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Metabolomics as a powerful tool for coffee authentication
Detecting fraudulent adulteration of coffee is essential for both the industry and legislative authorities. Both parties are accountable for establishing quality standards through labelling, composition regulations and routine evaluation protocols to circumvent unfair competition among manufactur...
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Welfare of weaned piglets
Demands for improved animal welfare and animal handling systems from governments, non-government organizations and consumers are increasing. The weaning period in pork production has particular potential to positively impact animals. This chapter focuses on current practices that can be detriment...
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Optimizing disease management in fruit cultivation
Sustainable management of plant diseases is a perennial challenge for pome fruit and stone fruit producers in humid regions throughout the world. Delayed orchard profitability, decreased orchard longevity, reduction in fruit quality and unsalable fruit caused by fungal and bacterial diseases of t...
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Sustainable arthropod management for apples
Management of apple pests is a necessary and challenging part of crop production. Cosmetic and phytosanitary standards entail management of key pests to very low levels which are biologically difficult to sustain. This chapter begins by covering key pests. Such pests drive integrated pest manag...
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The role of crop rotation, intercropping and tillage practices for foliar disease management of wheat and barley
The great majority of modern agro-ecosystems comprise rotations of a small number of crop species where each year’s crop is a genetically uniform monoculture. The narrow genetic basis for disease resistance in modern cultivars increases the potential for pathogens to overcome this resistance and ...
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Quinone outside inhibitor fungicide resistance: selection patterns and the current situation
This chapter focuses on Qol fungicide resistance, specifically drawing attention to selection patterns and the current situation of Qol resistance. The chapter begins by describing the history of resistance and resistance mechanisms, then goes on to provide three case studies to describe differen...
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The role of egg turning in embryo development
This chapter examines the role of egg turning in embryo development. The chapter identifies the four main aspects of turning deemed crucial to successful integration. It first focuses on turning during the egg storage period, then moves on to highlight critical periods during the incubation perio...
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Integrated weed management in coffee production
Coffee plants show very low initial growth rates and are usually grown in large-spacing inter-rows, which makes the crop highly sensitive to weed species competition. Therefore, the weeds must be efficiently managed. Considering that coffee is grown in many different production-systems worldwide,...
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Improving the cultivation of pigeonpea
Production of pigeonpea is constrained by agronomic management techniques such as improper methods of sowing, incorrect sowing time, inadequate seed rate, insufficient weeding, imbalance of fertilization, inadequate intercultural operations, insufficient irrigation and inadequate use of fertilize...
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Understanding and optimizing the use of exogenous enzymes in pig nutrition
For more than 30 years, feed enzymes have been used to reduce ration formulation costs by saving on costly nutrients. In this chapter, the authors discuss how the enzymatic capacity of neonate and mature pigs can be augmented through the addition of protease and amylase in respect to the contrast...
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Organic grassland
Organic farming makes up an increasing share of agricultural and food systems. Within organic agriculture, grasslands are of particular importance because of their multiple benefits to soils, crops, livestock and ecosystems. In this chapter, we review the multifunctionality of grasslands in the c...
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Cultural techniques to control weeds in conservation agriculture systems
Weeds pose significant challenges limiting productivity and profitability in agricultural production systems. Properly managing these plants is fundamental in developing Conservation Agriculture systems, and incorporating ecological concepts must base a weed management program. Cultural practices...
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Pesticide residues in tea: challenges in detection and control
Tea growers require pesticides to prevent crop loss due to pest attacks, which are aggravated by climate change. As pesticides invariably leave residues, it is of utmost importance that samples of traded tea are monitored to ensure compliance to food safety standards. This chapter reviews researc...
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Biological indicators of soil health in organic cultivation
This chapter reviews the range of physical, chemical and biological indicators of soil health and how they can be used in practice, in this case focussing on measuring soil health in organic vegetable cultivation and, in particular, the effects of adding organic amendments to soil. Measures inclu...
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A balanced approach to commercial poultry breeding
Balanced selection aims to move all of the relevant traits of a breed in the direction of the preferred response. This approach takes into account performance traits of growth, yield and feed conversion, but also gives weight to fitness traits such as fertility, hatchability and early chick survi...
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Control of rodent pests in maize cultivation: the case of africa
Rodents cause significant damage to maize at sowing, seedling and maturity stages . The major rodent pest species of maize in Africa are Mastomys and Arvicanthis spp. Rodent management programmes in this continent have been reactive but have not considered the population ecology of the target spe...
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Assessing the sustainability of organic egg production
Organic food production has increased in popularity in the last few decades, although it still remains a small portion of global food production. As questions arise about the sustainability of conventional egg production systems with regard to environmental protection and animal welfare, there ha...
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Genomic selection, gene editing and genetic engineering for drought tolerance in cereals
This chapter provides the state of the art on genomic prediction of estimated breeding values (GEBV) for selection (or genomic selection) as well as on the use of genetic engineering for both gene editing and transgenic breeding in main cereals crops. Genomic selection has been successfully used ...
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Improving welfare assessment indicators and protocols for poultry
There have been considerable advances in welfare assessment in the past decades. This chapter explains some of the terminology related to welfare assessment and why the emphasis is moving towards including indicators of poultry welfare taken on the birds themselves rather than from the environmen...
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Micronutrients: advances in understanding manganese cycling in soils, acquisition by plants and ways of optimizing manganese efficiency in crops
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms acting as a metal co-factor for approximately 6% of all known metalloenzymes. Photosynthesis is very sensitive to disturbances in plant availability of Mn, and both Mn deficiency and toxicity lead to distinct disturbances withi...
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Strengthening public-sector extension systems for smallholder farmers in kenya
This chapter discusses key issues and challenges in public extension services for smallholders and how challenges have been addressed. The discussion is made with particular reference to experiences in disseminating Conservation Agriculture-based technologies and practices generated from the Sust...
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Genetics and other factors affecting intestinal microbiota and function in poultry
The diverse intestinal microbiota of poultry plays critical roles in determining feed utilization, health, and diseases. A comprehensive understanding of how various factors shape the intestinal microbiota in poultry can help develop new dietary and managerial interventions to enhance bird growth...
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Moving up the scale: challenges in tropical agroforestry
From its early beginnings, agroforestry has moved from a ‘technology in search of a problem’ to a principal solution to critical global agendas, including climate-smart agriculture, agroecological intensification, land rehabilitation and payment for ecosystem services. This chapter addresses the ...
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Improving supply chains to prevent food losses and waste: an overview
Wasting food is unsustainable from environmental, economic, social and ethical points of view. Curbing food losses and waste (FLW) amount would improve food chain sustainability and contribute to food security. For that, reducing FLW is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG...
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Advances in marker-assisted breeding of sugarcane
Sugarcane breeding has until very recently been based solely on phenotype, and marker-assisted breeding of sugarcane remains in its infancy compared with that of row crops such as maize and soybean. A major reason for this is the complex genetics of sugarcane. This chapter reviews the uses of DNA...
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Strategies and solutions to reduce emissions from layer production systems in europe
This chapter focuses on the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), ammonia, particulate matter (PM), odours and volatile organic compounds from layer production systems. It discusses the types of emissions and the factors affecting them. The chapter then provides an overview of the options to miti...
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Organic fertilizers and biofertilizers
In recent years, both in the European Union and in the world, there has been intense development of organic agriculture, whose aim is to produce high-quality crops and healthy food while maintaining the biological balance of agroecosystems. An alternative to chemical fertilizers are products of n...
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Advances in understanding cognition and learning in cattle
Understanding the cognitive capacities of cattle is central when designing husbandry environments and developing handling regimes. This chapter outlines the current knowledge on cattle learning and cognition, with special emphasis on their socio-cognitive capacities. Cattle easily learn features ...
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Microbiological services delivered by the pig gut microbiome
The gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in regulating pig health and growth. Understanding the functions performed by the microbiome is vital when considering it as a target to improve pig health and growth, a pursuit driven by the increasing regulation of traditional means of disease control...
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Advanced detection technologies for weed scouting
This chapter discusses advanced detection technologies for weed scouting. It starts by highlighting the current techniques that can be used to make optimising herbicide treatments more efficient, such as on-ground and remotely-sensed weed detection. The chapter then goes on to discuss the replace...
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The challenge of monitoring biodiversity in agricultural landscapes at the eu level
This chapter reviews current surveys of biodiversity in agricultural areas at the EU level. The chapter describes established surveys, ongoing pilots and plans for new surveys at the EU scale. The chapter assesses where we will stand in the short-medium term with our knowledge of agro-biodiversit...
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Advances in understanding the role of the soil microbiome’s effects on nitrogen cycling
Understanding the soil microbiomes function is critical for the sustainable provision of food and fibre and the prevention of undesirable environmental impacts. Nitrogen, an essential element for agricultural production, is cycled through the soil-plant continuum by the soil microbiome. Discrete ...
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Instant insights: alternatives to antibiotics in pig production
This collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on alternatives to antibiotics in pig production.
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Soil and nutrient management in grain legume cultivation
Due to their role in improving soil fertility, grain legumes can be integrated into farming systems as part of soil fertility management. This offers a potential pathway towards sustainable intensification. In this chapter we focus on how to maximize biological nitrogen fixation and yields of gra...
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Community-based management of tropical forests: lessons learned and implications for sustainable forest management
Community-based forest management (CBFM), also known as community forestry, social forestry, joint forest management or participatory forestry, has emerged in response to the concern that centralized forest ownership in most developing countries has failed to promote sustainable forest management...
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Developments in algal processing
Macroalgae and microalgae, including cyanobacteria, are primarily photosynthetic organisms grown for the production of renewable biomass for foods, feedstocks, and high-value specialty chemicals. While there are differences in cultivating and harvesting macro- and microalgae due to scale, many of...
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The role of the dairy matrix in the contribution of milk and dairy products to the human diet
Milk and dairy products are an important part of the daily diet in many regions of the world due to their recognised contribution to the recommended intake of a variety of valuable nutrients, the amount of energy (calories) they provide and their ability to compensate for foods in the diet with l...
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State of the art in agri-food supply chain infrastructure design
Globalization, urbanization, and advances in the agricultural industry have put agri-food supply chain management (AFSCM), including agri-food chains and their associated organizations, on the agenda today. The main purpose of this study is to present the current developments in the literature by...
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Genetic and phenotypic improvements in temperate dairy systems: an overview
In the past 50 years, the dairy industry has benefitted from major advances in management, nutrition practices, reproductive technologies, and genetic selection. The refinement of selection indices over time has been shown to be an effective way to make progress on a variety of economically impor...
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Beef carcass grading and classification
This chapter reviews the three main beef carcass grading or classification systems used across three continents. These are used for a large proportion of beef production and processing in the world. One is the ‘EUROP’ system for EU countries, another is the USDA Beef Carcass Grading system in the...
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Prevention and control of parasitic helminths in dairy cattle: key issues and challenges
Parasitic helminth infections are one of the most important causes of production loss in livestock worldwide. Grazing dairy cattle are exposed to various worm species, all of which can affect health, welfare and productivity to varying degrees. For several decades, helminth control relied primari...
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Life cycle assessment (lca) of intensive poultry production systems
Life cycle assessment provides a useful tool for identifying where significant improvements can be made to achieve environmental sustainability in agricultural production. Potential strategies for improving the environmental performance of intensive poultry systems are discussed in this chapter. ...
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Allelopathic weed control in conservation agriculture systems
Allelopathy involves release of chemicals from plant roots that can inhibit or promote the growth of other organisms. Allelopathic interactions can be exploited to control weeds in agroecosystems. Conservation Agriculture (CA) characterized by minimum tillage, soil cover, and diversified crop rot...
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Poultry health monitoring and management: bone and skin health in broilers
High lameness and contact dermatitis levels persist within intensively reared broiler flocks; a consequence of long-term genetic selection for ambitious production parameters. Key welfare issues include pain, reduced mobility and increased susceptibility to additional pathologies. Fully understan...
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Recent invasions of insect pests of wheat and sorghum
This chapter provides general description of the invasion and management response of six insects that have affected wheat and other cereal grains: Agriphila aeneociliella Eversmann (Lepid: Crambidae), Metopolophium festucae cerealium Stroyan (Hem: Aphididae), Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymen: Cephida...
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Developments in application technologies for biocontrol agents for pest control
This chapter considers the challenges associated with the use of biocontrol agents in foliar spray applications, including the equipment, spray parameters, formulation and their impact on treatment efficacy. It discusses the various factors that affect effective foliar treatment and provides exam...
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Modifying canopy architecture to optimize photosynthesis in crops
Canopy architecture is described by the quantity and three-dimensional display of leaves in a crop canopy, which determines light interception and subsequent canopy photosynthesis. While many crop canopies were reshaped by selection during the Green Revolution, there is further opportunity for im...
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Insect pests of tea: caterpillars and other seasonal, occasional and minor pests
This chapter focuses on seasonal, occasional and minor pests of tea, which cause damage to tea plants largely through feeding processes. The chapter considers a variety of factors associated with each of these pests, including their geographical distribution, appearance, the damage caused and the...
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An ethical framework for the responsible use of technology in organic dairy farming
Despite its potential benefits, organic farming has a complex relationship with technological innovation which has sometimes been associated with intensive forms of production. This chapter discusses the ways precision and other new technologies can fulfil the core organic values of health, ecolo...
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Instant insights: plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in agriculture.
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The environmental impact of food loss and waste (flw)
This chapter addresses how food loss and waste can impact the environment. It begins by defining what food loss and waste is and provides an overview of how food production can contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The chapter then highlights the problems for food waste accounting and the...
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Introduction: soil carbon sequestration – a process linking soils to humanity
This chapter provides an overview of the contents of the book and highlights key issues in understanding soil carbon sequestration.
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Soil health assessment and maintenance in central and south-central brazil
Brazil has evolved from a food-insecure country in the early 1970s to one of the most important food producers and exporters in the world. Production has increased steadily and productivity gains have fostered a significant land-saving effect. However, wide variations in the landscape, soils, cli...
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Advances in preservation of seed vigour during storage
Anyone acquiring a sample of seeds for growing, would be hopeful that most of the seeds would germinate in a timely manner and regardless of the normal stressors that are apparent in agricultural / horticultural environments, i.e., that the acquired seed lot has high viability and vigour. For see...
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Modeling climate change impacts on crop growth and yield formation
The aim of this chapter is to briefly illustrate current practices in modeling crop yield as a response to climate change and what has been learnt so far, especially in terms of multi-model assessment and comparisons. For additional information, readers are directed to the “Where to look for furt...
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Regional strategies in sustainable water management for irrigation: the eco-efficiency approach
This chapter addresses a variety of challenges associated with regional water management, including the resolution of conflicts between sectors in order to resolve ‘demand versus availability’ equation and the symbiosis needed between agronomy and engineering in order to optimize the performance ...
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The role and management of soil mulch and cover crops in conservation agriculture systems
This chapter discusses the main components of an adequate Conservation Agriculture system and the role of soil mulching within these systems. It highlights the use of different cover crops species to promote live or dead soil mulch cover. The chapter also reviews how cover crops effect aspects su...
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Management of diseases on banana fruit in the field
This chapter outlines the management of bacterial and fungal diseases on banana fruit from a practical and real-life banana farmers perspective and can be used as a guide to identifying diseases occurring on banana fruit. Different options for control and prevention are outlined and discussed fro...
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Breast meat abnormalities associated with ischaemic necrosis: dorsal cranial myopathy and deep pectoral myopathy
Deep pectoral myopathy (DPM) and dorsal cranial myopathy (DCM) have been reported at different processing plants worldwide, causing economic losses due to condemnation or downgrading of carcasses. Both myopathies have split fibres and are associated with ischaemic necrosis, which may indicate a p...
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Instant insights: tropical agroforestry
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on tropical agroforestry.
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Transitioning monocultures to complex forest stands in central europe: principles and practice
The high expectations placed on forests in Europe require an integrative approach to forest management. Heterogeneous mixed-species stands are of special interest as they fulfil many ecosystem services better than monocultures, and consequently homogenous forest stands are now often transformed i...
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Supporting women smallholder farmers: the role of the public and private sectors
This chapter examines the barriers facing women who re smallholder farmers or who produce a niche product on a larger farm. The most critical barrier for women wanting a career in agriculture is a lack of land ownership and the difficulties associated with proving their capacity. Their lack of ac...
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Climate change and cocoa cultivation
Climate change has been projected to impact cocoa production unless cultivation practices are adapted. Guiding effective adaptation is a challenging task because of the high model uncertainty for precipitation which is a vital consideration for cocoa producers. We focus on identifying preconditio...
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The use of agricultural robots in orchard management
The use of robotic or automated machines in orchard operations is associated primarily with insufficient labour availability and rapidly increasing labour costs in tree fruit production and is critical for improving yield of high-quality fruit with minimal dependence on seasonal human labour. Thi...
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Safe and sustainable use of bio-based fertilizers in agricultural production systems
Recycling and/or upcycling of agricultural byproducts containing valuable nutrients back into agricultural systems as bio-based fertilizers can improve the circularity and sustainability of food production. However, in some instances, there may be negative environmental consequences or safety con...
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Developing alternative sources of protein in pig nutrition: insects
Over the past 50 years, global pig production has quadrupled and is predicted to continue to rise. Combined with a changing climate, the pig production industry needs to adopt new feed sources and production systems to remain efficient and sustainable. This chapter reviews the current state of in...
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Welfare issues in poultry housing and management: laying hens
Laying hens produce a large number of eggs on an annual basis. In recent years, permitted housing methods in the EU have changed to enriched cages and cage-free systems (i.e. barn, free-range and organic production methods), but worldwide hens are still also housed in conventional cages. The vari...
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Socio-cultural factors affecting women smallholder farmers’ empowerment in uganda
Promoting women’s empowerment and gender equality plays a key role in accelerating equitable and sustainable agricultural systems in Africa, yet efforts to better integrate women in agricultural development often ignore the underlying social-economic drivers that underpin gender inequalities. Thi...
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Advances in understanding the dynamics of weed communities in integrated weed management systems
The shift towards integrated weed management necessitated by the negative unintended consequences of over-reliance on herbicides is a significant challenge for predicting the dynamics of weed communities. In response to this challenge, the novel approach of applying trait-based methodologies to w...
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Advances in understanding plant root anatomy and nutrient acquisition
In this chapter root anatomical traits and trait states, and nutrient acquisition mechanisms, along with the environmental issues affecting nutrient acquisition are summarized. Then, the whole range of adaptations of root anatomical traits, and its impact on nutrient acquisition are discussed. Co...
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Clay mineral-based additives for the in situ bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated agricultural soils
Agricultural soils can be contaminated with range of pollutants, including heavy metal(loid)s, petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), pesticides, and microplastic. Among them, PHCs are associated with oil handling, nearby mining operations, used tires, surface runoff, and agrochemicals. Bioremediation su...
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The effects of organic management on greenhouse gas emissions and energy efficiency in livestock production
The central objectives of organic farming are reducing external inputs and increasing long-term sustainability. Whilst there may be local improvements in resource efficiency, the extent to which organic livestock systems contribute to net greenhouse gas mitigation and fossil energy efficiency gai...
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Advances in understanding pathogen contamination of eggs
Eggs are considered healthy because they are a source of proteins, vitamins, and unsaturated fatty acids. However, they may also be subject to microbial contamination. Eggs possess numerous antimicrobial self-defence mechanisms, which include mechanical defences such as the cuticle, shell and she...
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Using biological indicators of soil health to assess the impact of particular cropping practices
This review aims to demonstrate the influence of farming systems on biological indicators that are relevant to soil health. Empirical data from published studies informs the hypothetical model that soil health outcomes are related to more diverse cropping systems, coupled with high inputs of orga...
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Ensuring biodiversity in dairy farming
Dairy farming may affect the biodiversity of microbial species, grass or pasture species, soil, native vegetation, and other flora and fauna on the farm itself. It can also affect aquatic, downstream estuarine and coastal biodiversity because of the nutrients, pesticides and sediments transported...
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Integrated pest management in wheat cultivation
This chapter provides an overview of integrated pest management (IPM) in wheat cultivation. IPM uses biological, cultural and chemical methods in a compatible way. A wide variety of biological control agents contribute to pest control in wheat and successful IPM strategies require looking at the ...
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The banana weevil borer
This chapter discusses the impact of the banana weevil borer (Banana black weevil), Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). It provides an overview of the spread of the pest, its life cycle and the impact on plant health and yields. The chapter then discusses control mea...
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Control of rodent pests in rice cultivation
Rodents cause significant damage to rice crops at all stages. The intensity of rice cropping and the level of asynchrony of cropping affects the level of rodent losses. It is important to understand the biology of rodent species causing damage in order to develop appropriate management strategies...
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Urban agriculture and local communities: encouraging engagement, building cohesion, and linking to global agreements
Urban agriculture (UA) is more than just the growth of food and raising of animals in urban and peri-urban spaces. It brings communities together, benefits people’s livelihoods, and helps to mitigate environmental issues in cities and surrounding regions. UA can be used within community-based res...
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Developments in diagnostic techniques for cereal pathogens
Cereal pests and diseases can significantly reduce potential crop yields. Correct and timely identification in-field is key to their control. This chapter summarizes and evaluates some of the many available methods for detection of pests and diseases, ranging from classical methods of plant patho...
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Improving data standards and integration for more effective decision-making in agriculture
The development of digital agriculture or smart farming highlights the importance of data and data exchange. This chapter discusses how to achieve data standardization as a critical success factor in agricultural decision-making. It emphasizes the importance of starting from understanding busines...
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Beak trimming of laying hens: welfare costs and benefits
Beak trimming is a procedure routinely applied in the egg industry to prevent feather pecking and cannibalism. The traditional method of trimming by application of a hot blade (HB) has been superseded by infrared (IR) beak trimming. Both methods are associated with acute pain, but there is eviden...
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Cell line sourcing and characterization for cultured meat product development
This chapter explores the use of bioreactors for cell multiplication in cultured meat product development. The chapter begins by first providing an overview of the principles and structure of a bioreactor, which is followed by a breakdown of bioreactor operation modes: batch cultivation, fed-batc...
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Advances in soil viromics in understanding viral diversity and function
This book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and advances in soil viromics, highlighting key methodologies, such as metagenomics, dsRNA extraction, and virus-like particle extraction, and their contributions to understanding soil viral diversity. It explores the intricate ...
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An overview of machine vision technologies for agricultural robots and automation
As machine vision technology becomes ever more readily available it is of increasing value to agriculture. This chapter seeks to outline the principles that will endure as the technology changes and to point out areas in which it can be applied. After examining basic concepts of machine vision, t...
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Maintaining sheep flock health: an overview
Improving the efficiency of livestock production is a fundamental challenge facing humanity, and maintaining the health of livestock is key to ensuring this. Systems for farming small ruminants such as sheep must meet the global need for food security while being economically, environmentally and...
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Instant insights: restoring degraded forests
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on restoring degraded forests.
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Biodiversity and nature credit markets: opportunities and challenges for landowners and land managers
This chapter provides an overview of some of the nature markets and finance mechanisms, which may provide farmers and land managers with opportunities to integrate farming for nature into their businesses, generating new revenue streams, and also offering opportunities to draw private finance int...
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Genomic selection using bayesian methods
For decades, the method of choice the prediction of breeding values in poultry breeding programs was the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP). More recently, genomic selection is quickly becoming the standard tool for genetic evaluation. One of the main challenges in the implementation of genom...
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Models, sensors and decision support systems in greenhouse cultivation
Model-based decision support and automation in horticulture is accompanied today by the development of Industry 4.0, that is, today’s greenhouses are advanced production systems with the possibility of controlling the indoor climate (and with that, the crop) very accurately with intelligent algor...
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Challenges and opportunities in pear cultivation
Excessive vigor of European pear varieties and a dearth of dwarfing rootstocks create significant challenges to the establishment and management of modern high-density orchards. The pronounced negative relationship between pear tree vigor and precocity requires considerable intensive horticultura...
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Ruminal fibre digestion
Since ruminants obtain most of their energy from their symbiotic microbiota, the efficiency of feed conversion and end-product meat and milk quality in bovines is tightly linked to the dynamics and function of the rumen microbiome. In this chapter, we give an overview of the role of the microbiot...
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Theory of genome-wide association for qtl detection
To identify the regions on the genome that influence traits, Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) uses the information of Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) between a QTL and neighboring genetic markers. LD is created by mutations and recombinations, but populations mixture also generates gametic phase ...
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The use of intelligent/autonomous systems in crop irrigation
Climate change, combined with the need to feed an increasing population with decreasing arable land, requires to radically re-think the way water is delivered to crops to increase efficiency and minimize wasted water. This chapter examines how robotic and artificial intelligence can be used to im...
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Rooftop systems for urban agriculture
Urban population growth, consequent competition in land use, climate change and lack of productive resources are some of the problems that are currently making necessary a new form of agriculture free from soil exploitation and able to ensure food security to urban dwellers in the most sustainabl...
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Zoonoses affecting poultry: the case of campylobacter
Campylobacter has been associated with poultry for many years. It is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness in developed countries, with C. jejuni and C. coli being identified in most cases in humans. These two species are also found in poultry. Campylobacter is ideally suited to the po...
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Disseminating improved coffee varieties for sustainable production
Although coffee is one of the most valuable agricultural commodities of the world, it is an orphan crop in relation to investment in plant breeding. An efficient system to develop, introduce and propagate improved coffee varieties is required to place productive, attractive and affordable plants ...
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Ingredients from milk for use in food and non-food products: from commodity to value-added ingredients
The use of milk in a wide range of products has resulted in the development of a wide range of dairy ingredients for use in dairy and non-dairy foods, as well as non-food products. These ingredients range from commodity ingredients, for example, milk powder and whey powder, to milk protein ingred...
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Advances in the use of robotics in greenhouse cultivation
This chapter discusses the role of robotics in greenhouse cultivation, starting with key challenges. Current technology is then presented, grouped by the main tasks executed by the robots. The selective harvesting of major greenhouse crops (e.g. tomato, cucumber, sweet pepper, strawberries and fl...
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The use of mid-infrared spectral data to predict traits for genetic selection in dairy cattle
Even in the era of genomic selection, relevant phenotypes are still needed and therefore phenotyping through the precise monitoring of the status of the cows, and their health, behaviour, and well-being as well as their environmental impact and the quality of their products is essential. The arri...
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