Collection: Technology & Engineering
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Advances in understanding and improving the use of macro-minerals in poultry nutrition: the example of phosphorus
This chapter describes advances in understanding and improving the use of macro-minerals in poultry with a particular focus on phosphorus (P). The chapter begins by outlining the challenges to optimising mineral nutrition in poultry, covering the characterisation of the P value in feed ingredient...
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Key issues and challenges of integrated weed management
In order to intensify agricultural productivity while at the same time enhance ecosystem services, it is necessary to evaluate carefully how current weed-management technologies are deployed, including herbicides and herbicide-resistant crops. Herbicide chemistries and herbicide-resistant crops h...
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Developing barley crops for improved brewing quality
Barley remains the most important raw material for the brewing industry. Consequently, breeders strive to develop barley varieties for the brewhouse that enable an energy efficient and economical industrial brewing process. However, converting barley into beer is a complex process involving sever...
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Breeding improved varieties of cowpea
Cowpea is an important source of nutritious food and fodder and it is grown as an integral component of various cropping systems in the semi-arid tropics and sub-tropics covering over 65 countries. This chapter describes existing cowpea programs and past challenges, with a particular focus on cow...
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Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture for sustainable development
Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, a common concern of all countries, are critically important for the sustainable production of the significantly more nutritious food needed to feed an ever-growing population in the face of climate change and other drivers. This entails the transl...
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Zero-tillage cultivation of maize
Zero-till cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) is a relatively widely used production system whereby the only soil disturbance occurs with the seeding operation. The system aims to reduce erosion, improve soil physical attributes, decrease costs, and improve long-term sustainability of maize cultiv...
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Developments in thermal imaging techniques to assess livestock health
This chapter reviews the use of infrared thermography as a tool in precision livestock farming to assess livestock health. It assesses key challenges such as accounting to ambient environmental conditions as well as the development of infrared thermography technologies to address these challenges...
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The crop, land, and soil simulation (classim) group of models
Process-level crop models integrate mathematical representations of the soil-plant-atmosphere with genetic, environment, and management factors. These tools support a range of needs including on-farm decision support, scientific inquiry, crop breeding, and climate impact assessments. The USDA-ARS...
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Diseases affecting oil palm
The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the world’s major sources of edible oil and a precursor of biodiesel fuel. This chapter reviews the oil palm diseases which act as a major production constraint in West Africa, South East Asia and South and Central America. The chapter also describ...
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Advances in monitoring forest growth and health
Information derived from monitoring the status of and trends in forest resources is a critical tool for policymakers, managers, and other environmental decision makers. Advances in forest monitoring technology, particularly in the use of remote sensing, have helped deliver higher quality informat...
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Ageing, physical and chemical methods for improving tenderness and palatability of beef
The biochemical understanding of tenderization has helped in the design of more targeted approaches to improve beef tenderness through the utilization of specific enzymes. There has also been development of technologies such as SmartStretch™ and the Pi-Vac Elasto-Pack System®, which offer industr...
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The role of field margins in biodiversity conservation in agroecosystems
This chapter reviews research on ways of modifying the agricultural landscape to reverse the decline in a range of fauna and flora. The chapter starts by looking at the span of options for promoting biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. It then focuses on field margins, their characteristics a...
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Advanced technologies to accelerate sorghum breeding
Sorghum is a critically important crop, yet advanced technologies for its improvement have lagged behind other crops like rice and maize. This chapter first summarizes some of the current technologies beyond conventional breeding methods that can be utilized for crop improvement in sorghum. Some ...
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Russian wheat aphid (diuraphis noxia): an overview
Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) occurs on all the world’s continents and has been extensively studied. This chapter aims to give an overview of this somewhat unusual grain aphid. The damage this aphid can cause is notorious, however focusing on commonalities associated with pesti...
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Drainage systems to support sustainable water use
In arid and semi-arid regions of the world, rainfall is supplemented by irrigation, and drainage is needed to prevent irrigation-induced waterlogging and soil salinization. Drainage systems are man-made systems that are only implemented when natural drainage is insufficient for a satisfactory for...
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Understanding smallholders in oil palm cultivation: a case study from sumatra
This chapter provides insights about oil palm smallholders in the Riau province of Sumatra, Indonesia, based on two recent sets of data. Based on two surveys conducted in 2013 and in 2015, the chapter characterises smallholders’ production structures, relying on the methodological framework elabo...
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Key challenges in breeding durable disease-resistant cereals: north africa and west asia
This chapter reviews progress and challenges in breeding disease-resistant cereals in the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region. It discusses challenges in ensuring durable resistance in the face of constantly-evolving pathogen threats. It includes case studies on progress in combatting rust d...
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Pre- and post-harvest strategies to optimize fruit quality and shelf life
Ensuring a sustainable tree fruit industry with regard to post-harvest quality management involves engaging approaches and technologies that encompass both pre- and post-harvest issues. The adoption of new, non-destructive technologies is important for quantifying and evaluating the challenge of ...
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Fertigation techniques for efficient water and nutrient use in agriculture
Irrigated agriculture constitutes about 20% of the total cultivated land in the world, has much higher crop productivity compared to rainfed agriculture and contributes significantly to meeting the challenge of feeding the world. However, water resources are very limited, especially in the arid a...
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Advances in understanding the genetics of sow prolificacy: reproductive performance, trade-offs and management solutions
Genetic selection for higher ovulation rate has increased the number of piglets born per litter. The increase in litter size has been accompanied by an increased proportion of low birthweight piglets and piglets with signs of intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR), Conception rates have increase...
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Advances in sustainable dairy cattle nutrition
This collection reviews the wealth of research on recent advances in improving dairy cattle nutrition to balance the needs of animals with minimising the environmental impact of both livestock feed and dairy production.
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Modelling impacts of agriculture on freshwater
Agriculture greatly impacts water resources due to the high volumes of irrigation water consumed in crop production. Additionally, agricultural activities affect hydrological cycles through land-use changes and soil modifications, which may lead to pollution of water bodies. On a local level, the...
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Ripening systems for bananas
The correct ripening of bananas is essential for optimum taste, appearance, shelf life and consumer satisfaction. This chapter reviews the skills and technologies needed for successful ripening, together with innovations and recent developments. Advice on procedures and best practice throughout t...
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Advances in the use of biocontrol agents to control diseases in potatoes
Potato production faces significant challenges from a wide range of diseases, which have traditionally been managed using synthetic fungicides. However, increasing concerns over environmental impacts, the development of pathogen resistance, and public health risks have led to the exploration of b...
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Pressures on tropical forests: agriculture, trade and illegality
This chapter reviews some of the main pressures on tropical forests, starting with an overview of recent rates of deforestation. The drivers of this loss of tropical forests are summarised, and the main ones – clearance of forests for agriculture, often linked to global trade flows, and, to a les...
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Welfare issues affecting free-range laying hens
Free-range laying hen production systems involve providing flocks of hens with the chance to use minimally controlled outdoor areas, rather than keeping them in intensive, environmentally controlled, indoor housing. Such systems are considered more natural and ethical. However, highly productive ...
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Improving the management of parasites in organic dairy farming
Parasites of animals constitute an important part of any ecosystem, including livestock production systems. This chapter summarizes the most important internal parasite infections and problems typically recognized in organic dairy farming, including cryptosporidiosis and coccidiosis in young calv...
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Humic substances (hs) as plant biostimulants in agriculture
This chapter reviews how humic substances (HS) can be used as plant biostimulants in agriculture. It begins by describing how humic substances are produced and highlights different characteristics of these substances. It then goes on to review how humic substances can be used in terms of plant gr...
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Advances in the use of entomopathogenic bacteria/microbial control agents (mcas) as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests
Biopesticides based on entomopathogenic bacteria are the most economically successful microbial pesticides and an effective and safe alternative to increase sustainability of agricultural crop production. Hallmarks of bacterial biopesticides include potent and highly specific insecticidal activit...
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The principles of organic livestock farming
Organic animal farming is guided by considerations of naturalness, systems thinking and sustainability, and the four IFOAM principles of health, ecology, fairness and care. The principle of health emphasises the connectedness of different parts of the system and seeks high animal health status th...
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Mango cultivation in greenhouses
Mangoes are grown throughout South East Asia and in around one hundred countries all over the tropical and subtropical belt. In Japan, as well as in Spain and Portugal, they are cultivated in greenhouses and specific techniques are used to maximise the production and quality and to ensure efficie...
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Biopesticides for sustainable agriculture
Part 1 of this collection reviews research on developing and assessing new biopesticides. Part 2 summarises advances in different types of entomopathogenic biopesticide. Part 3 assesses semiochemical, peptide-based and other natural substance-based biopesticides.
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Developments in automated systems for monitoring livestock health: lameness
Lameness is a key issue for commercially managed livestock species such as dairy cattle. Lameness can lead to significant economic impacts for farmers and to ongoing health and welfare problems for animals. However, lameness detection remains a difficult and time-consuming task and there is a nee...
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Studying agri-food supply chains: an analytical framework
Agri-food supply chains have unique characteristics and challenges for which we need an appropriate analytical framework. In addressing these issues, we first discuss agri-food supply chain characteristics, after which we provide a framework for designing agri-food supply chains. The chapter also...
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Improving nutrient management in sugarcane cultivation
A nutrient management strategy which relies on the total replacement of all nutrients in the biomass is not sustainable from an economic or environmental point of view. This chapter therefore reviews more sustainable strategies for nutrient management in sugarcane cultivation. It begins by discus...
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Humane slaughter techniques for pigs
For pigs, the day of slaughter includes a variety of potentially stressful elements, and this leads to animal welfare concerns. This chapter reviews how recent research can be applied in the development of new technologies and procedures to ensure a high level of welfare for pigs, while also incr...
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Achieving sustainable cultivation of wheat volume 2
Volume 2 discusses ways of improving cultivation from variety selection to post-harvest storage. It reviews trends in integrated crop management, sustainable intensification and organic cultivation before concluding by looking at ways of supporting smallholders in the developing world.
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The use of marker-assisted selection in developing improved varieties of soybean
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) for soybean improvement is based on over two thousand mapped loci. In genetics databases there are thousands of mapped loci that underlie quantitative traits, oligogenic traits and simple traits. This chapter describes examples of methods for developing and using D...
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Instant insights: economics of agriculture
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the economics of key elements of agriculture, including irrigation, agricultural robotics and integrated weed management.
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Instant insights: african swine fever
This collection synthesises and reviews the research on key aspects of understanding, tracking and preventing African swine fever. Chapters consider the causes and epidemiology of the disease, identification and surveillance, as well as recent research efforts on developing a vaccine.
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Advances in modified atmosphere and active packaging of horticultural produce
The science and technology of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), continues to expand not only within the industry but also in terms of the technologies that are becoming available. MAP has transitioned from a standalone technology to a platform where unique science and technologies can be incor...
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Advances in plant phenotyping for more sustainable crop production
This collection reviews the wealth of research on advances in phenotyping and the influential role it plays in identifying the relative importance of genetic, environmental and agronomic factors in determining complex plant traits, such as yield and resource-use efficiency.
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Robot-enhanced insect pest control: reality or fantasy?
This chapter focusses on the incorporation of robotics and automation to detect insect pests within integrated pest management (IPM) programmes. The chapter reviews current technology that could be utilized for this purpose, and identifies significant barriers to implementing such an approach, in...
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The impact of climate change on wheat insect pests: current knowledge and future trends
Assessments of sustainability of wheat production systems under climate change must eventually include projected impacts on pests, weeds and diseases. Generating these projections is challenging because of the various mechanisms by which climate change can influence prevalence and impacts of thes...
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The scope and challenge of sustainable forestry
Forests have managed to sustain themselves for millennia, recovering, reorganizing or migrating in response to innumerable disruptions. Humans have always reaped the benefits of this natural ability of treed ecosystems to renew themselves. Overharvesting of wood for fuel and building materials, h...
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Breeding, delivery, use and benefits of bio-fortified cassava
Cassava’s high caloric value, as well as its ability to tolerate dry conditions and poor soils, makes it a key food security crop in developing countries, particularly in Africa. It serves as a rich source of carbohydrates, and also contains appreciable amounts of calcium and vitamin C. However, ...
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Preventing mycotoxin contamination in groundnut cultivation
Aflatoxin contamination of crops and food poses a substantial threat to humans and livestock worldwide. Preventing various Aspergillus species from becoming established and growing on peanuts (groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L.) can reduce aflatoxin contamination. This chapter describes factors that...
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Designing and formulating microbial and non-microbial biostimulants
This chapter provides the first overview of the optimal design and formulation of microbial and non-microbial biostimulants. The production steps for a plant biostimulant are first presented and discussed, and then two successful case studies of plant biostimulant development are reported in deta...
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Developments in cacao breeding programmes in africa and the americas
This chapter explores the main developments in cacao breeding programmes in Trinidad, Brazil, Ecuador and Costa Rica in the Americas; and Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Cameroon in Africa. The different types of commercial cacao cultivars and breeding programme objectives are described. Heterosi...
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The use of treated wastewater for crop irrigation
The reuse of treated wastewater for crop irrigation is important in the effective use of scarce water resources in ensuring a stable supply and in recovery of nutrients. This chapter explains the composition of wastewater, methods for treatment and guidelines for reuse for crop irrigation, includ...
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Water management for sustainable agriculture
There is increasing competition for water resources with declining aquifer reserves and lower rainfall in some areas due to climate change. This volume reviews research into topics such as more sustainable use of groundwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and water management.
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Improving organic agriculture in the developing world: africa
The continent of Africa accounts for 25% of the world’s arable land and yet produces just 10% of the global agricultural output. Against the backdrop of the challenges to agriculture in Africa, the African heads of states took a decision in 2011 to integrate organic agriculture into the mainstrea...
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Palm oil and health
Palm oil is often criticized for its supposed effects on human health, due to its high saturated fatty acid content. However, it is this high saturated fatty acid content (50%) which makes it a solid oil, and therefore a good technological alternative to partially hydrogenated trans fatty acids. ...
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Trade-offs between management and conservation for the provision of ecosystem services in the southern patagonian forests
Forests provide critical ecosystem services for human well-being; however, some ecosystem services are more valued (e.g. provisioning services) than others (e.g. regulating or supporting services). Temperate regions contain several forests affected by humans, mainly with regard to ecosystem servi...
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Key ethical issues in livestock farming
This chapter assumed the practical application of animal ethics in agriculture as necessary for animal ethics and for those who work with animals in agriculture. It is intended to provide an overview of the main areas of ethical concern stemming from the use of animals as livestock. The first sec...
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Innovative agriculture management to foster soil organic carbon sequestration
There is a need to develop new strategies to maintain and increase food production on degraded agricultural soils while decreasing the environmental impact of agricultural production. These strategies can be based on the concept of soil as a ‘natural bioreactor”, including modulation of Al/Fe com...
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Competitive exclusion treatment to control pathogens in poultry
Competitive Exclusion (CE) describes the protective effect of the intestinal microflora against colonization of pathogenic bacteria. This review presents the background and current use of the CE concept to prevent Salmonella infections in poultry, by administration of cultures of intestinal origi...
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Understanding the behaviour and improving the welfare of dairy cattle
This collection summarises and reviews the wealth of research relating specifically to dairy cattle, including understanding behaviour, monitoring welfare and improving current welfare practices.
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Organic beef farming: key characteristics, opportunities, advantages, and challenges
This chapter offers an overview of the current status of organic beef production systems and emphasizes the need for more data to better characterize this farm system. It also offers an overview of the course of farm conversion, together with the available resources and options to determine the c...
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Double strand break (dsb) repair pathways in plants and their application in genome engineering
In genome engineering, after targeted induction of double strand breaks (DSBs) researchers take advantage of the organisms’ own repair mechanisms to induce different kinds of sequence changes into the genome. Therefore, understanding of the underlying mechanisms is essential. This chapter will re...
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Instant insights: fungal diseases of apples
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews discussing fungal diseases of apples.
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Controversies surrounding the impact of the fat content of beef on human health
Whether ‘red’ or ‘processed meat’ intake is related to adverse health outcomes in the US population and other developed countries is an often-debated concept. Beef frequently is a focus of such discussions because of its contribution to saturated fat in the diet. This chapter examines the evide...
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The role and challenges of the private sector in supplying inputs to smallholders
This chapter focuses on analysis of the private sector input supply to smallholders, in Africa. The goal of the chapter is to describe and discuss challenges of the private sector when working with smallholders. There is special emphasis of reliability of demand, purchasing power and logistics th...
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Advances and challenges in sustainable peach production
By adopting precise management techniques, growers can reduce the environmental impact of fruit growing, without sacrificing quality and yields, while maintaining income. This chapter discusses how improvements in sustainable peach production can be achieved by an interaction among quite varied d...
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Managing irrigation for soil health in arid and semi-arid regions
Irrigated arid and semi-arid regions of the world account for more than 40% of the global crop production. Managing soil health while simultaneously increasing water use efficiency in these areas is challenging, but critical to future global food security. This chapter describes production practi...
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Improving water management in agriculture
This collection considers current challenges facing irrigated agriculture and reviews the wealth of research on the range of interventions which can be applied to address these challenges, from understanding and managing water flows at the watershed scale, through to improved use of water resources.
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Agroecosystem models for delivering ecosystem services
Agroecosystems are complex representations of the interactions occurring among multiple biological systems at the field and landscape scale. Models simulating these interactions across time and space are not very mature and expanding our current knowledge on crop, pest, and soils models provides ...
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Negotiating the intersection of gender and race in agriculture
Agri-food scholars have long documented the deep-rooted social, cultural, and political issues that plague global agricultural systems. Still, there is a noticeable lack of empirical research examining the intersections of gender and race and their profound impact on individuals' lived experience...
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Instant insights: optimising photosynthesis in crops
This collection explores the need to optimise the C3 photosynthesis cycle in crop production to boost crop yields and improve agricultural productivity. Chapters review how the yields of key agricultural crops, including rice and wheat, can be increased through photosynthetic improvement.
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Instant insights: improving the sustainability of dairy production
This book provides a detailed overview of recent research that considers how modern dairy production can be optimised to reduce its environmental impact and contribute to achieving a more sustainable agriculture.
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Integrated pest management of insect, nematode and mite pests of tea
This chapter describes the various strategies that are being implemented in different countries to manage pests of tea using integrated pest management (IPM) programmes to ensure they do not reach economic injury levels. The chapter explores methods of mechanical, biological, cultural and chemica...
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Fungicide resistance: evolutionary questions and practical implications
The evolution of resistance is a major threat to the efficacy of fungicides. Therefore, to achieve more durable crop protection, we must understand the evolutionary processes driving resistance, in order to apply more effective strategies to manage the risk. The inherent resistance risk of a fung...
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Site-specific weed management
Weeds vary in species and density across fields, but an attempt at uniform management is typically implemented. In this chapter, we review the definition and underpinnings of site-specific weed management, and discuss how information about weed spatial and temporal variability can be used to dete...
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Agri-food supply chains in southern and eastern europe
This chapter describes the fundamental characteristics of the food systems of Eastern and Southern Europe, paying particular attention to their agro-export nature and the late predominance of large-scale distribution companies in their markets. The chapter then reviews the unsustainability of thi...
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Advances in seed priming techniques
Seed priming is a technique involving seed hydration and drying which aims to increase germination speed and to synchronize germination to ensure a more uniform crop stand and yield. This chapter focusses on recent developments in priming from the point of view of the seed industry. It assesses t...
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Sorghum cultivation and improvement in west and central africa
The diversity of sorghum cultivated in Africa attests to the African origin of this crop. Farmers in West and Central Africa (WCA) have developed strategies of using varietal diversity to minimize risk and maximize productivity in the context of complex and diverse adaptive challenges. This chapt...
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Managing surface water for irrigation
As the world’s population increases, so does the pressure on water resources to ensure that agriculture continues to meet global food demand. One way of coping with this increased pressure is to improve the management of surface water resources for irrigation, for instance to reduce water losses ...
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Infocrop: a process-based dynamic crop simulation model for analysing genotype x environment interactions in tropical crops
This chapter explains the development, key components, and applications of InfoCrop: a process-based, dynamic simulation model developed by Indian scientists to simulate the growth, development, and yield of major tropical crops. These include wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, soybean, c...
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Soil and soil health: an overview
Soil health is an urgent concern because of the need to manage soil resources better to meet food and other security imperatives. The different meanings of soil ‘quality’ and ‘health’ are explained. Soil health is defined as an integrative property of the biotic and abiotic components of the soil...
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Preventing food losses and waste to achieve food security and sustainability
Around one third of all food production is lost or wasted. This book provides a comprehensive review of the causes and prevention of food losses and waste at key steps in the supply chain, for different commodities and across particular regions.
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Advances in rapid detection of zoonotic pathogens in poultry production and processing environments
In recent years poultry meat and egg consumption has seen an exponential increase worldwide. There is therefore a strong demand for ensuring the microbiological safety of poultry products. The main pathogenic bacteria in poultry meat and eggs are Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., Listeri...
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Advances in non-destructive testing of egg quality
A wide range of non-destructive techniques have been proven to be useful tools for shell egg quality and freshness evaluation. They might be a strategic solution to replace – or highly reduce – traditional destructive and laboratory level methods for shell egg quality and freshness assessment. In...
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Advances in understanding and improving the role of enzymes in poultry nutrition
This chapter reviews the current status of research on feed enzymes with an emphasis on identifying the key challenges researchers face in terms of current trends in enzyme development, mechanism(s) of action and enzyme efficacy. It also addresses new research directions and the development of co...
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Grasslands and climate change
Grassland ecosystems are vital in global carbon cycling, biodiversity conservation, and agricultural productivity. As ecosystems typically bordering arid or semiarid zones, they are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, which will alter key environmental drivers such as temper...
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Bacterial diseases affecting apples
Bacterial diseases present an ongoing challenge to the sustainability of apple production. Fire blight is a serious economic threat to apple production in regions of the world where it occurs, and it it is used as an example to present the key issues and challenges which bacterial diseases raise ...
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Instant insights: drought-resistant crops
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on drought-resistant crops.
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Sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites affecting sheep
The threat of anthelmintic resistance has loomed over recommendations to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep for several decades, and in some regions GIN is threatening the sustainability of sheep farming. This chapter describes the current state of options to achieve sustainable c...
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Ecological impacts of pesticides and their mitigation within ipm systems
Chemicals, frequently the main method of pest control in agriculture, have negative effects on natural enemies that also control pests. Mitigation of pesticide impacts depends on increasing the role of natural enemies, reducing chemical application while still controlling pests and maintaining yi...
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Developments in the system of rice intensification (sri)
The system of rice intensification (SRI) is a combination of management practices developed in Madagascar some 30 years ago to make the cultivation of irrigated rice more productive. This chapter reviews how the SRI has evolved over the past 15 years as its efficacy has been demonstrated in over...
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The development of sugarcane cultivation
Sugarcane is considered one of the most efficient plants on the planet given its capacity to transform solar energy into chemical energy with high carbon fixation rates. It has traditionally been exploited for sucrose production, but has now also gained importance for energy and ethanol productio...
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Bio-ecology of major insect and mite pests of tomato crops in the tropics
In tropical climates, tomato production is severely constrained by insect and mite pests. The use of broad-spectrum chemical pesticides can make this problem worse, since it can eliminate the natural enemies of these pests. Changes in cropping system and the impacts of a warming climate can also ...
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The nutritional potential of grain legumes: an economic perspective
Present-day food systems leave a substantial share of the world’s population malnourished. Though rates of undernutrition have been falling, many people continue to suffer from micronutrient malnutrition and rates of overnutrition are rapidly increasing. This chapter argues that the increased rol...
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Advances in understanding and improving the role of amino acids in poultry nutrition
Dietary amino acids are central to optimizing growth performance, meat yield, and egg production of poultry. This chapter addresses amino acid digestibility coefficients for feed ingredients, digestible amino acid requirements of poultry based on production efficiency, and the role of supplementa...
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Advances in visual soil evaluation techniques
Soil structure is a complex and dynamic soil property that constitutes a key aspect of soil health. Soil structure assessment can be evaluated in the field by visual soil evaluation techniques. Development and improvement of these techniques/methods have been the focus of numerous soil scientists...
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Durum wheat: production, challenges and opportunities
Durum wheat is principally used for the manufacture of pasta, couscous and, to a lesser extent, in the production of bulgur and bread. This chapter explores the challenges and opportunities of durum wheat production in the twenty-first century, addressing globally important production as well as ...
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The value of one health and one welfare approaches in promoting the health and welfare of organic dairy cattle
There is a clear need for an integrated approach to human, animal and ecological health reflecting the four organic principles of Health, Ecology, Fairness and Care and their supporting text. In the early 2000s, the One Health approach was established to recognise the strong links between human h...
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Understanding post-harvest deterioration of mangoes
Post-harvest deterioration in the quality of mangoes is determined in large measure by pre-harvest factors ranging from the cultivar grown to orchard management and harvest practices. This chapter describes the changes related to ripening in mangoes and the pre-harvest, in-harvest and post-harves...
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Women in smallholder pig farming: negotiating inequalities in uganda’s pig value chains
Women play a central role in agricultural value chains by doing work and investing resources across value chains from production to consumption of the products. However, as agricultural value chains commercialize or upgrade, women risk being marginalized and eliminated from commercial activities ...
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Using macroalgae/seaweed and microalgae in poultry feed
This chapter describes the main nutritional characteristics of algae and the current knowledge on their effects in poultry production with consideration to their impacts on animal health, growth performance, and product quality (eggs and meat). The chemical and nutritional value of algae is explo...
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Organic poultry farming: opportunities and challenges
Poultry constitute a fascinating and diverse group of animals with huge potentials to adapt to many local conditions and to be integrated into a wide variety of organic farming systems throughout the world. Poultry herds fit into many different farm settings throughout the world, including the di...
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