde rechnen können, wie man das Gewicht eines Schweines berechnet oder worin der Unterschied zwischen großen und riesengroßen Zahlen liegt, finden Sie in diesem Buch, in seiner aktualisierten und erweiterten Auflage, die mathematischen Lösungen. Außerdem ist ein komplett neues Kapitel über Mathematik und Corona hinzugekommen, in dem das Phänomen des exponentiellen Wachstums mit Hilfe von Schachbrettern und Haien genauer unter die Lupe genommen wird.

Entdecken Sie auf humorvolle Weise, welche überraschenden Erklärungen Ihnen die Mathematik für alltägliche Fragen zu bieten hat.

Im ersten Teil des Buches werden sämtliche Kohärenzmaße sowie ihre jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile vorgestellt. Dabei werden sowohl Adäquatheitsbedingungen als auch Testfälle für Kohärenzmaße berücksichtigt. Im zweiten Teil stehen dann mögliche Anwendungen von Kohärenzmaßen im Bereich der Kohärenztheorie der Rechtfertigung im Mittelpunkt. Insbesondere die Frage nach der Wahrheits- und Verlässlichkeitsförderlichkeit werden mit Bezug auf die vorgestellten Maße diskutiert. Zudem wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Kohärenz und Konsistenz eingehend beleuchtet.

Der letzte Teil des Buches widmet sich dann den Problemen und Einwänden sowohl gegen einzelne Klassen von Maßen als auch gegen das Projekt der probabilistischen Kohärenzmaße insgesamt. Hier werden unter anderem das Problem der Individuierung von Überzeugungen sowie der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Begriff der Kohärenz und dem der Erkärung betrachtet.

The present book is an introduction to the philosophy of mathematics. It asks philosophical questions concerning fundamental concepts, constructions and methods - this is done from the standpoint of mathematical research and teaching. It looks for answers both in mathematics and in the philosophy of mathematics from their beginnings till today. The reference point of the considerations is the introducing of the reals in the 19th century that marked an epochal turn in the foundations of mathematics.

In the book problems connected with the concept of a number, with the infinity, the continuum and the infinitely small, with the applicability of mathematics as well as with sets, logic, provability and truth and with the axiomatic approach to mathematics are considered. In Chapter 6 the meaning of infinitesimals to mathematics and to the elements of analysis is presented.

The authors of the present book are mathematicians. Their aim is to introduce mathematicians and teachers of mathematics as well as students into the philosophy of mathematics. The book is suitable also for professional philosophers as well as for students of philosophy, just because it approaches philosophy from the side of mathematics. The knowledge of mathematics needed to understand the text is elementary.

• Reports on historical conceptions.
• Thinking about today‘s mathematical doing and thinking.
• Recent developments.
• Based on the third, revised German edition.
• For mathematicians - students, teachers, researchers and lecturers - and readersinterested in mathematics and philosophy.

Contents
On the way to the reals
On the history of the philosophy of mathematics
On fundamental questions of the philosophy of mathematics
Sets and set theories
Axiomatic approach and logic
Thinking and calculating infinitesimally – First nonstandard steps
Retrospection

This two-volume graduate textbook gives a comprehensive, state-of-the-art account of describing large subgroups of the unit group of the integral group ring of a finite group and, more generally, of the unit group of an order in a finite dimensional semisimple rational algebra. Since the book is addressed to graduate students as well as young researchers, all required background on these diverse areas, both old and new, is included. Supporting problems illustrate the results and complete some of the proofs.

Volume 1 contains all the details on describing generic constructions of units and the subgroup they generate. Volume 2 mainly is about structure theorems and geometric methods. Without being encyclopaedic, all main results and techniques used to achieve these results are included.

Basic courses in group theory, ring theory and field theory are assumed as background.

This book is based on the experience of teaching the subject by the author in Russia, France, South Africa and Sweden. The author provides students and teachers with an easy to follow textbook spanning a variety of topics on tensors, Riemannian geometry and geometric approach to partial differential equations. Application of approximate transformation groups to the equations of general relativity in the de Sitter space simplifies the subject significantly.

This two-volume graduate textbook gives a comprehensive, state-of-the-art account of describing large subgroups of the unit group of the integral group ring of a finite group and, more generally, of the unit group of an order in a finite dimensional semisimple rational algebra. Since the book is addressed to graduate students as well as young researchers, all required background on these diverse areas, both old and new, is included. Supporting problems illustrate the results and complete some of the proofs.

Volume 1 contains all the details on describing generic constructions of units and the subgroup they generate. Volume 2 mainly is about structure theorems and geometric methods. Without being encyclopaedic, all main results and techniques used to achieve these results are included.

Basic courses in group theory, ring theory and field theory are assumed as background.

"Higher mathematics" once pointed towards the involvement of infinity. This we label analysis. The ancient Greeks had helped it to a first high point when they mastered the infinite. The book traces the history of analysis along the risky route of serial procedures through antiquity. It took quite long for this type of mathematics to revive in our region. When and where it did, infinite series proved the driving force. Not until a good two millennia had gone by, would analysis head towards Greek rigor again. To follow all that trial, error and final accomplishment, is more than studying history: It provides touching, worthwhile access to advanced calculus. Moreover, some steps beyond convergence show infinite series to naturally fit a wider frame.

Welcome to the fascinating intersection of mathematics, biology, and ecology!

This book is intended primarily as a resource for teachers planning to teach their first introductory course on modeling in mathematical biology and/or ecology. This being said, it can also be used by students preparing to embark on an independent studies project in one of these fields; or, by researchers unfamiliar with the methods or software introduced who are seeking an accessible and quick introduction to one of the methods and/or software presented here; or, by curious biologists, ecologists, or mathematicians who may be unfamiliar with "the other side;" or, maybe, by the perpetual learner who is intrigued by the dynamics of living ecosystems. For each of the above, this book is designed to be an accessible introduction to the captivating landscape of biomathematics.

The approach used in this book takes advantage of technology in leading readers on a journey that bridges seemingly distinct fields through introductions to three methods and software platforms: Compartmental models with Berkeley Madonna; agent-based models with NetLogo; and cluster analysis through selforganizing maps using an R Shiny app.

This is not intended to be a textbook (though it may be used as one), nor is it a purely mathematics book or one purely about deeper aspects of biology or ecology. It focuses on three selected ways in which the intersection of mathematics and biology (and mathematics and ecology) can be explored with the help of software. Moreover, the manner in which the content is presented makes it possible to use this book to help prepare for an introductory course at a wide range of levels, depending on the discipline within which the course is taught and the mathematical prerequisites for the course.

There are four chapters, the first of which presents the reader with a bit of background information followed by suggestions on how to get the most out of this book. The three core chapters introduce the three previously mentioned methods and software in a manner envisioned to be accessible to most.

This textbook offers a different approach to classical textbooks in Differential Geometry. It includes practical examples and over 300 advanced problems designed for graduate students in various fields, such as fluid mechanics, gravitational fields, nuclear physics, electromagnetism, solid-state physics, and thermodynamics. Additionally, it contains problems tailored for students specializing in chemical, civil, and electrical engineering and electronics. The book provides fully detailed solutions to each problem and includes many illustrations to help visualize theoretical concepts.

The book introduces Frenet equations for plane and space curves, presents the basic theory of surfaces, and introduces differentiable maps and differentials on the surface. It also provides the first and second fundamental forms of surfaces, minimal surfaces, and geodesics. Furthermore, it contains a detailed analysis of covariant derivatives and manifolds.

The book covers many classical results, such as the Lancret Theorem, Shell Theorem, Joachimsthal Theorem, and Meusnier Theorem, as well as the fundamental theorems of plane curves, space curves, surfaces, and manifolds.

Die dritte Auflage des bewährten Lehrbuchs bietet, vollständig überarbeitet und aktualisiert, eine fundierte und zugängliche Einführung in die Differentialgeometrie von Kurven und Flächen.　

Beginnend mit klassischer euklidischer Geometrie deckt das Lehrbuch wichtige Themen wie Kurven- und Flächentheorie, die zentrale Bedeutung der Krümmung sowie analytische und topologische Aspekte ab. Auch Minimalflächen, hyperbolische Geometrie, Anwendungen in der Kartografie und der Satz von Gauß-Bonnet werden behandelt. Die mathematische Darstellung ist so gewählt, dass sich das Buch als Einstieg in die abstrakte riemannsche Geometrie eignet.

Eine der wichtigsten Erweiterungen in dieser Auflage ist die verbesserte Darstellung der Konstruktion von Triangulierungen. Durch Illustrationen und verständlichere Erklärungen wird nun ein noch tieferes und intuitiveres Verständnis der Materie ermöglicht.

Zu jedem Kapitel finden sich sorgfältig ausgewählte Übungsaufgaben, die das Gelernte vertiefen und anwenden lassen. Die meisten Aufgaben sind mit ausführlichen Lösungshinweisen versehen, die helfen, die Konzepte selbstständig zu meistern und das Wissen zu festigen.

The first half of the book provides an introduction to general topology, with ample space given to exercises and carefully selected applications. The second half of the text includes topics in asymmetric topology, a field motivated by applications in computer science. Recurring themes include the interactions of topology with order theory and mathematics designed to model loss-of-resolution situations.

This book offers an introduction to differential geometry for the non-specialist. It includes most of the required material from multivariable calculus, linear algebra, and basic analysis. An intuitive approach and a minimum of prerequisites make it a valuable companion for students of mathematics and physics.

The main focus is on manifolds in Euclidean space and the metric properties they inherit from it. Among the topics discussed are curvature and how it affects the shape of space, and the generalization of the fundamental theorem of calculus known as Stokes' theorem.

In the two-volume set ‘A Selection of Highlights’ we present basics of mathematics in an exciting and pedagogically sound way. This volume examines many fundamental results in Geometry and Discrete Mathematics along with their proofs and their history. In the second edition we include a new chapter on Topological Data Analysis and enhanced the chapter on Graph Theory for solving further classical problems such as the Traveling Salesman Problem.

Ideen und Konzepte der „Allgemeinen Topologie“ werden anhand einfacher Beispiele vorgestellt und anschließend konsequent entwickelt. Alle wesentlichen Begriffe werden anschaulich gewonnen. Der didaktische Aufbau folgt der Idee des „learn & check“ – weshalb an allen wichtigen Stellen Übungsaufgaben bereitstehen, für die es Lösungsvorschläge am jeweiligen Kapitelende gibt.

Neben Fehlerkorrekturen und Ergänzungen enthält diese zweite Auflage neues Material – insbesondere im Abschnitt über Funktionenräume – sowie zwei neue Kapitel: eines über uniforme Räume und eines über Hyperräume.

Understanding geometry, physics, and biology

This is a highly informative and richly illustrated nonfiction book that conveys scientific content in a clear and understandable way. Drawing on numerous examples, it explains topics from geometry, physics, and biology and points out commonalities between the disciplines. The book contains approx. 300 links to video animations and is accompanied by a freely accessible interactive software that allows readers to delve even deeper into the content covered in the book.

The content, videos, and software were developed by the Department of Geometry at the University of Applied Arts Vienna. Georg Glaeser’s research focuses particularly on interdisciplinary mathematical and biological issues, and he worked for many years with Franz Gruber, who was highly adept at visualizing complex issues.

• Includes links to around 300 video animations, accessible via QR codes
• Compact, informative, and easy-to-understand explanations of scientific issues in the disciplines of geometry, physics, and biology
• With numerous images and illustrations

Das Übungsbuch folgt in Aufbau und Stoffauswahl dem bewährten Lehrbuch Mathematik für Ingenieure. Anhand einer großen Anzahl vollständig durchgerechneter Aufgaben erwirbt der Leser die nötige Praxis für die Bearbeitung von Aufgabenstellungen. Zahlreiche Abbildungen veranschaulichen die bearbeiteten Sachverhalte.

With emphasis on stochastic aspects of deterministic systems this short book introduces the reader to the basic facts and some special topics of applied ergodic theory. It adresses advanced undergraduate and graduate students from various disciplines, i.e. mathematicians, physicists, electrical and mechanical engineers. Based upon a sound (but non-technical) mathematical introduction, a number of typical examples from applications (mostly from mechanics) are thoroughly discussed. By studying both probabilistic and deterministic features of dynamical systems the reader will develop what might be considered a unified view on chaos and chance as two sides of the same thing.

Besonderen Wert legt Rudin darauf, dem Leser die Zusammenhänge unterschiedlicher Bereiche der Analysis zu vermitteln und so die Grundlage für ein umfassenderes Verständnis zu schaffen. Das Werk zeichnet sich durch seine wissenschaftliche Prägnanz und Genauigkeit aus und hat damit die Entwicklung der modernen Analysis in nachhaltiger Art und Weise beeinflusst. Der "Baby-Rudin" gehört weltweit zu den beliebtesten Lehrbüchern der Analysis und ist in 13 Sprachen übersetzt. 1993 wurde es mit dem renommierten Steele Prize for Mathematical Exposition der American Mathematical Society ausgezeichnet.

This book is devoted to analytically approximate methods in the nonlinear dynamics of a rigid body with cavities (containers) partly filled by a liquid. The methods are normally based on the Bateman-Luke variational formalism combined with perturbation theory. The derived approximate equations of spatial motions of the body-liquid mechanical system (these equations are called mathematical models in the title) take the form of a finite-dimensional system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations coupling quasi-velocities of the rigid body motions and generalized coordinates responsible for displacements of the natural sloshing modes. Algorithms for computing the hydrodynamic coefficients in the approximate mathematical models are proposed. Numerical values of these coefficients are listed for some tank shapes and liquid fillings. The mathematical models are also derived for the contained liquid characterized by the Newton-type dissipation. Formulas for hydrodynamic force and moment are derived in terms of the solid body quasi-velocities and the sloshing-related generalized coordinates. For prescribed harmonic excitations of upright circular (annular) cylindrical and/or conical tanks, the steady-state sloshing regimes are theoretically classified; the results are compared with known experimental data.

The book can be useful for both experienced and early-stage mechanicians, applied mathematicians and engineers interested in (semi-)analytical approaches to the “fluid-structure” interaction problems, their fundamental mathematical background as well as in modeling the dynamics of complex mechanical systems containing a rigid tank partly filled by a liquid.

Dieses Taschenbuch richtet sich an Studierende aller natur- und ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen sowie Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler in der Praxis.

• der ideale Begleiter für das gesamte Studium der Natur- und Ingenieurwissenschaften an Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften und Universitäten
• das kompakte Nachschlagewerk für mathematische Anwendungen in der Praxis
• mit umfangreichem Anhang zu Integraltafeln und -transformationen, Reihenentwicklung und statistischen Tabellen

Die mathematischen Grundlagen werden kurz eingeführt und die notwendigen Formeln präsentiert.

Aus dem Inhalt: Grundlagen – Mengen, Zahlbereiche, Geometrie, Trigonometrie, Koordinatensysteme, Kegelschnitte; Grundzüge der Linearen Algebra; Differentialund und Integralrechnung einer Veränderlichen; ebene und räumliche Kurven; Reihen; mehrdimensionale Analysis; gewöhnliche und partielle Differentialgleichungen; Vektoranalysis; Integraltransformationen; Funktionentheorie; Grundzüge der Numerik; Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung; Statistik.

Das Buch basiert auf mehr als 30jähriger Vorlesungstätigkeit an verschiedenen Hochschulen und Fakultäten.

Komplexe Zahlen eignen sich in herausragender Weise zur Algebraisierung von Problemen der ebenen Geometrie. Das Buch verbindet Algebra, Zahlentheorie und Geometrie unter Einbeziehung mathematikhistorischer Aspekte. Komplexe Zahlen erweisen sich nicht nur als geeignetes Mittel zum Lösen von Gleichungen in der Mathematik und zum Mathematisieren von Problemen aus Physik und Technik. Als Vektoren in der Ebene wie auch als Drehstreckung dienen sie ebenso der Veranschaulichung geometrischer Objekte. Dieses Buch führt in die Arithmetik komplexer Zahlen ein, und behandelt ihre Rolle sowohl beim Lösen von Gleichungen wie auch in der Geometrie der Ebene. Dabei werden ebenfalls Bezüge zur historischen Entwicklung zentraler mathematischer Resultate thematisiert. Übungsaufgaben mit Lösungen zu jedem Kapitel sowie ein Anhang zum Rechnen mit komplexen Zahlen und konformen Abbildungen in MAPLE komplettieren das Lehrbuch.

Alle wesentlichen Stoffgebiete der Mathematik werden für den Studienanfänger an Fachhochschulen und Universitäten mit Nebenfach Mathematik knapp und anschaulich dargestellt. Wichtige Bestandteile des Schulstoffs werden wiederholt und schrittweise zu einem Basiswissen in Analysis und linearer Algebra ausgebaut. Zahlreiche Beispiele und Übungsaufgaben ermöglichen dem Leser ein selbstständiges Erarbeiten der elementaren Gebiete der Mathematik sowie die Aneignung solider Rechenfertigkeiten.