Official documents issued under David I illustrate Scotland's transformation into a feudally-organised kingdom open to English and European influences.
David I was one of the most renowned rulers of western Europe of his time; his reign saw the transformation of Scotland into a feudally-organised kingdom open to a large variety of influences from England and Europe. This edition,the first for over ninety years, brings together all the known surviving official documents (charters, letters, administrative commands and so on) issued in his own name, and those of his only son Henry, effectively joint ruler with his father from c.1135 to his death in 1152. They are edited from the best manuscript sources and are provided with summaries and editorial comment. A detailed introduction analyses the form and content of the material, and the volume is completed with substantial indexes of persons, places, subjects and technical terms. G.W.S BARROWis former Professor of Scottish History at the University of Edinburgh.
Stephen S. Evans
The Lords of Battle
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First study of the Dark Age comitatus, or warband, drawing evidence from literary and historical sources.
The Lords of Battle examines the image of the comitatus, or warband, as it is portrayed in literary and historical sources from Britain's early medieval period, attempting to determine the extent to which it reflectsan historical reality. Through an extensive use of a variety of source material, literary, historical, and archaeological, the book investigates both the structure of the warband, and the practices and institutions which supported it. After a review of the historical background of Dark Age Britain, Stephen Evans explores the practical characteristics of the comitatus: its military organisation; its internal social structure and its place within society as a whole; and the lord-retainer relationship, its duties and obligations. He also examines the cultural, social, and economic institutions which produced and supported the warband. Overall, the study provides a numberof insights into the ideals and practices of Britain's Celtic and Anglo-Saxon warrior-élites during a turbulent period.
Dr STEPHEN EVANS gained his PhD from Temple University.
Susan Mumm
All Saints Sisters of the Poor
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The life of a Victorian religious community, both within the privacy of the convent and in its work in the wider world, including front-line nursing.
This book introduces readers to the life of a Victorian religious community, both within the privacy of the convent and in its work in the wider world, based on documents preserved by the Society of All Saints Sisters of the Poor.It begins by using the memoirs of first-generation members of the community, a colourful and human introduction to the Anglican 're-invention' of monastic life in the second half of the nineteenth century. The section on government includes the power struggles between the sisters and the religious establishment, and the community's determination to retain its identity after the death of the mother foundress. The sisters nursed with the newly-formed Red Cross in the Franco-Prussian War, work recorded in a diary which discusses the difficulties and dangers of Victorian front-line nursing. Most of all, the documents reveal the challenges and excitement of the struggle to establish awomen's community, to be unfettered in their work with the poor and suffering, and to govern themselves, in a world dominated by men largely hostile to their aspirations. SUSAN MUMM is lecturer in religious studies at the OpenUniversity, Milton Keynes.
Michael C Prestwich
Thirteenth Century England IX
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Studies on the cultural, social, political and economic history of the age.
This collection presents new and original research on the long thirteenth century, from c.1180-c.1330, including England's relations with Wales and Ireland. The range of topics embraces royal authority and its assertion and limitation, the great royal inquests and judicial reform of the reign of Edward I, royal manipulation of noble families, weakening royal administration at the end of the century, sex and love in the upper levels of society, monastic/layrelations, and the administration of building projects.
Contributors: RUTH BLAKELY, NICOLA COLDSTREAM, BETH HARTLAND, CHARLES INSLEY, ANDY KING, SAMANTHA LETTERS, JOHN MADDICOTT, MARC MORRIS, ANTHONY MUSSON, DAVIDA. POSTLES, MICHAEL PRESTWICH, SANDRA G. RABAN, BJORN WEILER, JOCELYN WOGAN-BROWNE, ROBERT WRIGHT.
THE EDITORS are all in the Department of History, University of Durham.
Katherine J. Lewis
The Cult of St Katherine of Alexandria in Late Medieval England
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First large-scale study of widespread saint's cult reveals valuable detail of medieval life.
The cult of St Katherine of Alexandria enjoyed great popularity throughout the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, retaining a wide appeal right up to the Reformation; she appears in a wide variety of contexts, in association withconcepts of royal and civic power, by the end of the period becoming identified as a British saint, and acting as a model of the ideal lay Christian and a paradigm of femininity and young womanhood. This study, the first full-scale interdisciplinary examination of a saint's cult in late medieval England, looks at the processes by which she came to have such a prominent place in the devotions of English men and women from across the wide social scale; using written and visual narratives of Katherine's life, in combination with documentary evidence provided by wills, inventories and gild returns, the author shows how devotees perceived and responded to her, and the various religious, social and cultural roles assigned to her.
Dr KATHERINE J. LEWIS teaches at the University of Huddersfield.
K.S.B. Keats-Rohan
Domesday People
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A major genealogical advance: the first authoritative and complete biographical register of persons occurring in Domesday Book.
This is the first of two volumes offering for the first time an authoritative and complete prosopography of post-Conquest England, 1066-1166. Based on extensive and wide-ranging research, the two volumes contain over eight thousand entries on persons occurring in the principal English administrative sources for the post-Conquest period -- Domesday Book, the Pipe Rolls, and Cartae Baronum. Continental origin is a major focus of the entries, as well as the discussion of family and descent of fees which characterise the whole work; genealogical tables are included. An introduction discusses Domesday prosopography; an appendix gives the Latin texts of the Northamptonshire and Lindsey surveys. Post-Conquest genealogy and manorial history start with Domesday Book: genealogists will welcome this work.
Dr KATHERINE KEATS-ROHAN was awarded the Prix Brant IV de Koskull 1998 by the Confederation Internationale de Genealogie et d'Heraldique for her work on Domesday People. She is Director of the Linacre Unit for Prosopographical Research.
Emily Albu
The Normans in their Histories: Propaganda, Myth and Subversion
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Contemporary historians overtly eulogising the Norman achievement are shown to have employed a variety of literary strategies to convey implicitly their treacherous and predatory ways.
The first Normans were Rollo and his fellow Vikings, marauders from the north, who fashioned the county [later the Duchy] of Normandy from lands won at the mouth of the Seine in about 911, making Rouen their capital. The heirs ofthese pagan Northmen contrived a brilliant transformation of themselves into Christian warriors, and went on to conquer England, southern Italy and Sicily, and even distant Antioch, in the process carving out a dynamic reputationthroughout Western Europe and the Mediterranean. Norman princes encouraged the celebration of these remarkable achievements in histories written to verify the legitimacy of their claims to settle and dominate their lands. From Dudo of Saint-Quentin [late tenth/early eleventh centuries] to the twelfth-century vernacular histories of Wace and Benoit, the Norman historical tradition largely acceded to these expectations: beneath the surface, however, virtually all the histories told a contrary story, condemning the Normans as treacherous to kin and ally as well as to foe. Emily Albu examines the myths the historians fashioned, and the other literary strategies they employed, to expose and explain the wolfish predation at the core of Normanness.
EMILY ALBU is Assistant Professor of Classics, University of California, Davis.
Michael C Prestwich
Thirteenth Century England VII
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An indispensable series for anyone who wishes to keep abreast of recent work in the field. WELSH HISTORY REVIEW
The continued vitality and rich diversity of thirteenth-century studies is demonstrated in this latest volume in the series. Economic and social history is particular well-served, with a close examination of the concept of "bastard feudalism", while a detailed exploration of the cloth industry and trade, together with a paper on London wardrobes, with their implications of conspicuous consumption, add much to our knowledge of the commercial world during the period. There is also a particular focus on English relations with Wales and Scotland under Edward I, and on the early history and development of parliament. Other subjects treated include the nature of Englishness; the serjeants of the Common Pleas; English verse chronicles; and Henry III's marriage plans.
Professor MICHAEL PRESTWICH, Professor ROBIN FRAME and the late Professor RICHARD BRITNELL taught at the Department of History at the University of Durham.
Contributors: SUSAN REYNOLDS, J.R. MADDICOTT, SCOTT L. WAUGH, DEREK KEENE, PAUL BRAND, JOHN H. MUNRO, THEA SUMMERFIELD, REBECCA READER, MICHAEL PRESTWICH, BJÖRN WEILER, J. BEVERLEY SMITH, ALAN YOUNG, MICHAEL HASKELL, HUGO SCHWYZER
Andrew Ayton
Knights and Warhorses
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Dr Ayton has transformed understanding of Edward III's armies - compulsory reading for anyone interested in the Hundred Years War. WAR IN HISTORY [Michael Prestwich]
The mounted, armoured knight is one of the most potent symbols of medieval civilisation; indeed, for much of the middle ages the armoured warhorse was what defined a man as a member of the military class. However, despite the status of the knightly warrior in medieval society, the military service of the later medieval English aristocracy remains an unaccountably neglected subject, and the warhorse itself has never attracted a major study based upon archival sources. This book seeks to open up new fields of research: it focuses on the horse inventories, documents which offer detailed lists of men-at-arms and their appraised warhorses, the valuation of which is a measure of its owner's social and military status. Dr Ayton is primarily concerned with the inventories and related records for Edward III's reign, a period which witnessed significant changes in the organisation of the English fighting machine. Thedocuments produced during this period of `military revolution' cast valuable light on the character and attitudes of the aristocratic military community at a time when its traditional role was in the course of re-evaluation.
Dr ANDREW AYTON is senior lecturer in history at the University of Hull.
Marcus Bull
The Miracles of Our Lady of Rocamadour
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Medieval miracle stories from a major pilgrim destination in 12c France.
In the second half of the twelfth century Rocamadour developed an international reputation as a centre of devotion to the Virgin Mary, drawing pilgrims from Spain, Italy, Germany, England and the Latin East as well as France, as witnessed by the 126 miracle stories written there in 1172-3, here translated for the first time. Reflecting and enhancing Rocamadour's status (aristocratic figures feature prominently), they throw light on many of the dangers faced by medieval men and women: illness and injury; imprisonment; warfare; arbitrary justice; and natural disasters. In his introduction Marcus Bull identifies issues which the collection helps to elucidate, and assesses thevalue of the text as source material, particularly in view of the lack of other chronicles from southern France for the period. He makes comparisons with other texts, such as the miracle collection compiled at the shrine of Thomas Becket at Canterbury, and argues that the monks of Rocamadour asserted their importance through the miracles, in the face of competition from neighbouring monastic communities.
MARCUS BULL is Andrew W. Mellon Distinguished Professor of Medieval and Early Modern Studies at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Gerard J. Brault
Early Blazon
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Classic study of the rise and flowering of heraldry 12-13c, with Arthurian references.
Early Blazon traces the evolution of heraldic terminology from its beginnings - the second quarter of the 12th century to about the year 1300. It analyses the use of coats of arms in literary texts of the period and elucidates such phenomena as allusive, canting and symbolic arms, studying the semantic evolution of the terms and phrases which have survived in today's blazon, and establishing that coats were consistently attributed to certain Arthurian characters from the early 13th century onwards. The glossary defines and gives complete references for every word and phrase utilised in heraldy down to 1300; each term, with its synonyms and its phraseology, is analysedhistorically and philologically. The introduction covers related topics like heraldic art and pre-classic blazon, the emergence of classic blazon, literature and heraldry, heraldic flattery, plain arms, and history and heraldry. Reissued to coincide with the publication of Professor Brault's edition of The Rolls of Arms of Edward I (1272-1307), this new edition of Early Blazon includes in a new appendix additions and corrections reflecting more than a quarter of a century of advances in the study of heraldic terminology. GERARD J. BRAULT is Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of French and Medieval Studies at the Pennsylvania State University.
J.S. Cockburn
Calendar of Assize Records: Kent Indictments
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Final volume of essential material for study of criminal justice in Kent and wider national context, 1625-88.
Seventeenth-century Kent indictments have survived in larger numbers then have those of any other county, and they therefore provide a particularly full picture of the adminstration of criminal justice, the organisation of the assizes, the role of the judges and officials, and the whole process of criminal trial. This volume contains a full calendar of all the material relating to Kent from 1625 to 1688 which exists among the assize indictment files for the Home Circuit. The calendar also includes judges' commissions; writs and precepts; lists of local officials; coroners' inquests; and appeals of felony. This volume is the last in a series of four, all edited by Professor J.S. Cockburn, with earlier titles covering Kent from 1625-1675; they are available upon enquiry from HMSO. Professor J.S. COCKBURN teaches in the History Department at the University of Maryland.
Derek Baker
England in the Later Middle Ages
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Primary source material - 149 items, with 47 illustrations - cover the political, ecclesiastical and social history of Plantagenet England, from the reign of Edward III to that of Richard II. Arrangement by topic covers King and Government, The Church, Land and People.
Peter Damian-Grint
The New Historians of the Twelfth-Century Renaissance
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Examination of the striking new style of writing history in the twelfth century, by men such as Gaimar, Wace and Ambroise.
The mid-twelfth century saw the sudden appearance of a remarkable group of writers: the "new historians", authors such as Geffrei Gaimar, Benoît de Sainte-Maure, Wace, Jordan Fantosme and Ambroise, who were the earliest historicalwriters to use French. Each had his own style and authorial persona; yet together, despite their considerable differences, they pioneered a common form of historical writing which is quite distinct from the styles of previous vernacular writers. This book studies some of the more characteristic elements of the common style used by the vernacular historians. Their detached and "self-conscious" authorial presentation is particularly notable: it is seen both in the prologues and epilogues to their works, where they present their source materials as reliable, themselves as serious scholars, and their works as worthy of belief, and constantly throughout the text as the historians direct audience response to their work. The author shows how this "historical" style fits into both the vernacular and the Latin literature current in the period: the vernacular historians borrowed elements from both the learnedand the popular traditions to produce their own successful and vigorous hybrid, one which was still producing new shoots as late as the fifteenth century and which was widely copied and imitated by both writers of courtly romanceand by writers of prose history.
Dr PETER DAMIAN-GRINT teaches at Brasenose College, Oxford.
Ivy A. Corfis
The Medieval City under Siege
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[This] substantial book...makes an important and stimulating contribution. MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY
Warfare in Europe in the middle ages underwent a marked change of emphasis as urban life expanded. The concentration of wealth represented by a city was a valuable objective, and the static nature of a siege was infinitely preferable to the uncertainties of campaign. As the incidence of sieges increased, so pitched battles declined. The studies in this book, intended for specialists as well as general readers, follow the history of siege warfare, exploringthe urban milieu within which it developed, and the evolution of siege technology up to the advent of gunpowder weaponry. The logistics of specific sieges, from the Crusader kingdoms in the Near East and the Byzantine Empire as well as medieval Europe, are also considered, with evidence from literature, engineering, architecture and cliometrics. IVY CORFIS is professor in the department of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of Wisconsin, Madison; MICHAEL WOLFE is professor in the department of history at Penn State University, Altoona. Contributors: MICHAEL WOLFE, JAMES F. POWERS, MICHAEL TOCH, DENYS PRINGLE, ERIC McGEER, PAUL E. CHEVEDDEN, MICHAEL HARNEY, HEATHER ARDEN, WINTHROP WETHERBEE, KELLY DEVRIES, MICHAEL MALLETT, BERT S. HALL.
Cassandra Potts
Monastic Revival and Regional Identity in Early Normandy
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Normandy transformed from military power base of pagan Norse invaders to Christian political entity.
The rulers of Normany performed a complex juggling act: starting from a pagan Norse military power base round Rouen, they built an accepted political entity within the boundaries of the Christian state their ancestors had invaded.Successfully reconciling Viking, Frankish and Breton elements within their realm, the Norman rulers created "one people out of the various races", in the words of one eleventh-century writer. As part of that effort, they revivedand reformed the monasteries in the region, enlisting the aid of prestigious abbots from reform centres beyond Normandy. By the early eleventh century, there was a consciousness within the region that a new people as well as a newprincipality had taken shape over the course of the past century. In this process of state-building and ethnogenesis, the revival and reform of monasticism played a crucial role. This book evaluates the relationship between Norman lords and monastic communities and demonstrates how that relationship contributed to the political and social evolution of the duchy. Through this regional focus, Monastic Revival and Regional Identity in Early Normandy adds to an understanding of the role monasticism played in tenth and eleventh-century European society, and, more broadly, in the formation of political and cultural entities in medieval Europe. The conclusions presented in this study are based on an analysis of published sources as well as over two hundred unpublished monastic charters located in Norman archives and libraries.
Dr CASSANDRA POTTS teaches at Middlebury College.
Peter W. Edbury
John of Ibelin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem
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A study of the career of John of Ibelin, followed by his record of the institutions, government and resources of the kingdom of Jerusalem in the 13c.
John of Ibelin, count of Jaffa and Ascalon (d. 1266), was one of the foremost politicians in the kingdom of Jerusalem in the mid-thirteenth century; his family was prominent in the Latin East, and linked by ties of marriage to theroyal dynasties of both Jerusalem and Cyprus. John's career and his ancestors' rise to prominence are the subject of the first half of this book. The second concentrates on John's most lasting achievement, his treatise on the pleading, procedures and customs of the High Court of the kingdom of Jerusalem, which includes descriptions of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, the juridical structure and the military capacity of the kingdom; this material provides invaluable insights into the kingdom's institutions, government and resources; it is here re-edited from the best surviving manuscripts and discussed in detail.
Dr PETER W. EDBURY is Reader in Medieval History at the University of Wales, Cardiff.
J. Christopher Warner
Henry VIII's Divorce: Literature and the Politics of the Printing Press
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A close examination of the rivalry between two printing presses at the time of the divorce crisis shows how the new learning could be employed to influence even the king himself.
During the period of Henry VIII's divorce crisis, a political and literary rivalry developed between Thomas Berthelet, the king's printer, and the Rastell family, kinsmen of the Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas More and quasi-official printers in their own right. This study recounts the text-by-text progress of the feud. It describes how Berthelet represented Henry as a prudent philosopher-king, taking the advice of scholars and theologians on anulling his marriage, and on limiting the Church's power (texts include A Glass of the Truth, rumoured to be by Henry himself, and the works of Sir Thomas Elyot). In response to the king's press campaign, the Rastells' dialogues and dramasstaged the kind of wise counsel that Henry ostensibly welcomed (John Rastell's A New Book of Purgatory, Skelton's Magnificenceamong them), observing the rules dictated by the king's public image and urging him towards greater conformity with that image than divorce or declaration of royal supremacy would allow.
J. CHRISTOPHER WARNER is Associate Professor of English at Le Moyne College.
Judith Everard
The Charters of Duchess Constance of Brittany and her Family, 1171-1221
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Ducal charters illuminate politics, external relations, and the conduct of government, and also Breton society and institutions.
The indispensable charter collection for the Breton lands in the complex period of the break-up of the Angevin hegemony. ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW
Around 1200, sovereignty over the duchy of Brittany was disputed by the Angevin kings of England and the Capetian kings of France. With few local chronicle sources concerning Brittany in this important period, ducal charters provide crucial evidence for politics, external relations, and the conduct of government. They are also an essential source for Breton society and institutions in a period of rapid change and development. Collected here for the first time are the acts of Duchess Constance (1171-1201), her mother, dowager-duchess Margaret of Scotland, Constance's three husbands, Geoffrey, son of King Henry II, Ranulf III, earl of Chester, and Guy de Thouars, and her three children, Eleanor, Arthur of Brittany, and Alice, who succeeded in 1213 toa duchy under Capetian sovereignty. The subject matter concerns not only Brittany, but also the Breton rulers' extensive lands in England, the honour of Richmond, and even the counties of Anjou, Maine and Touraine while they wereunder Arthur's rule. The charters are also of wider general significance for the light they cast on the exercise of political power by female rulers.
MICHAEL JONES is Emeritus Professor of Medieval French History at theUniversity of Nottingham.
Joan Corder
A Dictionary of Suffolk Crests
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A record of crests of Suffolk and Norfolk families arranged by charge or object, covering 600 years and c.8,000 names.
This volume offers a comprehensive guide to the heraldry of Suffolk over more than six centuries, covering around 8,000 names and acting as a companion to the earlier Dictionary of Suffolk Arms(1965). It is the first attempt to produce an Ordinary of crests, a classification by charge or object using standardised groupings, arranged in such a manner that they may be readily identified when the name of the bearer is unknown; the usual arrangement isalphabetical by name, an Armory. Although it relates specifically to Suffolk, many crests relating to Norfolk families are given, the two counties having always been closely connected heraldically and genealogically. The book willbe of interest for all those interested in heraldry and, on a wider level, act as a handbook for the identification of crests when borne alone, on artefacts ranging from signet rings and silverware to pub signs and school uniformcrests. JOAN CORDER, the author of a Dictionary of Suffolk Arms, is an independent scholar and recognised authority on East Anglian heraldry.
Robert Levine
The Deeds of God through the Franks
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First English translation of important text of the First Crusade.
Guibert of Nogent's account of the First Crusade is an important but difficult chronicle which will be welcomed in this first English translation. It is a valuable addition to Boydell & Brewer's repertoire of crusading material,and is an interesting text because it represents an attempt to produce a critical history from the eyewitness sources - the Deeds of the Franks and Fulker of Chartres' History of the Expedition to Jerusalem: in theprocess it reveals considerable detail on Western attitudes to the First Crusade, and, through Guibert's own bias, on medieval mentalites in general. In this translation, Professor Levine has rendered the difficult and idiosyncratic Latin prose and verse into idiomatic English prose, while preserving as far as possible the constructions favoured by Guibert. In addition, he provides a brief introduction containing biographical and bibliographical information, as well as a summary of the translation.
Professor ROBERT LEVINE teaches in the Department of English, Boston University.
Paul Banks
The Making of Peter Grimes [2 volume set]
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Facsimile of the composition draft of Peter Grimes, showing Britten's compositional method; companion volume containing essays on its history and significance.
Peter Grimes, Benjamin Britten's first opera, established his stature as a composer, marked a turning point in the fortunes of English opera, and conquered operatic stages around the world. Though its setting and music reflect Britten's greatlove for his native East Anglia, the inspiration for the work was a chance encounter with the poetry of George Crabbe while Britten and the tenor Peter Pears (who eventually created the title role) were stayingin California in 1941; they made a number of draft scenarios while they waited for a passage to England, and after their return Montagu Slater was asked to write the libretto. The full score was completed by February 1945. The single document that reveals most about the work's creative history is the composition draft in which the composer wrestled with text and music, gradually fashioning the opera into its final version. The colour facsimile of this fascinating manuscript is published to coincide with the 50th anniversary of its first production. It is accompanied by a commentary volume containing a series of essays on the work's history and its contemporary significance by leading Britten scholars, together with a brief note on the work by PETER PEARS(apparently never before published) and an account of the first production by the late ERIC CROZIER, who directed it. The volume is illustrated with colour reproductions of some of the original costume designs by Kenneth Green, his portrait of BenjaminBritten, and contemporary black and white photographs.
Richard Britnell
Pragmatic Literacy, East and West, 1200-1330
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Studies of the uses of literacy for the exercise of political and economic power, in Latin Christendom and the wider world.
This pioneering collection of studies is concerned with the way in which increasing literacy interacted with the desire of thirteenth-century rulers to keep fuller records of their government's activities, and the manner in whichthis literacy could be used to safeguard or increase authority. In Europe the keeping of archives became an increasingly normal part of everyday administrative routines, and much has survived, owing to the prolonged preference forparchment rather than paper; in the Eastern civilisations material is more scarce. Papers discuss pragmatic literacy and record keeping in both West and East, through the medium of both literary and official texts.
Thelate Professor RICHARD BRITNELL taught in the Department of History at the University of Durham.
Contributors: RICHARD BRITNELL, THOMAS BEHRMANN, MANUEL RIU, OLIVER GUYOTJEANNIN, GÉRARD SIVÉRY, MANFRED GROTEN, MICHAELNORTH, MICHAEL PRESTWICH, PAUL HARVEY, GEOFFREY MARTIN, GEOFFREY BARROW, ROBERT SWANSON, NICHOLAS OIKONOMIDES, ELIZABETH ZACHARIADOU, I.H. SIDDIQUI, TIMOTHY BROOK, YOSHIYASU KAWANE
Peter Coss
Thirteenth Century England III
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Thirteenth-Century England IIIcontinues the series which began in 1986 with the publication of the first volume of the biannual Newcastle upon Tyne conferences on thirteenth-century England. Important studies of aspects ofEnglish society and politics open up new areas of research and re-examine standard interpretations.
Contributors: PAUL BRAND, D.W. BURTON, P.H. CULLUM, R.B. DOBSON, ELIZABETH GEMMILL, P.J.P. GOLDBERG, ANTONIA GRANSDEN, LINDY GRANT, MICHAEL PRESTWICH, ROBERT C. STACEY, R.L.STOREY, ROBIN STUDD, CHRISTOPHER WILSON.
Gervase Phillips
The Anglo-Scots Wars, 1513-1550
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A survey of warfare between England under Henry VIII and Scotland from the death of James IV, identifying its objectives and accounting for its inconclusive nature.
Military activity was central to Anglo-Scots relations in the first half of the sixteenth century, playing an important role in the formation of the multi-national Tudor state and the process of political union. This book examinesboth the organisational nature of the two nations' military establishments and provides a detailed operational study of military activity. It challenges notions that the British Isles were peripheral to the trends of mainstream continental warfare through a detailed study of the manner in which both Scottish and English armies demonstrated a commitment to tactical and technological development. The failure of both nations to come up with effective strategies or conclusive successes is addressed, and contributory causes identified. The major engagements at Flodden (1513), Solway Moss (1542) and Pinkie (1547) are examined; attention is also paid to the everyday routines of militaryactivity: garrison duty, chevauchee and siege work.
Dr GERVASE PHILLIPS teaches in the Department of History and Economic History at the Manchester Metropolitan University.
C.S. Knighton
Acts of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, 1543-1609
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First volume in the new Westminster Abbey Record Series, covering changes in Abbey ritual during the Reformation.
This book is the first volume in a new venture, the Westminster Abbey Record Series, which aims to publish documents, calendars, lists and indexes from the Abbey's large and continuous archive of over a thousand years, making itscontents available both to scholars and to a wider interested public. This edition of the earliest Chapter Act Book of the Dean and Chapter is an essential source for the impact of the Reformation at Westminster. The years covered in this volume show the business of setting up a reformed cathedral; the administration of the Abbey's large estate is also well illustrated, including the relations with the powerful courtiers and politicians who were among the Abbey's tenants. Dr CHARLES KNIGHTON gained his Ph.D. from Magdalene College, Cambridge.
David Lepine
A Brotherhood of Canons Serving God
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A study of the lives of cathedral clergy in the middle ages.
This study focuses on the canons of the nine secular cathedrals in England in the later middle ages, who were amongst the most able and successful clerics of their age. After considering the functions of the cathedrals which provided them with a comfortable income and considerable status, Dr Lepine turns to the canons themselves, tracing their origins and analysing their careers. He examines the canons' residence at their cathedrals, establishing how manywere resident in the close and how much time they spent there. The study concludes by presenting two case studies to show the vigour and diversity of capitular life in the later middle ages: Salisbury between 1398 and 1458 (its so-called golden age) and Lichfield from 1490 to 1540, on the eve of the Reformation.
Dr DAVID LEPINE teaches history at Dartford Grammar School.
Stephen Morillo
Warfare under the Anglo-Norman Kings 1066-1135
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An interwoven study in many ways refreshing and original... A good book, the first major product of one of the more vital debates in recent early medieval scholarship. HISTORY A major re-statement of the nature of Anglo-Norman warfare, with special emphasis on the role of the familia regis, the King's military household.
This study of the battles waged between 1066 and 1135 by the Anglo-Norman kings of England - William the Conqueror, William Rufus and Henry I -is a major restatement of the nature of medieval warfare in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Bringing together the two major trends in recent medieval military history, the study of military organisations and the study of campaigns, Stephen Morillo illuminates the interrelationship of military organisation and social and political structures and brings many new perceptions to bear, such as the central role of the familia regis, the King's military household. The roles of armies and castles and the normal activities of warfare are examined to show why sieges were far more common than pitched battles. Siege and battle tactics are analysed in the context of social and political influences, administrative structures and campaign patterns, and a connection is proposed in most pre-modern warfare between government strength and infantry quality. Dr STEPHEN MORILLOteaches at Wabash College, Indiana. He has published numerous articles on Anglo-Norman warfare.
John Gillingham
The English in the Twelfth Century
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Defining essays on questions of newly-emerging English nationalism and the political importance of chivalric values and knightly obligations, as perceived by contemporary historians.
Six of the greatest twelfth-century historians - William of Malmesbury, Henry of Huntingdon, Geoffrey of Monmouth, Geoffrey Gaimar, Roger of Howden, and Gerald of Wales - are analysed in this collection of essays, focusing on their attitudes to three inter-related aspects of English history. The first theme is the rise of the new and condescending perception which regarded the Irish, Scots and Welsh as barbarians; set against the background of socio-economic and cultural change in England, it is argued that this imperialist perception created a fundamental divide in the history of the British Isles, one to which Geoffrey of Monmouth responded immediately and brilliantly. The secondtheme treats chivalry not as a mere gloss upon the brutal realities of life, but as an important development in political morality; and it reconsiders some of the old questions associated with chivalric values and knightly obligations - home-grown products or imports from France? The third theme is the emergence of a new sense of Englishness after the traumas of the Norman Conquest, looking at the English invasion of Ireland and the making of English history.
JOHN GILLINGHAM is Professor Emeritus, Department of History, London School of Economics.
Christopher Harper-Bill
A Companion to the Anglo-Norman World
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A richly valuable source of knowledge. MEDIUM AEVUM
By the time of the Conquest, the Normans had been established in Normandy for over a hundred and fifty years. They had transformed themselves from pagan Northmen into Christian princes; their territories extended from England, southern Italy and Sicily to distant Antioch, and their influence had spread throughout western Europe and the Mediterranean. Duke William's victory at Hastings and the resulting Anglo-Norman union brought England into the mainstreamof European history and culture, with far-reaching consequences for Western civilisation. These specially commissioned studies are concerned with the achievements of the cross-Channel realm. They make a major contribution toan understanding of the hundred years that witnessed great change and major developments in English and Norman government and society. There are surveys of the two constituent parts, of Normandy under the Angevin kings, of the place of kingdom and duchy in the politics and culture of the North Sea, and of the parallel Norman achievement in the Mediterranean. There are overviews both of secular administration and of the church, and a study of "feudalism" and lordship. Within the broad field of cultural history, there are discussions of language, literature, the writing of history, and ecclesiastical architecture.
Contributors: LESLEY ABRAMS, MATTHEW BENNETT, MARJORIE CHIBNALL, CHRISTOPHER HARPER-BILL, ELISABETH VAN HOUTS, EMMA MASON, RICHARD PLANT, CASSANDRA POTTS, DANIEL POWER, IAN SHORT, ANN WILLIAMS
John Southworth
The English Medieval Minstrel
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As a popular history [it] has considerable merits and offers a number of interesting suggestions. SPECULUM
Goes deeper than the history of a profession: it suggests a new way of looking at the exercise of power useful and rewarding. Eric Christiansen in the DAILY TELEGRAPH
Originally the word `minstrel' meant `littleservant to the king'and the crux of the profession was versatility musical skills were never enough in themselves. Fools, acrobats, singers, conjurors and puppeteers, this is the first book to tell the whole of the minstrels' story and put it into a developing historical perspective.
Philip Reed
On Mahler and Britten
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Critical essays and studies reflecting the latest thinking on two major figures in 20c music.
In this Festschrift for Donald Mitchell, the foremost authority on the life and works of Gustav Mahler and Benjamin Britten, distinguished composers, scholars, colleagues and friends from around the world have written on aspects of these two composers closest to Mitchell's heart, producing a volume which not only reflects some of the latest thinking on this pair of remarkable figures in the music of our century, but which also pays full tribute to the impact of Mitchell's own work on these composers over the last fifty years. The volume includes the fullest bibliography of Mitchell's writings yet compiled.
Michael C Prestwich
Thirteenth Century England VI
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`An indispensable series for anyone who wishes to keep abreast of recent work in the field'. WELSH HISTORY REVIEW
Volume VI of Thirteenth Century England sees a new impetus behind this biennial series. The conference which generates the studies - a generous thirteen in this volume - has now moved to Durham, where Professor MICHAEL PRESTWICH is Pro-Vice Chancellor and Professor ROBIN FRAME and Dr RICHARD BRITNELL are members of the History Department. It is the publishers' hope that, like Anglo-Norman Studies, the series will now be recognised as one which any library with a serious interest in medieval history will need to possess. This latest volume in the series takes a broad chronological approach, covering a wide range of topics over a period extending from the late twelfth to the early fourteenth century, the so-called `long thirteenth century'. Embracing different aspects of the economic, social and political history of the period, subjects include naval warfare under Richard I; England's relations with Wales and Scotland; the purchasing practices of great households, and the management of the Winchester estates; the expulsion of Jews in 1290; and the construction and political message of the Vita Edwardi Secundi. Two articles concern women, one looking at the role of queens in granting pardons, the other at the fate of widows in the aftermath of rebellion.
Contributors: JOHN GILLINGHAM, BARBARA HARVEY, MARK PAGE, PETER COSS,JENS RÖHRKASTEN, ROBERT C. STACEY, SUSAN CRANE, J.J. CRUMP, FIONA WATSON, JOHN PARSONS, PAULA DOBROWOLSKI, CHRIS GIVEN-WILSON, WENDY CHILDS
Lister M. Matheson
Death and Dissent: Two Fifteenth-Century Chronicles
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Edition of fifteenth-century chronicles providing important evidence for contemporary events, including the Wars of the Roses.
This edition makes available for the first time to a wider audience two historically important fifteenth-century English chronicles, with full scholarly apparatus and comprehensive introductions. The Dethe of the Kynge of Scotis gives full and graphic accounts of the murder of James I of Scotland in 1437, and the subsequent executions of his assassins; translated from a lost Latin narrative by John Shirley, it is edited from the only full text thathas survived. `Warkworth's Chronicle', usually ascribed erroneously to John Warkworth, master of Peterhouse, Cambridge, is a frequently-cited source for events in the Wars of the Roses between 1461 and 1473, and gives a contemporary assessment of the supposed murders of Edward, Prince of Wales, and of Henry VI by Richard of Gloucester.
Professor LISTER M. MATHESON taught at Michigan State University.
Richard Gameson
The Study of the Bayeux Tapestry
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Key articles on the Bayeux tapestry collected in one volume, providing a comprehensive companion to its study.
This volume presents a selection from the classic literature on the tapestry, providing a comprehensive companion to its study. The articles have been carefully chosen in order to provide a strong, balanced coverage of most aspects of the tapestry; all the major themes - the material fabric of the artefact, its origin, its relation to other early sources, its visual language, the form and function of the inscriptions, the work's general meaning and purpose, and the way it was perceived - are discussed in authoritative contributions collected here. The volume also includes substantial new essays by the editor on studying the Bayeux tapestry, and on its origin, art, and message.
Contributors: RICHARD GAMESON, CHARLES STOTHARD, EDWARD FREEMAN, W.R. LETHERBY, CHARLES PRENTOUT, SIMONE BERTRAND, RENÉLEPELLEY, C.R. DODWELL, N.P. BROOKS, H.E.J. COWDREY, H.E. WALKER, RICHARD BRILLIANT, SHIRLEY ANNE BROWN, MICHAEL HERREN
Christopher Harper-Bill
Anglo-Norman Studies XVII
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Annual volume of recent research on all aspects of the Norman World.
Papers on English and Norman history from the early eleventh to the early thirteenth centuries: castles and monasteries, ecclesiastical administration and missionary activity, attitudes of the aristocracy, Domesday and Textus Roffensis
R. Allen Brown
Anglo-Norman Studies XI
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Æthelwine, Pre-Conquest Sheriff; Alliances of Ælfgar of Mercia; Castle Studies since 1850; Charles the Bald's Fortified Bridges; Clares and the Crown; Coastal Salt Production; Hydrographic and Ship Hydrodynamic Aspects of the Invasion; Leland and Historians; Monks in the World: Gundulf of Rochester; Obtaining Benefices in 12c E. Anglia; St Pancras Priory, Lewes; Slavery; Wace and Warfare.
B.R. Rees
Pelagius: Life and Letters
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Collected together for the first time in one volume are the most important critical study of Pelagius to date and a selection of his letters.
Collected together for the first time in one volume are the most important critical study of Pelagius to date, together with a selection of his letters. Arriving in Rome in the late 4th century, Pelagius soon acquired a considerable reputation as a reformer and spiritual adviser. In Palestine he became embroiled with Jerome and later with Augustine who had been alerted to the Pelagian threat to orthodox doctrine. Professor Rees here re-examines the evidence for the Pelagian controversy. The second part of the book consists of Pelagius' letters, which provide the clearest and most succinct statements of Pelagian theology, but few of which have ever been translated into English before.
Reissue; first published in two volumes as Pelagius: A Reluctant Heretic and The Letters of Pelagius and his Followers (The Boydell Press, 1991).
Christopher Harper-Bill
Anglo-Norman Studies XVIII
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Latest volume in leading forum for research on the Anglo-Norman world.
This most recent volume of papers contains the usual wide range of papers and topics. The Memorial lecture concerns St Anselm, a personality particularly dear to R. Allen Brown. There is a particular emphasis on the writing of history, with papers on regional identity in early Normandy, Henry of Huntingdon, the Anglo-Norman Estoire and the definition of racial identity in post-Conquest England; other topics include language in a colonial society, Anglo-Norman aristocracy (with studies ofindividual families), and the history of the church. Norman Southern Italy is represented by a study of the family structure in the principality of Salerno.
Contributors: D.E.. LUSCOMBE, EMMA COWNIE, R. BEARMAN, P. DAMIAN-GRINT, JOANNA DRELL, DIANA GREENWAY, VANESSA KING, CASSANDRA POTTS, IAN SHORT, KATHLEEN THOMPSON, H. TSURUSHIMA
Anne J. Duggan
Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe
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The image, status and function of queens and empresses, regnant and consort, in kingdoms stretching from England to Jerusalem in the European middle ages.
Did queens exercise real or counterfeit power? Did the promotion of the cult of the Virgin enhance or restrict their sphere of action? Is it time to revise the early feminist view of women as victims? Important papers on Emma of England, Margaret of Scotland, coronation and burial ritual, Byzantine empresses and Scandinavian queens, among others, clearly indicate that a reassessment of the role of women in the world of medieval dynastic politics is under way.
Contributors: JANOS BAK, GEORGE CONKLIN, PAUL CROSSLEY, VOLKER HONEMANN, STEINAR IMSEN, LIZ JAMES, KURT-ULRICH JASCHKE, SARAH LAMBERT, JANET L. NELSON, JOHN C. PARSONS, KAREN PRATT, DION SMYTHE, PAULINE STAFFORD, MARY STROLL, VALERIE WALL, ELIZABETH WARD, DIANA WEBB.
Rosalind Ransford
The Early Charters of the Augustinian Canons of Waltham Abbey, Essex 1062-1230
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Five cartularies from what was probably the most important Augustinian house in England.
Waltham Abbey is generally considered to have been the most important Augustinian house in England. Five cartularies have survived and there are original documents in six different manuscript collections. They concern the canons,churches and land in nine counties and the City of London. Over 350 local place and field names appear and there is much material relating to the development of surnames and evidence of flourishing use of the English language.
W.A. Sibly, M.D. Sibly
The History of the Albigensian Crusade
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First English translation of important contemporary source for the history of the Cathar heresy and the Albigensian crusade.
The Historia Albigensis is one of the most important sources for the history of the Cathar heresy and the Albigensian crusade. This new translation makes the work available in English for the first time. The Historiawas written between about 1212 and 1218 by Peter, a young monk at the Cistercian abbey of les Vaux-de-Cernay, where his uncle Guy was abbot. Guy took part in the preaching mission against heresy in 1207 and later played an important part in the crusade and became bishop of Carcassonne. Peter several times accompanied his uncle, and not only met those involved in the crusade, but himself witnessed many episodes. The Historiathus contains a wealth offirsthand detail about the personalities and events of the crusade, and about contemporary warfare. An introduction and extensive notes draw on other contemporary sources and on recent scholarship; nine appendices range from the policies of Innocent III to the technical terms used to describe fortifications, also providing translations of other important contemporary sources. W.A. SIBLY read classics at Balliol College, Oxford; his son M.D. SIBLY read history at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
Bonnie Wheeler
Representations of the Feminine in the Middle Ages
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The essays in this volume have a common theme and preoccupation: an intention to present medieval women - in life, literature, hagiography and art - as they thought of themselves, teased from the work of theirintermediaries (Hildegard of Bingen, Christine of Pisan) or from the works, words and social milieux of men (Chaucer's women, Chretien's patrons, the empress Theodora and others). Feminea Mediaevalia is designed to foreground feminine and feminist topics and issues in the field of medieval studies. Contributors: DEBORAH EVERHART, STEPHEN STALLCUP, JENNIFER R. GOODMAN, BONNIE WHEELER, JEAN E. JOST, JO GOYNE, RENEÉJUSTICE STANDLEY, DEREK BAKER, SAMUEL LYNDON GLADDEN, PAULA MARTIN, PATRICIA STIRNEMANN, DONNA J. OESTREICH, MARIANNE SINRAM, ELIZABETH NIGHTLINGER, ANN HUTCHISON, MICHAEL HOLAHAN.
Scott Gwara, David W. Porter
Anglo-Saxon Conversations
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Translation (and text) of colloquies gives vivid picture of Anglo-Saxon monastic education.
The monk Aelfric Bata is the only identifiable graduate of the school of Aelfric `Grammaticus', the tenth-century Anglo-Saxon homilist whose Grammar, Glossary and Colloquyformed part of an educational plan for English boys. Bata's Colloquies, Latin conversations set in a monastic school, open a door into the world of Anglo-Saxon monasticism, revealing the details of daily activities: rising and dressing, studying the day's lesson, eating, bathing and tonsuring. Oblates ask a master's help in reading, bargain for a manuscript-copying job, obtain help in sharpening a pen. One colloquy depicts a flyting between master and student, who exchange graphic scatologicalinsults. Combining the spare diction of his teacher Aelfric with the ornate glossematic vocabulary of Aldhelm, Aelfric Bata creates a cloistered world where comedy, invective, sermon and poetic recitation mix. The Colloquiesare presented with an English translation, glosses and full notes. Dr SCOTT GWARA teaches in the Department of English at the University of South Carolina: Professor DAVID PORTER teaches in the Department of English at SouthernUniversity, Baton Rouge.
John Webb
The Town Finances of Elizabethan Ipswich Select Treasurers' and Chamberlains' Accounts
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Selected treasurers' and chamberlains' accounts detailing the income and expenditure of a wealthy provincial town and port, and revealing urban life from travelling players to punishing criminals.
The treasurers' and chamberlains' accounts of Elizabethan Ipswich are a detailed record of the annual income and expenditure of the town's ruling body during one of the most fascinating periods of its history. A major source for any detailed study of the Suffolk borough at a time when it was among the country's ten richest provincial towns, the entries selected from the accounts not only shed light on sixteenth-century urban administration but also providevivid insights into the social and economic life of the period: the equipping of soldiers, ducking of scolds, and performances of town minstrels and itinerant players.JOHN WEBB was formerly Principal Lecturer in History at Portsmouth Polytechnic.
Adrian Pettifer
English Castles
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A comprehensive and concise guide to all medieval English castles of which something can still be seen today, ranging from the massive keeps which still dominate the landscape to grassy earthworks and Border pele towers, and spanning the centuries from the Norman Conquest to the accession of the Tudors
A well-written contribution to the literature on the subject, and will interest both the historically minded tourist and, as a reference book, the scholar. WAR IN HISTORY
A comprehensive and concise guide to all medieval English castles of which something can still be seen today, ranging from the massive keeps which still dominate the landscape to grassy earthworks and Border pele towers, and spanning the centuries from the Norman Conquest to the accession of the Tudors. English Castles contains over five hundred main entries in county order, each giving a brief history and description of the castle. A short introduction supplies the historical background to the explosion of castle-building in the middle ages, and there is a glossary covering all aspects of castles in some detail. There are also full Ordnance Survey map references.
C.S. Knighton
Acts of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, 1543-1609
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From Elizabeth I's refoundation of the collegiate church to reforms and improvements attempted and achieved in the early years of James I's reign.
The completion of Dr Knighton's edition of the first chapter minute book of Westminster Abbey records in detail Elizabeth I's refoundation of the collegiate church, including regulatio for preaching, the school and the library; the chapter's own housing is a continuing issue. Predominantly, however, the acts document the chapter's estate management: lease particulars shed light on the population of early modern Westminster and London. Favours sought by queen and courtiers are recorded, the exercise of the dean and chapter's ecclesiastical patronage is registered. At the end of the period the abbey was home to some of the most eminent churchmen and scholars of the day, Andrewes, Bancroft, Camden and Hakluyt among them. Reforms and improvements attempted and achieved in the early years of James I's reign conclude the volume. Index to both vols.CHARLES KNIGHTON gained his Ph.D. from Magdalene College, Cambridge.
John Hines
The Anglo-Saxons from the Migration Period to the Eighth Century
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The culture of early Anglo-Saxon England explored from an inter-disciplinary perspective.
A stimulating contribution to the field of Anglo-Saxon studies. MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY A mind-stretching read. NOTES AND QUERIES
The papers contained in this volume, by leading researchers in the field, cover a wide range of social, economic and ideological aspects of the culture of early Anglo-Saxon England, from an inter-disciplinary perspective. The status of `Anglo-Saxondom' and `Englishness' as cultural and ethnic categories are a recurrent focus of debate, while other topics include the reconstruction of settlement patterns; social and political structures; farming in medieval England; and the spiritual world of the Anglo-Saxons. As a whole, the contributionsoffer fascinating insights into key contemporary research questions and projects, and into the character and problems of interdisciplinary approaches.
Dr JOHN HINES is Reader in the School of History and Archaeology atthe University of Wales, Cardiff.
Contributors: WALTER POHL, IAN WOOD, DELLA HOOKE, DOMINIC POWLESLAND, HEINRICH HÄRKE, THOMAS CHARLES-EDWARDS, PATRIZIA LENDINARA, PETER FOWLER, CHRISTOPHER SCULL, JANE HAWKES, D.N. DUMVILLE, JOHN HINES, GIORGIO AUSENDA
C Warren Hollister
Anglo-Norman Political Culture and the Twelfth Century Renaissance
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Papers exploring the impact of change on aspects of the twelfth-century Anglo-Norman world.
The twelfth-century renaissance, though usually seen as a French phenomenon, produced fundamental changes in the culture and politics of the wider Anglo-Norman world. The essays in this volume, by leadingscholars in this field meeting at La Bretesche, Brittany, in 1995, explore the impact of this change. Covering a variety of topics, including the transmission of Norman saints' cults, vernacular history and aristocratic values, and shifting modes of deathand dying, they have in common the elements of change and transformation occurring throughout society during the course of the Anglo-Norman era.
The late Professor C. WARREN HOLLISTER taught at the University of California at Santa Barbara.
Contributors: C. WARREN HOLLISTER, CASSANDRA POTTS, JOHN GILLINGHAM, JUDITH GREEN, ROBIN FLEMING, DAVID CROUCH
Giorgio Ausenda
After Empire
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Studies of the customs and beliefs of barbarian peoples who migrated westwards and settled in Western Europe from the close of the Roman empire to the ninth century.
The decline of the Roman Empire was compounded by the spread westwards of tribes from Eastern Europe, settling areas from which the indigenous populations had been cleared by the spread of the power of Rome; those populations themselves, notably the Celts, were pushed to the fringes of the former empire. These migrations of barbarian peoples between the fourth and ninth centuries left no historical record in the accepted sense, but it is the recovery of the customs and beliefs of these populations that forms the common purpose of the studies in this book, for during these centuries the traits and attitudes developed which are at the root of present-day Europe: feudalism, the statuslevel achieved by the merchant class, the beginnings of an ideology that led to the separation of church and state, the demise of slavery as an inefficient mode of production, the origin of national identities.
The late GIORGIO AUSENDA taught at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Social Stress, San Marino.
Contributors: GIORGIO AUSENDA, JULIAN D. RICHARDS, JOHN HINES, DAVID TURTON, ROSS BALZARETTI, DENNIS H. GREEN, SVEN SCHÜTTE, DAVID N. DUMVILLE, MORTEM AXBOE, IAN N. WOOD
Ann Williams
The English and the Norman Conquest
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Applies a critical and scholarly approach to a topic that has long commanded attention... Williams's book represents a remarkable scholarly achievement. THE TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT
Most books on the Norman conquest concentrate on the conquerors, the Norman settlers who became the ancestors of the medieval English baronage. This book is different, setting out to examine the experience of the lesser English lords and landowners, which has been largely ignored. Ann Williams shows how they survived the conquest and settlement, adapted to foreign customs, and in the process preserved native tradition and culture. Though the great earls and magnates fell with Harold, some of their dependents secured a place in the entourages of their supplanters, or were too useful to the royal administration (based largely on English procedure) to be completely displaced; in the Church, too, a reservoir of English sentiment survived. The testimony of the Anglo-Norman historians who chronicled the Conquest, together with other evidence, including the Domesday Book (based on the English system of local government), are an important source for our knowledge of how the lesser aristocracy and the free landholders felt about, and reacted to, their new masters.
Dr ANN WILLIAMS was until her retirement Senior Lecturer in medieval history at the Polytechnic of North London.
Donald J. Kagay
The Circle of War in the Middle Ages
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Medieval warfare on both land and sea examined by leading scholars in the field.
Different aspects of medieval warfare form the focus for this collection of essays by both established and new scholars. They range from a reconsideration of several problems of military historiography to explorations of the medieval view of divine influence on the battlefield, and the emergence of complex strategic and tactical norms of naval warfare in the medieval Mediterranean. Other topics examined include the role of mercenaries; crusader warfare; and Anglo-Norman women at war.Contributors: BERNARD S. BACHRACH, THERESA M. VANN, PAUL E. CHEVEDDEN, STEPHEN MORILLO, EDWARD G. SCHOENFELD, KENT G. HARE, KELLY DEVRIES, STEVEN ISAAC, JEAN A. TRUAX, STEVEN G. LANE, DOUGLAS C. HALDANE, LAWRENCE V. MOTT
Willene B. Clark
A Medieval Book of Beasts
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Text, translation, and critical study of one of the most important medieval bestiaries.
The bestiary - a book of animals, both real and mythical - is one of the most interesting and appealing medieval artefacts. The "Second-family" bestiary is the most important and frequently produced version (some 49 known manuscripts exist). Of English origin and predominantly English production, it boasts a spiritual text "modernized" to meet the needs of its time, and features exceptional illustrations. This study addresses the work's purpose and audience, challenging previous assumptions with direct evidence in the manuscripts themselves, linking their use to teachers at the elementary-school level, and exploring the art, the text, and the cultural context for the bestiary. Itincludes a critical edition and new English translation, and a catalogue raisonné of the manuscripts. Fully illustrated.
The late WILLENE B. CLARK was Professor of Art History Emerita at Marlboro College, Vermont.
Richard Barber
Tournaments
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The first serious study of tournaments throughout Europe reveals their importance - in the training of the medieval knight, the development of arms and armour, as an instrument of political patronage, and as a grand public spectacle.
Will appeal to a wide audience. It is beautifully presented...the illustrations add further glory to a thorough historical analysis which is based on extensive research in Europe-wide sources... particularly useful in bringing toour attention lesser-known materials from the Iberian peninsula. The level of discussion, range and thoroughness of treatment and excellence of annotation make this a useful reference work for the academic historian too: it is hard to find any aspect of tournaments that is not covered.HISTORY
The first serious study of tournaments throughout Europe reveals their importance - in the training of the medieval knight, the development of arms and armour, as an instrument of political patronage, and as a grand public spectacle.
Marjorie Chibnall
The World of Orderic Vitalis
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`A wise, learned, gracefully written account of the Anglo-Norman world and its most remarkable chronicler.' SPECULUM
Orderic Vitalis, born near Shrewsbury in 1075 and sent as a child oblate to the Norman abbey of Saint-Evroult, wrote one of the most vivid and important medieval chronicles. His world encompassed Shropshire in the aftermath of theConquest, Normandy in civil war and at peace, and, briefly, the wider French perspective of the priory of Maule. Saint-Evroult was open to all the cross-currents of a changing society, and Orderic witnessed fundamental changes inchurch organisation, patterns of aristocratic inheritance, attitudes towards knighthood, and Christian militancy towards non-Christians. This book is concerned with monastic life and culture and its interaction with the life of courts and Norman families. It also describes the life of Orderic himself, and an appendix gives a translation of his own moving account of his life, an epilogue to the Historia.MARJORIE CHIBNALL is a Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge. She has written many booksand articles about the Anglo-Norman world, including an edition of Orderic's Ecclesiastical History.
T.C.B. Timmins
Suffolk Returns from the Census of Religious Worship of 1851
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Census returns provide a detailed information about patterns of religious life in 19c Suffolk, revealing much about both orthodox Anglicanism and Dissent.
The reader is in John Clare's world... Every county should publish its Census and see that it is done as excellently as that for Suffolk. RONALD BLYTHE, CHURCH TIMES The census returns edited in this volume provide a unique sample of mid nineteenth-century religious life. They are printed in calendared form, and their findings set in local and national context; information about land and property ownership is supplied, making it possible to compare patterns of ownership in most parishes with the presence or absence of Dissent. Chapel dates are collated with those in meeting-house certificates and printed notices, while much detail refused by Anglican clergymen is recovered, together with communicant numbers and/or information about the frequency of Holy Communion. The appendices present the evidence about places of worship omitted, and contain facsimiles of the census forms. T.C.B. TIMMINS has prepared editions of two volumes of church registers: of John Chandler, Dean of Salisbury, 1404-17, and John Waltham, Bishop of Salisbury, 1388-1395.
Debra J. Birch
Pilgrimage to Rome in the Middle Ages
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Year 2000 is a Jubilee year for the Catholic church and very large numbers are expected to make the pilgrimage to Rome.
Debra Birch's lively account of pilgrimage to Rome throughout the medieval period is well-documented and clearly presented. HISTORY TODAY [Emma Mason]Well researched, clearly written, and, quite apart from the eternal city, provides an excellent introduction to pilgrimage as a whole. CHURCH TIMES [Nicholas Orme] Rome was one of the major pilgrim destinations in the middle ages. The belief that certain objects and places were a focus of holiness where pilgrims could come closer to God had a long history in Christian tradition; in the case of Rome, the tradition developed around two of the city's most important martyrs, Christ's apostles Peter and Paul. So strong were the city'sassociations with these apostles that pilgrimage to Rome was often referred to as pilgrimage `to the threshold of the apostles'. Debra Birch conveys a vivid picture of the world of the medieval pilgrim to Rome - the Romipetae, or `Rome-seekers' - covering all aspects of their journey, and their life in the city itself. DEBRA BIRCH is assistant secretary at the Institute of Historical Research. CONTENTS The Cult of Saints and Pilgrimage to Rome. The Journey to Rome . Obligations and Privileges . Rome of the Pilgrim I . Rome of the Pilgrim II . Welfare Provisions for Pilgrims in Rome . The Popularity of Pilgrimage to Rome in the 12th Century . The 13th-Century Revival.
William M. Aird
St Cuthbert and the Normans
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An alternative view of the Conquest and settlement from north-east England, charting relations between the monastic community and the invading Normans.
North-east England experienced the Norman Conquest rather differently from the south of the country. This account of events in Northumbria gives an important alternative view of the Conquest and settlement, distinct from the moreusual southern and court-centred evidence. A key factor in events was the monastic community of St Cuthbert in Durham, which had survived the political upheavals following the collapse of the Northumbrian kingdom under Scandinavian pressure in the ninth century. Its position thus strengthened, it occupied an influential place in the factors ranged against the Normans, who recognised in the community a powerful force for resistance. The history of the community during the Anglo-Norman period is closely examined, particularly the relationship between the new Norman bishops and the monastic cathedral chapter and their respective rights and privileges. From this detailed study, Dr Airdargues that conquest, in the north-east at least, took a different, less traumatic form from that generally assumed from the early twelfth-century description of the reformation of the church in 1083. Throughout this account of events in Durham in the years following the conquest, Dr Aird is careful also to give due emphasis to relations with the Scots kings of the later eleventh and twelfth centuries, and to the distinctive nature of medieval Northumbriaand the Haliwerfolc in particular, that region subject to the bishops of the Church.
Dr WILLIAM M. AIRD is Lecturer in History, School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh.
Charles R. Young
The Making of the Neville Family in England, 1166-1400
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A study of power in the middle ages: the Nevilles of Raby, who included among their members Warwick the Kingmaker, was one of the major baronial families in England.
The story of the Neville family is a fascinating one. From their inconspicuous beginnings in Lincolnshire after the Norman Conquest, by the fourteenth century the Nevilles of Raby were among the most influential groups in the north of England, virtually ruling the area by means of the royal offices they held, and their political power reached its zenith in the fifteenth century with Richard de Neville, earl of Warwick, the so-called Kingmaker. This new study aims to answer the question of how a family of knightly status but with no special prominence was able to rise to such heights, tracing its growth and development through a careful examination of surviving documents; it also illustrates how the governance of medieval England worked with the cooperation of baronial families in a pragmatic manner, quite apart from any abstract legal or constitutional principles. CHARLES R. YOUNG is Professor Emeritusof History at Duke University.
Norman Scarfe
Suffolk in the Middle Ages
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Norman Scarfe explores place names, the Sutton Hoo ship burial, the coming of Christianity, and the abbey at Bury St Edmunds, concluding with an evocative study of five Suffolk places - Southwold, Dunwich, Yoxford, and Wingfield and Fressingfield.
The modern landscape of Suffolk is still essentially a medieval one, though much of it is even earlier: the five hundred medieval churches and ten thousand 'listed' houses 'of historic or architectural interest', and the 'Hundred'lanes going back at least to the tenth century, are often found to be set in a landscape created before the Roman conquest. Suffolk in the Middle Ages opens with a discussion of the earliest written records, the place-names, as a guide to settlement-patterns, including the setting of Sutton Hoo. Among the grave-goods found in that celebrated ship and discussed here was the whetstone-sceptre; asked to carry it from its showcase in the British Museum to the laboratory, the author acknowledges a closer feeling of involvement even than helping to re-open the ship in its mound in 1966. His explanation of the presence of the whetstone-sceptre, printed here, has never been challenged. The identification of a carved Anglo-Saxon cross at Iken in 1977 prompted the essay here on St Botolph and the coming of East Anglian Christianity. This leads to a consideration of the Danish invasion of East Anglia, and a reexamination of the posthumous victory of King Edmund and Christianity as portrayed in an imaginary Breckland warren on the front of this book. Scarfe's carefully reasoned argument that the Metropolitan Museum's famous walrusivory cross was made for the monks' choir at Bury has never been refuted. Life in Bury abbey is vividly reconstructed: it was the most richly documented flowering of the work of East Anglia's apostles, Felix and Fursa, which alsoled to the phenomenal establishment in Suffolk by 1086 of four hundred of the five hundred medieval churches. In four East Suffolk essays, Southwold, Dunwich, Yoxford and Wingfield are exposed to Norman Scarfe's interpretativeskills. He reveals a past few could have guessed at, often quite as curious as the 'Two Strange Tales' unravelled in his concluding pages.
J.F. Verbruggen
The Art of Warfare in Western Europe during the Middle Ages from the Eighth Century
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First full English edition of classic work on medieval warfare, updated to take recent scholarship into account.
Warfare is a major feature of the history of the middle ages, but its study has often been the province of amateurs; only recently have the technical details of warfare and its organisation been subject to proper scholarly investigation. Professor Verbruggen's major work, outstanding in its field, applies rigorous standards in analysing often very obscure surviving evidence, and reaches conclusions very different from earlier generations of military historians. He begins by analysing the sources for our knowledge of the military history of the period, assessing their reliability: some chroniclers exaggerate, others are careful observers or have access to official records. There follows an examination of the constituent parts of the medieval army, knights and footsoldiers, equipment and terms of service, behaviour on the field, and psychology, before the problematic question of medieval tactics is addressed through analysis of accounts of a series of major battles. Strategy is discussed in the context of these battles: whether to seek battle, fight a defensive war, or attempt a war of conquest. Originally published in Dutchin 1954, now translated and updated.
J.F. VERBRUGGEN is a distinguished Belgian military historian of wide experience. Prisoner of war, student, and a member of the resistance movement during the second world war, he subsequently obtained his Ph.D., with greatest distinction, for research into warfare in the middle ages, and remained in the army as a lecturer at the Royal Military School in Brussels until in 1956 he went to the Belgian Congo. He spent twenty years teaching in Africa, retiring as Professor of History, University of Congo, and University of Bujumbura (Burundi) in 1976.
Miri Rubin
The Work of Jacques Le Goff and the Challenges of Medieval History
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Essays on medieval history inspired by, and engaging with, the work of Jacques Le Goff.
The essays in this volume arise from the proceedings of a conference held in 1994 to celebrate the life and work of the eminent French medievalist Jacques Le Goff. Set within thematic sections -popular religion and heresy, the body, royalty andits mystique, intellectuals in medieval society, and others -many of the challenges raised by Le Goff are reassessed and reapproached. There is an explicit historiographical focus in a section on the reception and influence of Le Goff, with particular reference to the Annales school of history with which he is strongly identified; the volume also indicates the problems which animate current research in medieval studies, especially in certain areas of social and cultural history.
MIRI RUBIN is Professor of History, Queen Mary, University of London.
Contributors: ALEXANDER MURRAY, PETER BILLER, ANDRÉ VAUCHEZ, R.I. MOORE, OTTO GERHARD OEXLE,LESTER K. LITTLE, WALTER SIMONS, ADELINE RUCQUOI, ALAIN BOUREAU, JEAN DUBABIN, WILLIAM CHESTER JORDAN, PETER LINEHAN, MIRI RUBIN, GABOR KLANICZAY, AARON GUREVICH, ROBIN BRIGGS, STUART CLARK
Rudolf Simek, Angela Hall
Heaven and Earth in the Middle Ages
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A discussion of European understanding of the physical world from the 9th century to the 15th, ranging from astronomy to zoology - and refuting the more recent notion that the world was thought flat.
What were the ideas held by medieval man concerning the size and shape of the earth? How many planets were there, and of what material was the universe constructed? What was the relationship between the sky and Heaven? How were snow, thunderstorms and comets explained? In this fascinating book Dr Simek shows that though nature was thought to be permeated by the will of God, there were numerous explanations for unknown phenomena, from the simple theories of the early middle ages to the more sophisticated ideas of the centres of learned scholasticism in Paris and Oxford. He presents a cross-section of the medieval knowledge of the physical world as deliberated and discussed byauthors from the 9th to the 15th centuries. He touches on fields as diverse as astronomy, geography, physics, botany and chemistry, and shows how medieval knowledge combined `scientific' explanations with others from popular mythology and folklore. RUDOLF SIMEKis Professor of Medieval German and Scandinavian Literature at the University of Bonn in Germany.
Thomas S. Asbridge
The Creation of the Principality of Antioch, 1098-1130
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The first major study of the principality of Antioch, reasserting its significance and challenging the dominance of Jerusalem in modern crusading historiography.
The First Crusade wrought many changes across the medieval world, not least in Levant, where the expedition culminated in the Frankish conquest of much of Syria and Palestine. This book is the first major study of the early history of one of these Latin settlements, the principality of Antioch; it reasserts the significance of Antioch, and challenges the dominant position of the kingdom of Jerusalem in modern crusading historiography. Thomas Asbridge examines the formation of Antioch's political, military and ecclesiastical frameworks and explains how the principality survived in the hostile political environment of the Near East. He also demonstrates that Latin Antioch was shapedby the complex world of the Levant, facing a diverse range of influences and potential threats from the neighbouring forces of Byzantium and Islam. Historians of the Frankish East and of medieval Europe in the eleventh century will find this an important contribution to crusading history; it is also a significant contribution to the study of frontier societies and medieval communities.
THOMAS S. ASBRIDGE is lecturer in early medieval history at Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London.
Katharine Simms
From Kings to Warlords
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Native Irish chieftains, not totally subdued after the Norman invasion of Ireland, recovered a measure of their power in the later middle ages; unfamiliar sources illuminate developments.
The Norman invasion of Ireland (1169) did not result in a complete conquest, and those native Irish chieftains who retained independent control of their territories achieved a recovery of power in the later middle ages. KatharineSimms studies the experience of the resurgent chieftains, who were undergoing significant developments during this period. The most obvious signs of change were the gradual disappearance of the title ri (king), and the ubiquitouspresence of mercenary soldiers. On a deeper level, the institution of kingship itself had died, as is shown by this study of the election and inauguration of Irish kings, their counsellors, officials, vassals, army, and sources ofrevenue, as they evolved between the twelfth and sixteenth centuries. Sources such as the Irish chronicles, bardic poetry, genealogies, brehon charters and rentals, family-tract and sagas are all used, in addition to the more familiar evidence of the Anglo-Norman administration, the Church, and Tudor state papers. Dr KATHARINE SIMMS lectures in the Department of Medieval History, Trinity College, Dublin.
Gabrielle Hatfield
Country Remedies
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A fascinating picture of how `natural' remedies survive into contemporary use.
Many domestic plant remedies were used within living memory in rural East Anglia - and indeed survive today, as shown in this volume. Informants have been for the most part elderly country people, and in almost every instance, this information has never been written down, but has been preserved orally from one generation to the next. A surprisingly large number of these native plant remedies has come to light, and an analysis of them brings out many interesting points, including the apparent accuracy of oral testimony, when compared with written information on the subject of plant remedies. Another perhaps surprising point to emerge is that new plant remedies are still being developed, some involving the use of widely grown food vegetables.
K.R. Dark
External Contacts and the Economy of Late-Roman and Post-Roman Britain
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Studies of Britain in transition from Romano-British to medieval Celtic economy.
This book brings together new archaeological, historical and palaeoecological approaches to the transition from the Romano-British to medieval Celtic economy between the fourth and ninth centuries AD. The articles include a reassessment of the end of the Romano-British economy, suggesting that the conventional interpretation - a sudden collapse in production in the early fifth century -is incorrect; pollen analysis is a key approach in understanding the end of the agricultural economy,and here, for the first time, all relevant pollen sequences are catalogued and discussed. There is a new research into imported pottery and glass and inscribed stone monuments, and the contacts whichbrought imports into Britain and Ireland are reevaluated from new evidence which includes archaeological material from shipwrecks of AD 400-600.: K.R. DARK, PETRA DAY, JONATHAN M. WOODING, EWAN CAMPBELL, ANNE BOWMAN, CHRISTOPHER SPAREY-GREEN, JEREMY KNIGHT
James Rattue
The Living Stream
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A history of holy wells from the pagan cult of water to the Christian wells of the middle ages, and including a full gazetteer.
The holy well is the absolute combination of mystery and utility. There are hundreds of them still to be found, some easily, others with good maps. This useful book lists them all, and in so doing takes us into the realm of a still little-known spiritual area... It also leads us through many exceedingly interesting though remote areas of Celtic and English Christian history. RONALD BLYTHE [TABLET] Holy wells are an ancient and mysterious part of the landscape, yet have been the subject of little serious study. James Rattue has been fascinated by them for many years, and has now written the first general history of wells and their religious and cultural associations. He begins the story in the ancient world, exploring the archetypal motifs present in the cult of water, then traces the distinctive development of the holy well in England, examining pagan wells and their Christianisation, the role played byecclesiastical history and institutions, the importance of saints' cults, and the social functions of wells in the middle ages.
Michael Lapidge
Gildas
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Gildas's 'De Excidio Britanniae' is the prime source of our knowledge of post-Roman Britain, but because it is such an isolated text, for which we have no obvious historical, geographical or cultural background, it is a work whichraises more questions than answers. Much effort has been expended on extracting historical facts from 'De excidio', but Gildas did not set out to write history as we understand it. The common approach of the contributors to thisvolume is to look at tha author and his text on their own terms, for themselves rather than for the items of evidence which we can get out of them. Who was Gildas, and what was his position in society? What was his intellectual background - what he had learnt of Latin and Christian culture through his education, and what did he know of British language and literary traditions? What audience was he adressing? All these questions can be given some kind of answer by a close study of the text of the 'De excidio'. But there is also important evidence from Continental sources on early fifth-centyry Britain, and from Irish sources on Gildas's own repuation and career. This is a volume which no student of post-Roman Britain can afford to ignore; it does not attempt to present clear-cut conclusions or optimistic certainties, but establishes a basis on which further research can be carried out.
Gerald Bray
The Anglican Canons, 1529-1947
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A essential reference work for the history of the Church of England and Anglican canon law.
This volume is a major new scholarly edition of some of the most important sources in the history of the Anglican Church. It includes all the canons produced by the Church of England, from the opening of the Reformation parliamentin 1529 to 1947. Most of the material comes from the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, among which the canons of 1529, 1603 and 1640, and Cardinal Pole's legatine constitutions of 1556, are of particular importance. Butthe volume also includes the first scholarly editions of the deposited canons of 1874 and 1879 and the proposed canons of 1947. In addition, it includes both the Irish canons of 1634 and the Scottish canons of 1636. The canons areaccompanied by a substantial number of supplementary texts and appendixes, illustrating their sources and development; Latin texts are accompanied by parallel English translations, and the editor provides a full scholarly apparatus, which is particularly valuable for its identification of the sources of the various canons. The texts are preceded by an extended introduction, which provides not only an up-to-date analysis of the framing and significance ofeach set of canons, but also critical discussions of the origins and development of canon law and the system of ecclesiastical courts. It is an essential work of reference for anyone interested in the history of the Church of England since the Reformation, or in Anglican canon law. GERALD BRAYis Anglican Professor of Divinity at Beeson Divinity School, Samford University.
Clifford J. Rogers
The Wars of Edward III
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Contemporary documents and classic studies follow Edward's fortunes on the battlefield, from failure against the Scots to major military successes in France.
When Edward III came to the throne of England in 1327, England's military reputation had reached a low ebb. The young king's first campaign against the Scots was a complete failure, and the next year the `shameful peace' set the seal on Robert Bruce's victory in the First Scottish War of Independence. Twenty-two years later, however, King Jean II of France and King David II of Scotland were both prisoners in London, an English army was camped outside Paris, and Edward was widely considered the most skilful warrior in the world. Clifford Rogers uses contemporary documents (campaign bulletins, administrative documents, and excerpts from 29 different chronicles) to tell the story of the battles, sieges, and chevauchées that produced this remarkable reversal - and the subsequent restoration of French fortunes under Du Guesclin and Charles V. The majority of the texts employed have never before been translated into modern English (and a number have never been published before in any language). Complementing these primary source materials are eight classic articles covering the Scottish Wars, the outbreak of the Hundred Years War, the recruitment, organisation and supply of English armies, English strategy and war aims, and the war's impact on French society and on the development of Parliament in England. Together, they provide a complete introduction to the topic.
Dr CLIFFORD ROGERS teaches at the United States Military Academy at West Point.
Kate Parkin
Calendar of Inquisitions Post-Mortem and other Analogous Documents preserved in the Public Record Office XXII: 1-5 Henry VI (1422-27)
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This volume initiates the completion of the calendars of medieval inquisitions post mortem for the years 1422-85.
Academic Director and General Editor: Christine Carpenter
This volume follows its predecessor numerically, but it initiates a new series to complete the calendars of medieval Inquisitions Post Mortem. The growth of interest in the late-medieval nobility and gentry and their estates, and the significance of IPMs for such research, makes it especially important that the gap for the years 1422-85 should be filled. The volume includes a wide-ranginggeneral introduction to the series by Dr Christine Carpenter, which considers the history and production of IPMs and their use as sources. Innovations include the addition of all jurors names, which it is hoped will encourage further interest in the prosperous villagers who characteristically sat on these juries, and details reflective of administrative processes. The volume covers the first five years of Henry VI's reign, a period of minority and of continuing war in France. Notable tenants include Edmund earl of March, Ralph earl of Westmorland and the de la Pole heiresses.
Thomas M. McCoog S.J.
The Reckoned Expense
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Essays exploring different facets of the life and influence of Edmund Campion, the sixteenth-century Jesuit and martyr.
This volume forms the first modern study of Edmund Campion, the Jesuit priest executed at Tyburn in 1581, and through him focuses on a theme that has been attracting growing interest among sixteenth-century historians: the passagefrom a Catholic to an Anglican England, and the resistance to this move. The essays collected here investigate the historical context of Campion's mission; different aspects of his writing and work; the network of colleagues withwhom he was in contact; his relationship with contemporaries such as Sir Philip Sidney; the effect of his English mission; and the legacy he left.
THOMAS M. MCCOOG, S.J. is the Archivist of the British province of theSociety of Jesus and a member of the Jesuit Historical Institute at Rome.
Contributors: FRANCISCO DE BORJA MEDINA, JOHN BOSSY, NANCY POLLARD BROWN, KATHERINE DUNCAN-JONES, DENNIS FLYNN, VICTOR HOULISTON, JOHN J. LAROCCA, COLM LENNON, DAVID LOADES, JAMES MCCONICA, THOMAS M. MCCOOG, THOMAS MAYER, MICHAEL QUESTIER, ALISON SHELL, MICHAEL E. WILLIAMS
Robert B. Patterson
The Haskins Society Journal 5
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Studies in medieval history including papers on King Stephen, 12c crusaders and a portrait of a medieval anti-semite.
The Haskins Society 11th International Conference, University of Houston 1992 produced a varied collection of papers including Domesday Jurors, presenting new evidence on landownership in 1086; an essay reassessing the impact of the early explorers arguing that Columbus and Vasco de Gama were simply a phase in a history of European expansion; and an unusual paper on the twelfth-century biography of William Marshal (d. 1219) asking what it reveals about the context of its composition.
Contributors: HUGH THOMAS, C.P. LEWIS, J.R.S.PHILLIPS, GEORGE BEECH, C. WARREN HOLLISTER, ROBERT HELMERICHS, THOMAS KEEFE, DAVID CROUCH.
R.I. Page
Runes and Runic Inscriptions
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Of outstanding value to both runologist and Anglo-Saxonist alike. EARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE Discussion of the forms of the runic alphabet and interpretations of individual inscriptions, with consideration of wider matters on which runes throw light - magic, paganism and literacy.
How, where and why runes were used is still often mysterious; they continue to set puzzles for those who study them, among whom few are better known than the author of this book. Here he investigates evidence from Anglo-Saxon runic coins to Manx inscribed stones, including many of the known Anglo-Saxon runic inscriptions (notably the Ruthwell cross and the Franks casket) and manuscripts, and looks in passing at some Scandinavian material, both in Great Britain and elsewhere. In addition to these detailed descriptions of inscriptions, and of the runic futhorc, or alphabet, on which they are based, Page also considers wider issues on which runes throw light: magic, paganism and literacy. Archaeologists, historians and others will find this a uniquely useful and authoritative volume on Anglo-Saxon runes.
The late R.I. PAGE was a Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and Emeritus Professor ofAnglo-Saxon, Cambridge University.
John Evelyn
The Diary of John Evelyn
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Evelyn was at the centre of English social and political life in the17c, friend of Charles II, member of Royal Society.
The Diary of John Evelyn (1620-1706) is one of the principal literary sources for life and manners in the English seventeenth century. Evelyn was one of an influential group of men which included Wren, Pepys and Boyle; afounding member of the Royal Society, he was also a friend of Charles II, a Commissioner for sick seamen and prisoners of war during the Dutch Wars, a prime mover behind Chelsea and Greenwich Hospitals, and a prolific author who wrote about architecture, art, arboriculture, fashion, and pollution. In his Diary he recorded the events and experiences of his long and remarkable life; there are also extensive references to his family, including hispoignant recollections of the children who predeceased him. This edition has been based on the only comprehensive and accurate transcription, by E.S. de Beer, published by Oxford University Press in 1955, but the text hasbeen reworked into individual years and months while retaining the original spelling and grammar throughout.
GUY DE LA BÉDOYERE holds degrees in history and archaeology from the Universities of Durham and London.
Naomi Reed Kline
Maps of Medieval Thought
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Mappa mundi texts and images present a panorama of the medieval world-view, c.1300; the Hereford map studied in close detail.
Filled with information and lore, mappae mundi present an encyclopaedic panorama of the conceptual "landscape" of the middle ages. Previously objects of study for cartographers and geographers, the value of medieval maps to scholars in other fields is now recognised and this book, written from an art historical perspective, illuminates the medieval view of the world represented in a group of maps of c.1300. Naomi Kline's detailed examination of the literary, visual, oral and textual evidence of the Hereford mappa mundi and others like it, such as the Psalter Maps, the '"Sawley Map", and the Ebstorf Map, places them within the larger context of medieval art and intellectual history. The mappa mundi in Hereford cathedral is at the heart of this study: it has more than one thousand texts and images of geographical subjects, monuments, animals, plants, peoples, biblical sites and incidents, legendary material, historical information and much more; distinctions between "real" and "fantastic" are fluid; time and space are telescoped, presenting past, present, and future. Naomi Kline provides, for the first time, a full and detailed analysis of the images and texts of the Hereford map which, thus deciphered, allow comparison with related mappae mundi as well as with other texts and images.
NAOMI REED KLINE is Professor of Art History at Plymouth State College.
Judith Middleton-Stewart
Records of the Churchwardens of Mildenhall
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Edition of ecclesiastical records from a parish church offer a rich source of knowledge for life at the time.
The documents in this volume bring to life the day-to-day business and upkeep of the large church of Mildenhall, belonging to a parish whose manor was the richest in the possession of Bury St Edmund's Abbey. The Collections recordthe weekly offerings gathered in aid of church building and maintenance. The churchwardens' accounts provide evidence for such matters as repairs to vestments and books, the cost of candles, and payments to the various tradesmenemployed. The later accounts also show the impact of the Reformation on the church, with the pulling down of the rood, destruction of the stone altar, and erasure of Thomas Becket's name from service books, and so forth. Many of the people in the accounts are also known from their wills, reproduced as an appendix. The documents are set into context with an introduction, which covers the history of the church during the period, and notes.
The late Judith Middleton-Stewart gained her doctorate from the University of East Anglia; her book on death and remembrance in the Suffolk deanery of Dunwich, Inward Purity and Outward Splendour, is also published by Boydell.
Professor Stephen D. Church
Medieval Knighthood V
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Cumulatively [the volumes] are of increasing value as repositories of scholarship on the multi-dimensional subject of knighthood ... highly informative and useful. ALBION
Studies treating a wide variety of aspects of knighthood. Topics include the way in which the word "knight" has been used, studying the terminology and ritual concerned with "making a knight"; the circumstances and implications ofthe knighting of the social elite of England between 1066 and 1272; the difficulties of distinguishing between knight and clerk, as exemplified by Abelard's multi-faceted image; the debt which Geoffrey de Charny's treatise on chivalry owes to the ideas and ideals of knighthood in Arthurian prose romances; and the linguistic competence of the twelfth-century knightly classes as courtly audience of troubadour song. There are also important contributions onthe warhorse; and on the fortifications of fourteenth-century English towns, arguing that they were more the expression of bourgeois aspirations than a response to serious military threat.
Professor STEPHEN CHURCH teaches in the Department of History, University of East Anglia; Dr RUTH HARVEY is lecturer in French, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College.
Contributors: RICHARD BARBER, MATTHEW BENNETT, JONATHAN BOULTON, MICHAEL CLANCHY, CHARLES COULSON, RUTH HARVEY, ELSPETH KENNEDY, AD PUTTER
Ben Nilson
Cathedral Shrines of Medieval England
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First ever detailed study of lost medieval shrines in English cathedrals.
Almost all the great medieval shrines disappeared at the Reformation, yet for several centuries they were the outward and visible sign of the spiritual benefits believed to flow from proximity to the saint's body, and an importantwitness to the spiritual life of the middle ages. They were the focal point of prayer and pilgrimage, but also a critical economic factor in the life of the church. This first study devoted to cathedral shrines draws on surviving cathedral records to describe their nature and development in England from around 1066 to 1540. The development of the shrine itself, the monument enclosing the saint's body, is followed, and the connections between the chapel around the shrine and changes in church architecture considered. Accounts of the cathedral clergy who built and managed the shrines, the pilgrims who visited them, and the fluctuating fortunes of the cathedrals which housed themcomplete the book. BEN NILSON is College Professor at Okanagan University College, Canada.
Christopher Harper-Bill
Anglo-Norman Studies XX
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The Anglo-Norman world, with particular focus on the Normans in Ireland.
Founded by Professor R. Allen Brown, the Battle Conference this year celebrates its 20th meeting in Dublin with a particular focus on Irish topics. Anglo-Norman Studies, published annually and containing the papers presented at the conference, is established as the single most important publication in the field (as a glance at bibliographies of the period will confirm), covering not only matters relating to pre- and post-Conquest England and France,but also the activities and influences of the Normans on the wider European, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern stage.
Stephen R Morillo
The Battle of Hastings
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A unique collection of materials focused on one of the most significant battles in European history.
The Battle of Hastings is a unique collection of materials focused on one of the most significant battles in European history. It includes all the primary sources for the battle, including pictorial, and seminal accounts ofthe battle by the major historians of the last two centuries. Stephen Morillo, in his own important piece, first sets the scene, describing the political situation in western Europe in the mid-eleventh century, and the events of1066. He then introduces the sources, reviewing the perspective of their medieval authors, and traces the history of writing about the battle. An important companion to the sources and interpretations is the set of original maps of the major stages of the battle, from first contact in the early morning of 14 October 1066 to final pursuit in the late evening darkness.
Sources: WILLIAM OF POITIERS, WILLIAM OF JUMIEGES, ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE, FLORENCE OF WORCESTER, BAYEUX TAPESTRY, CARMEN DE HASTINGAE PROELIO Interpretations: RICHARD ABELS, BERNARD BACHRACH, R. ALLEN BROWN, MARJORIE CHIBNALL, E.A. FREEMAN, J.F.C. FULLER, JOHN GILLINGHAM, CAROL GILLMOR, RICHARD GLOVER, CHRISTINE and GERALD GRAINGE, DAVID HUME, STEPHEN MORILLO.
STEPHEN MORILLO teaches history at Wabash College, Indiana; he is the author of Warfare under the Anglo-Norman Kings and a number of other studies ofAnglo-Norman warfare.
R. Allen Brown
The Norman Conquest of England
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R. Allen Brown selects original material - literature, legal documents, letters and objects -to present the Norman Conquest.
This selection of documents offers an insight into the Norman Conquest of England from a variety of perspectives. It is divided into four parts, each dealing with evidence of a different kind: literary and narrative sources (including Norman, Old English and Anglo-Norman texts); documentary sources, such as charters, writs and leases; letters; and the art of the period, principally, though not exclusively, from the Bayeux Tapestry. Both Anglo-Saxon and Norman England are represented, and Normandy itself is the subject of one section. R. Allen Brown's general introduction supplies a broad context for the material, and commentaries are provided with the documents where necessary, explaining points of particular significance, while a select bibliography gives suggestions for further reading. All documents are provided in translation. Reprint; first published in 1984. R. ALLEN BROWNwas professor of history at King's College, London, and founder of the annual Battle conference on Anglo-Norman studies.
Peter Pears
The Travel Diaries of Peter Pears, 1936-1978
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Travel diaries reveal musical inspiration, personal encounters, notes on performances.
This volume brings together all the travel diaries of Sir Peter Pears (1910-1986), principal interpreter of Britten's works. Pears accompanied Britten on many of his trips and the record of their tour of the Far East in 1955 is ofspecial interest. Here the sound of the gamelan orchestras enchanted Britten and deeply influenced his musical development.
P.R. Coss, S.D. Lloyd
Thirteenth Century England V
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Studies in economic, political and social history in 13c England.
This latest volume in the series of selected proceedings of the conferences on thirteenth-century England, held biennially at Newcastle upon Tyne since 1985, contains fourteen papers given at the 1993 conference, most of them modified and expanded from their oral versions. As previously, they range widely over a variety of topics, embracing aspects of the political, legal, administrative, economic, religious and social history of the period, from merchantsand trade in medieval England to hagiographical writings and the role of the household knights of Edward I; there is also an important historiographical introductory essay considering past and present approaches to the study of thirteenth-century England, and indicating possible trends in the future.
Contributors: M.T. CLANCHY, PHILIP MORGAN, RUTH INGAMELLS, ROBERT BARTLETT, BRIAN GOLDING, ANDREW H. HERSHEY, SCOTT L. WAUGH, JAMES MASSCHAELE, R.H.BRITNELL, W.M. ORMROD, ANDREW F.McGUINNESS, R. MALCOLM HOGG, MICHAEL BURGER, A.A.M. DUNCAN
Mervyn Cooke
Britten and the Far East
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Investigation into the influence of Eastern music on Britten's composition.
Benjamin Britten's interest in the musical traditions of the Far East had a far-reaching influence on his compositional style; this book is the first to investigate the highly original cross-cultural synthesis he was able to achieve through the use of material borrowed from Balinese, Japanese and Indian music. Britten's visit to Indonesia and Japan in 1955-6 is reconstructed from archival sources, and shown to have had a profound impact on his subsequent work: the techniques of Balinese gamelan music were used in the ballet The Prince of the Pagodas (1957), and then became an essential feature of Britten's compositional style, at their most potent in Death in Venice(1973). The No drama and Gagaku court music of Japan were the inspiration for the trilogy of church parables Britten composed in the 1960s. The precise nature of these influences is discussed; Britten's sporadic borrowings from Indian music are also fully analysed. There is a survey of critical responses to Britten's cross-cultural experiments.
Dr MERVYN COOKE lectures in music at the University of Nottingham.
K.L. Maund
Ireland, Wales, and England in the Eleventh Century
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An analysis of the politics of eleventh-century Wales.
The eleventh century was a time of political change throughout the British Isles, and especially so in Wales. Dr Maund examines the relationship of Wales to England and Ireland, and the ways in which Wales was affected by the political activities of these neighbours, setting this in the context of Welsh internal events and policies. She shows the rule of Gruffud ap Llywelyn to have been a turning point for Wales and also for English and Hiberno-Scandinavian politics, and demonstrates that the apparent political chaos was in fact a fascinating network of political activity and growth.
Cord Oestmann
Lordship and Community
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Detailed study of a Norfolk village community during the first half of the sixteenth century, concentrating on the relationship between villagers and their resident landlord.
This book is a detailed study of a village community during the first half of the sixteenth century, concentrating particularly on the little-researched relationship between the villagers and their resident landlord. Using contemporary records it looks at all aspects of the lives of the people living in the village and attempts to recreate the framework in which they lived and operated and which shaped their physical and emotional existence. Respectively both the gentry and the "ordinary people" of the early modern period have frequently been subjects of historical research: Dr Oestmann uses many of the techniques and ideas developed by these studies to analyse the interaction of these groups -here the Lestrange family with the inhabitants of Hunstanton. He discusses what drove the relationship and how the presence of the Lestrange family affected the village community.
CORD OESTMANN studied at the Centre of East Anglian Studies, Norwich (M.A.), and Gottingen University (Ph.D).
Paul Brand
Curia Regis Rolls XVIII [27 Henry III to 30 Henry III] (1243-45)
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Transcripts of 13c plea rolls, vital legal, social and economic detail of the time, presented with index and critical introduction.
The thirteenth-century plea rolls of the king's courts are a historical source of the first importance for legal historians and for all researchers into the social, economic and political history of England. The Public Record Office aims to make these important documents more accessible to historians and researchers by publishing full and accurate transcripts of these rolls. This latest volume contains texts of the six surviving plea rolls of the courts ofCommon Bench and King's Bench from Michaelmas term 1242 to Michaelmas term 1245; there is also a full index of persons and places mentioned. The introduction, drawing on the work of the late C.A.F. Meekings, the acknowledged expert on the rolls, describes the individual rolls and traces their archival history. It also uses the evidence of the surviving final concords of the period as well as other external and internal evidence to document the personnel of the judiciary who were serving in these two courts during the period. DRPAUL BRANDis a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford.
Eric C. Elstob
Travels in a Europe Restored: 1989-1995
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The collapse of Communism in eastern Europe viewed through personal experience.
Europe Restored is a highly personal account of the fall of the Iron Curtain, written from an unusual viewpoint. Eric Elstob was director of various investment trusts in the City during the years before and after the collapse of Communism, with a special interest in European affairs. But he also travelled as an ordinary tourist in eastern Europe, and this book juxtaposes vividly the vignettes of everyday life that he encountered with his high-levelcontacts in the financial and political world; a discussion of the problems of switching from a command economy to a market economy with the finance minister in the capital one month is set beside a talk with the baker who had just bought his shop in a village the next month. Such daily encounters offer exceptional grass-roots witness to the economic challenges facing the former eastern European countries as they struggle to rejoin the wider European economic and cultural entity.
ERIC ELSTOB was vice-chairman of the Foreign and Colonial Group until his retirement in 1995.
Eric Christiansen
Dudo of St Quentin: History of the Normans
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First English translation of key chronicle for study of the rise of the Normans.
This is the first English translation of a powerful work of semi-imaginary history which gave the Normans a past, present, and future at the outset of their triumphant century. Completed in or soon after 1015 by a visiting Frenchscholar, it is a study in verse and prose of one family's rise from defeat and exile in the world of the heathen Vikings to an honoured place among the great territorial rulers of France. It recounts two campaigns in England by the founder, Rollo, and a series of stirring political, military and religious events on the Continent, most notably the dreadful murder of Rollo's son William, and the kidnapping, escape and precarious early career of Dudo's firstpatron, Count Richard I. The author's exuberant imagination is matched by his language, so presenting the unwary reader with difficulties, which ERIC CHRISTIANSEN notes and discusses throughout, defining and explaining themany poetic metres and prose embellishments used, and identifying the sources of numerous borrowings; he also re-examines and collates the manuscripts and printed versions of the text, and considers the most recent scholarship inthe field.
The late ERIC CHRISTIANSEN was Fellow of New College and University Lecturer at Oxford.
Mark A.S. Blackburn
Kings, Currency and Alliances
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Historians, numismatists and philologists consider fundamental aspects of 9c political and economic history.
The ninth century was a period of upheaval in England, as the kingdoms of Mercia and Wessex vied for supremacy, and East Anglia and Kent sought to regain their independence, with the arrival of the Vikings introducing a further element of unrest. This interdisciplinary collection of papers by historians, numismatists and philologists considers fundamental aspects of the period's political and economic history. Alliances and treaties are a central theme, political and monetary. A radical reassesment of events in London in the later ninth century is presented, prompted by a detailed examination of the numismatic evidence marshalled here along with the written sources; it is argued that the Vikings were not in control of the city prior to Alfred's "reoccupation" in AD 886. The volume includes an illustrated corpus of the coinage of Berhtwulf and another for the middle years of Alfred's reign; moneyers are identified as witnesses to charters, and the forms of their names are analysed according to the Old English dialects they represent. A listing of some 500 single coin-finds forms the basis for a discussion of the nature and extent ofmonetary use in ninth-century England.
The late MARK BLACKBURN was Keeper of Coins and Medals at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge; DAVID DUMVILLE is Emeritus Professor at the University of Aberdeen.
Contributors: SIMON KEYNES, THOMAS CHARLES-EDWARDS, JAMES BOOTH, MARK BLACKBURN, LORD STEWARTBY, PAUL BIBIRE, D.M. METCALF, MICHAEL BONSER
Kelly DeVries
Infantry Warfare in the Early Fourteenth Century
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DeVries has focused on an intriguing problem, and his detailed analysis of battles provides an important reassessment of the way in which infantry and dismounted cavalry achieved such striking successes. HISTORY
His detailed analysis of battles provides an important reassessment of the way in which infantry and dismounted cavalry achieved such striking successes. HISTORY This remarkable study confirms [DeVries's] emergence as one of themajor scholars of his generation. JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY This study departs from the conventional view of the dominance of cavalry in medieval warfare: its objective is to establish the often decisive importance of infantry. Kelly DeVries employs evidence from first-hand accounts - a major feature of this study - to examine the role of the infantry, and the nature of infantry tactics, in nineteen battles fought in England and Europe between 1302 and 1347, in most of which it was the infantry which secured victory. The battles analysed in detail are: Courtrai Arques Mons-en-Pevele Loudon Hill Kephissos Bannockburn Boroughbridge Cassel Dupplin Moor Halidon Hill Laupen Morlaix Staveren Vottem Crecy Neville's Cross, and the infantry ambushes: Morgarten Auberoche La Roche-Derrien.
Nigel Yates
Kent in the Twentieth Century
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This is the sixth volume to be published in the major ten volume new history of the county of Kent, and the first detailed study of the development of Kent during the past hundred years.
The sixth volume to be published in the major ten-volume new history of the county of Kent, and the first detailed study of the development of Kent over the past hundred years.
Each of the ten chapters begins by evokinga picture of Kent on the eve of the First World War and looking at the changes that have taken place between then and the present day in the area under discussion. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the two World Warson Kent; to the influence of national events on local institutions and people; to the role of the county council in the development of many aspects of life in Kent; and to the major economic and social changes of the last thirty years, many of them associated with Britain's entry into the European economic community and Kent's strategic importance as a corridor linking London and Britain to Europe.
NIGEL YATES is senior research fellow in church history, University of Wales, Lampeter.
R. Allen Brown
Anglo-Norman Studies X
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Caen, 1987: 900th anniversary of the death of William the Conqueror. S-Etienne-de-Caen; Projet de bééatification de Guillaume le Conquéérant au 16è siècle?; Empress Matilda and Bec-Hellouin; Bayeux Tapestry; Warhorses of thens; S-Vaast-sur-Seulles; St Anselm and William the Conqueror; Early Savignac and Cistercian Architecture in Normandy; St Anselm on Lay Investiture; Ship List of William the Conqueror; Regenbald the Chancellor; William's Bishops; Arms, Armour and Warfare; Eadmer's Historia Novorum.
Contributors: M. BAYLÉE, M. DE BOUARD, M. CHIBNALL, H.E.J. COWDREY, R.H.C. DAVIS, J. DECAENS, W. FROHLICH, L. GRANT, C. W. HOLLISTER, E. VAN HOUTS, S. KEYNES,H.R. LOYN, I. PEIRCE, S. VAUGHN.
James P. Carley
Arthurian Poets: Matthew Arnold and William Morris
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The great vogue in Victorian times for matters Arthurian owes much to the poetry of Matthew Arnold and William Morris. Unlike Tennyson, however, neither of these poets is now remembered primarily for his Arthurian poems; as a result there is no modern anthology devoted to this area of their output. This is a major gap which the present volume seeks to rectify. Arnold's Tristram and Iseultis the first modern English retelling of the Tristram legend,a melancholy interpretation of the theme, reflecting the poet's pessimism about his own age; Morris's different approach - the rich sensuality of his The Defence of Guenevere and other poems -clearly reveals the allure thatthe middle ages held for the pre-Raphaelites.
M. O. H. Carver
The Age of Sutton Hoo
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Comparative studies on the age of Sutton Hoo (5c - 8c) with English and European focus, plus summary of the latest site excavations.
`The Sutton Hoo `princely' burials play a pivotal role in any modern discussion of Germanic kingship.'EARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE The age of Sutton Hoo runs from the fifth to the eighth century AD - a dark and difficult age,where hard evidence is rare, but glittering and richly varied. Myths, king-lists, place-names, sagas, palaces, belt-buckles, middens and graves are all grist to the archaeologist's mill. This book celebrates the anniversary of the discovery of that most famous burial at Sutton Hoo. Fifty years ago this great treasure, now in the British Museum, was unearthed from the centre of a ninety-foot-long ship buried on remote Suffolk heathland. Included in this volume are 23 wide-ranging essays on the Age of Sutton Hoo and director Martin Carver's summary of the latest excavations, which represent the current state of knowledge about this extraordinary site. That it still has secrets to reveal is shown by the last-minute discovery of a striking burial of a young noble with his horse and grave goods. M.O.H. CARVER is Professor of Archaeology at York University, and Director of the Sutton Hoo Research Project.
Ewart Oakeshott
The Archaeology of Weapons
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A history of arms and armour in Europe from pre-history to the 15th century.
In The Archaeology of Weapons, Ewart Oakeshott traces the development of European arms in logical sequence, showing how changes were wrought by the use of new materials and the ever-shifting demands of war and fashion. This history begins nearly two hundred years before the Christian era, covering among other subjects the charioteers of the Near East, the Roman attitude to arms and the Bronze Age weapons of Europe. The core of the book, however, is the middle ages: a general survey of the institution of chivalry, an understanding of which is vital to the appreciation of all the arms of the high middle ages, is followed by a classification covering all sword types from about 1050to 1500. Oakeshott draws on a variety of sources, from the archaeological evidence provided by existing weapons to the clues to be found in literature as diverse as the Old Testament, the works of Homer, Norse sagas and medieval romances. The symbolic importance of the sword is treated as an essential part of this lucid study and adds much to its archaeological interest. The late EWART OAKESHOTT was one of the world's leading authorities on the arms and armour of medieval Europe. His other works on the subject include Records of the Medieval Sword and The Sword in the Age of Chivalry.
Marilyn Oliva
The Convent and the Community in Late Medieval England
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Detailed study of female monasticism in the later middle ages, with particular emphasis on the nuns' importance to the local community.
Convents were an important part of medieval monastic life, but only now, with the upsurge of interest in women's history, are they beginning to receive the attention they deserve. The prevailing view has been that female monasticism was bankrupt, spiritually and socially as well as financially, but Professor Oliva shows the reality to have been otherwise. In her study of the eleven female monasteries in the diocese of Norwich between 1350-1540, the convents emerge as integral parts of the local social and spiritual landscape, with nuns more active in the local community than their male counterparts, and markedly more popular with parish gentry and yeoman farmers (as their wills prove). The majority of nuns are shown to have been from these parish gentry families, not from the upper gentry or aristocracy as has been thought, and the records of their active lives, so rewardingly examined here, reveal mobilitywithin the nunnery too, the existence of a `career ladder' enabling nuns to progress to more important and prestigious household offices. Professor MARILYN OLIVAteaches in the Center for Medieval Studies at Fordham University.
Norbert Ohler
The Medieval Traveller
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An updated edition of this classic study of travelling in the middle ages, demonstrating that our ancestors moved about far more than one might expect.
How did people travel in the middle ages? Evidence shows that despite all the likely deterrents - danger from man and beast, uncertainty of lodging and food, even the basic matter of finding the way -our medieval ancestors moved about far more than we might expect. They set out even on major journeys with a confidence which argues the existence of a network of major routes and minor tracks, the arteries by which new ideas entered Europe's fast-changing civilisation: the knowledge brought back by travellers played an important part in the development of the medieval world. Norbert Ohler lets the travellers speak for themselves, and from the many sources builds up a picture of what travel was really like.
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