Collection: Technology & Engineering
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Responsible and sustainable use of medicines in dairy herd health
As well as having a moral obligation to safeguard animal health and welfare, veterinarians and dairy producers also have One Health responsibilities to protect human health and the environment from the risk of antimicrobial resistance and the food chain from medicine residues. This chapter descri...
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Automation and robotics in greenhouses
This chapter provides an overview of the state of the art of automation technology in protected cultivation and looks ahead to future directions for achieving further progress in this field. The chapter provides a generic description of the greenhouse crop production process and then uses it as a...
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Sustainability pathways in oil palm cultivation: a comparison of indonesia, colombia and cameroon
Oil palm development is a major subject in controversies over sustainable agriculture. Economic benefits are very high due to the crop characteristics and its impact on smallholder development and economic growth. Producer countries have targeted oil palm expansion to meet national and global dem...
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Integrated crop management of wheat
Integrated crop management (ICM) is the practice of using multiple agronomic and pest control methods to maximize yield and net returns and to minimize inputs while maintaining economic and environmental sustainability. This chapter describes the role of agronomists in developing ICM strategies a...
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Advances in marker-assisted breeding of palm oil
Oil palm, with its long breeding cycle and large land requirement for breeding trials, can be considered as a suitable candidate crop for marker assisted selection (MAS) for breeding. This chapter explores the applications of MAS in oil palm breeding including paternity testing and prediction of ...
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Insect pests affecting oil palms
Monocultures – including oil palm – are known to induce strong parasitic pressure. Coleoptera and Lepidoptera are the main insect pests affecting oil palms in all continents where it is cultivated. This chapter offers an overview of the major types of oil palm pests (23 species) that have been se...
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Advances in breeding crops resistant to insect pests: rice as a paradigm
Over the last 60 years research involving the development and deployment of insect-resistant crop cultivars has led to significant crop improvements in the major food-producing areas of the world. This chapter discusses the history, status, latest methods, and challenges of breeding insect-resist...
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Access to mechanization for smallholder farmers in africa
Agricultural mechanization is vital to achieving sustainable livelihood, food security and national development. Mechanization is pertinent for Africa where the predominant production system remains the smallholder’s system. The use of technologies from the West continue to face lots of constrain...
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Optimizing pest management in fruit cultivation
Tree fruit growers in temperate regions have faced challenges in managing the complex of arthropod pests present in these systems because of increasing pesticide regulatory restrictions, public concerns about food safety and environmental quality, and resistance to older pesticides by key pests. ...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of rice volume 2
Volume 2 reviews ways of improving cultivation of rice, from planting to soil management, nutrition and irrigation as well as techniques such as integrated crop management. It also discusses key pests and diseases and methods for their control in making cultivation more productive and sustainable.
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Genetic factors affecting feed efficiency in meat-type chickens
To meet the global demand poultry meat, poultry should be produced efficiently and sustainably. Feed constitutes 70% of the cost of poultry production, meaning improvements in feed efficiency would be beneficial to producers, consumers and the environment. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) is an econom...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of wheat volume 1
This book reviews advances in breeding techniques as well as their application to produce drought-resistant and other improved varieties. It also discusses wheat nutritional quality. Finally it reviews developments such as disease-resistant varieties and other techniques to combat pests and disea...
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Defining and implementing best management practices in soybean production
In order to optimize the profitability of soybean production while minimizing adverse effects on the environment, it is important to define and implement the most effective management, agronomic and technological practices. The present chapter considers the following components of soybean product...
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Sweetpotato genetic resources: today and tomorrow
The sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is the sixth most important food crop on a global scale. While China accounts for about 80% of global production, Nigeria, Uganda, Indonesia and Tanzania are also large producers of sweetpotato. The chapter examines the origin and dispersal of sweetpota...
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Integrated weed management in perennial woody crops
Perennial woody crops span over a broad variety of species in Europe with olive and vine being the most cultivated tree crops. Nowadays, the increasing problem of herbicide resistance, the possible withdrawal of herbicides from the EU market and their effects on farmland biodiversity are driving ...
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The monica agroecosystem model
This chapter describes the MONICA agroecosystem model, its development from the original HERMES model, its main features, and example applications for various tasks across scales. MONICA allows a balanced view on crop and soil processes when simulating cropping systems over a wide range of enviro...
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Understanding and exploiting the genetics of plant root traits
This chapter illustrates how genomics and other -omics approaches coupled with new-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have been deployed to dissect the genetic make-up of RSA traits and better understand their functions, particularly under environmentally constrained conditions that commonly o...
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Restoring degraded grasslands
Grazed grasslands are complex ecosystems, and careful and responsible management is essential for their growth and maintenance. This chapter examines the inter-relationship of species, microbial activity, nutrients and environmental factors in restoring and maintaining their health, sustainabilit...
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Techniques and key issues in collecting crop wild relatives
The genetic diversity found in populations of crop wild relatives is an essential resource for future crop breeding, but populations are at risk of loss before germplasm has been fully conserved in genebanks. This chapter describes best practice for targeting and identifying species, and review k...
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Agricultural traffic management systems and soil health
This chapter examines the relationship between agricultural traffic and soil compaction. It begins by reviewing research on how agricultural traffic affects soil compaction as well as ways of measuring soil compaction and its effects. It then discusses a range of potential techniques to avoid soi...
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Developments in humane slaughtering techniques for poultry
Stunning of animals before slaughtering is now gaining global acceptance. It is being recognized as a humane slaughtering technique. This chapter discovers that cruelty to animals can be prevented and animals can be well protected by induction of unconsciousness as the first and enduring stage of...
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The need for conservation agriculture
The chapter describes the root causes of the degrading nature of the dominant conventional tillage agriculture. It argues that the paradigm of conventional tillage agriculture is ecologically unsustainable and not fit for purpose, at any level of development, to meet present and future societal n...
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Biotic sources of seed losses influencing germination and emergence success in crop plants and agricultural weeds
Yield loss of crop plants to pests, pathogens, and competitors has remained largely undiminished over the last 50 years, representing a significant cost to farmers and a continuing threat to food security. We review the contribution of pathogens and predators to seed losses, distinguishing events...
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One-welfare approach to assessing egg quality
Once basic requirements are met, consumers’ perception of product quality is directed to animal welfare. Both in and beyond Europe, animal farming systems for egg production and laying hens are transitioning from indoor cage to cage-free systems (often still based on high stocking densities and s...
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Understanding the plant-pathogen interaction associated with septoria nodorum blotch of wheat
This chapter discusses understanding the plant-pathogen interaction associated with septorium nodorum blotch of wheat. It begins by reviewing the necrotrophic effector-host sensitivity gene interactions in the wheat-P. nodorum system. It then reviews the genetic relationship between NE-sensitivit...
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Post-harvest storage management of mango fruit
As soon as a high-quality fruit and good yield are achieved, the mango fruit is harvested and the post-harvest-handling venture begins. It is estimated that, from harvest to plate, more than one-third of the fruit yield is lost. The purpose of this chapter is to review existing information and re...
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Closed-loop combined crop-livestock farming systems
The global demand for animal-sourced foods has led to an expansion and intensification of livestock production, resulting in complex environmental and ecological challenges. In the 1960s and 1970s, leys played a crucial role in cropping systems. However, the pursuit of increased production to mee...
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Improvement options for agricultural crop production for food, feed and bioenergy
Agriculture currently faces the dual challenges of both having to increase its overall biomass output while contributing to the mitigation of pressing global environmental changes. It is therefore urged to reconcile these challenges by drastically increasing its performance in the short term. Thi...
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Advances in understanding plant root water uptake
Water deficit is one of the primary limitations to crop production. Here, we review the role of root and rhizosphere hydraulic processes that affect the ability of a plant to extract water from the soil. Prominent features of rhizosphere hydraulic properties are: root shrinkage, alteration of por...
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Poultry welfare monitoring: wearable technologies
This chapter reviews poultry welfare monitoring, specifically focusing on wearable technologies. It begins by discussing the use of radio-frequency identification technology (RFID) systems in chickens and other housing systems. The chapter then goes on to address wearable sensors and acceleromete...
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Redirecting nutrients in urban waste to urban agriculture
Until the nineteenth century, ‘nightsoil’ and organic waste were recycled to agriculture to replenish farmland with nutrients and organic matter in (peri-)urban areas. However, with the onset of cheap chemical fertilizer production, nightsoil use was abandoned. This development facilitated the ge...
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Genome editing of barley
Although barley is of great importance for the brewing and animal feed industries and is regarded as a model for small grain cereals, only a few results on targeted gene modification using CRISPR/Cas endonuclease technology have been published to date. In this chapter, the frontiers and achieveme...
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Development of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers for cereal breeding and crop research: current methods and future prospects
Modern cereal breeding and research increasingly relies upon the application of molecular genetics. This chapter provides an overview of the development of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for use in such breeding and research. Fluorescence detection methods are fully reviewed as this...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of temperate zone tree fruits and berries volume 1
Volume 1 in this collection summarises the wealth of research addressing the challenges facing temperate fruit cultivation, from breeding improved varieties to better crop management and protection methods
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Increasing water productivity in agriculture: an overview
There is good evidence that improvements in crop productively have come from increases in yield rather than from decreases in total water use. In irrigated agriculture, there are increasing attempts to decrease the unproductive losses of water from storage, through distribution systems and onto f...
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Optimising urban forestry: the food connection
Urban forestry, defined as the planning and management of trees and associated vegetation in urban areas, has become well established across the globe. Its many contributions to resilient, sustainable and attractive cities have become well documented. This chapter focusses on urban forestry’s con...
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Advances in marker-assisted breeding of soybeans
This chapter reviews key developments in marker-assisted breeding of soybean. It begins by discussing types of molecular markers such as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). It then discusses marker assays and genotyping platforms for marker-assisted selection...
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Advances in understanding and improving the use of amino acids in poultry nutrition
Knowledge of amino acid formulation minimum constraints in the nutrient matrix are pivotal in order to allow for formulation flexibility, and subsequent broiler productivity at minimum nitrogen supply. Four key amino acid minimums that beg for more research are: arginine, glycine and serine, hist...
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Landscape genomics: application in poultry breeding
Landscape genomics has become an important tool to study the neutral genetic structure of populations and to identify loci and genomic regions under natural or artificial selection. The understanding of the actions of selection on the genome and their association with specific environmental and l...
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Waste management and recycling in oil palm cultivation
In a typical palm plantation, almost 70% of the fresh fruit bunches are turned into wastes in the form of empty fruit bunches, fibres and shells, as well as liquid effluent. Until recently, most of the wastes from palm oil mills were either burnt in the open or thrown away in waste ponds or open ...
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The future of dna technologies for improving beef quality: marbling, fatty acid composition and tenderness
DNA genotyping with high-density panels and genome sequencing provide new opportunities for genetic improvement of beef quality traits by genomic selection (GS). Adoption of GS in the beef industry is lower than that in the dairy industry. Lower accuracy of genomic predictions is one of the reaso...
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Enhancing the nutritional quality of poultry meat
The pattern of poultry meat consumption has changed considerably, and these days, there has been a significant increase in the consumption of poultry meat products that are easily purchased and/or prepared. Genetic selection has largely helped to meet the market demand for increased poultry meat ...
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Management of dairy cows in transition and at calving
Most of the clinical disease events in a dairy cow’s life occur during the transition period, defined as the period three weeks before and after calving. It is believed that almost all cows experience some immune dysfunction during the peripartum period, and that this combined with nutritional di...
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Advances in identifying stripe rust resistance genes in cereals
Stripe rust is one of the most serious wheat diseases of the world, usually resulting in massive loss of grain production. The most effective and environmentally friendly way to control the spread of stripe rust is to plant wheat varieties that carry stripe rust resistance genes. The identificati...
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Instant insights: sustainable forest management
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on sustainable forest management.
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Emerging roles for soil bacteroidetes in complex carbon and organic phosphorus cycling
This chapter highlights the latest advances in Bacteroidetes research, with a focus on their unique approaches to phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) metabolism. The chapter also hypothesises how these metabolic strategies link with the emerging importance of these bacteria as plant disease suppressing...
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Diseases affecting wheat and barley: powdery mildew
Powdery mildew pathogens are among the most important cereal disease-causing organisms, and can result in significant losses in yield and reductions in grain quality. They pose a significant challenge for barley and wheat agricultural production systems. This chapter aims to provide an overview o...
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On-farm monitoring of layer flock health using sensors and modern data analytics
Over the last decades, the egg industry in Europe and North America has experienced significant transformations, shifting from conventional cage housing towards cage-free alternatives, with aviary systems offering hens more space and freedom to express their natural behaviours. Nevertheless, the ...
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Automated assessment of plant diseases and traits by sensors: how can digital technologies support smart farming and plant breeding?
Plant diseases pose a significant threat to agriculture. Precise and appropriately timed detection and identification of plant diseases is crucial for disease management, and for the selection of resistant and tolerant varieties. The detection of plant diseases by the human eye is dependent on th...
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Enhancing seed defence mechanisms against pathogens
Defence priming is defined as the enhanced sensitivity and responsiveness to stress that results from a prior experience and leads to increased resistance and/or stress tolerance. For plants, priming agents may be microorganisms or chemicals. This chapter reviews defense priming against plant pat...
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Improved energy and water management to minimize the environmental impact of dairy farming
As demand for animal products such as milk increases, the livestock sector places increasing demands on already scarce resources such as land, water and fossil fuels, while also contributing to environmental problems such as climate change. In this chapter, we consider how dairy farms can manage ...
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Building continuous productive (peri-)urban landscapes
Increased prominence is being given to the essential role that nature and landscape play in cities by contributing to climate change adaptation and mitigation while advancing biodiversity and enhancing the quality of urban life. Evidence also shows that urban and peri-urban agriculture provide on...
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Integrated disease management strategies in sugarcane cultivation
Sugarcane diseases cause severe losses to sugar production around the world. More than 100 bacterial, fungal, phytoplasma and viral diseases are present in sugarcane-growing areas worldwide. Some diseases are present in most sugarcane-growing regions while others are confined to specific countrie...
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Intercropping in sustainable maize cultivation
As the level of productivity in sub-Saharan cropping increases, driven by technology adoption, the question whether intercropping should still be promoted over sole cropping is not clear. In this chapter, we review the existing evidence on systems productivity, resource capture and use efficiency...
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Sugarcane as a renewable resource for sustainable futures
Sugarcane is not only the main source of sucrose but also the world’s most important energy crop with an important role in the global sustainability transition, owing to its high productivity, its concentration in developing and emerging economies and the wide array of commercial products that it...
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Ensuring the genetic diversity of maize and its wild relatives
Genebanks and ex situ collections are essential to conserving maize genetic diversity and enabling global access to those resources. The chapter provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of the key issues facing both in situ and ex situ collections. These issues include better conservatio...
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Welfare of gilts and pregnant sows
Mismatches between the evolutionary biology of the sow and current commercial production systems give rise to welfare challenges of stereotyped behaviour development in confined systems and aggression in group housing systems. This chapter describes the welfare issues associated with individual c...
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Management of soil carbon sequestration in urban areas
As urbanisation continues to increase globally, there is increasing focus on urban soils, their potential for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration as well as the broad range of other ecosystem services they can deliver. Urban soils are heterogeneous ranging from relic soils of ecosystems befor...
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Advances in marker-assisted breeding of tomatoes
Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. This chapter describes the process of marker development and how this can be used to improve tomato breeding. The chapter discusses the techniques of marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) to identify and exploi...
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Developing plant-based insect biocontrol agents
Botanical pesticides and specifically essential oils have gained popularity as novel, safe pesticides to replace the traditional synthetic products. They are well known to act throughout different modes-of-action against insects causing different neurotoxic effects ranging from repellency to toxi...
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New uses and processes for cassava
Cassava’s versatility, resilience to climate stress and huge potential for yield increase make it increasingly popular for both food security and industrial applications. This chapter investigates current uses of cassava and considers new processes which might be introduced to promote greater uti...
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Advances in local perception for orchard robotics
The development of digital technologies, cost pressures and the increasing need for sustainability have heightened interest in the application of robotics and automation to improve the efficiency of agricultural operations. Sensors for autonomous navigation require precise positioning and percept...
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Ensuring the genetic diversity of potatoes
Preserving genetic diversity lies at the heart of improvements in breeding and resilience in potato cultivation. This chapter discusses the challenges, opportunities and recent accomplishments of potato gene banks in the areas of acquisition, classification, preservation, evaluation and distribut...
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Mapping and isolation of major resistance genes in cereals
Diseases caused by pathogenic viruses, bacteria, oomycetes, and fungi are a major threat to cereal production worldwide. However, cereal plants have evolved a plethora of disease resistance genes to combat such threats. This genetic resistance forms an essential component of plant protection and ...
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Rethinking and engaging with animal health in organic farming
The organic principle of health highlights ‘the wholeness and integrity of living systems’. It is not simply the absence of illness, but the maintenance of physical, mental, social and ecological well-being. We often articulate health as simply ‘disease freedom’. However, this chapter argues that...
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Advances in the genetic modification of soybeans
Transgenic soybean holds a significant share of the soybean market. However, the traits improved by genetic modification of soybean so far remain limited, with herbicide tolerance being the primary trait exhibited by genetically modified (GM) soybean. Several other agronomic traits could be usefu...
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Advances in understanding actinobacteria in soil
The improved detection methods have led to a better understanding of the diversity and ecological functions of Actinobacteria. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent findings on soil Actinobacteria, with a focus on their classification, genetics/characteristics, what we kno...
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Improving nutrient management in potato cultivation
Potatoes require 14 mineral nutrients, which are often applied in fertilisers. This chapter describes management practices that maximise crop production and minimise nutrient losses to the environment. First, it describes the development of the crop and its temporal demands for macronutrients (ni...
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Temperature deviations during transport as a cause for food losses
Deviating temperature conditions during distribution processes reduce the quality of food and significantly contribute to global food losses. The effect of careless handling and inadequate processing only become visible much later in the cool chain, making it difficult to quantify the contributio...
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Enhancing phosphorus-use efficiency in crop production
Enhancing acquisition and utilization of applied phosphorus by crops will help to conserve limited rock phosphate reserves and minimize off-site transport of applied phosphorus. Understanding plant root growth and the release of substances that can solubilize mineral and organic phosphorus in res...
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Variable-rate application technologies in precision agriculture
The approach of precision agriculture (PA) can be viewed as cyclical in nature, involving data collection, development of management plans, implementation of those plans in the field and evaluation of the effort. This chapter examines the characteristics of variable-rate application (VRA) control...
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Advances in techniques for identifying and tracking foreign bodies in agri-food supply chains
Foreign bodies in food can occur at any stage in the agri-food supply chain continuum, and they are recognised as the main single source of customer complaints. From a food safety perspective, these physical contaminants can cause adverse health effects, so food companies strive to have effective...
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Optimizing slurry management
This chapter discusses optimizing slurry management in agricultural practices. It begins by first highlighting current decision tools for optimizing manure management, then goes on to review modifying animal slurry pH to enhance its value as a biobased fertilizer through methods such as bio acidi...
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The use of sheep in mixed farming systems for improved sustainability
Improving sheep system sustainability is of key importance to producers, processors, retailers and government, yet balancing interdependent and opposing environmental, economic and social factors is a Herculean task. Mixed farming systems provide an option for improving all three facets of sustai...
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Preventing spoilage of poultry meat
The shelf-life of fresh poultry meat is determined by the level of contamination of processed meat by spoilage microorganisms, storage temperature and storage atmosphere. This chapter looks at the various ways by which to extend the shelf-life of poultry meat: vacuum and modified atmosphere packa...
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Detecting pathogens in milk on dairy farms: key issues for developing countries
Testing for pathogens in cow’s milk on dairy farms has assumed importance these days. Pathogen testing is done to ensure milk quality and milk safety and on-farm pathogen testing is being explored. This chapter discusses this crucial issue, first by identifying the rationale for on-farm pathogen ...
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Instant insights: phosphorus uptake and use in crops
This collection reviews the process of phosphorus acquisition in crops and considers the key soil, root and microbial processes that can influence the success of it. Chapters also consider recent developments in breeding programmes to improve phosphorus acquisition efficiency, as well as the envi...
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Nutritional strategies to boost immune response in poultry
In this chapter nutritional modulation of immune function, with specific focus on research work from the year 2000 to present, is outlined with respect to immune responsiveness and disease resistance. In order to assess immune enhancement, suppression, and balance, independent sections for vitam...
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Grasslands and one health: the human health component
The evolution of Homo as habitual consumers of inside- (marrow, brains) and outside-bone (meat, liver, fat) nutrients within grassland ecosystems, coupled with the infrequency of cardiometabolic diseases in modern hunter-gatherer communities, suggests that ancestral-type diets (although variable)...
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Improving crop pest/disease modeling
Dissemination of crop pests and diseases occurs through both natural and anthropogenic processes, facilitated by the increasing interconnectedness of the global food chain. Food security depends on our ability to manage crop pests and diseases effectively. This chapter offers a brief overview of ...
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Advances in understanding poultry digestive anatomy and physiology
A well-functioning digestive tract is key to a sustainable poultry production. Significant progress in our understanding of the digestive tract functionality has allowed for further improvements, and will continue to do so. Feed intake is a prerequisite for a high performance, where feed particle...
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Advances in postharvest management of cereals and grains
Part 1 of this collection assesses the causes of postharvest losses. Part 2 reviews advances in storage technologies, including management of insect pests using techniques such as fumigation, controlled atmospheres and biopesticides, as well as control of fungal contamination.
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Improving smallholder dairy farming in africa
An estimated 80% of the milk produced in Africa is from smallholder farming systems where producers rear less than 10 head of cattle on land sizes that vary from 0.2 to 4 hectares. Smallholder farmers rear a wide variety of genotypes in a variety of mixed crop and livestock systems, reflecting th...
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Poultry breeding for sustainability and plasticity in functional traits: reality or fiction in the midst of conflicting interests
Functional traits support production traits and are at the crossroads between responses to environment and the animal’s performance. They respond to environmental dynamics and affect the G-matrix between functional and production traits. When resources are allocated to one function, fewer resourc...
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Chemical contaminants in foods
This book reviews and synthesises the wide range of recent research which is redefining how best to assess health risks from chemical contaminants in food to improve safety.
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Improving soil management in sugarcane cultivation
This chapter identifies the most important soil management practices for sugarcane cultivation and provides information on the practices used by important cane-producing countries in the world. The chapter focuses on field management of soil for optimum sugarcane production, and covers such areas...
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Improving cultivation practices for soybeans in sub-saharan africa
Soybean production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has significantly increased due to the surge in demand arising from increasing populations and improved incomes. Analysis across SSA revealed an increase in soybean consumption of 7.4% between 1990 and 2011 with more than 50% of the production gap fi...
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Improving gut function in pigs to prevent pathogen colonization
Intestinal pathogens causing either clinical or sub-clinical infections increase pig morbidity and (or) mortality, resulting in economic losses and wider socio-economic impacts on pig production. An optimally functioning gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is fundamental to combatting intestinal pathoge...
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Weed control in cassava cropping systems
Weed control in cassava fields appears to have received highly variable levels of attention on the different continents where cassava is grown, despite clear messages from farming communities on its importance. Moreover, although grasses and broadleaved weeds are perceived as a major problem in c...
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Food waste at the consumer level
Consumers account for a significant amount of food waste globally. In Europe and North America, for example, half of food losses and waste happens at the consumer level. Researchers have identified a range of causes for consumer food waste. Studies indicate that the social context of food practic...
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The role of technology in monitoring and verifying safety, quality and sustainability in agri-food supply chains
Despite investment in regulatory and private governance approaches, food safety incidents, poor quality products and misleading declarations still occur. This chapter will consider the developing role of technology in monitoring and verifying safety, quality and sustainability in agri-food supply...
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Identifying and managing plant health risks for key african crops: banana and plantain
Many smallholder farmers in humid sub-Saharan Africa rely on bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) as major staple food and income generating crops, with only a negligible portion traded internationally. Banana and plantain production is mainly threatened by various pathogens and pests. This chapter ...
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Instant insights: soil health indicators
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on soil health indicators.
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Key issues facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ: overview of the range of challenges
This chapter reviews the key issues and challenges facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ. Local crop genetic diversity is challenged with changes in land use, urbanization, land degradation, changes in agricultural practises, availability of improved varieties, changes in ...
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Improving the uptake and assimilation of nitrogen in wheat plants
Nitrogen is a critical macronutrient with a major influence on wheat grain yield and end-use quality. The key challenges are to detect and use genetic variability to breed for more efficient wheat varieties. For this, traits related to nitrogen capture by the root system, then nitrogen assimilati...
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Omics technologies for connecting host responses with poultry gut function
Optimal gut function is of importance to the whole metabolism of a chicken and thus also central to efficient feed conversion and optimal meat and egg production. State-of-the-art Omics technologies are currently available to gain a deeper insight into animal physiology. This chapter summarizes t...
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Advances in maize post-harvest management
One of the key constraints to improving food and nutritional security in the developing world is poor post-harvest management, which leads to loss of grains. Improved post-harvest management at farm level is crucial, as it directly impacts on poverty alleviation, food, nutrition and income securi...
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Genetic resistance to viruses in tomato
The cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) constitutes a major agricultural industry: it is grown worldwide and, in terms of vegetable crop production, is only second to potato. Tomato plants show a wide climatic tolerance and are grown in both tropical and temperate regions around the world...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of tree nuts
This collection reviews the wealth of research addressing key issues facing the cultivation of tree nuts. Part 1 discusses the health benefits of tree nuts. Part 2 addresses safety issues. The remaining parts assess advances in breeding, cultivation and the management of pests and diseases.
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Meeting energy requirements in pig nutrition
The level of energy in a pig’s diet influences the rate and efficiency of gain, the quality of the resulting carcass and even the quality of the pork produced from the carcass. However, energy requirements and energy use in pigs are not well understood, due to the complexity of the topic. Unlike ...
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