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On-farm strategies for preventing pig diseases: improving biosecurity
Pigs are susceptible to a wide range of diseases that can affect health, welfare and productivity. The implementation of biosecurity measures along the production chain is one of the major solutions to minimize the risk of introduction of diseases into a farm (external biosecurity), as well as th...
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Approaches to ethics
This chapter describes the field of ethics and surveys the three main schools of thought in contemporary ethics: utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics. The main tenets of each theory are explained, with particular attention paid to how they might be applied to issues in agricultural and e...
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Weed management in conservation agriculture-based production of annual crops
This chapter reviews the benefits and use of cover crops in no-till (NT) cultivation systems such as Conservation Agriculture (CA) in order to control undesirable plants (‘weeds’) in different annual crop production systems, whilst minimizing the use of herbicides. It begins by situating use of c...
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Advances in assembling grna/cas9 constructs in genome editing of plants
This chapter reviews the principles of CRISPR cloning in binary vectors and the different methods and elements employed, including the nucleases alternative to Cas9. It pays special attention to modular cloning strategies and multiplexing tools as well as the engineering of expanded Cas activitie...
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Adoption of conservation agriculture in central asia
Up to date, scientific and practical experience of adopting CA systems and practices in Central Asia has been limited compared to other regions of the world. There is limited reliable data on CA adoption and spread and the uptake process except for Kazakhstan. The purpose of this chapter is to co...
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Prerequisites, procedures and potential of hybrid breeding in wheat
Hybrid wheat breeding offers great potential to deal with increasing demands for food and feed of future generations. Wheat hybrids possess substantial heterosis for grain yield and can combine disease resistance and quality traits with higher grain yield compared to line cultivars. Moreover, hyb...
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Modeling climate change impact on low-input smallholder farming systems
Smallholder farming systems face many adversities including poor soil fertility, poor access to inputs, and high dependence on climate variability. On top of that, ongoing climate change is expected to exacerbate the effect of abiotic and abiotic stresses on farm performances, and poses additiona...
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Role of the rumen microbiome in pasture-fed ruminant production systems
Global society is dependent on ruminant livestock to convert human indigestible plant matter into high quality dairy and meat food sources. This reliance on ruminants is a product of the symbiotic relationship between the ruminant and the rumen microbiome, which allows nutrition to be gained from...
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Nutritional properties and biological activity of lactose and other dairy carbohydrates
Lactose is the main carbohydrate in the milk of dairy animals; it is also the only dairy carbohydrate that is digested in the human small intestine. While lactose is digested by all human infants, it is conditionally digestible in human adults and its nutritional properties depend on the genetic ...
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Advances in remote/aerial sensing of crop water status
This chapter examines advances in remote and aerial sensing of crop water status. The chapter first discusses the quantification of plant water status and the various methods used to assess plant water stress. It then moves on to examine the use of electromagnetic radiation and how it can interac...
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Geophysical methods to assess soil characteristics
This chapter explores the use of geophysical methods to assess soil physical characteristics. The chapter begins by reviewing the geophysical properties of soil, such as clay content and organic matter content. It then moves on to discuss the electromagnetic induction method and its application,...
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Instant insights: improving crop weed management
This specially curated collection features five reviews of current and key research on improving crop weed management.
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Integrated pest management (ipm) of nematodes
Limited and fragmented information is available about long-term research efforts that demonstrate the value and impact of integrated pest management to combat nematodes. This particularly applies to major cereal (maize, wheat and rice) and leguminous (peanut, soybean and sunflower) crops on which...
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Characterizing soil nitrogen availability to improve nitrogen fertilizer recommendations
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the most common field production inputs in agriculture. It is necessary to achieve high productivity but threatens ecosystem integrity as it is readily transported to water bodies and emitted to the atmosphere. This chapter reviews a series of studies conducted b...
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Crop simulation model inter-comparison and improvement
Crop modeling is an integrated discipline of agricultural sciences that contributes to agricultural research, including the areas of agronomic management, precision agriculture, environmental impacts and externalities, input efficiency, managing climate variability and seasonal forecasting, breed...
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Integrating tree crops and livestock in silvopastoral systems
This chapter discusses the integration of livestock (or forage) production with tree crops, particularly fruit trees and vines. After reviewing the current extent of fruit tree-based agroforestry systems, the chapter highlights the opportunities this integration offers in increasing overall land ...
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Improving the environmental performance of pig and poultry production
Currently, pork and chicken account for nearly three-fourths of global meat consumption. With increasing concern for the environmental impacts associated with human activity, and due to the magnitude of the pork and poultry sectors, there is mounting pressure to meet the growing demand for these ...
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Genome-wide association studies (gwas) in barley
In recent years, the limiting factors for Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) in barley have shifted from the number of markers to the number of individuals, and to the deepness of phenotyping, particularly in field experiments of required size. Recent advances in methodology provide an increa...
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Energy-smart pig farming
Pig farming plays an important role in providing protein-rich food for consumers worldwide. Consumers increasingly are demanding food with diminishing negative impacts on the environment which encourages pig farmers to adopt renewable energy and more energy-efficient systems to reduce fossil fue...
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Advances in bioprotectants for plant disease control in horticulture
Microbial bioprotectants and natural substances have been increasingly available and implemented for disease management in horticultural crops. This chapter presents the status of registered products and their current insufficiency to fulfill farmers’ needs for disease control solutions. It hig...
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Genome sequencing and the rumen microbiome
Microbial genome sequencing has had an enormous impact on our understanding of many biological systems, including the identity, relationships and functions of the resident microbes of the rumen. The availability of genomic information has enhanced our understanding of metabolic activities these m...
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Understanding the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of sorghum
Sorghum is a globally grown cereal. Many sorghum varieties contain high levels of polyphenolic compounds with potential health benefits. With a growing interest in using diet as a preventative measure against chronic diseases, the benefits of sorghum need to be examined. This chapter discusses cu...
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Soil texture and structure: role in soil health
Soil texture is a major parameter in quantifying basic soil properties. Healthy soils are well aggregated and provide a continuous pore system with high surface accessibility. They are well aerated, contain sufficient plant available water and provide a reliable filter and buffer capacity. This c...
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Assessing the effects of using animal manure on soil health
This chapter reviews the impacts associated with the application of livestock and poultry manure on the ability of soil to deliver a range of ecosystem services that sustain plants, animals, people and the environment in which they live.
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Improving data management and decision support systems in agriculture
Part 1 reviews general issues underpinning effective decision support systems (DSS) such as data access, standards, tagging and security. Part 2 contains case studies of the practical application of DSS in areas such as crop planting and nutrition, livestock feed and pasture management as well as...
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Nutrient cycling in soils
Sustainable agricultural systems must enable profitable production of sufficient high-quality crops to meet human demands while simultaneously minimising off-site impacts. Though simple chemical equilibrium plays a part, nutrient cycling processes in soil are largely the outcome of biochemical pr...
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Emerging technologies to develop new forest products
Forest trees occupy a central place among lignocellulosic plants, in terms of both abundance of wood they produce each year and also generating a variety of other biological tissues. This chapter focusses on new processes and new applications of wood polymers, notably uses of lignins. The chapter...
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Understanding and preventing tail biting in pigs
Tail biting is a behavioural problem of pigs which is associated with welfare detriment for both the perpetrator and victim. It is seen to some extent on most farms worldwide and causes considerable economic loss, leading to widespread adoption of tail docking for risk reduction. Its occurrence ...
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Developing tomato varieties with improved flavour
Tomato fruit quality is a complex trait involving a number of components, including appearance, flavour, aroma and texture. There is a large range of genetic diversity in tomato for fruit quality components. Although a few major mutations may have a huge effect on fruit quality (notably the rin m...
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Defining sustainable forest management (sfm) in the tropics
This chapter discusses definitions of SFM to promote clarity about the avoidable and unavoidable tradeoffs associated with SFM. The chapter reviews about spatial scales for SFM and for the expansion of the scale at which sustainability is considered from stands up to forested landscapes. We revie...
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Genetics and genomics of egg production traits in poultry species
The consumption of poultry eggs has been increasing globally. Increases in production and efficiency while considering both animal and human welfare are needed in order to meet this demand. The underlying genetic components that influence these traits are still largely unknown, though multiple st...
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Improving wheat cultivation in asia
It has been estimated that wheat production in South Asia needs to grow at the rate of 2-2.5% annually until the middle of 21st century to feed its population. This chapter reviews some of the key issues which must be addressed in order to improve wheat cultivation in Asia. We begin by considerin...
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The use of agricultural robots in weed management and control
Weed management and control are essential for the production of high-yielding and high-quality crops, and advances in weed control technology have had a huge impact on agricultural productivity. Any effective weed control technology needs to be both robust and adaptable. Robust weed control techn...
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Intellectual property rights in agriculture: ethical issues
The expansion of intellectual property rights, particularly utility patents, in United States (US) agriculture over the past 50 years is grounded in two social phenomena. The first is the development and application of agricultural biotechnologies. The second is the development of the knowledge e...
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Using genetic selection in the breeding of dairy cattle
There has been a huge increase in the productivity of dairy cows over the last half a century, with the yield per cow more than doubling. This is substantially due to the use of genetic selection in dairy cattle breeding programmes. In this chapter, we review the use of artificial insemination (A...
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Pasture systems for pigs
The inclusion of pastures in outdoor pig systems contributes significantly to improving the sustainability of these farming systems. This chapter examines the characteristics of pasture pig systems, including forages and pasture management as well the effects of pasture on meat quality. The chapt...
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Soil management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems
Conservation Agriculture (CA) is known to deliver ecosystem services, maintain the soil potential productivity and improve the resource-use efficiency as well as the natural resources. It adapts to and mitigates climate change and leads to a more efficient use of inputs hence reducing production ...
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Instant insights: improving biosecurity in livestock production
This collection highlights the need for improved biosecurity in livestock production as a result of increased disease risk, focussing primarily on pig, poultry and beef cattle production. Chapters review the emergence and re-emergence of key pathogens and the role of effective biosecurity measure...
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Organic production of wheat and spelt
Wheat plays a major role in organic agriculture around the globe. This chapter reviews the current state of organic cultivation of wheat and of its close relative, spelt, with a focus on crop diversification, through rotational design, use of species mixtures containing wheat, and diversification...
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Monitoring fruit quality and quantity in mangoes
This chapter explores quality of mango from the perspectives of the grower, the packer, the retailer and the consumer. The chapter examines specifications for fruit at harvest maturity and at commercial maturity (eating stage), as well as technologies for monitoring relevant attributes, including...
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Improving water management in sorghum cultivation
Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is a drought tolerant crop that has been grown across the American Great Plains since the early twentieth century, primarily as a feed crop. Sorghum’s deep, fibrous root system provides greater root volume and therefore potential access to a greater soi...
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Organic pig farming: key characteristics, opportunities, advantages and challenges
Organic pig production strives to provide housing and management conditions that guarantee a high level of animal health and welfare, sustainability, a closed soil–plant–animal cycle and produce high-quality products. This chapter discusses how housing of organic pigs affects welfare and the envi...
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Advances in the drought and heat resistance of soybean
Drought combined with heat is the major abiotic stress that threatens crop production. Climate changes are anticipated to intensify the occurrence of irregular precipitation patterns worldwide, which will further negatively affect crop production and food security. The success of soybean improvem...
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Developing effective welfare measures for cattle
This chapter focuses on the performance characteristics a welfare measure should possess in order to be considered valid for the assessment of animal welfare. It presents a choice of validation measures that can be used to assess the welfare of cattle and discusses ways they can be collected in p...
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Improving biosecurity in poultry flocks
The last few decades have seen the emergence and re-emergence of several infectious pathogens of importance in poultry. Large production sites have benefitted from biosecurity measures to minimize the impact of these pathogens. Efforts have focused on reducing sources of contamination through cle...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of grain legumes volume 1
Grain legumes are widely seen as a key food security crop in the developing world. This major two-collection reviews the wealth of recent research on improving cultivation of this major crop. This first volume ranges from plant physiology and breeding through to better cultivation techniques.
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Pest management for urban agriculture
Agriculture in urban contexts largely differs from “conventional” and industrial agriculture. Pest management strategies must address a plethora of peculiar factors, such as: proximity to citizens living environments, microclimate and environmental conditions, plot and field size, multiplicity of...
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Genetics and genomics of meat quality traits in poultry species
Beyond meat yield, technological quality has become a key factor of competitiveness while sensory, nutritional and image qualities have to be preserved in order to maintain the development of poultry production. However, the large usage of poultry meat for cutting and processing has revealed that...
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Integrated weed management in sugarcane cultivation
Weeds reduce sugarcane yield by competing for water, nutrients and light. They may also act as alternative hosts for disease and insect pests and increase production costs and lower land value. Implementation of integrated weed management (IWM) in sugarcane is essential to reduce the negative imp...
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Regulation of calcium metabolism in laying hens
In laying hens, calcium (Ca) is of great importance in the eggshell, which requires for synthesis the deposition of about 2.2 g of Ca in the form of Ca carbonate (CaCO3). As egg production will be repeated daily over a long period (50 to 80 weeks), the hen finally exports huge amounts of body Ca ...
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Modeling the impact of climate change on agriculture in the united states
We divide our chapter into three major sections: 1) an overview of the recent past and predicted near future changes in climate at the national and regional scale in the U.S., and the impacts of this on crop-based agriculture, in particular the direct effect on soil, water, and major cash crops; ...
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Amenity and recreation values of tropical forests: an ecosystem services perspective
This chapter discusses the role of ecosystem services (ESS) in enhancing recreational and amenity services of tropical forests. It outlines the relationship between forests, recreation and tourism, including the concepts and issues involved in policy making. This chapter discusses the challenges ...
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Optimising pig welfare during transport, lairage and slaughter
Preslaughter practices, such as transport, handling and slaughter, can affect the welfare of pigs, and carcass and meat quality both individually and additively. Poor transport conditions and handling may result in loss of profits due to animal losses, carcass downgrading and meat quality defects...
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Molecular identification of major morphological mutations in poultry
Morphological variation provides examples of phenotypes which mode of inheritance was characterized by Mendelian genetics since many years. This chapter describes seventeen phenotypes affecting skeleton, skin appendages, feather distribution, growth rate or structure, for which the underlying gen...
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Enhancing naturalness and human care in organic animal farming
Organic farming aims to produce food in a way that respects the environment, the people and the animals involved. These aims are covered by the principles of Health, Ecology, Fairness and Care. Naturalness and human care are integral components of welfare for farm animals that are managed under o...
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Quality defects associated with poultry muscle development: white striping
White striping (WS) is characterized by the appearance of white lines parallel to the direction of muscle fibers on the surface of chicken breast meat. Over the past twenty years WS has become a significant concern in the poultry industry. WS not only alters technological properties of affected m...
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Welfare issues affecting broiler breeders
The demand for broiler meat has been growing for decades, and broiler meat represents the major animal protein source in many countries around the world. To meet the demand for cheap and increasing amounts of broiler meat, a consistent selection for fast growth is employed in the broiler industry...
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Gender dimensions of agricultural ethics
Agriculture is one of the oldest and most transformative of human activities, performed in social contexts. Due to the complexity of social structures, the lived experiences of farmers are deeply influenced by gendered conventions. The world is dependent on women’s work but there is a legacy of t...
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The use of genome editing in poultry breeding
Genome editing technology permits the creation of precise changes to the genome of animal species. These changes can be as small as a single base pair change in a gene or can span several megabases of DNA. Genome editing has a potential role in animal breeding as it permits the rapid and selectiv...
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Diseases affecting barley: net blotches
This chapter reviews the current knowledge of spot form and net form of net blotch of barley with an emphasis on recent genetic studies and their contribution to our understanding of the range of host-pathogen genetic interactions. Principal differences between the two forms of the disease are ex...
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Beef colour development and variation
Meat colour is a very important visual sensory attribute that influences purchasing decisions. Post-mortem muscle is biochemically active and any deviation from the ultimate post-mortem muscle pH can influence meat colour. More specifically, changes in pH can affect the key determinants of meat c...
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Advances in risk assessment of contaminated agricultural soils
Contaminants associated with agriculture is a major concern for environmental health, food safety, and sustainable farming. The contamination, stemming from diverse sources like industrial pollution, use of biosolids, secondary treated water, waste mismanagement, overuse of agrochemicals, and acc...
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Crop modelling to support sustainable sugarcane cultivation
The chapter describes the use of crop simulation models to support research and management of sustainable cultivation of sugarcane. It supplies case studies of strategic applications, including benchmarking of crop productivity and resource use and assessing environmental impacts of current opera...
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The english grain aphid sitobion avenae
The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), is an economically important insect pest on cereal crops worldwide. Damage by this aphid can be destructive for cereal crops due to its ability to transmit yellow dwarf viruses, and its control often relies on routine application of synthetic ...
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Developments in on-animal sensors for monitoring livestock
This chapter introduces the concept and history of development of on-animal sensors. It explores the different components that make up these systems and the various challenges and limitations that are faced by developers seeking to operationalize these on commercial livestock farms. The specific ...
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Assessing the economic value of agricultural biodiversity: a critical perspective
This chapter reviews developments in methods to assess the economic value of agricultural biodiversity, outlines their limitations and proposes a possible, novel way forward. The chapter discusses the different definitions of agrobiodiversity. It then highlights ways of evaluating agrobiodiversit...
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Instant insights: dietary supplements in poultry nutrition
This collection features five peer-reviewed reviews on dietary supplements in poultry nutrition.
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“one health” issues affecting small ruminant production
"One Health" issues affecting small ruminant production are important in both commercial businesses and smallholder farming communities throughout the world. Human food production from small ruminants needs to be integrated with food production from other livestock and from vegetable and cereal c...
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The evolution of trait selection in breeding: from seeing to remote sensing
As the global population moves towards 10 billion people, record high temperatures are being set on an annual basis, while agricultural soils and water resources are experiencing serious attrition. Clearly the challenge of food security is ever more urgent. Increasing genetic gains of staple food...
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Detecting antibiotic residues in animal feed: the case of distiller’s grains
The purpose of this chapter is to review the methods for detection of antibiotic residues in animal feed, using the example of distillers’ grains. There is a growing concern about the use of antibiotics in the process of which distillers’ grains are a co-product. Antibiotic residues in distillers...
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Nutritional considerations for soybean meal use in poultry diets
The poultry feed industry uses about 50% of the soybean meal (SBM) produced in the United States each year. The meal is valuable to the animal feed industry because it is an excellent source of amino acids that would otherwise be lost to the human food chain after the oil has been removed from t...
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Advances in disease-resistant varieties of soybean
Soybean yields worldwide are reduced by a variety of diseases. Advances in breeding techniques have facilitated the development of soybean cultivars with broader and more durable resistance, but continued reliance on a small number of major resistance genes remains a concern. Introgression of res...
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Advances in measuring mechanical properties of soil in relation to soil health
Although mechanical properties of soil are fast and easy to measure, they have not been used as indicators of soil health apart from cone penetration resistance. The confined compression test is traditionally used for the prediction of soil compaction risks. Other mechanical tests such as soil rh...
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Dairy cattle welfare and health: an intimate partnership
This chapter discusses the intimate partnership between dairy cattle welfare and health. It begins by examining the welfare implications of common dairy cow diseases such as lameness, mastitis, metritis, acidosis, ketosis and other production-related diseases. It also addresses the impact of subc...
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Dynamics of water storage and retention in soil
Water storage and retention is one of the most important ecological and agricultural properties of soil, since soil is the main water source for most plants. The present chapter discusses different ways of defining, measuring and modelling soil water retention capability, which varies according t...
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The use of growth promoters in pig nutrition
This chapter will describe the use of growth promoters in pigs, specifically growth hormone (GH) and beta-adrenergic agonist (BA), with the latter focussing on ractopamine. After introducing each growth promoter, their individual effects on growth and feed efficiency will be described, followed b...
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Plant biostimulants and their influence on nutrient use efficiency (nue)
This chapter reviews evidence for effects of biostimulants on both agronomic nutrient use efficiency and internal nutrient use efficiency. Many biostimulants improve the agronomic nutrient use efficiency (AE) by enhancing root growth and soil exploration, increasing solubilization of soil nutrien...
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Towards sustainable management of nematodes in banana
Plant-parasitic nematodes present a major constraint to production of bananas and plantains world-wide. Early efforts in management in the mid-twentieth century relied on applications of fumigant nematicides followed by non-fumigant organophosphates and carbamate compounds. The development of int...
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Weed management in perennial conservation agriculture systems: optimising use of groundcover
This chapter reviews ways of optimising use of ground cover in perennial cultivation for weed control. It reviews the multiple roles of ground cover in perennial systems and ways of selecting between different types of ground cover (non-selected or select spontaneous plants; sown grass, legume or...
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Advances and challenges in cherry breeding
Cherry breeding is currently carried out in many countries, by public and private programmes, and sweet cherry cultivars are continuously being released. However, classification into clear-cut groups of existing cultivars is difficult, because there is a vast continuum of morphological diversity ...
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Managing dry cow udder health
The dry period lays a foundation for a successful next lactation, especially from the udder health perspective. It is a high-risk period for acquiring new intramammary infections (IMI), but it also provides an excellent opportunity for eliminating existing subclinical infections. The way cows are...
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Modeling soil organic carbon dynamics, carbon sequestration and the climate benefit of sequestration
Mathematical models are essential for integrating different processes that control rates of soil carbon dynamics and for assessing carbon sequestration and the related climate benefits. Many models have been proposed in the literature, with no overall consensus on the best model that can provide ...
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Diseases affecting barley: scald
Scald (leaf blotch), caused by the hemibiotrophic pathogen Rhynchosporium commune, is one of the major diseases of barley worldwide. Typical disease symptoms consist of necrotic areas on the leaf blades. Yield losses are manifested as reduced kernel quality, size and number per ear. This chapter ...
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Advances in automated in-field grading of harvested crops
Mechanical harvesting machines such as canopy and trunk shakers are widely used for yield collection from some crops; however, most fruits and vegetables produced for the fresh market have to be collected manually. This chapter reviews the current state of mechanized collection technology, such a...
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Drying, handling, storing and quality monitoring of pulses
Pulses are an affordable, vegetarian source of protein. They are low in fat, high in carbohydrates and a rich source of micronutrients, amino acids and vitamins. This chapter discusses on how drying, storing and handling of pulses can adversely affect their quality. It reviews how pulse quality i...
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Techniques for understanding and modifying microbial activity in the phytobiome to suppress disease/promote plant disease resistance
This chapter provides an overview of techniques for understanding and modifying phytobiome microbial activity toward plant disease control. It reviews traditional and advanced techniques for analyzing microbial communities, including molecular, culture-based and microscopic approaches, and it exp...
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Improving rumen function
Part 1 summarises advances in analysing the rumen microbiome. Part 2 reviews recent research on different types of rumen microbiota. Part 3 discusses the way the rumen processes nutrients whilst Part 4 explores nutritional strategies to optimise rumen function.
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Potassium in crop physiology
Potassium is an essential plant nutrient. This chapter describes the physiological roles of potassium: in activating enzymes, as a cellular osmoticum, and as a counter cation for anion accumulation and electrogenic transport processes. The chapter then describes the molecular biology of potassium...
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Developments in housing of cattle to promote health and welfare
While housing systems have served to provide shelter and protection from predation, they have also been associated with negative effects on cow health and welfare. Efforts in the dairy sector have had significant impact on transition cow housing, feeding and resting behaviors, and protection from...
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Advances in molecular breeding techniques for barley: genome-wide association studies (gwas)
Barley breeders cross complementary parents for desirable characters and use suitable screening systems to select superior recombinant lines. The advent of molecular markers, especially high throughput genome-wide systems, means that selection for characters, e.g. quality can be conducted indirec...
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Valuing plant genetic resources in genebanks: past, present and future
Though the intrinsic value to society of plant genetic resources conserved in genebanks may be recognized, assigning a cardinal value to them remains elusive. This chapter summarises the main messages from applied economics literature on genebank values that began in the late 1990s, a recent set ...
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Instant insights: heat stress in dairy cattle
This specially curated collection features four reviews of current and key research on heat stress in dairy cattle.
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Instant insights: managing arthropod pests in cereals
This collection provides a detailed overview of the management strategies available for controlling arthropod pests in cereals, focussing primarily on pests affecting wheat and corn/maize production. Chapters explore the use of insect monitoring technologies as a means of managing future infestat...
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Improving water management in winter wheat
Globally, winter wheat is mainly grown in Eurasia, China, Iran and the United States. Some areas have high precipitation, while other areas require irrigation for high yield in winter wheat. Nevertheless, drought stress can significantly reduce winter wheat yields, even in high precipitation envi...
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Integrated weed management for sustainable agriculture
Weeds remain a major obstacle to improved yields in agriculture. At the same time, established methods of control are being undermined by problems such as herbicide resistance. This major collection reviews key developments in integrated weed management (IWM) to manage weeds more sustainably.
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Mapping the sheep genome
The exploration of genomic variation is central to advances in animal genetic studies. Furthermore, the ability to access and analyse differences among animal genomes is an essential prerequisite to understanding the manifestation of disease, variation in production traits, demographic history an...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of oil palm volume 1
Palm oil is widely used for food processing, personal care products and as a biofuel. The cultivation of oil palm has raised concerns about sustainability. The first volume in this collection reviews research addressing these challenges in areas such as breeding and cultivation techniques.
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Beef carcass inspection systems
This chapter provides an overview of the purposes and importance of meat inspection programmes in addressing hazards to both human and animal health. Subsequent sections cover the design, implementation and results of ante- and post-mortem inspection, and provide a review of some important proced...
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Agriculture and the environment: ethical issues
Everyone involved in agriculture has a responsibility for ensuring that they are aware of the ethical dimensions of their practices and act accordingly. In this manner, the impacts that agriculture have on the environment deserve critical ethical attention. The emergence of sustainability as a vi...
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Mastitis, milk quality and yield
Mastitis is one of the most economically important diseases in dairy production and it is defined as an inflammation of the mammary gland. This chapter examines the impact of clinical and subclinical mastitis in cows on milk quality, and provides a detailed account of indicators of mastitis. In a...
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