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Decision support systems (dss) for better fertiliser management
This chapter reviews some of the approaches used by DSS to determine fertiliser application decisions. The chapter highlights direct methods and indirect techniques: simulation models, yield forecasts using data-driven approaches and yield forecasts based on water supply. The chapter includes two...
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The systems approach to land use sustainability (salus) model
This chapter explores SALUS (Systems Approach to Land Use Sustainability), a process-based crop model designed to simulate interactions between soil, climate, genetics and agronomic management, focusing on their effects on crop growth and yield, soil organic matter and nitrogen dynamics. SALUS ex...
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Understanding and preventing seafood loss and waste
Food loss and waste causes environmental pollution, food insecurity, health problems and substantial economic losses. Seafood products provide excellent sources of high quality proteins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, and generate large quantities of by-products not in...
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Advances and improvements in modeling plant processes
This chapter provides an overview of the advances made historically and today in modeling key plant processes with a focus on the processes associated with carbon acquisition and allocation (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, respiration, and assimilate partitioning), and the timing of plant d...
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Advances in agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles: focus on sensing applications
In the current chapter, we aim to present an overview of the advantages and limitations of UAV-RS platforms and their applications in PA. To properly review these applications, we formulated the following questions: What are the available UAV sensors for PA applications? How should one select the...
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Understanding and improving global agri-food supply chains in an interconnected world: a systems approach
Agri-food supply chains (AFSCs) are complex, interconnected networks that span the world, yet they are highly influenced by regional contexts, as the chapters from this book have illustrated. From large-scale farming in countries like the United States to small and medium-sized farmers in Latin A...
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Advances in understanding the nutritional value of starch in wheat
This chapter provides a nutritional overview of the wheat starch structure, function, digestibility of diverse wheat starches, and highlights interactions of starch and other biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and non-starch polysaccharides.
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Advances in seed science and technology for more sustainable crop production
This collection reviews the wealth of recent research on advances in seed science and technology, including key developments in seed phenotyping and seed treatments, and their role in contributing to a more sustainable agriculture.
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Improving data access for more effective decision making in agriculture
With the increased amount of data that is collected on agriculture, we live in a time where data seems to be abundant. Through farm equipment and remote sensing, comes the potential for the development of new applications that can help food production and protect against worldwide food insecurity...
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Assessing the cost of supplying water for agriculture: the food supply cost curve
As part of a ‘Regional Initiative on Water Scarcity in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) Region’, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has been proposing a practical tool for the assessment of investment projects called the Food Supply Cost Curve (FSCC). This chapter describes the c...
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Instant insights: soil carbon sequestration
This book reviews the global importance of soil carbon sequestration and the range of systems used to monitor, report and verify soil organic carbon, as well as the benefits of particular regenerative practices in enhancing carbon sequestration.
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Developing improved varieties of lentil
Lentil is a popular pulse consumed primarily in Asia. It has a protein content of approx. 28% and also contains high amounts of macro- and micro-nutrients. Lentils are cropped under rainfed conditions and on residual/conserved soil moisture, and their inclusion in rotation benefits succeeding cro...
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Understanding sheep behaviour
The most important features of the behaviour of sheep are their marked sociality and the formation of a bond between mother and young. Sheep show a strong need to stay with their flock mates and become very distressed when isolated. Under farm conditions the social environment is mainly controlle...
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Oomycete and fungal pathogens of soybean
Soybean production faces numerous biotic challenges, leading to significant yield losses each year. This chapter addresses oomycete and fungal pathogens of soybean. Case studies on the oomycete pathogens Phytophthora sojae and Pythium species as well as the true fungi Cercospora sojina, Phakopsor...
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The use of phytogenics in optimizing gut function and health in poultry
Gut function and health are pre-requisites for sustainable poultry production and product quality. Phytogenics are bioactive components of plant origin that can protect poultry from the detrimental effects of modern stressor challenges in intensive farming systems via the enhancement of gut integ...
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The nutritional and nutraceutical value of wheat
Wheat is a source of nutrients and phytochemicals with nutraceutical value. These components are unevenly distributed in the different parts of the wheat kernel, and their content in wheat varies widely depending on variety of wheat (V), genotype (G), growing environments (E), year/season (Y) and...
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Advances in microbiological assessment of the shelf life and spoilage of ready-to-eat (rte) poultry meat products
Ready-to-eat (RTE) poultry meat products can be contaminated with pathogens and spoilage microorganisms after the cooking step, contributing to food spoilage losses and increasing the risk to consumers. Antimicrobials applied to RTE meats tend to be broad-spectrum in their activities with differi...
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Creating a public policy framework to support urban agriculture
This chapter reviews the development of urban agriculture policy making. It assesses the key dilemmas, challenges and tensions involved in creating policy frameworks for urban agriculture. The chapter discusses examples of cities that have developed an urban (food and) agriculture policy: Rosario...
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How neonicotinoid insecticides affect bees and other pollinators
Neonicotinoids are particularly important in any discussion of pollinators in an agricultural context because of their use patterns, physical properties, environmental persistence, and their high toxicity to bees. This chapter discusses the wide range of research on how neonicotinoids affect both...
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Changing patterns of disease affecting pigs: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) and porcine epidemic diarrhoea (ped)
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea virus (PEDv) are two of the major viruses that affect pigs worldwide. This chapter focuses on the transmission, clinical presentation, evolution and spread of these two agents (PRRSv and PEDv), due to their...
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Developments in anaerobic digestion to optimize the use of livestock manure
The purpose of this chapter is to discuss developments in anaerobic digestion (AD) to optimize use of livestock manure, particularly the use of livestock manure in the production of biogas. It also discusses the use of biogas slurry and residues. The chapter shows the how AD can play an important...
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Identifying genes for yield-related traits under drought stress conditions in durum wheat
Abiotic stress strongly affects yield-related traits in durum wheat. In particular drought is one of the main environmental factors reducing grain yield. Hundreds of quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for yield-related traits across different genetic backgrounds and environments. ...
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Pastoralism and organic animal farming: are they complementary?
A general absence of reliance on purchased inputs as well as a focus on natural pastures and free-ranging animals prompts comparison between pastoralism and organic farming. Pastoralism frequently occurs in the marginal lands that can be found where humans and herds of domesticated animals living...
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Laying hen nutrition: optimising hen performance and health, bone and eggshell quality
Hen nutrition must address a number of different goals including maximising egg production, maintaining egg quality, extending the laying cycle and ensuring hen health and welfare. This chapter focuses on the dietary influences on eggshell quality and bone health. It looks first at the role of ph...
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Understanding how land-use management affects soil microbiomes
The soil microbiome is essential for ecosystem health, supporting functions like nutrient cycling and decomposition. However, human-induced land-use changes, such as deforestation and intensive agriculture, disrupt this delicate balance, impacting microbial diversity and functionality. These alte...
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Measuring and auditing on-farm energy use
Food systems have been divided into several categories; cropping, livestock and fisheries, food processing, packaging, trade, and households. Agricultural operations include all farming operations that occur after the land is cleared and developed, such as tillage, planting, fertilizing, pest con...
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Advances in understanding mango tree growth and canopy development
The mango tree canopy acts not only as a carbohydrate factory, through photosynthesis, and as a support for reproduction; it is also the place where vegetative growth occurs and the tree develops. The spatial and temporal proximity of vegetative and reproductive growth in the mango tree canopy le...
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Developments in activity and location technologies for monitoring cattle movement and behaviour
This chapter reviews the range of options for monitoring cattle location and activity, and highlight the application of these technologies rather than the technical aspects or algorithms behind them. Additionally, the focus will be placed on the research, development and adoption of these technol...
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Advances in surveillance and diagnostic techniques for tracking the spread of african swine fever
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important viral diseases of domestic and wild suids. Over the last 15 years, ASF has gone truly pandemic and with that, fast, reliable, but also pragmatic diagnostic approaches are needed for early detection and surveillance. In the following chapter, ...
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Adoption and spread of conservation agriculture in east asia
This chapter examines the adoption and spread of Conservation Agriculture in East Asia. Conservation Agriculture, which has been extended in East Asia for the past 15-20 years, is offering promising prospects of both enhanced yields, reduced cost and environmental services. The chapter begins by ...
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The palm oil governance complex: progress, problems and gaps
Oil palm expansion has delivered economic development in host countries, including indirect benefits for local infrastructure development and rural poverty reduction, and multiplier effects for the national economies. However, its development has often come at the cost of basic rights and of biod...
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The use of nutrigenomics in poultry breeding for sustainable production
Selection for economic phenotypic traits has significantly improved poultry productivity over the past 70 years. However, there have been a number of undesirable changes in the regulation of energy homeostasis, fat deposition (mainly in breeders), increased sensitivity to high environmental tempe...
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The origin and domestication of poultry species
The domestication of plants and animals has led to important changes in the biology and the genetic diversity of domesticated species, and at the same time setting a new way of life for humans. In this process, several species of birds have been domesticated across all continents. This chapter re...
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Crop disease control efficacy and selection for resistance: two sides of the same coin?
Fungicides are used to control plant disease, so any resistance management strategy of practical relevance needs to provide effective disease control. In general, a more intense treatment programme, with higher dosages and/or more applications will exert a higher selection pressure to the pathoge...
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Investigating the biology of rice blast disease and prospects for durable resistance
There are important biological process involved in rice blast disease that are now well-studied during the early events in plant infection which include: the cell biology of appressorium formation, the biology of invasive growth and effector secretion, the two distinct mechanisms of effector secr...
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Trends in exploring wheat and barley germplasm for novel disease resistance traits
Wheat and barley are major food crops grown for human consumption worldwide, yet the sustained production of these important cereals continues to be threatened by rapidly evolving fungal pathogens. This chapter highlights recent advancements in phenotyping, genotyping and other breeding technolog...
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Producing consistent quality meat from the modern pig
Pork producers have focussed, over many years, on producing pork efficiently and sustainably, in order to satisfy consumer demand for lean pork and remain competitive. Increases in efficiency and leanness have been achieved through genetics, targeted nutrition and the use of entire males and meta...
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Improving the effective use of nitrogen on major field crops across the globe: a new paradigm
Foundational concepts for characterization of nitrogen (N) nutrition in field crops are necessary to define true N gains in crops under different genotype-environment-management (GxExM) scenarios. A study (Ciampitti and Lemaire, 2022) emphasized the requirement to redefine N use (herein termed as...
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Trends in farm information management systems
Farm managers must make numerous decisions every day. Farm management information systems (FMIS) can assist farmers in their daily collection of data, decision-making and reporting as well as in communication with stakeholders. After defining FMIS, this chapter defines functional requirements and...
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Wheat pests: insects, mites, and prospects for the future
Wheat pests are the subject of this chapter and the previous one. There are four major taxa of wheat pests. Rodents and nematodes were discussed in the previous chapter. Insects and mites are discussed in this chapter. Case studies are presented for eight species: Hessian fly, orange wheat blosso...
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The response of forest trees to abiotic stress
Trees, as long-living organisms, have to face varying growing conditions during their lifetime. This chapter introduces abiotic stress in trees, considering its interaction with biotic stress and examining the links between environmental dynamics and changes in stress. This chapter addresses the ...
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Grain legume–cereal intercropping systems
There is currently renewed interest in intercropping in Europe in order to achieve sustainable, ecological or eco-functional intensification of agricultural production, particularly in organic farming. This chapter summarises data from over 50 field experiments undertaken since 2001 on cereal–gra...
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Advances in understanding plant root hairs in relation to nutrient acquisition and crop root function
Root hairs are found on most terrestrial flowering plant species. They form from epidermal cells at a predetermined distance behind the growing root tip in three main patterns. Their presence, pattern, length, density and function are genetically controlled and numerous genes are expressed solely...
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Food losses and waste: terminology, definitions, quantification and causes
Prevention, reduction and management of food losses and waste (FLW) have gained an increased global interest since 2011, when the first global FLW report was published by the FAO, and culminated in 2015 with the launch of SDG 12.3. Food insecurity, food systems’ sustainability, and climate change...
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Chemical composition of soils: role in soil health
Integrated nutrient management systems that use a holistic approach, using inorganic fertilizers as well as management practices aimed to increase soil organic matter, are needed to improve soil health. Management practices need to take into account differences in soil properties, climate and ava...
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Freckle disease of banana
Freckle disease on banana is becoming more prevalent and in recent years has emerged as a disease of economic importance in some parts of the world. In places where the disease occurs it is a challenge to produce high quality, unblemished banana fruit for export markets. Although freckle disease ...
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Understanding crop responses to controlled climates in greenhouses
Understanding plant responses to environmental factors is crucial in controlled environment crop production. This chapter summarizes current understanding of interactions of key aerial environmental factors affecting plant growth and their strategic applications to improve the productivity, profi...
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Developing seaweed/macroalgae as feed for pigs
Macroalgae are a promising source of nutritional ingredients including proteins, polysaccharides and minerals. The need to increase animal and feed production has increased interest in macroalgae as underutilised resources with promising applications as alternative animal feeds. This chapter summ...
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Integrated management of arthropod pests of cassava: the case of southeast asia
High-yielding varieties and improved agronomy have led to substantial increases in cassava crop productivity throughout Southeast Asia; however, in recent years, those advances are being jeopardized by recurrent outbreaks of several non-native arthropod pests and (insect-vectored) pathogens. In t...
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Key issues in transportation of broiler and layer chicks
Whilst there has been significant research on improvements to design, equipment and operation for transport of broiler chickens and end of lay laying hens, far less attention has been paid to the transportation of pullet chicks and pullets. This chapter reviews legislative requirements as well as...
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Cassava for industrial uses
Cassava serves not only as a staple food for mankind but also as an industrial crop for food and non-food applications. The roots with high starch contents are processed to dried chips and extracted pure starch. The production scale varies from household level, small and medium-sized enterprises ...
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Advances in machine vision technologies for the measurement of soil texture, structure and topography
This chapter examines advances in machine vision technologies for the measurement of soil texture, structure and topography. It starts by providing an overview of the basic principles of machine vision technologies, focusing on areas such as 3D surface modelling and various methods of soil thin s...
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Optimizing livestock manure as a biofertilizer and bioenergy source
This chapter provides an overview of the main technologies for manure valorization into bioenergy and biofertilizer products. It discusses developments in more established technologies such as solid-liquid (S/L) separation, anaerobic digestion and composting. It also reviews more innovative techn...
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The sustainability and ‘carbon footprints’ of conventional and alternative beef production systems
The beef industry faces a significant challenge in producing sufficient food to supply the requirements of the growing population, while maintaining a culture of continuous improvement and reducing environmental impacts per unit of beef produced. Since the late 1970’s, the US beef industry made s...
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The principles and processes of sorghum breeding
This chapter provides an overview of the basic principles and processes involved in the breeding of sorghum. A number of standard field operations are described, such as crossing, emasculation and harvesting, followed by a discussion of various methods of selection and topcrossing. After describi...
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Advances in analytical techniques for detecting contaminants in soils
Soil contamination, stemming from both anthropogenic and natural origins, remains a critical environmental and public health concern. This contamination spectrum is diverse, encompassing inorganic elements like heavy metal(loid)s—lead, mercury, arsenic—and organic compounds such as pesticide resi...
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Poultry feedstuff management and feed formulation utilizing big data
A feed formulation program is used to determine a compound feed that meets all of its nutritional requirements and is at the lowest possible cost (least cost). This chapter addresses current challenges facing feed formulation programs, including the need to account for sustainability issues as we...
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Advances in cultivation of almonds: effects of genotypes, environment and cultural techniques
The chapter is an overview of the recent research advances in almond scion and rootstock genotypes, orchard management, including irrigation and fertilization, emphasizing an integrated approach including the environment. The chapter looks ahead to areas for further research in almond tree eco-ph...
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Advances in the development and use of vaccines for prevention of endemic diseases in pigs
The current trend of pig/swine production towards intensive industrialised production creates a window of opportunity for pathogens to spread between and within farms. The main focus of vaccination are gilts and weaners. For gilts the challenge is to acclimatise them before entering the breeding ...
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Moko bacterial wilt of banana
This chapter discusses Moko bacterial wilt, the most serious bacterial disease affecting bananas and plantains. It starts by describing the main external and internal symptoms of the disease. The chapter then reviews advances in understanding the taxonomy and classification of disease-causing str...
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Advances and challenges in sustainable raspberry/blackberry cultivation
Rubus crops are important for human health and for employment in rural communities. As demand for these berry crops increases at a time of changing climate and consumer awareness of real and/or perceived risks associated with traditional growing practices including inputs, new breeding strategies...
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Identifying and managing plant health risks for key african crops: cassava
The long history of cassava as a hardy crop, relatively free from diseases and pests’ attacks, ended in the 1970s when the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti and the cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa invaded Africa and devastated the crop to the point of wiping it out as was the case w...
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The use of internet of things (iot) to improve transparency in agri-food supply chains
Global food production needs to increase by approximately 70% by 2050 to ensure food security and feed the global population which is expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050. To achieve these objectives in a sustainable manner, there is a need for modernisation and intensification of agricultural p...
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Transportation and the welfare of poultry
A variety of factors before and during transport of poultry affect their welfare, with impacts ranging from slight discomfort to death. This chapter begins by considering the pre-loading factors which can eventually affect the birds’ welfare during transportation, and then reviews the physiologic...
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Achieving sustainable production of pig meat volume 1
Pig meat is the most widely-consumed meat in the world. This volume addresses some of the key challenges facing pig farming such as the continuing threat from zoonoses, ways of maintaining and improving meat quality as well as making pig production more sustainable.
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Optimizing the microbial shelf-life of fresh beef
Beef spoilage is primarily caused by bacteria, and maximizing shelf-life is dependent on a multiple hurdle approach to generate conditions that inhibit microbial growth. This chapter begins by reviewing the factors that affect beef spoilage and microbial shelf-life, and the bacteria and processes...
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Assessing emotions in pigs: determining negative and positive mental states
This chapter reviews assessing emotions in pigs, specifically focusing on the ways of determining negative and positive mental states. It begins by examining behavioural indicators of emotion such as behavioural tests, qualitative behaviour assessment, vocalisations, play behaviour, defence casca...
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Assessing poultry semen quality
This overview briefly examines some of the semen evaluation techniques and fertility determination procedures used currently on breeder farms. The later procedures were included as both provide rapid feedback on flock fertility, the best indicator of semen quality. To better understand both the r...
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Factors affecting sheep carcass characteristics
This chapter describes the characteristics of a sheep’s carcass and explains the principles of carcass composition (the weight or proportion of muscle, fat and bone in the carcass). Understanding carcass characteristics and finding techniques for altering the characteristics are important for max...
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Animal and on-farm factors affecting sheep and lamb meat quality
Ensuring meat quality is key returning value from sheep production around the world. Meat quality attributes inform customers’ purchasing decisions and define the eating experience of the consumer. Meat quality incorporates appearance traits such as the meat or fat colour and palatability charact...
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Tree planting and management in agroforestry
Agroforestry seeks to increase the productivity of the farm and help create resilient landscapes. The pattern of tree planting and tree management play an important part in the sustainability of an agroforestry system, as they determine the intensity of competition between trees and crop and the ...
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Developments in surface irrigation techniques
Surface irrigation has long been an important tool for farmers. This chapter will review the development of surface irrigation techniques. Section 2 provides a brief historical overview, and then Sections 3 and 4 consider the development of furrow, basin and border irrigation in detail. Sections ...
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Tracking the development of fungicide resistance
This chapter focuses on tracking the development of fungicide resistance. It starts by first providing an overview of the key objectives and requirements in tracking fungicide resistance. The chapter then moves on to review phenotyping tracking of fungicide resistance, which is followed by a disc...
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Understanding states of suffering with implications for improved management of poultry
The causes of the main states of suffering experienced by poultry species, namely fear, frustration and pain, are listed and the behavioural symptoms are described. Birds can be frightened by stimuli that are (1) sudden and intense, (2) novel, and (3) signalling special evolutionary dangers. The ...
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Advances in cooling technologies to preserve horticultural produce
Fruit and vegetables are living organisms that continue to respire after harvest, deteriorating over time, in a process known as senescence. Although it is impossible to halt senescence, removing the field-heat, and reducing the temperature of the product at the time of harvest, has substantial e...
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Developments in growing substrates for soilless cultivation
Growing substrates are used to provide physical support, as reservoir for water and nutrients, for providing air space for free gas exchange, and also for providing a habitat for beneficial microorganisms. Peat- and coir-based substrates and rockwool are the most commonly used substrates in moder...
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Amino acids in dairy nutrition: enhancing milk protein synthesis and beyond
This chapter reviews the use of amino acids in dairy nutrition, focusing specifically on enhancing milk protein synthesis and beyond. It begins by some general background to amino acids and dairy nutrition, then goes on to discuss the reduction of dietary crude protein in dairy cow diets. It revi...
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The agricultural land management alternative with numerical assessment criteria (almanac) model
Process based simulation model combining an easily parameterized plant model with readily available soils data and weather data, are valuable tools for a wide variety of management, environmental, and climate change scenarios. The Agricultural Land Management Alternative with Numerical Assessment...
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Instant insights: crop biofortification
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on crop biofortification in agriculture.
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Institutional and policy support for conservation agriculture uptake
Conservation Agriculture (CA) has been adopted by farmers in at least 78 countries around the world in response to land degradation from intensive tillage and monoculture production systems. Since pioneer farmers started the CA development journey five decades ago it has been refined into a susta...
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Managing sustainable food safety on dairy farms
Within the dairy food chain, the production of milk is the first phase in a series of steps resulting in dairy food products ready to be consumed. At farm level, it is critical to ensure that good management practices minimize the risk of contamination in order to reach a level of risk acceptable...
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Adoption and spread of conservation agriculture in north africa
This chapter examines the adoption and spread of Conservation Agriculture in North Africa. The chapter begins by providing an overview of the geography, soil, climate and farming environment in North Africa before moving on to discuss the importance of agriculture and food security in the North A...
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Advances in understanding parasite infections of poultry: protozoa and the red mite
This chapter reviews research on understanding and controlling three of the most widespread and economically-relevant parasites of poultry and the infections they cause: Eimeria species (coccidiosis), Histomonas meleagridis (histomonosis) and Dermanyssus gallinae (the poultry red mite (PRM)). In ...
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Nutritional strategies to improve nitrogen efficiency and milk protein synthesis in dairy cows
Dairy production is associated with significant losses of nitrogen to the environment, contributing to the degradation of air and water systems. These losses must be decreased to make dairy farming sustainable, and a primary means of doing this is to increase the conversion of feed protein into m...
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Managing hedgerows to optimise ecosystem services in agroforestry systems
Hedgerows are composed of trees and/or shrubs and serve as natural fences, often between pastures and arable fields. This chapter discusses the importance of hedgerow management and maintenance to enhance multiple ecosystem services such as biomass production, wind and water protection, habitat p...
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Integrated management of nematodes of coffee
This chapter reviews the main soil-based nematodes affecting coffee plants. In each case, the chapter discusses pest distribution and range, symptoms and damage caused, diagnosis, life cycle and control measures. These include preventative measures to limit movement of infected material, use of r...
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Advances in pest- and disease-resistant cocoa varieties
Plant-parasitic nematodes cause cocoa yield losses, a sudden death of trees and retardation of seedling growth in nurseries. This chapter explains the hidden nature and the masking effects of these nematodes and how these have led to erroneous control measures. The chapter describes the nematode ...
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Sustainable plum and apricot cultivation
Sustainable fruit cultivation may depend on the combination of a number of factors; these include optimal growing conditions, correct selection of cultivars and rootstocks, and application of modern crop-cultivation techniques. Sustainability also implies promotion of biodiversity, improvement of...
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Assessing milk quality from organic production
This chapter explores the concept of quality in organic milk. Quality encompasses many extrinsic properties of dairy production like animal welfare, the impact on biodiversity, climate change, and fair treatment of everybody along the supply chain. This chapter focuses on composition of the milk ...
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Understanding and improving immune function in sheep
The prevention and control of infectious diseases of sheep can be achieved in a number of ways, including disease screening programmes, implementation of biosecurity measures, chemotherapeutics and vaccination. This chapter describes common diseases of sheep and some commonly used vaccines, and e...
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Controlling black leaf streak disease (blsd) in banana: the case of costa rica
The main foliar disease in bananas is black leaf streak disease (BLSD), also known as black Sigatoka, which is caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis. Since most commercial banana varieties are susceptible to BLSD, the disease can only be controlled in the wet tropics, with frequent fung...
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Measuring wheat quality
Wheat quality depends on the genetic make-up of a particular wheat sample. The environment in which it is grown then influences this quality potential. This chapter describes the effects of protein and starch on wheat quality, and the way these components give rise to wheat properties considered...
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Finding causal variants for monogenic traits in dairy cattle breeding
Many of the most striking traits we recognise in cattle are caused by one or a small number of large effect mutations. These include breed-defining characteristics such as coat colours and patterns, hair length, and horn status. Many deleterious effects in cattle can also be attributed to single ...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of oil palm volume 2
The second in this two-volume sequence discusses advances in understanding and managing pests and diseases. It also reviews ways of assessing its nutritional qualities as well as in measuring and minimising its environment impact.
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Instant insights: developing a circular economy
This book provides a detailed overview of how a circular economy can be developed and achieved in agriculture. Chapters consider the importance of closing nutrient loops and the recirculation of materials in both protected and urban environments.
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Biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical forests: recent findings and implications for sustainable forest management (sfm)
Tropical forests are some of the biologically richest areas on Earth. The biodiversity in tropical forests, specifically species and functional groups and the ecological processes resulting from species behaviors and interactions provide important ecosystem services. These ecosystem services are...
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Managing laying hen flocks with intact beaks
Worldwide, the majority of laying hens are beak trimmed to prevent injurious pecking. However, a ban on beak treatments has come into force in some countries, while others are discussing instituting such a ban. European legislation also prohibits beak treatment of organic flocks. When beak trimmi...
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Banana bunchy top virus
This chapter reviews current knowledge on banana bunchy top disease, the most important virus disease of banana, worldwide. It provides an overview of the historical aspects of the disease and the early studies, outlines the symptoms of the disease and biological characteristics of the pathogen r...
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Biodiversity as a prerequisite of sustainable organic farming
Over the last century, the intensification of agriculture with high inputs of synthetic pesticides and fertilisers combined with monocrop specialisation has been detrimental to the diversity of genetic resources of crop varieties and livestock breeds, to the wild flora and fauna species and to th...
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Bacterial diseases affecting potatoes
Bacterial pathogens continue to pose a significant threat to potato production through in-field yield losses, storage rots and reduced marketability. Ralstonia solanacearum alone is estimated to cause US$1 billion losses worldwide. In this chapter we review current knowledge on principal bacteria...
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