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Smallholder seed systems for sustainability
This chapter discusses the role of seed systems particularly as a channel to supply smallholder farmers with new traits and combinations of traits through improved hybrids or varieties. This chapter looks at issues surrounding the development of more economically-sustainable and predominantly “fo...
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Understanding consumer and societal attitudes to sheep production
Sheep farming contributes to the world economy by producing wool, meat and dairy products and is an integral part of the agricultural sector. Sheep provide important ecosystem services, but their methane emissions can contribute to environmental problems. Transformations in social and consumer at...
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Advances in understanding plant root uptake of phosphorus
At a global scale, phosphorus (P) deficiency comprises a large area of cropland, while P has also been used in excess of crop requirements in many other regions. Improved crop P-acquisition efficiency would allow lower target critical soil P values and provide savings in P-fertiliser use. At the ...
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The challenges of smallholder farming
This chapter starts by discussing the features of small-scale farming, indentifying family management and labour as its hallmark. The considerable differences of geography, economic and social circumstances among smallholder farms are explored. These suggest that while some smallholdings can prov...
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Temperate alley cropping systems
The implementation of modern agricultural practices has largely excluded trees from the rural landscape, causing negative environmental impacts. Alley cropping, an agroforestry practice where agricultural crops are grown simultaneously with long-term tree crops, helps mitigate negative environmen...
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The use of dietary fibre to optimize microbial gut function in pigs, with particular consideration of dietary cereal grains and legumes
This chapter examines interactions of dietary fibre components of pig diets with GIT microbiota, emphasizing cereals and legumes fed to pigs. Carbohydrate composition of these feedstuffs are described, and their relationship to metabolic activity of the porcine intestinal microbiota and interacti...
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Conservation agriculture: climate change mitigation and adaptation benefits
This chapter discusses how Conservation Agriculture can be used to tackle the challenges posed by climate change to agricultural ecosystems. It focuses on the fundamentals of climate change mitigation and benefits of adapting to climate change. The chapter also includes a case study on the LIFE+ ...
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Manure and compost management to maintain soil health
This chapter discusses the role of manure and compost in maintaining soil health in relation to the use of inorganic fertilizer. It reviews best management practices in using manure and the effects of increased manure use, including resolving problems related to excess manure. The chapter reviews...
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Advances in conventional breeding techniques for oil palm
At the beginning of the 20th century, oil palm was a semi-wild crop which had not been subjected to breeding efforts. This chapter will review the history of oil palm breeding, starting from the beginning of the 20th century up to the present day. We will discuss breeding objectives, breeding met...
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Instant insights: using manure in soil management
This book reviews recent advances in the utilisation of livestock manure to improve soil management and health. Chapters discuss best practices for the storage, treatment and processing of livestock manure, as well as the effects of manure application on the ability of soil to deliver a range of ...
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Control of infectious diseases in dairy cattle
This chapter describes the developments to control infectious diseases in the dairy cattle industry, and outlines recent research in this area. A risk analysis approach is presented as a framework for managing infectious diseases at global and farm level. Disease hazards, and the release and expo...
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Optimizing urban beekeeping
Beekeeping, or apiculture, is an agricultural pursuit that has witnessed a dramatic rise in popularity in the past decade in many urban areas across the world as individuals and groups react to the widespread concern about the global decline populations of pollinating insects. This chapter provid...
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Life cycle assessment methodology for agriculture: some considerations for best practices
Life cycle assessment (LCA), a method that originates from the manufacturing industry, is increasingly applied to agricultural systems as a more holistic perspective and approach with respect to managing agricultural product life cycles. However, the practice of applying LCA to agricultural syste...
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Instant insights: optimising reproductive efficiency in pigs
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the range of factors currently affecting reproductive efficiency in modern pig production, such as gilt development and litter size for sows and genetic line and progressive motility for boars.
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Fusarium diseases: biology and management perspectives
World cereal production faces the challenge of increasing productivity while reducing its environmental footprint. Diseases like Fusarium head blight that reduce yield and quality of the harvest are controlled mainly with agricultural practices and fungicides. These measures have been shown to be...
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The integrated management of bud rot disease and phytophthora palmivora in oil palm
This chapter provides an overview of research on oil palm bud rot disease which severely affects palm oil production in Central and South America. The chapter reviews the approaches adopted in identifying the causative agent and managing the disease. The chapter describes recent research undertak...
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Advances in dairy cattle breeding to incorporate feed conversion efficiency in national genetic evaluations
Genomic selection is often cited as being particularly effective for difficult to measure and/or expensive traits since recording can be specifically organised in nucleus herds and the benefits of that recording can be distributed to others through genomic breeding values on genotyped animals tha...
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Achieving sustainable production of eggs volume 2
Welfare and sustainability are now major issues in egg production. This book reviews nutrition and other aspects of husbandry affecting laying hens as well as the environmental impact of egg production and how it can be made more sustainable.
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Advances in understanding eggshell formation and its composition in table eggs
The shell is the only part of the egg that is not consumed, yet its quality is critical to the marketing of eggs. This is especially true as recent developments in egg production systems towards free-range hens and longer production cycles have affected shell quality, particularly its mechanical ...
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Advances and challenges in peach breeding
Peaches are found in diverse climates and growing regions, plus its relatively short juvenile period, self-pollinated fruitfulness, small genome size and important identified Mendelian traits have made peach a model fruit for breeding and genetics research. This chapter reviews the moderate chill...
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Pathogens in tropical forests: diversity and management
Plants in tropical forests are subject to attack by a wide range of pathogenic organisms, including fungi, bacteria, viruses and parasitic plants, which reduce productivity. In natural forests, pathogens are normal components, arguably driving evolution through attacking susceptible individual tr...
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Information and communication technology in agri-food supply chains
Food production builds on the cooperation of enterprises within agri-food supply chains reaching from agriculture to retail. The interdependencies between enterprises require coordination of decisions and activities for assuring efficiency in production along the chain and serving the expectation...
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The role of technology in crisis management and product recall in food supply chains
This chapter considers food governance and how it frames crisis management and product recalls in food supply chains. Effective food recalls following a food safety or legality related incident are supported by traceability systems ranging from paper based to those that apply the newest technolog...
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Advances in nutrient and water management in forestry: monitoring, maintaining, and restoring soil health
A number of important advances in nutrient and water management in forestry have been made since the middle of the 20th Century to maintain and improve soil health. Many concerns have been expressed about the sustainability of forestry operations with intensification of management and harvesting ...
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The use of genomic information to improve selection response while controlling inbreeding in dairy cattle breeding programs
This chapter discusses the use of genomic information to improve selection response in dairy cattle breeding programs. It assesses population size and inbreeding, as well as discussing how genetic information can be used to reduce inbreeding. The chapter also provides an understanding of the gene...
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Developments in proximal sensors to detect crop nitrogen status
Improving nitrogen use efficiency is a key objective in crop production. The development of proximal sensors represents a significant stet forward in achieving this objective. This chapter describes: i) the principles of proximal sensing, ii) proximal sensor types and iii) applications for crop n...
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Improving the welfare of lambs
High lambing rates and maintaining high standards of lamb survival, health, nutrition and growth are essential for farm profitability, depending on the final product of sheep farming. The value assigned to lambs, the environment, farming tradition and economics of sheep farming will influence flo...
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Efficient water management and irrigation on farms
The way forward for irrigated agriculture in a warming and water-constrained world lies in integrated policy development and practice, including ‘sustainable intensification’, that considers the ‘food-water-energy nexus’. Such policy should incorporate both climate adaptation and climate mitigati...
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Instant insights: improving the health and welfare of heifers and calves
The collection discusses best practices for improving the welfare of heifers and calves, as well as the consequences which can arise as a result of these welfare conditions not being met. Chapters consider the use of monitoring technologies as a means of identifying abnormal behaviours which can ...
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Diseases affecting cassava
Cassava diseases are major production constraints wherever the crop is grown. Although diseases will continue to pose a challenge to cassava producers in the immediate future, tremendous progress is being made in developing control tactics. These range from biotechnological approaches for enhanci...
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Developing maize-breeding methods and cultivars to meet the challenge of climate change
Sustainable maize production will be possible only with the development of the next generation of maize products carrying genetic diversity. This chapter addresses ideas to develop not only unique cultivars but also breeding methodologies to better assist breeders managing genetically complex tra...
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Postharvest diseases of bananas and their sustainable management
This chapter discusses crown rot and anthracnose in detail, with a briefer coverage of the minor diseases such as mokillo fruit speckle, squirter and ceratocystis fruit stem-end rot. These diseases are discussed with regards to their causal agents, described and illustrated symptoms, disease cycl...
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Banding nitrogen fertilisers and the implications for enhanced efficiency fertiliser technology
Fertiliser placement and type are key factors which regulate on-farm nitrogen (N) use efficiency. However, the interaction of these two management strategies is often overlooked. Efficacy assessments of enhanced efficiency fertilisers (EEFs) must consider the mode of application to not misinterpr...
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Direct plant protection in organic farming
In organic farming, plant health is maintained primarily through preventive management practices. Nevertheless, there are crops and situations where such measures alone do not provide sufficient protection, and direct plant protection is therefore necessary. This chapter focuses on the substances...
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Food losses and food waste in roots and tubers
This chapter reviews the extent, causes and prevention of food losses and waste (FLW) in roots and tubers such as cassava, yams, potatoes, sweet potatoes and taro. It discusses pre-harvest factors affecting FLW such as pests and diseases, environmental factors and agronomic practices. It also dis...
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Dealing with the challenge of antibiotic resistance in pig production
This chapter describes the practice of antibiotic use in food animal production, with a particular focus on pigs, and the various questions this practice raises. The chapter begins with a brief history of antibiotic use in livestock production before examining the current state of research focuse...
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Key issues in the welfare of dairy cattle
Concerns about dairy cattle welfare are widespread. Cattle welfare is influenced by various circumstances and conditions, which are related to and dependent on each other. Confinement, restricted movements, high milk yield, disrupted social structures, painful and frightening management procedure...
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Ecosystem services delivered by tropical forests: regulating services of tropical forests for climate and hydrological cycles
Global warming is significantly altering the environmental conditions in which forests grow at a global scale. At the local scale, the impact of global warming on forests depends heavily on current forest type and structure, soil conditions and water availability (Figure 1). Managing forests for ...
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Sustainability standards and certification for agriculture: an overview
The number of sustainability standards and certifications applied in agricultural supply chains has grown considerably in the past decade, creating confusion for consumers and challenges for producers, particularly small-scale producers in developing countries. This chapter provides an overview o...
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Advances in understanding the potassium cycle in crop production
Soil reserves of potassium are generally large, but most of it is not plant-available. On crop farms, negative potassium balance is common due to greater removal of potassium in hay, straw and grain than fertilizer potassium. Consequently, soil potassium depletion is increasing the prevalence of ...
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Advances in dairy cattle breeding to improve heat tolerance
Elevated temperature can impact dairy cows in many aspects, leading to a decline in productivity and ultimately the profitability of the industry. There is a need to breed for heat tolerant dairy cattle to mitigate these impacts. This chapter outlines technologies to breed for more heat tolerant ...
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Advancing conservation biological control as a component of integrated pest management of horticultural crops
Conservation biological control is commonly considered to be a key component of IPM because it is compatible with and complementary to many other approaches available in the IPM ‘toolbox’. However, despite significant study of conservation biological approaches in horticultural systems, uptake ha...
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Advances in breeding techniques for durable septoria tritici blotch (stb) resistance in cereals
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, is one of the most important foliar diseases of winter cereal crops. Recent advances are helping to understand the genetic basis and architecture of resistance to STB. To date, at least 22 genes for qualitati...
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Developing varieties of arabica coffee
About 60% of the annual world coffee production is harvested from Arabica (Coffea arabica) coffee, with the remainder harvested from Robusta (C. canephora) coffee. The former is superior in beverage quality, but more expensive to cultivate. The demand for quality coffees is steadily increasing, b...
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Understanding and developing closed-loop nutrient cycles in crop production
This chapter focuses on developing closed-loop nutrient cycles in crop production. It starts by first discussing the importance of understanding nutrient cycling in agri-food systems, then goes on to highlight current options for achieving closed-loop nutrient cycles. A section on manure manageme...
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Opportunities to improve the welfare of young chickens
This chapter reviews the range of issues affecting the health and welfare of young chickens. It starts by assessing the welfare of parental stock and its effects on offspring. The chapter then reviews research on incubation practices to optimize chick welfare. The chapter also discusses hatching ...
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Organic mango production: a review
In recent years the demand for organic mango, along with the health concerns of consumers, has increased. Few technologies are currently available to support organic mango production systems in the main mango-growing regions. This chapter explains current technologies for field sustainable and or...
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Advances in understanding grain legume physiology: stomatal behaviour and response to abiotic stress
Grain legumes can fulfill several roles: they can be an immediate seed crop for consumption or marketing, a means to increase soil fertility as a result of their nutrient-rich residues and a key component of livestock feed. They are therefore likely to have an increasing role in agriculture in bot...
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Solar-powered irrigation systems: recent developments and future trends
Recent developments in harnessing solar energy have transformed solar powered irrigation systems (SPIS) into a cost-effective, reliable, and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuel energy-based irrigation systems. This chapter reviews the current developments and futur...
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Instant insights: nutritional benefits of milk
This collection highlights the important contribution of milk and other dairy products to the diets of millions around the world. Chapters discuss key nutritional properties of milk, including lactose, caseins and glycoproteins and the ways in which consumption supports human health and growth.
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Food safety control on poultry farms: effective control of campylobacter
The zoonotic pathogen, Campylobacter, is the leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide. It colonizes the intestinal tract of chickens, its primary host. In chickens, this pathogen is considered commensal and does not cause illness or have adverse impacts on production performance. A number of ...
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Intercropping and crop rotations in cassava cultivation: a production systems approach
Cassava does not have a specific and determined maturity period and it can therefore be harvested over a range of ages, depending on cropping system and socio-economic conditions. This chapter reviews current knowledge on mixed cropping systems (both intercropping and crop rotations) in which cas...
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Advances in cultivation of chestnuts
Chestnut (Castanea), within the family Fagaceae, is a multipurpose tree that produces nuts and timber, as well as holds an important place in landscape and culture. The aim of this chapter is to present the current state of global cultivation of the Castanea species, in terms of its ecological ch...
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Advances in understanding the characteristics and epidemiology of african swine fever
This chapter reviews recent research on the causes and epidemiology of African swine fever (ASF). It discusses the causative agent for ASF, its origins in Africa to its spread into other regions of the world. It looks at the distribution of genotype I and II strains. After summarizing clinical in...
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Instant insights: fruit losses and waste
This specially curated collection features five reviews of current and key research on fruit losses and waste.
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Assessing the economics of integrated pest management for horticultural crops
Integrated pest management (IPM) is the combination of cropping systems, practices, and pest control tactics to manage pest populations so that they do not cause economic harm to growers nor negative impacts on the environment. The strategies implemented by growers to achieve their goals (for exa...
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Advances in understanding plant root growth regulators
Global food production needs to increase by more than 60% by 2050 while concurrently reducing fertiliser applications to crops to reduce greenhouse emissions, production costs and environmental pollution. This chapter explores the role of hormones on nitrogen and phosphate uptake and responses. I...
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Microbial quality and spoilage of raw cow’s milk
Milk, which is a basic component of the human diet since millennia worldwide, is rich in all kind of nutrients, thus comprises an excellent growth substrate for both beneficial and harmful microorganisms. As a result, milk contains numerous microorganisms deriving either from the animal itself or...
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Using proximal electromagnetic/electrical resistivity/electrical sensors to assess soil health
Soil health assessment can be understood as a synthetic approach using complex indicators including a variety of soil physical and biological characteristics. The electrical/electromagnetic properties, whilst limited in number, are directly linked with some of the most relevant soil parameters ch...
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Safety management and pathogen monitoring in poultry slaughterhouse operations: the case of the united states
Preventing foodborne illnesses in a cost-effective way is an important challenge for the poultry industry. This chapter begins by reviewing the common foodborne pathogens associated with poultry. We then discuss processing operations from live transportation of birds, to slaughter, to post-chill ...
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Improving grassland/forage quality and management to reduce livestock greenhouse gas emissions
This chapter reviews grazing management strategies that can contribute to reducing livestock greenhouse gas emissions. Strategies discussed include grazing season length and timing as well as sward structure and quality, including dry matter and clover content. The chapter also discusses the use ...
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Instant insights: genetic modification of crops
This specially curated collection features six reviews of current and key research on genetic modification of crops.
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Dealing with uncertainty in crop models
There is increasing awareness in crop modeling of the importance of uncertainty. The modeler needs uncertainty information to prioritize improvements, while the user needs uncertainty information to make informed decisions. This chapter introduces the concept of model uncertainty, considering suc...
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Advances in postharvest storage and handling of barley: methods to prevent or reduce mycotoxin contamination
This chapter focuses on post-harvest storage and handling practices of barley grain and how these methods can be used to mitigate mycotoxin issues. It also discusses management of insect pests in stored barley and how controlling them can help to prevent huge losses in stored grains. The chapter ...
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The role of crop rotations in organic farming
Crop rotations are defined in terms of a number of crops organized in a specific order over a defined period of time, with specific spatial arrangements and distribution in a field and landscape, that ensures the best growing conditions for all crops. Crop rotation is thus a way to utilize the pe...
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Improving cultivation of lentil
Lentil is an important food legume in the semi-arid regions of the world where it can be grown successfully on limited soil moisture and in relatively poor soils. This chapter describes agronomic practices used in lentil-producing countries, addressing methods of land preparation, sowing, harvest...
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Advances in understanding carbohydrate requirements and utilization in dairy cattle
This chapter reviews advances in understanding carbohydrate requirements and utilization in dairy cattle. The chapter begins by first describing the importance of feed analysis, focusing specifically on fiber analysis. It then moves on to discuss detergent fibers, which is then followed by an ana...
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Improving fault detection and isolation in agricultural robotics
The robotization of agricultural tasks is booming globally, made possible thanks to the development of robotic platforms equipped with agricultural tools. These technological tools (sensors, effectors, etc.) can cause faults which compromise productivity. This chapter presents a review of state o...
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Understanding and improving the shelf-life of eggs
The shelf-life of eggs is determined by various government and industry agencies, as well as by retailers. It is based on the internal quality of the eggs and their microbiological safety. The avian egg possesses many intrinsic anti-microbial properties that are designed to ensure the safety of t...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of maize volume 2
Volume 2 covers methods for improving maize cultivation, from seed selection to nutrition, irrigation and techniques such as intercropping. It also reviews research on key pests and diseases and methods for their control in making cultivation more efficient and sustainable.
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Instant insights: crop rotations
This collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on crop rotations in agriculture.
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Life cycle assessment of mango systems
Mango production systems have seldom been studied using the methodology of life cycle assessment (LCA). Important challenges are associated with the application of LCA to the environmental evaluation of fruit systems in general and mango in particular. This chapter describes the core principles o...
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Key challenges in developing new fungicides
The use of fungicides to provide effective economic control of plant diseases has been an integral component of crop production systems since their widespread introduction from the 1940s onwards. Despite industry having been very successful in discovering and bringing new fungicides to the market...
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Advances in control of wheat diseases: fusarium head blight, wheat blast and powdery mildew
Fusarium head blight, wheat blast and powdery mildew are among the serious damaging diseases of wheat, which are caused by fungi of Ascomycota phylum. Integrated approaches are mandatory for efficient control of all three diseases. Control measures may either contribute to reducing the abundance ...
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Smart post-harvest technology to maintain quality and safety in fresh produce supply chains
In this chapter the main challenges for the postharvest management of fresh produce are summarised. Key areas where the use of new smart technologies can improve crop management are explored, starting with how environmental sensors can be integrated into internet of things (IoT) systems with pote...
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Bioactive compounds in coffee beans with beneficial health properties
In recent years, the health benefits of coffee beverage consumption have received considerable interest. This chapter describes the latest research on the potential health benefits of coffee components including caffeine, phenolics, trigonelline, cafestol and kahweol. The chapter pays particular ...
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Data-driven decision support tools in dairy herd health
This chapter describes the development process of data-driven decision support tools for dairy herd management with an emphasis on real-time continuous data integration and its applications on dairy herd health. It includes concepts on big data analysis, expert systems, and artificial intelligenc...
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Advances in understanding apple tree growth: rootstocks and planting systems
Recent research and development has investigated the factors influencing apple tree growth, with the ultimate aim of helping apple growers provide the market with fruit which is consistent in quality and which exhibits the features that consumers value, such as firmness, juiciness, colour and app...
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Egg quality: consumer preferences and measurement techniques
This chapter addresses consumer perceptions of egg quality and how the quality characteristics of eggs can be measured by using a variety of instrumental techniques. First, we consider what features consumers connect with egg quality. Fast, non-destructive techniques for providing an objective as...
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Factors affecting the reproductive efficiency of pigs
Solving problems associated with reproductive failure in sow herds can be a challenge. It is critical to meet breeding targets on a routine basis, and to achieve the appropriate farrowing rates and litter sizes. Reproductive failure interferes with the consistent production of pigs, which ultimat...
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Optimizing forest management for soil carbon sequestration
This chapter summarizes the effects of different forest management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and discusses whether and how they can be optimized under climate change. Afforestation and reforestation of C depleted arable soils typically increase SOC stocks, but on C-rich soils...
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Scaling cell production sustainably in cultured meat product development
Cultured meat is an emerging novel food with potential to address many of the shortcomings of meat produced through intensified animal farming. To date, only one cultured meat product has received regulatory approval for commercialisation in Singapore. However these are still available on an orde...
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Instant insights: ensuring the welfare of laying hens
This collection provides a comprehensive overview of the key welfare issues affecting laying hens, as well as the measures and practices which can be put in place to prevent their occurrence. Chapters review the range of welfare issues affecting laying hens in conventional cages, enriched cages a...
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Development of conservation agriculture systems globally
This chapter outlines the development of Conservation Agriculture (CA) system globally in terms of its origins, pioneers and champions, main drivers for its spread, CA systems involved, regional adoption, challenges and future prospects. Reducing soil disturbance by tillage began in the USA in th...
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Nutrition and soil management in banana cultivation
There is significant variation in banana production systems across the world, particularly at the level of soil management. However, research on plant nutrition and soil management in relation to bananas has been limited for a number of reasons: bananas are unusual in their physiology and managem...
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Challenges and initiatives in reducing postharvest food losses and food waste: sub-saharan africa
This chapter reviews food losses and waste in sub-Saharan Africa. It gives a general introduction to the terms ‘food loss’ and ‘food waste’ and how they differ. It focuses on the postharvest food losses occurring in sub-Saharan Africa and compares ‘objective measurements’ with ‘perceptions’ of fo...
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Supporting smallholders in tea cultivation
This chapter describes how smallholder organization can be strengthened to support tea cultivation. Smallholders are weak in terms of productivity owing to low yields and lack of working capital in comparison with large state-owned and private plantations. The chapter describes how the transition...
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Maintaining soil health in africa
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has a wide variety of natural ecosystem resources, including soils, vegetation, water and genetic diversity. However, land degradation in SSA is intensifying at an alarming rate, and this region has the lowest agriculture and livestock yields of any region in the world. T...
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Application of genomic selection in commercial egg-type populations
The important traits for commercial egg production are lifetime egg production, feed consumed per egg produced, and various internal and external egg quality traits. These traits are expressed only in females and thus the selection of males can only be done indirectly based on the performance of ...
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Advances in biopesticides for insect control in horticulture
Horticulture covers the production and sale of many of the staple foods of the world; fruit, nuts and vegetables. As pressures on food production increase through a reduction in available land and the increasing population, more intensive production also leads to more issues with pest insects. B...
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Accounting for uncertainties in modeling the impact of climate change on agriculture
Model-based climate change impact assessments involve uncertainties given the many physical, biological and socio-economic processes involved and their complexity. Among other things, uncertainties arise from unknown future development of greenhouse gas emissions and uncertainties in climate chan...
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Post-harvest risk management of biological hazards encountered in horticultural produce
Fresh produce remains the main cause of foodborne illness outbreaks implicating a diverse range of enteric pathogens. The primary source of pathogens is pre-harvest contamination, which then become disseminated during processing. This chapter provides an overview of fresh produce related foodborn...
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Using phenotyping techniques to predict and model grain yield: translating phenotyping into genetic gain
Recent models predict population to peak in 2064 at around 9.7 billion, and then will likely decline to about 8.8 billion by 2100. This requires to increase crop production significantly. Precise phenotyping of the large breeding populations under diverse environments is required to harness the f...
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Hot weather management of poultry
Maintaining an environment that minimizes stress on poultry is a significant part of obtaining a healthy bird that reaches its full genetic potential. One challenge that producers face is preventing heat stress and maintaining performance in hot weather conditions. By keeping bird body temperatur...
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Advances in microbial control in ipm: entomopathogenic viruses
Although there are several families of viruses known to include insect pathogens, only a handful are recognised to have species with any potential of being biopesticides. The majority of these are baculoviruses and are an ideal component of an integrated pest management (IPM) programme, as they a...
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Valorizing byproducts from broiler processing: biologics and sustainability
Poultry production and processing continue to expand globally. In addition to traditional poultry meat products, a wide range of byproducts are also produced which do not end up as human food. Poultry coproducts are generally classified as edible or nonedible, however, their downstream use depend...
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Diseases affecting wheat: septoria tritici blotch
Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is one of the most common and economically important diseases of wheat worldwide. This chapter evaluates various methods of disease management, considering the key developments of recent decades, the major challenges encountered and the future trajectory of this work...
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Processing rice straw and husks as co-products
This chapter focuses on by-product processing and management in the rice sector. The first section reviews rice residue availability. The following sections describe rice residue processing technologies, including on-field and off-field options. On-field processing focuses mainly on composting an...
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Supporting women smallholders involved in small-scale chicken production
By the end of the 1990s research had clearly established that women had a good control over the benefit resulting from small-scale chicken use and sale. This paper analyses the differences between gender-blind and gender-aware approaches in dealing with small-scale chicken production. Three case ...
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Grazing management for sustainable grazing systems
Grasslands play a key role in soil, water and biodiversity conservation and deliver numerous other ecosystem and cultural services. This chapter defines key terms associated with grassland grazing systems, with a particular emphasis on the meaning of grazing management and sustainable intensifica...
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