Collection: Technology & Engineering
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Phytoremediation: advances in soil contaminant immobilization/phytostabilization combining soil amendments and vegetative cover
Remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and metalloids should give priority to risk minimisation by reduction of their bioavailable fraction that poses actual risk. This may be achieved in certain situations, and within a reasonable timespan, using immobilisation/phytostabilization st...
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Developmental influences on pig behaviour
This chapter reviews developmental influences on pig behaviour. It begins by discussing prenatal environmental effects on development of pig behaviour, focusing on aspects such as pre-conception and post-conception environments on offspring and piglet behaviour. It also touches on prenatal housin...
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Instant insights: advances in detecting and forecasting crop pests and diseases
This collection provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in crop pest monitoring and forecasting models. Chapters address emerging technologies in the area, as well as some of the issues and challenges that can arise as a result of implementing particular models.
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Cacao diseases: vascular-streak dieback
‘Vascular-streak dieback’ (VSD) was the name given to a devastating disease of cacao, first described in Papua New Guinea in the 1960s and later found to be caused by a previously undescribed tullasneloid basidiomycete, Oncobasidium theobromae (now Ceratobasidium theobromae). This chapter describ...
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Modelling biodiversity in agriculture
Models have been widely used in agricultural science to understand complexity, predict the consequence of change and extend knowledge to new scales. ‘Crop modelling’ began in the 1960s and is now well advanced and applied globally, but is restricted to a few economic species. More recently, model...
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Specialty coffees as drivers of change
This chapter reviews the role and importance of specialty coffees. It looks at the emergence of the sector and issues of definition, whether in terms of sensory quality attributes such as a unique flavor, geographical origin or methods of production. As well as factors affecting pricing, it revie...
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Advances in the use of robots in field crop cultivation
This chapter reviews the use of robots in field crop cultivation. The chapter begins by providing an overview of current requirements for robots involved in field cultivation, then goes on to describe enabling technologies for in-field robots. The chapter also provides several examples of in fiel...
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Optimising aquaculture/aquaponics in urban agriculture: developing rooftop water farms
Fresh fish and fresh vegetables harvested directly from the roof, produced with treated wastewater from the building. This is the vision of the Roof water-farm (RWF) Project. This chapter describes how the project has developed by combining a range of existing technologies such as new housing des...
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Diseases affecting wheat: tan spot
Tan spot is a major fungal disease of wheat worldwide and a significant economic challenge facing growers. Here, we summarise common disease management strategies, including cultural practices, fungicide control and varietal resistance. We review the host–pathogen interaction and genetics of dise...
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Soil organic carbon sequestration and climate change
Anthropogenic activities, in particular the burning of fossil fuels and land use changes, have resulted in a substantial increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere, which are causing measurable climate change. Climate change directly affects agricultural production and food security th...
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Assessing pig genetic diversity
The preservation of genetic diversity is particularly important because human selection processes have resulted in a small number of commercial breeds and a large number of small, residual populations. This chapter looks at ways of analyzing pig genetic diversity. It then reviews what these techn...
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Plantain (plantago lanceolata): from weed to multi-functional component in sustainable dairy-farm systems
This chapter explores the potential of narrow-leaved plantain (ribgrass, Plantago lanceolata L.) to perform a range of roles in promoting more sustainable pasture-based livestock systems. The chapter begins by looking more broadly at the challenge of nitrogen losses from grazed pastures. This pro...
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Use of antimicrobials in poultry processing plants: the case of the united states
Poultry is one of the most consumed meats in the United States, and processors strive to provide consumers with safe and wholesome products. Consequently, poultry processors are challenged to reduce the abundance of pathogens such as Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni in raw poultry products. De...
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Carbon management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems: carbon sequestration rates
The adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) and the maintenance of crop residues on the soil surface result in the long-term increase of carbon (C) in the system, promoting C sequestration and reducing C-CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. The present study conducted in subtropical and tropical re...
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Climate change and tropical forests
Climate change is a major global challenge. In recent decades, tropical forests have contributed to greenhouse gas emissions due to deforestation and forest degradation, but intact and recovering forests are taking up carbon and the contribution of tropical forests to the global carbon cycle is c...
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Grasslands in new zealand: challenges and solutions
Grassland farming has continued to support the lifestyle and growth of New Zealand since the first shipments of frozen products to Britain in 1882. Its importance remains relevant to the wealth of New Zealand, as a major trading nation in high quality dairy, sheep meat and deer products, with a r...
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Improving the processing quality of wheat
This book reviews the wealth of research on how key components of wheat grains can affect the subsequent processing and sensory quality of the harvested product. The book also discusses recent advances in measuring wheat quality characteristics and how grain quality can be optimised for a range o...
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Achieving sustainable production of pig meat volume 3
Maintaining animal health and high standards of animal welfare are seen as key to sustainable livestock production. This volume reviews the effective management of diseases affecting pigs as well as ways of defining and promoting animal welfare in pig production.
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Advances in understanding root development in forest trees
In forest ecosystems, root systems represent up to 40% of the biomass, and around 75% of the annual net primary production is allocated to the fine root component (roots with a diameter of less than 2 mm). Fine roots are involved in nutrition, whereas coarse roots (more than 2 mm in diameter) con...
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Using crop residues/by-products as livestock feed in a circular economy
In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the nutrient profile of commonly used by-product feeds, how they are generated, and the limitations associated with their use in animal rations. We will focus on dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) because of its use across different lives...
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Modeling climate change impact on agro-ecosystem services
Agricultural landscapes are critical to producing food, and other ecosystem services - the vital benefits that flow from ecosystems to people. This chapter reviews how multiple ecosystem services may be impacted by climate change, broadly concluding that most impacts tend to be negative both on s...
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Swapwofost: a combined ecohydrological and crop growth simulation model
The ecohydrological and crop growth simulation model combination SwapWofost is a model that can be used for crop simulation when detailed soil moisture processes, such as for example capillairy rise, salination, etc., have to be considered. It has been succesfully used in the Netherlands, Argenti...
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The use of plant bioactive compounds to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from farmed ruminants
This chapter focuses on the opportunity to use plant bioactive compounds in ruminant diets for their potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, particularly enteric methane. Nitrous oxide emissions related to urinary nitrogen waste are addressed when information is available. The main famili...
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Caseins and casein micelles
Caseins play a central role in the dairy sector, as it is their controlled coagulation that allows the conversion of milk into cheese, yoghurt and caseinates, but also the creation of high-quality co-products from whey. Understanding caseins, their association into casein micelles and the propert...
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Climate change and water resources for agriculture
Population growth and climate change increasingly challenge water supply systems, and population dynamics, growing demands, pollution, land use changes and other factors frequently produce the failure of some water supply systems. Climate change is believed to augment the existing pressure on wat...
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The use of prebiotics to optimize gut function in pigs
Colonization of the porcine gut microbiota commences after birth; however, this development is interrupted at weaning, rendering the piglet vulnerable to enteric disease. Dietary supplementation of non-digestible oligosaccharides can contribute to the stabilization of gut homeostasis by promotion...
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Instant insights: carbon monitoring and management in forests
This book discusses the utilisation of tropical and temperate forests as tools for monitoring and managing carbon. The book also considers how agroforestry systems can be utilised to improve soil fertility, food security and land restoration.
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Management of water resources for grasslands
Grasslands support essential food and fibre production, biodiversity, and water function and other ecosystem services. Planted or native grasslands are typically located on drier, steeper or less fertile areas of any region. This chapter discusses water requirements of temperate pastures, monit...
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Conserving and characterizing the genetic diversity of grain legumes
An increase in the production and marketing of grain legumes would help to diversify diets and improve human nutrition, as well as contributing to the sustainability of cropping systems and long- term soil health. However, the projected impacts of climate change and the current local adaptation ...
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Advances in understanding and improving the use of enzymes in broiler nutrition
The supplementation of exogenous enzymes in diets is a common practice in the poultry industry. Different enzymes are used to target specific substrates: phytase acts on phytate, protease acts on proteins of peptides, xylanase acts on arabinoxylan, and amylase acts on starch. The utilization of t...
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Bioactive/nutraceutical compounds in fruit that optimize human health benefits
In the past decade, numerous reports demonstrate that high consumption of fruits and vegetables is beneficial for health, being associated with a reduced risk of degenerative diseases. This chapter provides a brief description of the chemistry of bioactive compounds (BCs) and their presence in te...
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Understanding and improving water-use efficiency and drought resistance in tomato
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is both a well-established genetic model for plant biology and a horticultural cash crop of increasing importance to human nutrition. Tomato is mainly cultivated under irrigated conditions, so water use is of considerable significance for healthy plant growth ...
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Women smallholder farmers and the achievement of the un sustainable development goals
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are internationally agreed aspirations to guide political action and development efforts until 2030. The guiding questions for this chapter were two-directional: What is the relevance of the SDGs for smallholder women? And, what do smallholder wome...
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Functional–structural plant modeling of plants and crops
Crop models have been instrumental in predicting yields in wide ranges of current and future environmental conditions. However, they encounter problems in representing spatial heterogeneity of a plant stand and the associated plant responses to local conditions, as well as in simulating the effec...
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Sustainable management of tropical plantation forests
Global forest plantation areas increased from 17.8 million hectares in 1980 to 278.0 million hectares in 2015, an increase of about 1,462.0% within 35 years. The tropical region recorded the highest increase of 8.17% between 2010 and 2015. Forest plantations contribute significantly in meeting th...
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Biodiversity management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems
Biodiversity in agriculture is one of the most effective ways to achiebe sustainable crop production without damaging the environment. This chapter reviews biodiversity management practices and benefits in Conservation Agriculture systems. After looking at the importance of soil microorganisms, t...
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Alternative sources of protein for poultry nutrition
Soya bean and canola meal are the conventional ingredients used to provide protein in poultry feed. However, they are relatively expensive and must be imported to many poultry-producing areas. Developing alternative protein sources for poultry nutrition will reduce the pressure on these key prote...
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The synergism of biocontrol and plant resistance: a path to advance ipm to higher levels of integration
This chapter reviews the future evolution of integrated pest management (IPM). It identifies the ways modern agriculture has disrupted plant defences and the control of pests by their natural enemies. The chapter discusses ways of restoring and enhancing these controls both through breeding and t...
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Economic considerations for the development of a carbon farming scheme
This chapter presents the current state of carbon markets and some of the challenges faced by individual producers, private companies and governments interested in carbon farming. The chapter identifies the two primary payment design mechanisms proposed for carbon payments and the complexities fa...
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Ensuring pig feed safety
This chapter covers the safety of feed for pigs. Reducing the risk of biological hazards in feed manufacturing facilities is an important part of the complete biosecurity plan for livestock producers. Research in the past several years has demonstrated the ability of pathogens to survive in feed ...
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Advances in precision livestock farming techniques for monitoring dairy cattle welfare
This chapter reviews advances in precision livestock farming techniques for monitoring dairy cattle welfare. It begins by describing the potential of PLF technology linked to the Five Domains framework, then goes into more detail by focusing on the use of precision livestock farming techniques fo...
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Strengthening commercial extension systems for smallholders
When examining opportunities to strengthen commercial extension systems for smallholders, it is important to answer the question: to what end. This chapter puts forward the argument that in addition to supporting adoption of commercial technologies and increasing yields on select crops purchased ...
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Applications and advances in using phospholipid fatty acids (plfas) as biomarkers in analysing soil microbial communities
Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis is a widely used biomarker-based method for assessing microbial community structure and soil health. This technique provides insights into microbial biomass, community composition, and physiological status by extracting and analyzing microbial lipids from s...
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Using life cycle assessment to compare intensive versus extensive agricultural systems
The number of life cycle assessment (LCA) and LCA-based footprint studies comparing food products coming from different agricultural production systems, reflecting different production intensities, is rapidly growing providing an increasing amount of data for further analyses. This chapter examin...
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Genetics and genomics of immunity and disease traits in poultry species
A major current challenge in achieving sustainable poultry production is reducing risk to animal and human health. Strategies to control poultry diseases utilise selective breeding to enhance immunity and disease resistance. However, immune and disease resistance traits are difficult to measure, ...
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Improving smallholder dairy farming in tropical asia
This chapter reviews the importance of smallholder dairy farmers in Asia. It assesses their needs and the obstacles they face in improving dairy production. The chapter discusses ways of benchmarking performance and examples of initiatives to support smallholders. It identifies both constraints f...
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Parasites affecting poultry
Parasitic infections and infestations are a major challenge to poultry production worldwide. This chapter comprehensively surveys parasites affecting poultry, divided into the broad categories of protozoa, flagellates and worms as well as arthropods including lice, bedbugs, flies, beetles, mites,...
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Instant insights: mite pests in agriculture
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on mite pests in agriculture.
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Foundations of an ipm program: detection, identification, and quantification
Integration of pest management efforts based on advanced technologies and multiple pest assessments in multi-field and areawide venues has led to a host of sophisticated approaches that continue to shape the discipline of integrated pest management (IPM). From the initial efforts, the concept of ...
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Advances in bulk storage of cereals and grains
This chapter reviews key research and best practice on the design and construction of silos, horizontal building structures and on-the-ground piles as methods of bulk grain storage. The chapter also discusses the range of preventative strategies for preserving grain quality (such as sealing and a...
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Conservation agriculture for sustainable intensification of maize and other cereal systems: the case of latin america
Latin American agriculture faces many challenges, including extensive soil degradation and the prospect of increasing rainfall variability due to climate change. Conservation agriculture offers a way of responding to these challenges through improved management practices to prevent further soil d...
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Improving market access for smallholders
This chapter reviews improving market access for smallholders. It begins by highlighting the challenges faced by smallholders when trying to access markets and moves on to review findings from recent studies on policy interventions to improve access to markets. The chapter concludes by addressing...
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Cocoa sustainability initiatives: the impacts of cocoa sustainability initiatives in west africa
Sustainability initiatives, including associations, platforms and networks, voluntary sustainability standards, corporate and non-governmental and civil society initiatives, have all been developed as solutions to the multiple, long-running challenges facing cocoa growers and producers. Largely i...
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Innovations in forest harvesting technology
Forest harvesting is an essential component of sustainable forestry to ensure the maintenance of forest productivity. Increasing demand for forest product quantity and quality, shifting forest workforce composition and expectations, and rising environmental concerns are driving changes in current...
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Biological indicators in laboratory-based soil health testing programmes
Ways of improving soil health are increasingly seen as central to sustainable crop production. However, sustainable soil management clearly requires accurate, standardized and accessible ways to measure and monitor soil health that can be used by farmers. There is a need to translate measures of ...
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Mapping and exploiting the tea genome
Long-term cross-pollination has produced considerable heritable variation within and between populations of the tea plant and related species, resulting in a high level of genetic diversity. A good understanding and management of this pool of genetic diversity is of vital importance for crop impr...
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Optimising reproductive management to maximise dairy herd health and production
Reproduction is central to the operation of a dairy herd through initiating lactation and providing replacement animals and offspring for sale. This chapter outlines the steps required to detect reproductive problems and limitations in cows and herds. It then elaborates some strategies to overcom...
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Food safety management on farms producing beef
The production of safe, high-quality beef requires both good farming practices and additional measures targeted against specific hazards to human or animal health. This chapter provides an overview of good farming practices for beef cattle farms, with particular discussion of biosecurity, animal ...
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Bacterial and viral diseases affecting soybean production
Pathogens of soybean include bacteria, fungi, nematodes, oomycetes, parasitic plants and viruses. Losses due to diseases are estimated to be about 14% of total soybean production. In this chapter, we review bacterial blight, pustule, tan spot and wilt, as well as a few other bacterial diseases af...
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Pesticide use and biodiversity in soils
Pesticides are applied to agricultural systems in high quantities relative to other synthetic compounds and therefore have considerable effects on soil microbial communities and their functions. Although pesticides undergo considerable evaluation for efficacy in controlling target pests in agroec...
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Nutritional composition and the value of pig meat
Pork is a commonly consumed protein source which contributes various macro- and micronutrients to the diet of people living in the United States, some positively and negatively influencing indices of human health. This book chapter provides data about the nutritional content and current intakes o...
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Microbial protein metabolism in the monogastric gastrointestinal tract: a review
Dietary and endogenous protein that become available for the microbiota in the hindgut can be metabolized via different routes. They can become building blocks for the microbial cells or enter different catabolic pathways. Protein degradation via fermentation pathways is seen as a non-preferred r...
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Instant insights: zero/no-till cultivation
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the implementation of zero/no-till cultivation practices across agriculture and the consequent effects on soil health, productivity and other soil functions.
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The rumen wall microbiota community
The rumen microbes are usually divided into three distinct groups based on their habitats: the planktonic microbiota, feed particle associated microbiota, and the epimural microbiota. Among these three groups of microorganisms, the epimural community is the least studied and understood. Although ...
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Mycorrhizae and soil health
Mycorrhizal fungi establish symbiotic associations with roots of ~80% of plant families and have an important role in sustaining plant growth and soil health. This chapter explores the diverse roles of mycorrhizal fungi in mediating soil ecosystem services and improving soil health, including agg...
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Developing effective product dossiers for regulatory approval of new animal feed products
This chapter describes the key steps in compiling product dossiers required to gain regulatory approval for new animal feed products. As an example, the chapter describes the data needed for a feed additive dossier in the European Union (EU) as mandated by the European Food Standards Agency (EFSA).
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Factors affecting the colour and texture of pig meat
In pork, colour and texture are the two most significant factors influencing consumer perceptions of quality. It is therefore important to understand the many factors that can affect pork colour and texture, because these factors influence purchasing decisions. Furthermore, those in charge of mar...
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Advances in microbial control in integrated pest management: entomopathogenic fungi
The use of entomopathogenic fungi to control insect pests has been expanding in recent years, with improvements in formulation and more extensive commercialization. However, there are still limitations on their effectiveness in some situations. Combining entomopathogenic fungi with other control ...
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Defining and ensuring animal welfare in pig production: an overview
Raising pigs for consumption involves the exercise of control over the quality and duration of their lives, and it is widely accepted that there is a duty to exercise this control humanely. This chapter begins by reviewing three conceptual frameworks which can be used to consider and assess anima...
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Proximal crop sensing
Today’s farmers are increasingly reliant on sensors for their farming operations. This chapter addresses the use of proximal sensors to evaluate a crop during the growing season. After briefly discussing the importance of sensors in modern farming and the crop properties which are of interest, we...
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Improving potato cultivation to promote food self-sufficiency in africa
Demand for potato in sub-Saharan Africa is growing, but the projected growth in demand is not matched by the projected growth rate in local potato production. An interplay of factors ensure the production gains achieved are small and slow. This chapter reviews the current state of potato producti...
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A holistic approach to sustainable agriculture: trees, science and global society
Despite great advances in our understanding of the environmental, social and economic role of trees in farming systems, much remains to be done, especially regarding the wider adoption of agroforestry and its up- and out-scaling. This chapter explores the relationship between trees, science and g...
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Integrated pest management and biological pest control strategies in mango cultivation
Integrated pest management (IPM) is the compatible use of various methods to control pests; methods include biological control, cultural control and chemical control. Chemical control should be used as a last resort and should be restricted to selective and less disruptive insecticides. This chap...
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Improving soil health and crop nutrition in oil palm cultivation
Soil health is increasingly regarded as a key factor in oil palm nutrition and productivity. This chapter presents the current state of knowledge about soil and nutrient management through several examples of efficient and productive oil palm cultivation. The chapter highlights the challenges whi...
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The use of agronomic practices in integrated pest management programmes in horticulture
IPM promotes the design of resilient systems that reduce both pest attacks and damage to cultivated plants. It is based on practices that foster plant tolerance and the control of pests by their natural enemies. The challenge is to combine those practices in a coherent system that should associat...
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Achieving net zero dairy farming
This book provides a detailed insight into the fundamental processes within the dairy cow and on dairy farms that contribute to and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the strategies that can be implemented to reduce the sector’s carbon footprint.
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Improving the breeding, cultivation and use of sweetpotato in africa
Sweetpotato is a low-input crop with significant potential for improving public health and nutrition and developing food security in sub-Saharan Africa. This chapter examines the nutritional contribution made by OFSP (orange-fleshed sweetpotato) in poor rural communities in Malawi, Ghana, Nigeria...
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Good agricultural practices for maize cultivation: the case of west africa
Maize is the most important staple food crop for over 300 million people in sub-Saharan Africa but poor management practices and problems related to climate and soil quality mean that yields regularly fall below what is needed to feed the population. This chapter describes the effect of poor soil...
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Natural antifungal compounds for the control of diseases in wheat and other cereals
Secondary metabolites are essential when considering the ecological context in which an organism operates. They have an array of functions, related to signalling and dealing with biotic and abiotic stress situations. For defence against pathogenic fungi, plants can synthesize various metabolites....
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Enhancing the nutritional profile of eggs
The nutrients contained within the table egg can be easily modified or enhanced through the hen’s diet. As such, the egg represents an economically viable functional food that can be utilized to deliver potent bio-active components into the human diet. In this chapter, we review the major targets...
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Microarthropods as soil health indicators
This chapter briefly summarizes current knowledge on microarthropod abundance and diversity in soils, their roles in soil processes and ecosystem services, and the agricultural management practices affecting soil microarthropod community. It also provides an overview of sampling, extraction and i...
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Advances in understanding species ecology: phenological and life cycle modeling of insect pests
The modeling of insect phenology has been an important component of IPM decision support systems for several decades. This chapter describes general concepts and methods of the systems approach using applied phenology modeling as an example. The authors outline the steps of model construction fro...
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Advances in guide rna design for editing plant genomes using crispr-cas systems
This chapter discusses the general rules for selecting target sites for genome editing using the CRISPR-Cas technology and summarizes the bioinformatic tools that can be used to design sgRNA sequences.
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Disease management in poultry flocks
Diseases in intensive poultry flocks may occur due to viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, metazoan or arthropod infections or infestations. This chapter describes disease preventative measures, health monitoring and disease investigation techniques, and the management of sick meat chicken flocks...
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Developments in fractionation methods to improve extraction of aleurone or its beneficial compounds from wheat grain
In wheat grains, the aleurone layer is located between the peripheral tissues and the starchy endosperm and is rich in soluble proteins, minerals, lipids, vitamins and micronutrients and contains several compounds with antioxidant activities. However, along grain fractionation it is mainly recove...
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Advances in pest-resistant varieties of soybean
A number of insect pests have been threatening soybean production in North America, including lepidopteran defoliators, coleopteran defoliators and hemipteran sapsuckers. Among various control methods, host-plant resistance has been of the greatest interest as it is economically and environmental...
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Developing decision support systems for optimizing livestock diets in farms
Provision of safe and affordable food is in increasing demand. Society is also concerned about animal welfare and environmental problems caused by livestock. Balancing these conflicting objectives is a challenge, which requires multidisciplinary research to overcome. This chapter reviews the evol...
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Developments in agrivoltaics: achieving synergies by combining plants with solar photovoltaic power systems
Agrivoltaics are renewable energy systems that combine food production with electricity generation from solar photovoltaics (PV). Research and development on agrivoltaics has increased steadily in recent years to address the questions: "How is crop production affected under PV panels?" and "How c...
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Benefits of conservation agriculture to farmers and society
Conservation Agriculture (CA) describes farming systems where the soil is not tilled, crop residues remain on the soil surface, and crop rotation is practised. CA emulates as closely as possible natural vegetation systems. This chapter presents the benefits of CA to farmers and society. The first...
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Understanding poultry social behaviour and its impact on animal welfare
Sociality was a prerequisite for domestication that allowed animals to remain in groups under human custody. The social group provides opportunities to find food, protection from predation or weather conditions. However, highly dense or large groups normally found in production environment, may i...
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Doubled haploid production in wheat
A doubled haploid is a genotype formed from haploid (n) cells through random chromosome doubling or artificially induced chromosome doubling methods. In vitro haploid production followed by chromosome doubling greatly enhances the production of homozygous wheat lines in a single generation and in...
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Assessing and managing the environmental and social impact of coffee production
This chapter reviews ways of measuring and improving the sustainability of coffee production systems, including good agricultural practices (GAP), life cycle assessment (LCA), ways of calculating the carbon footprint of coffee as well as methods for assessing social impacts. It also discusses way...
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Integrated disease management of barley
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production and protection that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use of pesticides. This chapter looks at how IPM can be applied to barley production, considering the diff...
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Assessing the environmental impact and sustainability of apple cultivation
The environmental impact of apple production is determined by regional enviro-pedo-climatic features and socio-political factors, but can also be managed through cultivation practices and inputs. Pesticides typically have the greatest environmental impact, but energy use from operating machinery ...
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Instant insights: fungicide resistance in cereals
This book reviews the development of resistance to the core group of fungicides used throughout global crop production. Chapters explore the mechanisms of resistance, as well as the challenges facing future fungicide development.
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Breeding barley for durable resistance to net and spot forms of net blotch
This chapter focuses on breeding barley for durable resistance to net and spot forms of net blotch. It starts by reviewing how Pyrenophora teres f. teres can cause net form net blotch. The chapter then goes on to examine the molecular markers that can be identified to provide resistances to net f...
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Nutrient requirements of broilers: an overview of factors affecting feed formulation
The information available on the nutrient requirements of broilers to maximize production or economics returns, is abundant but the data are often inconsistent because of factors such as the methodology used to estimate bird requirements and the differences in the nutritional value attributed to ...
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Thermal weed control in conservation agriculture systems
The pursuit of sustainable agriculture has elevated the importance of Conservation Agriculture (CA) systems, which emphasize minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and maximum biodiversity/crop rotations. Traditional weed control methods, often reliant on chemical herbicides, face increa...
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Leveraging the qtlome to enhance climate change resilience in cereals
Global food security relies on the release of cultivars more resilient to the negative effects of abiotic stress caused by climate change. Attaining this daunting goal will require a substantial increase in selection gain achieved so far with conventional breeding. To this end, the identification...
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Chemical composition of coffee beans: an overview
This chapter provides an overview of the composition of green coffee beans and the changes associated with roasting and beverage production. The chapter focusses principally, but not exclusively, on more recent advances related to the major chemical components of coffee such as the chlorogenic ac...
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