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Organic dairy farming as part of sustainable ecological and social food systems
There have been great advances in many aspects of organic dairy farming, which has become increasingly efficient and productive with a strong market. However, in some cases this has occurred through increasing specialization and scale of production, which risks the sector not being able to fully ...
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Advances in optimising nitrogen-use efficiency in crop production
Globally, the quantity of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to crops is growing rapidly as it replaces the shrinking contribution of soil organic N and meets the demand by higher-yielding crops. On average, crops recover close to half the applied N, so its inefficient management is an increasing pr...
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Bioactive compounds and evaluation of biostimulant activity
The regulations concerning the placement of biostimulants on the market are still widely varying across countries and regions, even though both efficacy claims and composition declarations are primarily addressed. The definition of pre-market approval systems specifying the data required for auth...
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Welfare issues in poultry housing and management: broilers
More than 60 billion of broilers are reared and slaughtered for meat production yearly. The majority of broilers worldwide is housed indoors in floor systems and is of a fast-growing breed. Welfare problems have been associated with their efficient growth, the rearing environment and flock manage...
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Instant insights: lameness in dairy cattle
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on lameness in dairy cattle.
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The anaerobic rumen fungi
Ruminants are characterized by the ability of microbes in the rumen to convert cellulosic feed into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and proteins that meet the nutritional needs of the animal. Major advances in analytical techniques and genomics have transformed our understanding of rumen microbiology...
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Fair-trade coffee: how fair is fair?
An important aspect of sustainability that needs discussion is a fair income for producers and laborers involved in agriculture. This chapter discusses what ‘fair’ means and the approach used by some major Voluntary Sustainability Standards to calculate ‘fair’ prices for producers. This is follow...
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Achieving sustainable production of poultry meat volume 1
Poultry production faces many challenges. This collection starts by reviewing safety, including detection, prevention and control of zoonoses in poultry flocks. It also discusses key aspects of quality such as meat flavour as well wider issues such as the environmental impact of poultry production.
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The hessian fly: a destructive pest of wheat and barley
Hessian fly is a global pest of wheat. Traditional control methods for this pest include implementing fly-free planting dates, stubble plow down and use of resistant cultivars. These methods face challenges due to changes in climate and cultural practice. Fly-free dates are no longer useful or ne...
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Nutritional strategies to boost immune function in pigs
Our understanding of porcine nutrition and immunity has increased dramatically over the last two decades. For the vast majority of nutrients, researchers attempted to demonstrate the potential to improve immunity in pigs. The use of lipopolysaccharide to stimulate the immune system often was used...
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Improving the environmental performance of horticultural production: fruits and vegetables
Horticultural crops (fruits and vegetables) are generally considered to have a relatively low environmental impact compared to other food types, yet there is huge diversity among crops and their impact. For fruit crops, the largest impacts occur at the farm level, most often related to machinery ...
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Life cycle assessment and carbon footprint of banana cultivation
This chapter presents concepts and tools around the life cycle assessment (LCA) and carbon footprint (CFP) of the banana value chain. Bananas are the world’s most exported fresh fruit in volume and value and a key crop for millions of households in developing countries providing food, nutrition a...
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Service crops as a source of nitrogen in temperate europe
Service crops (SCs) are widely used in low input systems as a source for nitrogen (N), and in intensive cropping systems for reducing N leaching by taking up residual soil N after the harvest of the main crop. This chapter discusses benefits of SCs, which are defined here as crops grown for provi...
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Instant insights: decision support systems in agriculture
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on decision support systems (DSS) in agriculture.
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Advances in cultured meat technology
This collection reviews current advances in cellular agriculture, focussing primarily on the emerging research in cultured meat technology. The book considers the establishment of regulatory frameworks for cultured meat in the USA and Singapore and highlights the quality and sustainability issues...
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Advances in understanding the role of soil microbiomes in carbon cycling in soil
This chapter explores the advances in understanding the role of soil microbiomes in carbon cycling in soil. The author begins by reviewing the contributions of bacterial and fungal necromass to soil carbon, and the roles of soil microbial biomass in carbon cycling. Here, he describes how soil mic...
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Ensuring and exploiting the genetic diversity of sugarcane
The majority of cultivars in current commercial sugarcane breeding programmes trace back to a few key interspecific hybrids that were developed during the early 1900s. Sugarcane breeders have expressed concerns about the narrow sampling of ancestral clones in modern sugarcane breeding programmes,...
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Carbon management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems: soil organic carbon fraction losses and restoration
The conversion of native vegetation (NV) into agricultural land by clearing and tillage disrupts the soil structure, and depletes soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. Data on changes in SOC pools are needed to enhance scientific knowledge regarding the effects of land use and Conservation Agriculture ...
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Maintaining the safety of poultry feed
Natural and artificial contaminants in poultry feed may result in deteriorated feed quality, reduced performance, and increased incidence of disease in poultry, ultimately leading to a significant economic loss for producers. Moreover, since poultry are raised to produce meat and eggs for human c...
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Enzyme assays for measuring soil microbial activity
This chapter aims to discuss the advantages and limits of enzyme assays used as proxies for nutrient availability in soil and as indicators of soil health. The chapter also discusses the complexity of interpreting soil enzyme activities. It underlines research shortcomings and proposes future res...
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Precision tillage systems
The commercial development of information-intensive precision agriculture technologies has given rise to a number of applications aimed at improving agricultural production through site-specific management, including precision tillage. This chapter describes developments in on-the-go soil strengt...
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Advances in dairy protein science: whey proteins
Whey proteins are highly nutritious and commercially important proteins from the serum phase of milk. Amino acid profile, digestion and absorption behavior in the gut in addition to various physical functionalities make them a highly sought after protein group in broad range of commercial applica...
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Milk composition and properties: interspecies comparison
The present chapter is a comparative presentation of the characteristics of milk produced from ruminants – cow, buffalo, goat, sheep, yak, camel - and equids - donkey and horse -. Emphasis is on topics associated with technological and nutritional/biological performance of milk, i.e., fat globule...
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Reconciling production and biodiversity in management of pastures and grasslands
Grasslands are crucial for the conservation of biodiversity across the world. Current agricultural practices have increasingly replaced grasslands by crops or managed them more intensively, resulting in a dramatic reduction of biodiversity. Is it possible to reconcile profitable grassland product...
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Advances in nutrient management in greenhouse cultivation
Precise nutrient management is essential to produce high-quality and high-yielding greenhouse crops while limiting cost and environmental damage. Traditional nutrient management strategies are being replaced by new types of fertilizers combined with precision delivery and management. This chapter...
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The rumen archaea
Methane (CH4) is produced in the rumen by a group of microorganisms called methanogenic Archaea In this chapter, the types of Archaea found in the rumen will be reviewed through a summary of the rumen cultivation studies and molecular surveys of rumen archaeal community composition. The chapter w...
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The stics soil-crop model: a generic model to simulate the functioning of agroecosystems
This chapter offers a general presentation of the STICS soil-crop model. Through numerous illustrations dealing notably with genetic x environment x management interactions, it presents an overview of the wide domain of validity of the model, along with its performances, demonstrating its potenti...
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Developing barley crops for improved malt quality
This chapter introduces current key challenges for improving malting barley such as the rise in the craft brewing industry. It goes on to review typical traits of malting quality, such as grain size, protein and germination. It also highlights the importance of malt extract which is obtained afte...
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Breeding cassava to meet consumer preferences for product quality
New, high-yielding varieties have transformed cassava from a low-yielding, famine-reserve crop to a high-yielding cash crop for both rural and urban consumers in Africa. The opportunity provided by this high yield in terms of lower production cost per hectare has made cassava a potential crop for...
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Improving organic animal farming for the future
This chapter reviews key issues and approaches in improving organic animal farming for the future. It emphasises the value of developing diverse solutions suited to local conditions as well as the importance of understanding and working in harmony with the natural resource base. The chapter highl...
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The use of plant extracts as dietary supplements in dairy cow nutrition: saponins
Saponins are steroid or triterpene glycoside compounds found in a variety of plants. Some saponins-containing plants have been used in ruminant nutrition with the most known and The main effect of saponins appears to inhibit ruminal protozoa (i.e., defaunation), which might increase rumen microbi...
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Advances in technologies for monitoring pig welfare
The pig sector undergoes a major transformation characterized by intensification, geographic concentration, vertical integration and increasing scales of production. This creates new challenges for animal welfare. Sensor technology offers multiple advantages for monitoring key indicators of welfa...
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On-farm implementation of integrated weed management
IWM is a part of integrated pest management (IPM) and adoption of IWM is an important driver for IPM. Within the project IWMPRAISE we developed a novel framework for integrating and implementing existing and novel approaches to IWM. Understanding the drivers of decision making by farmers are esse...
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Assessing the sustainability impacts of rice cultivation
In an increasingly crowded, volatile and fragile world, rice represents a crucial driver of global food security. This chapter explores the environmental and broader sustainability challenges posed by rice production. After considering trends in rice production and consumption and its strategic i...
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Taxonomy and classification of cacao
Theobroma cacao is one of the most important cash crops in the world and is native to the tropical, humid forests of South America. This chapter discusses its origin and the taxonomy and classification of the varieties of Theobroma. It then reviews the characteristics of the three general groups ...
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Improving operating standards in sustainable forest management of tropical forests in africa
Forests in Africa, if managed sustainably, are important for providing livelihood support to millions of people by delivering environmental, economic and social values. However, high deforestation and forest degradation, undefined policies on land and forest tenure, and associated benefit sharing...
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Forecasting future global agricultural water demand: current projections and future challenges
Population and economic growth, urbanization, and lifestyle changes are key drivers of water demand estimation. Climatic change and risks add another dimension to the calculus. However, unreliable baseline information and future uncertainties of many drivers are barriers to accurate demand projec...
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Improving poultry meat quality
This collection summarises recent research on genetic and environmental factors affecting the development of quality traits in poultry meat and their implications for breeding, husbandry and postharvest processing.
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Pre- and postharvest fungal apple diseases
The domesticated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is the most significant pome fruit grown and consumed worldwide. China is the largest producer, followed by the United States, on a global scale. However, fungal plant pathogens cause significant economic losses in the field and during storage, lead...
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Inspection techniques for poultry slaughterhouse operations: the case of the european union
Poultry slaughter includes complex and challenging operations from a food safety point of view. The food business operator (FBO) is responsible for identifying food safety risks and ensuring that food safety legislation is followed. This chapter considers the goals and prerequisites of successful...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of soybeans volume 2
The second volume in this two-volume collection focusses on ways of improving the management of pests and diseases of soybean. It also reviews research on improving the nutritional value and shelf-life of soybeans as well as its uses in animal feed and biodiesel.
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Precision weed management systems
Weed populations in arable fields are often spatially and temporally heterogeneous, and high-density weed patches require intensive weed management. In areas with no or few weeds, input for weed control can be reduced. This chapter describes manual and geographic information system–based weed map...
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Modelling crop growth and grain yield in maize cultivation
Drought stress, often accompanied by heat stress, is a major problem for maize cultivation, and these stresses are projected to occur more frequently and to be more severe because of global climate change. It is therefore essential to predict likely drought impacts on maize production, which larg...
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Marker-assisted selection in cassava breeding
By reducing the number of seedlings using marker-assisted selection (MAS), field breeders of cassava can allocate their limited phenotyping resources to a smaller number of selection candidates for further phenotypic evaluation of complex traits such as yield and drought tolerance. This chapter d...
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Use of cover crops to promote soil health
Several principles are recommended for improving soil health, including keeping the soil covered, providing living roots as much of the year as possible, increasing biodiversity and reducing disturbance of the soil. Cover crops contribute to achieving all of these principles. In addition to their...
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Understanding the behaviour of dairy cattle
In recent years, I have developed the necessary tools to gain a thorough understanding of cow behaviour in intensive management systems. This improved understanding can facilitate the design of new, sustainable management systems, which promote cattle welfare. In this chapter, I provide an overvi...
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Advances in understanding invasive characteristics in weed species
Genetic modifications are a well-known mechanism for understanding the evolution of weeds and invasive alien plants. Recently more attention has been given to epigenetic modifications in weed ecological genetics since epigenetic modifications can govern the ecological-adaptive potential of weed s...
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Developing varieties of robusta coffee
Coffee is one of the important agricultural commodities, contributing substantially to the national exchequers of growing countries. Coffee is generally obtained from two types of coffee plants, namely Arabica and Robusta; the two species differ from each other in their centre of origin, breeding...
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Achieving sustainable production of pig meat volume 2
Pig production faces many hurdles in meeting increasing global demand sustainably. This volume discusses advances in breeding to improve both productivity and quality. It also reviews key developments in improving animal nutrition.
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Rumen metabolomics – a powerful tool for discovery and understanding of rumen functionality and health
The rumen is a complex ecosystem essential for the health and productivity of ruminants. Metabolomics is an emerging technology, with rumen metabolomics research generating important data offering insights into the metabolites present in the rumen, and the factors affecting the rumen microbiome a...
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Cultivation, production and marketing of organic tea
This chapter provides an overview of the development of organic and biodynamic tea production in different producing countries, exploring cultivation practices, the global market for, and trade in, organic tea, and research priorities. The chapter assesses the pattern of yield trend after convers...
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Good agricultural practices: an end point or a starting point for more sustainable banana production?
Bananas, a longstanding export crop, have not been immune from consumer concerns about food safety and the environmental and human health impacts of production. About half of export banana production is certified under four labels – GlobalGap, Organic, FairTrade and Rainforest – based on Good Agr...
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Improving welfare in poultry slaughter
Poultry production involves the killing of very large numbers of birds so there is a compelling need to protect welfare at slaughter. In most countries, slaughter must be preceded by stunning to induce unconsciousness. The major stunning approaches used in chicken slaughter are electrical stunnin...
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Instant insights: artificial intelligence applications in agriculture
This collection considers the variety of applications of Artificial Intelligence in agriculture, highlighting its use in vineyards to improve precision irrigation, as well as its use in harvest-assist platforms in citrus orchards.
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Vertical farming systems for urban agriculture
Judging by the rapid growth of the vertical farm industry over recent years, vertical farming is projected to become a common feature of the built environment on a global scale within the next 10–20 years. This chapter describes and evaluates technologies and methods for growing edible plants ind...
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Safety management on the poultry farm
Transmission and colonization of poultry pathogens and infectious diseases can be controlled, and the colonization of major zoonotic pathogens in the poultry can be minimized, through better farm safety management, phytosanitary measures and a pre-harvest Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Poin...
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Nutritional factors affecting greenhouse gas production from ruminants: implications for enteric and manure emissions
Ruminants are significant contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Mitigating enteric and manure methane (CH4) production have been explored, but often in isolation of other GHG. Lowering enteric CH4 emissions can cause unintended increases in GHG from manure. Considering the comple...
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Gut health and susceptibility to enteric bacterial diseases in poultry
Most pathogens of poultry and other vertebrates enter the body via a mucosal portal of entry, and for the vast majority, this means either the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This chapter surveys the main bacterial pathogens found in the GIT of poultry, and examines the process of sy...
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Integrated pest management (ipm) in greenhouse and other protected environments
Production in greenhouses, high tunnels, and other protected environments is expanding worldwide to allow for more intensive and continual cultivation to mitigate the effects of climate change. Growers want to create conditions that are ideal for the plants to thrive, but these are often the same...
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Management of viruses and virus-like agents affecting apple production
Viruses and virus-like agents have recurring impact on quality fruit production throughout the life of an orchard. They are graft-transmissible and are readily disseminated through the use of infected budwood. Since many of these agents do not have arthropod or nematode vectors, the most effectiv...
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Neonatal piglet nutritional supplementation to increase growth and survival: a review
Survivability of piglets during the neonatal period has been decreasing as genetic selection for highly prolific animals continues across the swine industry. Piglets considered medium weight at birth (1.0-1.3kg) provide the greatest opportunity to improve survival. Colostrum consumption by the ne...
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Quality defects associated with poultry muscle development: pale, soft and exudative meat
Pale, soft and exudative (PSE) describes a meat quality defect resulting from an extremely rapid pH drop while the temperature of the carcass is still high. First identified in pigs, the condition has also been observed in turkeys and broilers. Despite the progress in the understanding of the und...
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Precision maize cultivation techniques
Information and communication technologies are transforming the way maize is cultivated around the world by providing farmers with a suite of novel tools and techniques for improving crop production, enhancing input use efficiency and increasing profitability while achieving environmental sustain...
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Developments in automated monitoring of livestock fertility/pregnancy
Livestock production has been characterized by the intensification and specialization of production leading to larger farms and, hence, to more animals per farm worker. Detecting cows in estrus and getting cows pregnant are two of the major challenges in dairy herd management. In addition to the ...
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Identifying and managing plant health risks for key african crops: yams and cocoyams
A large proportion of the world’s yams, which are mostly indigenous to Africa, and the exotic taro and cocoyam are grown in West and Central Africa by resource-poor farmers. Surveys demonstrate recycling and build-up of pathogens and nematodes from one generation to the next because of their vege...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of potatoes volume 2
The second of this two-volume collection discusses ways of improving cultivation across the supply chain from seed selection and planting to post-harvest storage. It also reviews research on the better understanding and management of key pests and diseases.
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The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) to improve root function and crop nutrient use efficiency
Bacteria that colonize plant roots and promote plant growth and development, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can contribute to more sustainable intensification of agriculture while minimizing detrimental impacts associated with excessive fertilization. In this chapter we review recent...
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Development of dairy breeding programmes
Genomic selection has revolutionized dairy cattle breeding programs. Young bulls can be selected at a young age without progeny testing at a much lower cost than previously. This reduction in generation interval makes it possible to double genetic trend. This chapter explains the context of dairy...
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Maize seed variety selection and seed system development: the case of southern africa
Maize is the most important staple food crop in southern Africa. It is predominantly grown by smallholder farmers, but seed companies generally target large commercial farmers in high potential areas when developing new varieties. To address the needs of smallholder farmers in maize genetic impro...
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Genetic engineering of tomato to improve nutritional quality, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and for non-food applications
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an excellent plant model for unravelling physiological processes, fruit quality and shelf-life determinants, such as stress-responsive signalling, pathogenicity and ripening in climacteric fruits. Consumer awareness of tomato as a phytonutrient source of lycope...
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The role of perches in chicken welfare
This chapter reviews the current knowledge on perching behaviour of chickens. During nighttime, chickens are highly motivated for elevated resting. During daytime chickens often perform vulnerable behaviours on elevated structures. Access to elevated structures can reduce fearfulness in chickens ...
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Digestion of milk protein and milk fat
Milk is a nutrient-rich and well-balanced food containing high-quality proteins with super-digestibility. The dairy products produced from milk make an important contribution to the total dietary supply of nutrients. However, the digestion and absorption of nutrients not only is based on the high...
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Composition and properties of eggshell
The eggshell provides convenient packaging for the transportation of the egg contents. Since the shell is fragile, it must be handled and transported with care. Cracked and damaged eggs lead to financial losses and pose a food safety risk. A greater understanding of the eggshell and its formation...
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Supporting smallholders in organic crop cultivation: the case of east africa
The value chains of several vegetables and other crops in Eastern Africa are growing in volume and value and are potentially making an impact on the livelihood of the involved producers, processers, transporters, retailers and sales-sites. This chapter reports the outcomes of selected ProGrOV cas...
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Achieving sustainable management of tropical forests: overview and conclusions
This chapter summarises the key findings from the chapters written by subject specialists from around the world for Achieving sustainable management of tropical forests, providing a synopsis of current knowledge and thinking about different aspects of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) to help t...
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Advances in understanding cassava growth and development
Understanding the physiological basis for cassava growth and development supports key strategies for the crop’s sustainable management and its genetic improvement. Key components to consider are leaf area index, plant architecture, total biomass yield, photosynthetic rate, root bulking and root q...
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The future of crop modeling for sustainable agriculture
Crop growth simulation models have become increasingly important as accepted tools with uses in education, research, crop management, industry, and government policy decisions related to improving and sustaining agricultural production of food, feed, fiber, and ecosystem services. This chapter b...
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Using talens for genome editing in plants
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are powerful tools for precise and efficient locus-specific editing. Among the various genome editing tools that were developed prior to the CRISPR/Cas system, TALENs have been the most widely used, and they remain worthy of consideration d...
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Agroforestry for hardwood timber production
Managing hardwood trees for high-quality sawlogs within the agroforestry practices of alley cropping, silvopasture, forested riparian buffers and upland (windbreaks) buffers means intensively managing relatively wide-spaced trees and a ground cover as a companion crop on the same unit of land. Th...
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Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in west africa
Agriculture involves approximately 60% of the population and contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the majority of West African countries. Agricultural productivity in the sub-region is projected to be adversely impacted by climate change. The sustainability of West Afr...
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Food losses during production of agricultural commodities
Preharvest quantitative and qualitative losses during the production of agricultural commodities are very significant, though less discussed than postharvest food losses and waste. This chapter explores the various causes of preharvest losses, estimates of their impact and measures to reduce them...
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Human–robot collaboration in agricultural robots
Agricultural robots are being developed for many on-farm tasks; however, in practice, current working agricultural robotic systems are limited and fully robotized farms are not yet available. This chapter presents initial work carried out in the domain of human–robot collaboration in agriculture ...
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Optimizing soils, pasture and grassland management for organic dairy farming
Organic dairy cows should be able to rely on homegrown forages, especially pasture, as their main source of nutrition. A critical aim is to ensure cows have the optimum body condition at calving and inevitable lactational loss of condition are minimised. Some of the desired attributes of an organ...
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Managing soil health for sustainable agriculture volume 2
Soil health is critical to a successful agriculture. This second volume reviews ways of classifying and measuring soils and their properties. It then discusses ways soil health can be maintained or enhanced to ensure sustainable agricultural production, as well as regional case studies of managin...
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Advances in remote/aerial sensing techniques for monitoring soil health
Remote sensing is a cost-effective method to monitor soil health. Compared with conventional monitoring station networks, it has improved spatial representativeness and no interference with farming activities. For the last few decades, microwave remote sensing has been tested on satellites for gl...
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Banana blood disease
Blood disease of banana is a bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis. The symptoms of Blood disease include wilting, chlorosis and necrosis of leaves, red/brown vascular staining, and pulp-rot of the fruit. The disease was first reported in 1905 from southern Sulawesi and w...
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Improving sorghum cultivation in south america
Sorghum production in Brazil has expanded significantly in recent years, with a current planted area of close to one and a half million hectares. Sorghum provides an excellent source of grain to feed cattle, poultry and swine, as well as forage for cattle, especially in situations of drought and ...
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Understanding and preventing soil erosion
This collection reviews the range of research on understanding the mechanisms of soil erosion, as well as advances in techniques for measuring erosion. The book also addresses recent developments in mitigation strategies to reduce soil erosion such as zero/no-tillage, buffer strips and soil stabi...
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Xanthomonas wilt of banana
Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) is a major banana disease affecting small-holder farms in East and Central Africa. While BXW management practices have been introduced across extensive regions, achieving high levels of disease control and/or eradication has proven difficult. Resurgence of BXW in managed si...
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Trace element contaminants in agricultural soils: challenges and solutions
This chapter explores the challenges and solutions to trace element contaminants in agricultural soils. Trace elements are naturally occurring environmental components but human activities have significantly altered their distribution, leading to contamination across various environmental compart...
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Integrated weed management in maize cultivation: an overview
Maize (Zea mays L.) is among the most important cereals of the world. Weeds are one of the major constraints that reduce maize productivity. In this chapter, we discuss the impact of weeds on maize cultivation and the possible ways to control weeds in maize. In addition to herbicides, integrated ...
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Nutritional properties and enhancement/biofortification of potatoes
There are a number of factors that make potatoes a logical focus for nutritional breeding efforts. As one of the world’s staple foods, they have a key role to play in improving global food security, largely due to their nutritional value, storability, affordability and high yield. Recent years ha...
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Non-infectious disorders affecting potatoes
There are a wide range of non-infectious disorders that can affect potatoes, generally as a result of imbalances within the plant caused by environmental stresses. Such disorders make tubers unappealing to consumers, and therefore have significant economic consequences. However, non-infectious di...
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Innovations in apple tree cultivation to manage crop load and ripening
This chapter is a summary of recent innovation in orchard training system design, pruning technique, thinning, plant growth regulators and fruit finishing, with the specific goal of identifying more sustainable practice. New training systems like the ‘bi-axis’ are described as well as pruning tec...
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Integrated crop-livestock systems with agroforestry to improve organic animal farming
The International Federation of Organic Movements (IFOAM) has established four fundamental principles which underpin organic farming. One way of achieving these principles is the use of integrated crop-livestock systems, which is very common for well-balanced organic systems with animals. This ch...
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The role of non-governmental organisations (ngos) in improving safety, quality and sustainability standards in agri-food supply chains
The agri-food sector can be seen as one of the drivers of climate change-related problems whilst also being greatly affected by it. Sustainability standards have a role in promoting and supporting the uptake of sustainability practices, promoting agroecological farming and reducing the negative i...
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Selection strategies in hybrid rye with special consideration of fungal disease resistances
Although winter rye is known for its high tolerance to biotic stress factors, several diseases are occurring in most rye-growing countries: snow mold, brown foot rot, powdery mildew, leaf rust, stem rust, Fusarium head blight, and ergot. For hybrid breeding, resistance selection is important due ...
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Advances in conventional sugarcane breeding programmes
All sugarcane cultivars currently grown throughout the world arise from breeding programmes which have used a reasonably similar approach sustained over many decades. This comprises a continuous pipeline of operations of regular (usually annual) crossing among selected parent clones to produce la...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of cassava volume 2
Volume 2 reviews genetic resources and breeding techniques as well as their use to produce varieties with traits such as enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. It also discusses key pests and diseases and their management in making cultivation more efficient and sustainable.
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Diversity and genome evolution in coffee
While the worldwide production of coffee relies on a small number of cultivars with reduced diversity, wild coffee trees represent huge reserves of genetic diversity that could help to mitigate the effects of unstable climate and plant diseases, as well as modify the wealth of health-related chem...
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