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Recent advances in understanding the role of vitamins in pig nutrition
Requirements for vitamins in modern intensive swine production are still based on genetically outdated lines of pigs and production conditions which have changed dramatically during the last 30 years. This chapter describes recent advances related to the role of vitamins and their importance for ...
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The denitrification-decomposition (dndc) model
DNDC is a well-established biogeochemical crop model that has been featured in over 400 peer-reviewed publications and excels at quantifying agricultural impact under diverse environmental and management conditions. DNDC employs a thermal time-driven biomass accumulation sub-model across all crop...
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Assessing the potential economic impact of invasive plant pests
Economic impact assessments are performed as part of a pest risk analysis to determine whether the introduction of a plant pest will result in unacceptable economic consequences. This often triggers phytosanitary measures to reduce the economic risk to an acceptable level. Appropriate techniques ...
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Feed supplements for dairy cattle
The manipulation of rumen fermentation to maximize the efficiency of feed utilization and increase ruminant productivity is of great commercial interest. This chapter reviews the beneficial effects sought through manipulating rumen fermentation in dairy cattle. It then considers a wide variety o...
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The economics of groundwater development and governance
The last century has seen a dramatic increase in the demand for groundwater, first as a source of drinking water, and more recently for agricultural use in arid and semi-arid regions. This sudden surge in demand can be explained by several attractive properties of this resource: it is free, avail...
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Understanding and optimizing the use of amino acids in pig nutrition
This chapter discusses the principles and practical aspects of meeting amino acid requirements and the use of functional amino acids in pig nutrition. The authors begin by exploring protein and amino acid metabolism, then the principles of amino acid needs, including maintenance and growth. They ...
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Analysing maize grain quality
Advances in the technologies and methods for analysing the quality characteristics of maize grains can help us determine the contribution of maize products to human health, as well as help in the development of maize cultivars with improved characteristics. This chapter reviews a range of methods...
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Advances in detecting tree nut allergens
Food allergy remains a major problem affecting consumers. Together with peanut, tree nuts belong to a small group of allergens responsible for the great majority of food allergies. This chapter begins by providing an overview of tree nut allergies and their prevalence. It then discusses allergeni...
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The use of rotations and cover crops to manage weeds
Crop rotation has been known for many years as an effective strategy for controlling weeds because it has a disruptive effect on weed populations. Cover crops are important additions to cash crop rotations because they suppress weeds during rotational periods when crops are absent and provide eco...
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Preventing bacterial diseases in dairy cattle
A paradigm shift in the management of bacterial diseases of food animals is needed; a shift from pharmacologic interventions to disease risk identification and mitigation. The interaction between disease and its risk factors follows the disease triangle, a conceptual model that incorporates host,...
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Viruses affecting poultry
Infectious diseases, particularly those caused by viral pathogens, pose one of the most serious threats to the growth and sustainability of the global poultry industry. The industry relies heavily on vaccination-based control strategies, but there are important challenges for this approach, such ...
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Developments in forest farming
The agroforestry practice of forest farming is gaining traction as a useful land practice. Demand for forest farmed raw material and products is high as evidenced by consumer interest in sustainable, domestic, and local products, and priority for conservation of wild populations. The goals are to...
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Supporting smallholder women farmers in potato cultivation
As the importance of potato cultivation among smallholder farmers increases, it is clear that women farmers have a vital role to play in shaping and maximising this growth, safeguarding potatoes as a primary food security crop. The present chapter offers a summary of the current state of potato c...
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Improving disease surveillance in sheep populations to support preventative flock health management programmes
This chapter reviews key issues in the design and implementation of disease surveillance systems in sheep populations. It assesses different types of surveillance and flock health objectives, data sources, testing and sampling techniques. The chapter also reviews sampling strategies, including ep...
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Genetic and other factors affecting wheat quality
Wheat quality derives from interactions between the components of the kernel. In turn these components are themselves collections of multiple sub-components. Many components are under genetic control and are modulated, if not profoundly influenced, by growing conditions. This chapter focuses on t...
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Advances in understanding of indigenous milk enzymes
Milk contains a complex set of enzymes of varying classes, along with in many cases substrates, zymogens, activators and inhibitors constituting in some instances whole systems, like the plasmin system. Some of the indigenous enzymes are present due to the way in which milk is secreted, and some...
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Understanding nutritional and bioactive properties of whey
Whey is a co-product of cheese and casein manufacturing processes. Historically, whey was a waste product with associated challenges on disposal due to its high organic matter content and biological oxygen demand. However, with the emergence of fractionation technology, whey has gained recognitio...
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Instant insights: mastitis in dairy cattle
This specially curated collection features four reviews of current and key research on mastitis in dairy cattle.
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Maintaining soil health in oil palm cultivation
Many existing oil palm plantations were set up after clearing equatorial and tropical rainforests. In tropical forests, the topsoil is where the fertility lies due to its physico-chemical properties, developed through an accumulation of organic matter and intense biological activity. In the first...
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Instant insights: biodiversity management practices
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on biodiversity management practices in agriculture.
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Developing decision-support systems for pasture and rangeland management
Although there have been several decades of development of decision support systems (DSSs) for pasture and rangeland systems, there is limited uptake of such tools in these farming systems. Historically, there has been confusion between use of DSS tools for either farmers, or for learning and res...
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Understanding ageing processes in seed potatoes
The physiological quality of seed tubers is very important for the performance of the crop grown from them, and interacts strongly with seed tuber size. Physiological quality consists of two components: dormancy and physiological age. This chapter reviews the conditions which influence both dorma...
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Microbial ecology and function of the gastrointestinal tract in layer hens
With the introduction of next-generation sequencing, a more comprehensive identification of the laying hen gastrointestinal tract microbial population has emerged. There are several factors that can influence the composition and function of the layer hen gastrointestinal tract including age of th...
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Improving water and nutrient management in tomato cultivation
Agricultural practices for tomato production need to (1) fulfil the water and nutritional requirements of the crop for optimal production, (2) consider the environmental impact of production and (3) offer nutritious and safe tomatoes to consumers. This chapter focuses on irrigation and fertilizat...
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Cocoa diseases: witches' broom
Witches' broom, caused by the hemibiotrophic basidiomycete Moniliophthora perniciosa, is one of the most important cocoa diseases. The pathogen co-evolved with cocoa in the Amazon River basin and is currently restricted to South and Central America. Other cocoa-producing regions of the world are ...
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Improving organic crop cultivation
Organic crop cultivation needs to improve yields if it is to expand its share of agricultural production. This collection reviews ways of addressing this challenge, from developing better varieties to ways of improving crop nutrition and pest control.
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Mechanization and automation for apple
Sustaining large-scale commercial apple production depends on the availability of a large, seasonal and suitably skilled workforce. The costs and associated risks are dependent on human labor as well as overall productivity which could be reduced by improved mechanization of apple production oper...
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Laying hen nutrition: optimizing energy intake, egg size and weight
Hen nutrition must address a number of different goals, including maximizing egg production, maintaining egg quality, extending the laying cycle and ensuring hen health and welfare. This chapter focuses on the role of nutrition in optimizing energy intake, egg size and egg weight. It reviews the ...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of sorghum volume 1
Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop (after rice, maize, wheat and barley). The first volume in this two-volume collection reviews advances in understanding sorghum physiology and genetics as well as developments in breeding new varieties and their more efficient cultivation.
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Modelling the impact of climate change on agriculture in east asia
This chapter briefly summarizes the estimated impact of historical and future climate changes on major food crop production (e.g., rice, wheat, maize) across the primary production regions of East Asia.
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Black soldier fly meal: an alternative protein source for pigs
Black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) is a main species of edible insects, which has been found to be well suited to scalable commercial scale production and efficiency to provide sustainable protein for livestock. This chapter will focus on the current knowledge of feeding BSF as an alterna...
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Advances in pest- and disease-resistant apple varieties
Disease and pest-resistant cultivars can significantly contribute to sustainable and resilient cultivation of apples. In this chapter, we review the development of apples that are resistant to a number of important diseases, including apple scab, powdery mildew, fire blight, nectria canker and Ma...
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Advances in actuation and control in agricultural robots
In recent years, agricultural robots have moved away from being pure sensor-carrying platforms for gathering data in the field into becoming action-delivering platforms providing physical interaction with the environment. In this chapter, the actuation methods that are most commonly used on intel...
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Future outlook on microbial bioprotectants in agriculture
Microbial bioprotectants have the potential to play a major role in the future of crop protection. Agriculture needs to become more sustainable and still provide food security within planetary borders. New technologies and scientific discoveries can unravel the interactions between the plant, the...
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Rootstocks to improve root function and resource-use efficiency
Grafting, a surgical technique to attach genetically different shoots and roots (scions and rootstocks) allows “designer root systems” to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. Rootstocks improve plant nutrient relations by increasing nutrient capture and/or nutrient use efficiency...
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Understanding resistance to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides
The Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor (SDHI, Carboxamide, Group 7) compounds represent the fastest growing fungicide class. The spectrum of activity of SDHIs encompasses Ascomycete, Basidiomycete, and Deuteromycete pathogens on a wide variety of hosts. SDHIs are a structurally diverse class, curr...
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Advances in fruit genetics
Sustainability of fruit production worldwide is heavily dependent on advances in fruit genetics. Changing environments, innovative production systems, increased pest and pathogen pressure and fluctuating consumer preferences are forcing fruit producers to adjust at a higher pace than ever before....
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Instant insights: biofertiliser use in agriculture
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of biofertilisers in agriculture to optimise plant and soil health, focussing on the use of treated wastes, animal manure, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.
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Developments in peptide-based biocontrol agents to manage insect pests
Chemical insecticides are beset by the twin problems of regulatory pressure and insect resistance. New mode-of-action Plant Protection Products (PPPs) will play a vital role in securing food for the future due to existing and emerging pest and disease pressures and will be directed against a wide...
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Understanding the genetics of c₃ photosynthesis in crop plants
Understanding the genetics of C3 photosynthesis, particularly its regulation, is essential to undertake photosynthetic improvement. The expression of the photosynthesis-associated genes is regulated at different levels (transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational), but very little i...
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Trickle irrigation systems
Trickle irrigation is the practice of dripping water into soil at very low rates, using outlets placed closed to the plant to ensure targeted application to the root zone. Since the 1950s, trickle irrigation technology has become increasingly advanced and widespread. It is believed that the techn...
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Application of genomic selection (gs) in breeding commercial meat-type chickens
This chapter describes the implementation stages of genomic selection in meat-type chickens (broilers), beginning from the initial phase of testing the methodology to current developments where the technology has been consolidated into the commercial breeding programmes. This chapter focuses on b...
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Understanding the biochemistry of c₃ photosynthesis in crop plants
The C3 cycle is the primary biochemical pathway for fixation of atmospheric CO₂ in over 85% of plants, including the major crop species. This pathway is autocatalytic involving eleven enzymes catalysing 13 reactions and provides carbon compounds directly for the synthesis of isoprenoids, sucrose,...
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Banana streak disease
The chapter gives an overview of the biology, epidemiology, diagnostics, and control of the banana streak complex of viruses in bananas.
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Advances in physical control methods in ipm
The evidence is mounting for pesticide failures on many fronts, including environmental contamination and pest resistance to chemical products. As an alternative, physical management methods are environmentally friendly, are not subject to the development of resistance, leave no residues and requ...
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Genetics of drought tolerance in cereals
This chapter discusses some of the latest findings related to the genetics of drought resistance of the world's most widely grown cereals. The chapter starts with rice because of its key role as an ancestral founder species and phylogenetically pivotal role for cereal evolution. The chapter then ...
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Exploiting plant phenotypic plasticity in promoting crop resistance to insect pests
This chapter explores how an understanding of crop phenotypic plasticity might inform and improve pest management. In crops, plant-mediated interactions among herbivores and other organisms may have implications for pest management by, for example, altering thresholds or recommendations for scout...
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Soil sampling for soil health assessment
A successful soil health study or project requires thorough planning. Accurate results in soil health assessment can be difficult to obtain due to complications from spatial, temporal and managerial variability. A well-planned soil health sampling design will ensure that the resulting data are re...
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Assessing the environmental impact of commercial-scale cultivated meat production
This chapter draws attention to assessing the environmental impact of commercial cultivated meat production. To provide some context, the chapter first focuses on the environmental impacts of livestock production, specifically the impact of land use and biodiversity, climate change as well as the...
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Disease surveillance, diagnostics and germplasm health in crop protection
Diseases caused by a range of established and emerging pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and viruses are among the persistent factors for the reduction in crop yields across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Most damaging diseases are caused by introduced exotic pathogens and by locally evolve...
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Weed management in organic conservation agriculture systems
Organic conservation agriculture can potentially contribute to meeting many urgent technical and environmental issues related to agricultural soil degradation; however, its uptake has been so far quite limited. After having shed some light on the similarities and differences between (organic) con...
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Optimizing maize-based cropping systems: sustainability, good agricultural practices (gap) and yield goals
Sustainable maize production is profitable for the farmer, protects the natural resource base, including maintaining and improving soil productivity, prevents environmental degradation beyond the field, improves the quality of life of individuals and communities and ensures the nutritional value ...
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Advances in mass breeding/rearing techniques for yellow mealworms as a protein source
In recent years, the yellow mealworm has undergone a significant transformation, from a global pest species to a prominent insect species for feed and food purposes. However, farming mealworms is still a relatively new business venture, offering ample opportunities for optimization and innovation...
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The role of soil fauna in soil health and delivery of ecosystem services
Soil fauna includes microscopic organisms such as nematodes (microfauna), mites and springtails (mesofauna), up to larger invertebrates such as worms, spiders, ants, termites and beetles (macrofauna) and vertebrates (megafauna) such as amphibians, reptiles and mammals. This chapter explains how t...
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Global tea science
Tea is the most widely-consumed beverage in the world. Tea cultivation faces a range of challenges in improving yields. The various parts of the book review ways of addressing these challenges, from breeding and cultivation to plant protection and improving sustainability.
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Post-harvest storage of potatoes
Storage is one component of the field to fork cycle and good storage can maintain the quality of the input tubers with positive benefits for the rest of the supply chain. This chapter reviews the mechanisms underlying potato spoilage and discusses key techniques for storing potatoes to maintain q...
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Advances in understanding of barley plant physiology: plant development and architecture
This chapter summarizes recent advances in understanding the genetics of barley development and architecture. In particular it discusses developments in understanding: barley plant structure and morphology; molecular control of vegetative development; and molecular control of reproductive develop...
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Advances in post-harvest detection and control of fungal contamination of cereals
This chapter examines the relationship between cereal grains during storage and approaches which have been used to minimise fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination. The role of abiotic factors such as water availability and temperature and their interactions on ecology of spoilage and mycotox...
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Non-timber forest products from tropical forests
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) were hailed as a “silver bullet” to provide the economic incentives to conserve standing forests, while contributing to local livelihoods. While the livelihood benefits of NTFPs have been widely acknowledged, the contribution of the NTFP sector to biodiversity c...
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Sorghum tolerance to low-phosphorus soil conditions
Many sorghum growing areas in Africa are affected by phosphorus (P) scarcity. In these areas small-scale farmers depend on sorghum for food security and income, but have difficulty accessing or paying for P fertilizer. With the expected future price increases for P fertilizer, this problem is lik...
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Advances in understanding rodent pests affecting cereal grains
Post-harvest losses by rodents are estimated to be similar as for pre-harvest losses; somewhere from 0.25% to 25% or more, but generally considered to average around 5-10%, which is similar to the level of post-harvest losses caused by insects. There have been very few studies measuring post-harv...
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Advances in metaproteomics for analyzing soil microorganisms
Soil metaproteomic, the protein profile of a sample, gives both taxonomical and functional information and has the potential to improve knowledge of mechanisms underlying the important ecosystem services by soil. This chapter aims to discuss the challenges facing protein extraction from soil, the...
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Modelling soil organic matter dynamics as a soil health indicator
The presence of soil organic matter (SOM) is seen as essential for soil health. Modelling SOM in soils helps researchers and farmers understand and predict the effects of different cultivation practices on changes in SOM. This chapter reviews key issues in SOM modelling and the development of inc...
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Acrylamide formation in fried potato products and its mitigation
Acrylamide is carcinogenic to rodents and also a ‘probable’ human carcinogen. No regulatory limits have yet been established on the levels of this contaminant in food, but food industries are nevertheless under pressure to find ways of reducing acrylamide formation. The greatest contribution to d...
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Advances in soil quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) techniques for identifying and studying soil microbial communities
This chapter explores advances in quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques for identifying and studying soil microbial communities. The authors begin by describing the principles of qPCR. This is followed by sections discussing factors affecting the reproducibility of qPCR assays, and qPCR targets. The...
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Instant insights: optimising agri-food supply chains
This book provides a detailed overview of current agri-food supply chains, as well as the ways in which they can be optimised to mitigate some of agriculture’s biggest challenges, including food loss and waste.
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Quality parameters and testing methods in rice cultivation
Quality parameters and the ability to test when these have been satisfied are essential for delivering a consistent, high-quality product to consumers, and important for the development of new rice varieties with desired characteristics. This chapter begins by focusing on technology for assessing...
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Ensuring beef safety through consumer education
For food safety in the US beef industry, 1993 was a watershed year because of the large outbreak of food-borne illnesses that were linked to ground beef. More than two decades later, microbial issues persist as areas of concern. While the industry has made great strides in reducing bacteria on ra...
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Advances in sustainable sheep pasture and grazing management
Like other livestock sectors, sheep production faces the challenge of improving sustainability. After considering the various dimensions of sustainability, this chapter reviews different ways this might be achieved. Firstly, it considers the potential for increasing the number of pasture species ...
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Assessing the effectiveness and history of buffer strip implementation in preventing soil sediment and nutrient losses to surface waters
Buffer strips are one of the most widely utilised mitigation measures to reduce sediment and nutrient transfer from soil erosion and surface runoff on fields to neighbouring surface waters. Their effectiveness in terms of retaining sediment and nutrients has been documented by numerous experiment...
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Organic dairy farming in developing countries
In countries in the global south, often referred to as ‘developing countries’, organic dairy farming faces some challenges, but also has huge potential. Even without having a premium price for organic dairy products, organic management of smallholder farms can often be beneficial in terms of low ...
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Advances in digital soil mapping to assess baseline levels and carbon sequestration at the landscape scale
Mapping soil carbon, both organic and inorganic carbon, is gaining a lot of attention and interest, as it can be a substantial source and sink for climate change mitigation, food security and ecosystem services. Digital soil mapping and modeling spatiotemporal variations or changes are helpful to...
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Smart farms
This collection reviews recent advances in processing and analysing data to provide actionable outcomes for farmers to be able to achieve a more sustainable agriculture and reduce the sector’s contribution to climate change.
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Exploring barley germplasm for yield improvement under sulphur-limiting environments
This chapter reviews genetic diversity in barley and its role in improving varieties, including adaptation to abiotic stresses. Sulphur is an essential macronutrient required in plants for normal growth and development. Its deficiency in agricultural soils reduces grain yield and grain quality tr...
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Use of protein from yellow mealworms in poultry feed
The purpose of this chapter is to appraise the current work done on the use of the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) as an alternative and sustainable protein source in poultry diets. The incorporation of insects in animal diets is regarded as an interesting topic in animal nutrition. Their popu...
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Advances in cultivation of walnuts
Walnuts as a crop has expanded considerably in production and value over the last 30 years. There has been a shift in dominant production area from California to China. While the United States is still the world’s largest exporter of walnuts China now dominates world production. This chapter prov...
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Linking genotype to phenotype: improving functional annotation in dairy cattle breeding
Functional annotation describes known or predicted roles of a DNA variant or DNA sequence’s molecular function on the expression of a trait phenotype. Since whole-genome sequencing became economical, software was developed to filter variants based on these annotations. Functional annotation has h...
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Improving biosafety testing of plant protection products (ppps) and bioprotectants
This chapter presents an update of trends on insecticide resistance in Northwest Europe. It addresses the current status and future estimations of the insecticide market in Europe, specifically in context of evolving agricultural practices and environmental challenges. The chapter then explores i...
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Advances in monitoring of native and invasive insect pests of crops
Early detection of insect pests is critical to successful integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. This collection reviews the wealth of research on improving monitoring techniques for the detection of both native and alien insect pests.
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Understanding agroecosystems and pest management: from chemical control to integrated biodiversity management
Agroecology analyzes the different components that make up an ecosystem such as soils, climate, plants and animals, and their interactions within agricultural landscapes. Bringing together a wide range of disciplines, agroecology encompasses different scales from the individual field through to f...
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Incentivizing sustainable production practices: improving and scaling extension, certification, carbon markets and other incentive systems
In the absence of subsidies and secure land ownership, farmers often have weak incentives to adopt sustainable production practices. Potential means to change that include improved extension services, certification schemes, access to finance, and results-based payments (e.g. for carbon offset cre...
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Sustainable production of temperate and boreal nontimber forest products: examples from north america
Understory plants and fungi are critical to healthy and resilient forest ecosystems, and many of the products they provide are essential to people for sustenance and income. However, nontimber forest products, and the plants and fungi from which they originate, are seldom included in forest manag...
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Understanding texture development in poultry meat
This chapter is intended to inform the reader on advances and developmental strategies in poultry meat tenderness. As is common with all food products, texture or tenderness, as the terms are interchangeably used, is the final “grade” that consumers place on a product. Meat tenderness is commonly...
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Commercial poultry production and gut function: a historical perspective
In the United States, in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, poultry production was only a side operation for many farmers; however, by the 1930s a commercial poultry industry began to flourish. Certainly, today’s poultry industry would never have developed without the many advances tha...
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Monitoring plant genetic resources for food and agriculture
This chapter reviews the methodologies developed to assess the extent of diversity of PGRFA at species, variety, and genetic level and examines the efforts made at global level in monitoring them at different scales. Efforts have been made to halt the loss of biodiversity (including genetic diver...
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Integrated wheat disease management
Wheat is one the most economically important crops in the world. Diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes can significantly reduce wheat yields. All parts of the wheat plant can be affected by diseases. Integrated disease management (IDM) combines two or more tactics to prevent o...
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Instant insights: bacterial diseases affecting pigs
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on bacterial diseases affecting pigs.
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Developments in the use of embryo technologies in dairy cows
Reproductive technologies offer the opportunity to produce far greater numbers of offspring from genetically valuable dams, than they would normally have in their lifetime. Technologies such as ovum-pickup when applied to harvest oocytes from prepubertal animals provide the means to dramatically ...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of sugarcane volume 2
Sugarcane cultivation faces a range of challenges to improve yields sustainably. This volumes reviews how these challenges can be addressed through developments in breeding as well as better management of pests and diseases.
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Optimising fertiliser use to maintain soil health
Maintaining the health of soils, and therefore their capacity to carry out the ecosystem functions necessary for sustainable food production, is a complex and evolving area of science. This chapter examines management of mineral fertilisers and organic manures in relation to its effects on soil h...
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Advances in breeding of chestnuts
In the two last centuries, diseases and pests from Asia have been introduced in chestnut plantations in both Northern America and Southern Europe, jeopardizing indigenous populations and some local chestnut varieties. The societal demand for chestnut in these countries has considerably increased,...
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Advances in cold-tolerant maize varieties
Maize, a thermophilic plant species, originates from subtropical highlands. Maize cultivation, however, has spread to temperate regions of the world that experience low temperatures during the early development of the plants. Maize genotypes that are cultivated in cooler climates need to have a s...
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Instant insights: ecosystem services delivered by forests
This collection provides a considered overview of the range of ecosystem services delivered by tropical, temperate and boreal forests. Chapters explore the role of forests in storing carbon, improving hydrological cycles and optimising soil health.
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Advances in understanding the biology and epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv)
A tri-trophic network of domesticated grasses (host), various aphids (vector) and barley yellow dwarf virus (pathogen) species has been spread by humans from Eurasia to the rest of the world. Understanding how climate, natural and agricultural landscapes challenge pathogens, vectors, and their na...
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Optimising pig welfare at the weaning and nursery stage
The welfare of pigs at the nursery stage is an area of special concern because of the manifold influencing factors that have the potential to decrease seriously the piglets’ wellbeing. Especially the separation from their mother sow in combination with a very young weaning age in modern pig farmi...
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Understanding the effects of maternal environment in controlling seed dormancy
The maternal environment explored by the developing seed has decisive importance in shaping the seed dormancy phenotype. Although these effects have started to be recognized several decades ago, only in recent years we began to understand the underlying mechanisms through which the environmental ...
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Sustainable systems for integrated fish and vegetable production: new perspectives on aquaponics
Aquaponics integrates fish and seafood rearing (aquaculture) with soilless production of horticultural produce (hydroponics). Engineered systems of this kind meet the challenges posed by global population growth, urbanization, global climate change, limited access to resources for agricultural ac...
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Nutritional strategies to reduce emissions from waste in pig production
Emissions of ammonia, odour and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from livestock housing and storage and application of manure are major concerns in the environmental sustainability of pig production. This chapter addresses dietary strategies to reduce these emissions. It examines in detail the relationshi...
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Assessing the overall impact of the dairy sector
Dairy is the number one agricultural commodity by value, provides livelihoods for 1 billion people and is key to enriching diets the world over. Yet, global consumption of dairy falls short of national dietary guidelines. Increasing dairy consumption to match dietary guidelines could save billion...
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Integration of organic dairy cows into a whole farm context
Integration within natural cycles and between farmed enterprises are routes through which we can develop organic dairy farming into an ecologically principled form of food production with animal and human welfare benefits. Integration requires relationships of varying degrees of synergy and compl...
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