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In Anglophone literature, historical questions about urban, socio-economic, political, religious, and cultural development have often been answered using Anglo-French, Anglo-Low Countries, and Anglo-Italian paradigms and sources. Medieval Germany has been largely overlooked, seen as a peripheral and irrelevant anomaly. Conversely, scholars from the German Rhineland have mostly remained within the traditions of civic public history and Landesgeschichte. As a result, they rarely engage with the historical questions raised in wider European discourses.
This volume challenges these historiographical propensities by offering a fresh perspective on medieval urban Germany. It aims to integrate Cologne and the Rhineland more accurately and equitably into the wider histories of medieval Europe. The book engages with historical questions of wider relevance across both German and European medieval histories. It invites all scholars and students of medieval Europe to utilize Cologne as a key source for their research and writing.

Although nearly all scholars acknowledge that the Metamorphoses appears to engage with pastoral poetry, there has not been a monograph specifically designed to address and explore the interaction between pastoral and epic in the Metamorphoses. This book fills in this gap, building on modern approaches to intertextuality, Ovidian, and pastoral studies.

The present book is comprised from five main chapters: 1. Pastoral Encounters, 2. Female Pastoral, 3. Mourning Pastoral, 4. Pastoral Ascent in the Metamorphoses, 5. Pastoral, Golden Age and the Metamorphoses). The chapters are often in dialogue with one another, thus offering a more sustained examination of the topic. Alongside the lack of comprehensive monograph on pastoral in the Metamorphoses, the preseny book’s originality and contribution lie on the exploration of pastoral in the Metamorphoses through the lenses of fiction, heroics, and gender, notions which are interwoven throughout the chapters.

This modern approach to generic interaction will be useful for scholars working on Ovid and across the range of Greek and Roman literature, as well as for students of Classics.

Is entrepreneurship a pathway out of poverty? Does creating a business represent a means for improving one’s life circumstances? Surprisingly little is known about ventures started by those in circumstances of poverty. This pioneering handbook integrates diverse perspectives from around the world regarding the poverty and entrepreneurship interface.

While the tendency among many scholars, economic developers, and policymakers is to downplay these ventures, arguing they are largely inefficient, marginal enterprises that create little innovation and few jobs, the chapters in this handbook demonstrate their significant contributions, and encourage societies to invest in their development.

The authors explore a range of factors affecting the ability of the poor to create enterprises that contribute to their well-being, including the role played by personal capabilities, education, family support and faith, availability of microfinance, technology, supportive community ecosystems and a munificent institutional environment. By shedding light on issues that can help nations realize the potential of these ventures, this volume demonstrates how entrepreneurship can serve as a source of empowerment, while providing direction regarding ways to surmount the obstacles that stand in the way.

Variously identified as an art, a technology, and a professional prerequisite, forms of shorthand have been in use from Antiquity to the modern day. Far from a niche corner in manuscript studies, shorthand represents an almost global phenomenon that has touched upon many aspects of everyday life and of scholarship. Due to its immediate illegibility, however, and the daunting task of decipherment, shorthand has long been neglected as a research object in its own right. The immense quantity of extant and unread shorthand manuscripts has been downplayed, as has the technology’s place in cultures of learning, religious devotion, court practice, parliamentary procedure, authorial composition, corporate life, public and private writing, and the academy. As the first ever peer-reviewed volume on the subject, this book presents a much-needed introduction to shorthand, its history, and its disparate historiography, alongside eight contributions by shorthand specialists that showcase some of the many lines of inquiry that shorthand inspires across a range of disciplinary and methodological perspectives. For readers with a vested interest in shorthand, this volume provides a range of approaches to shorthand in the Latin West, from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century, upon which to orient, substantiate, and inform their own work. For general readers, this publication invites scholars to consider ways in which historically overlooked or underestimated forms of writing facilitated a variety of writing cultures in different contexts, periods, and languages.

This book contains surveys and research articles on the state-of-the-art in finitely presented groups for researchers and graduate students. Overviews of current trends in exponential groups and of the classification of finite triangle groups and finite generalized tetrahedron groups are complemented by new results on a conjecture of Rosenberger and an approximation theorem. A special emphasis is on algorithmic techniques and their complexity, both for finitely generated groups and for finite Z-algebras, including explicit computer calculations highlighting important classical methods. A further chapter surveys connections to mathematical logic, in particular to universal theories of various classes of groups, and contains new results on countable elementary free groups. Applications to cryptography include overviews of techniques based on representations of p-groups and of non-commutative group actions. Further applications of finitely generated groups to topology and artificial intelligence complete the volume. All in all, leading experts provide up-to-date overviews and current trends in combinatorial group theory and its connections to cryptography and other areas.

This volume of essays in honor of Lucia Athanassaki offers a great variety of chapters on a number of topics in Greek and Latin literature and genres, from Greek epic and lyric poetry to Greek drama and late antiquity, Greek historiography, and Latin lyric poetry.

Die Forschungen von K. Holl (1896 und 1899) und M. Richard (1962 und 1976) haben gezeigt, dass die von M. Lequien 1712 (PG 95–96) publizierten Sacra Parallela nur Auszüge eines sehr viel umfangreicheren, in drei Bücher unterteilten Florilegs sind, das in seiner ursprünglichen Form verloren ist, aber mit Hilfe der aus ihm abgeleiteten Florilegien einigermaßen rekonstruiert werden kann. Spätestens seit dem 10. Jh. wurden die Sacra Johannes von Damaskos zugeschrieben, wohl zu Unrecht, da gute Gründe für eine Datierung des Werkes in das erste Viertel des 7. Jh.s sprechen. Das erste Buch ist Gott gewidmet.

Religion plays a central role in a variety of social movements, including many that are not explicitly faith-based. This book provides the first systematic analysis of the ways religion contributes to diverse movements for social change. It draws on a variety of case studies, from the US and globally, to build an argument about religion’s distinctive capacity to provide logistical support, to inspire and legitimize activist practices, to connect different spatial scales, and to link big ideas to everyday experiences.

The book’s analysis rests on three foundational arguments. First and most fundamentally, it is impossible to understand movements for social change without analyzing the multiple ways that religion shapes their ideas, communities, and practices.

Second, religion is always in mutually transformative interaction with social and political forces and can never be entirely separated from them. In social movements and in the public sphere more generally, people interpret politics with values and concepts drawn from religion and understand their activism as spiritually meaningful. This challenges the assumption that religion is a largely a private matter.

Third, scholars must treat religion as a relatively independent variable, which actively shapes social processes just as it is shaped by them. We cannot make sense of religion’s role in social movements without acknowledging that religious institutions and traditions have, to some extent, a life of their own.

Zäh hält sich die mittlerweile widerlegte Ansicht, die stereotypische Verknüpfung von Jüdinnen*Juden mit Gier, Reichtum und Wucher ginge auf ihre vermeintliche Rolle im vormodernen Geldhandel zurück. Diese Studie fragt nach den tatsächlichen Entstehungsgründen und konzentriert sich auf das deutsche Reich zwischen dem 12. Jahrhundert und der Großen Pest. Dabei werden christliche Vorstellungen von sündhafter Gier, jüdischem Materialismus und der Rolle des Judaslohns für den „Gottesmord“ in den Blick genommen, die sich während der sozioökonomischen Umbrüche des Hochmittelalters zum Bild des „Geldjuden“ verdichteten. Nicht antijüdische Hetze stand anfangs im Zentrum, sondern eine innerchristliche Auseinandersetzung um den Umgang mit Geld – in einem Zeitraum, als dessen soziale Bedeutung anstieg und tradierte Moralvorstellungen herausforderte. Zunehmend wurde diese Chiffre aber aus dem ursprünglichen monastischen bzw. theologischen Kontext gelöst und auf reale Jüdinnen*Juden projiziert, um z. B. Ritualmordlegenden oder Pogrome zu rationalisieren. Die Studie bemüht sich um ein besseres Verständnis der christlichen Judenfeindschaft und des historischen Entwicklungsprozesses antisemitischer Vorstellungen, die heute noch virulent sind.

Russian culture and Slavic Studies maintain that Gogol is an incontrovertible Russian writer. To call him a Ukrainian is to encounter deep skepticism. Oddly, the grounds of his "Russianness" are rarely made explicit and even less often examined critically. This book addresses these problems. It shows, for example, how scholars assume that language and theme make Gogol Russian. How others call him Russian by denying Ukrainians status as a separate nation, while still others avoid explanations altogether by representing him as a typical Russian in a national culture and literature. This book challenges such paradigms, situating Gogol within an "imperial culture," where Russian and Ukrainian elites shared intellectual pursuits but clashed over rival national projects. It reveals Gogol as a Ukrainian Russian-language Imperial Writer, a person who embraced an emergent Ukrainian movement while remaining a loyal imperial subject. This book will appeal to Russianists and Ukrainianists, anyone interested in questions of identity, cultural politics, and colonialism. It provides ample context and background, making it suitable for students. Readers who enjoy Taras Bulba will be drawn to the chapter that dispels the myth of its "Russianness."

CSEL 109 is the first critical edition of the five books of Vigilius of Thapsus’ Contra Eutychetem based on all known codices. Composed in the aftermath of the Council of Chalcedon, the books deal with the refutation of the Monophysite heresy and the defence of Chalcedonism. The introduction presents the stemmatic classification of the manuscripts, discusses linguistic peculiarities and explains the reasons for textual decisions.

Im fünften Faszikel des Supplements zu CIL IX legt Marco Buonocore für rund 150 neu gefundene lateinische Inschriften der Regio Italiae quarta eine kritische Edition samt bildlicher Dokumentation vor. Der Band enthält ferner Addenda und Corrigenda zu den bereits im 19. Jahrhundert bekannten, 1883 von Theodor Mommsen edierten Inschriften, ebenso zu den 2018–2022 in den Faszikeln 1–4 publizierten. Der zweite Teil des Faszikels bietet die Gesamtindices zum Stammband und den Supplementen. Der Band schließt mit einer Übersichtskarte.

Das Gebiet der Regio Italiae quarta umfasst die Territorien der Samnites, Frentani, Marrucini, Paeligni, Vestini, Marsi, Aequi, Sabini. Es besitzt umfangreiches und für die Ereignis- und Kulturgeschichte des Römischen Imperiums bedeutendes epigraphisches Quellenmaterial. Der Band schließt die langjährige Forschungstätigkeit von Marco Buonocore zu den Inschriften der Regio quarta ab.

The book investigates the multifaceted entanglements between the many pasts and presents of the Nordic medieval period and colonialism. The edited volume contributes to the untangling of questions concerning how present, recent, and past structures of colonialism affect historiography on the medieval Nordic past. Consisting of thematically diverse chapters, the book brings together a range of approaches related to medieval colonialism in a Nordic context, touching both on medieval and medievalist factors. The editors and contributors understand their project as part of the growing conversation about colonialism and its reverberations in academia, and as a contribution to decolonization efforts. The volume will offer an interdisciplinary approach to oft-neglected aspects of the medieval world through an incorporation of more inclusive methodologies and re-readings of both medieval texts and previous scholarship.

This volume looks to core ideas defining Goethe’s work and his influence on his contemporaries and inheritors. Contributions to this volume explore his impact through ideas of organic and aesthetic formation; methods of biology, reason, becoming, and Bildung; modes of self-conscious comportment to nature, art, and the self; and conceptions of finitude and divinity. This volume underscores the interdisciplinary impact of Goethe’s thought and work. Of particular note is Goethe's unified and non-reductive account of nature, human education, social life, and reason. These contributions shed light on how Goethe's thought furthers the methodological sciences of his day while yielding resources for the grounding of theories of art in principles of idealism as well as imminent critiques of idealism through insights about organic formation and activity. The result is a compelling sense of unity through plurality. Contributors: James Conant, Richard Eldridge, Camilla Flodin, Michael Forster, Gerad Gentry, Keren Gorodeisky, Johannes Haag, Joel Lande, Lara Ostaric, Mattias Pirholt, Anne Pollok, Karin Schutjer, Allen Speight, Joan Steigerwald, Violetta Waibel, David Wellbery.

This three-volume set of essays is dedicated to Alain Touwaide, known for his far-reaching investigations in fields such as ancient medicine, botany, pharmacy, texts and manuscripts, the classical tradition, translation, the history of science, ethnopharmacology, and plant therapies. The essays, penned by 80 international scholars and researchers and written in six languages, are grouped into three broad categories—Manuscripts, Plants, and Remedies—to reflect Alain’s main areas of research. Each category is broken into subgroups, such as manuscripts, texts, and science; botany; gardens, materia medica, pharmacy, drugs, archaeology, medical traditions, and continuity of scientific knowledge in the East and West. The papers reach across many fields of scholarship, science, and medicine and are, necessarily and fundamentally, trans-disciplinary, trans-chronological, and trans-geographic. These volumes are not so much a Festschrift as an approach to Alain’s work through many disciplines and methods, a discussion of the current status of each field, and an opening into new perspectives.

Bilingual edition (English/German)

While most high-rise buildings continue to be built in China and the USA, Australia and especially Singapore have recently emerged as hotspots for high-rise architecture. Furthermore, the trend toward mixed-use skyscrapers, which have repeatedly been among the finalists of The International High-Rise Award since 2014, continues unabated. Former specific features such as extensive greening or the construction of high-rise clusters have long since become standard. Due to the shortage of suitable building sites and growing environmental awareness, existing buildings are increasingly coming into focus in high-rise construction.

Best High-Rises 2024/25 presents 32 of the most exciting recently completed high-rise projects that combine sustainability, external form and internal spatial qualities, and social aspects into exemplary designs that point the way to the future. Each of these projects is comprehensively presented with photos and plans.

The International High-Rise Award is presented every two years. Previous winners include 3XN (2022), OMA (2020), Benjamín Romano (2018), BIG (2016), Stefano Boeri (2014), Ingenhoven Architects (2012), WOHA (2010), and Foster + Partners (2008).

• 20 years of The International High-Rise Award
• 32 of the most interesting recent high-rise projects worldwide in texts, plans, and photos
• new focus: conversion of existing high-rises

Während die meisten Hochhäuser nach wie vor in China und den USA gebaut werden, lassen sich aktuell Australien und insbesondere Singapur als Hotspots für Hochhausarchitektur ausmachen. Weiterhin bestätigt sich die Tendenz zu mischgenutzten Hochhäusern, die sich bereits seit 2014 immer wieder unter den Finalisten des Internationalen Hochhaus Preises befinden. Einstige Besonderheiten wie flächendeckende Begrünungen oder der Bau von Hochhausclustern gehören mittlerweile längst zum Standard. Bedingt durch den Mangel an geeigneten Bauflächen sowie wachsendem Umweltbewusstsein rückt der Gebäudebestand beim Hochhausbau vermehrt in den Fokus.

Best High-Rises 2024/25 präsentiert 32 der spannendsten kürzlich fertiggestellten Hochhausprojekte, die Nachhaltigkeit, äußere Form und innere Raumqualitäten sowie soziale Aspekte zu einem vorbildlichen Entwurf verbinden und so beispielhaft in die Zukunft weisen. Jedes dieser Projekte wird anhand von Fotos und Plänen umfassend vorgestellt.

Der Internationale Hochhaus Preis wird alle zwei Jahre vergeben. Zu den bisherigen Gewinner*innen zählen u. a. 3XN (2022), OMA (2020), Benjamín Romano (2018), BIG (2016), Stefano Boeri (2014), Ingenhoven Architects (2012), WOHA (2010) und Foster + Partners (2008).

• 20 Jahre Internationaler Hochhaus Preis
• 32 der interessantesten jüngsten Hochhausprojekte weltweit in Texten, Plänen und Fotos
• Neuer Schwerpunkt: Umbau bestehender Hochhäuser

Modern urban terraced houses or row houses emerged in Europe from the 17th century onwards. Usually two to three storeys high and with a garden at the back, they formed the traditional urban block. In Brussels, this bourgeois type of housing took on a particularly varied and inspiring form—including the well-known Art Nouveau residences—which composes the DNA of the city to this day. This publication analyses 121 selected examples illustrating the emergence of the terraced house and its further development in other forms of housing. The result is a broad panorama and a history of the architecture and development of the city of Brussels with its particularly heterogenous cityscape.

This expanded edition comprises a new chapter by Kristiaan Borret, the city's former “bouwmeester”. 13 new case studies were added and the content was updated. A project index facilitates quick navigation.

•     With a photo essay by the well-known Belgian photographer Maxime Delvaux
•     All plans have been drawn in standard scales especially for the publication
•     An atlas of exemplary historical and contemporary housing typologies

The reception of Boccaccio’s works began early on, throughout Europe. This is reflected impressively in the splendidly illuminated manuscripts of Filocolo, Filostrato and Teseida, De casibus virorum illustrium, De mulieribus claris, and The Decameron. The stories of The Decameron, an entertaining and profound universe illustrating the all-too-human, were depicted on wedding chests, and in panel paintings and wall frescoes. They were brought into the modern age primarily by Pier Paolo Pasolini’s film re-enactment dating from 1971. This volume focuses on Boccaccio’s drawings and the development of his portrait iconography, the illuminated manuscripts and their courtly patrons, and on the impact of The Decameron and its stories, which are so significant in art history and theory.

Designing architecture with solar cells - principles and qualities of a new architecture

The rapid development of solar technology is not only increasing the efficiency of energy production, it is also reducing costs, so that solar architecture may soon be considered the new normal. Solar components are increasingly being used in building design. The wide range of technical solutions now offers fascinating possibilities for design.

Made of Solar shows the principles and qualities of a new architecture. Integrated both on the roof and on the façade, the well-designed solutions presented here follow the rules of solar energy production, but also open up new architectural freedom. The book presents a selection of 25 pioneering, realised buildings with 3D details, plans, graphics and large-format colour photographs.

• Construction methods of exemplary solar architectures in detail
• Specially created isometric detailed drawings and colour illustrations
• Diverse sources of inspiration for the use of solar cells
• Available in German and English language editions

The dispersal of the Indo-European language family from the third millennium BCE is thought to have dramatically altered Europe’s linguistic landscape. Many of the preexisting languages are assumed to have been lost, as Indo-European languages, including Greek, Latin, Celtic, Germanic, Baltic, Slavic and Armenian, dominate in much of Western Eurasia from historical times. To elucidate the linguistic encounters resulting from the Indo-Europeanization process, this volume evaluates the lexical evidence for prehistoric language contact in multiple Indo-European subgroups, at the same time taking a critical stance to approaches that have been applied to this problem in the past.

Die Forschungen von K. Holl (1896 und 1899) und M. Richard (1962 und 1976) haben gezeigt, dass die von M. Lequien 1712 (PG 95–96) publizierten Sacra Parallela nur Auszüge eines sehr viel umfangreicheren, in drei Bücher unterteilten Florilegs sind, das in seiner ursprünglichen Form verloren ist, aber mit Hilfe der aus ihm abgeleiteten Florilegien einigermaßen rekonstruiert werden kann. Spätestens seit dem 10. Jh. wurden die Sacra Johannes von Damaskos zugeschrieben, wohl zu Unrecht, da gute Gründe für eine Datierung des Werkes in das erste Viertel des 7. Jh.s sprechen. Das erste Buch ist Gott gewidmet.

Der interdisziplinäre Band untersucht den frühmittelalterlichen Wissenstransfer, wie er sich an der Vermischung verschiedener Volkssprachen bzw. Schreibdialekte beobachten lässt. Die Beiträge umfassen dabei Themen von Schreibgewohnheiten und Schreibsituationen in mittelalterlichen Skriptorien über prominente Traditionsstränge altenglischer und althochdeutscher Überlieferung bis hin zu lexikalischen Interferenzen und lexikographischen Aspekten.

Germany was the epicenter of the Cold War. Across the Iron Curtain, hundreds of thousands of soldiers faced each other, and if World War III were to break out, contemporaries feared, surely it would happen here. The country’s frontline status made it an El Dorado for spies, who gathered information on military targets, penetrated political parties, and trained partisans for stay-behind operations. For the Americans, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) came to take the lead in this silent – and sometimes not so silent – contest. In the heyday of the Cold War, the agency’s German station employed nearly two thousand officers – in addition to countless spies and informants. Ultimately, this covert empire reported to the CIA station chief in West Germany and his deputy. And for many years, either of those positions was held by Gordon Matthews Stewart.

Gordon Stewart was well prepared for this assignment. He studied German history and literature during the 1930s and lived in Munich and Hamburg as a visiting student. Here, he personally witnessed the Nazi takeover, even catching a glimpse of Adolf Hitler at one of his notorious rallies. When the United States entered the war in 1941, the newly established Office of Strategic Services (OSS) recruited him as a specialist on German affairs. In the summer of 1945, he arrived in Germany with an OSS detachment. Eventually, the OSS morphed into the CIA, and Gordon Stewart would run the agency’s espionage organization in Germany for some twenty years. 　

From CIA headquarters in Heidelberg, Karlsruhe, Frankfurt, and eventually, Bonn, Mr. Stewart directed all intelligence operations in central Europe. Initially, he hunted down Nazi war criminals, but the Cold War compelled him to bend his efforts toward the Soviet bloc. During the 1950s, Mr. Stewart directed espionage operations against East Germany, organized the training of Ukrainian partisans at U.S. bases in Bavaria, and participated in a scheme to dig a tunnel into East Berlin to eavesdrop on Soviet and East German communications. He also recruited and handled sources inside the West German government, including the chief of the Bundesnachrichtendienst, Reinhard Gehlen; the highest-ranking West German military officer, General Adolf Heusinger; and top policy-makers of the Christian and social democratic parties. 　　

Mr. Stewart’s memoirs, introduced by renowned intelligence scholar Thomas Boghardt, offer not only a fascinating look inside the CIA’s largest overseas station; they also tell the story of a deeply conscientious and highly accomplished intelligence officer, whose experience, intellect, and moral compass shaped American policy toward Germany and Europe during the turbulent years of the early Cold War.　

The book takes its cue from the topics of PhrasaLex, a workshop dedicated to phraseological approaches to learner’s lexicography which took place for the second time in July 2021 and is connected to the lexicographic project PhraseBase.

Considering the great interest that studies on patterns of meaning have gained in lexicology and lexicography, we not only delve into the more phraseological approach, but broaden our horizon to include further approaches, both established and new, that have as their common thread the identification and analysis of patterns of meaning in their interaction with grammatical patterns. In this way, we present the commonalities of a complex, innovative and partly interdisciplinary strand of research that currently involves disciplines such as theoretical and applied linguistics, corpus linguistics and computational linguistics.

The book provides insights into different theoretical approaches examining the interface between lexis, semantics and grammar, by dealing with methodological advances and issues regarding corpus linguistics explorations and the lexicographic process. A special focus is on the phraseological nature of language as well as on its implication for the design of (learner’s) dictionaries.

"Enki and the World Order," a Sumerian myth from the early second millennium BCE, depicts the god Enki's reconstitution of the Sumerian world after an unspecified catastrophe. The myth ends with a face-off between Enki and the goddess of love and war, Inana, who is dissatisfied with Enki's allotment of functions to the other goddesses.

This volume presents a critical edition of the 472-line Sumerian text, with introduction, translation and commentary, based on 25 published and unpublished manuscripts, mostly from Nippur in what is now southern Iraq. All the manuscripts, with one exception, have been collated, and there are many new fragments and joins to previously known tablets.

In den Wolken lässt Aristophanes zwei Welten mit komischer Wucht aufeinanderprallen: die des ungebildeten Bauern Strepsiades und die des stadtbekannten Intellektuellen Sokrates, der in höheren Sphären schwebt und abstruse 'Forschungen' betreibt. Um Schulden, die sein Sohn gemacht hat, nicht zurückzahlen zu müssen, will Strepsiades von Sokrates das 'ungerechte Argument' lernen. Der moralisch zweifelhafte Plan geht erst auf, als der Sohn anstelle des Vaters bei Sokrates in die Lehre geht, aber anders, als alle Beteiligten sich vorstellen …

Die Uraufführung 423 v. Chr. war kein Erfolg, aber Aristophanes war von dem Stück weiterhin überzeugt und überarbeitete es. Es sind diese 'zweiten' Wolken, die wir haben. Die Sokrates-Figur machte sie zu einer der meistdiskutierten Komödien, aber es steckt viel mehr darin. Das Stück spielt Gegensätze und Konflikte aus, die im Athen jener Jahre erlebt und debattiert wurden: Stadt und Land, Alte und Junge, überkommene und moderne Erziehung, Alltagsverstand und wissenschaftliche Spekulation, traditioneller Götterglaube und sophistischer Relativismus, nicht zuletzt Gefahren durch und für Sprache. Dies alles erschließt die Ausgabe mit Einführung, griechischem Text, Prosaübersetzung und Kommentar.

The American military occupation of Germany lasted five years. During this time, Germany made great strides along the road from fascism to democracy, Europe became the fulcrum of the Cold War, and the United States emerged as a global superpower. This book corrects numerous misunderstandings and fills many gaps in our knowledge about the occupation.

Der Band 4.1 enthält den Kommentar zum ersten und zweiten Teil von Nietzsches Also sprach Zarathustra. Entstanden in den Jahren 1883 bis 1885, handelt es sich um das populärste Werk Nietzsches, das aufgrund seiner poetischen Form und seiner Rätselhaftigkeit enorme Strahlkraft entfaltet hat, aber auch, weil es mit dem "Übermenschen" und der "ewigen Wiederkunft" zentrale Konzepte Nietzsches vorstellt.

The corpus of letters by Michael Choniates (1138-1222), the learned Metropolitan of Athens, provides a reliable historical source for Athenian life in the 12th and 13th centuries. The 181 letters are models of Byzantine eloquence and rhetorical elegance; through this edition, complemented by prolegomena, regesta and indexes, the rhetorical skill and stylistic elegance of the correspondent present a complete picture of life (fiscal system, books, trade etc.) in the Byzantine province.

At the heart of Paul’s Corinthian correspondence is a historical puzzle. How did the relative calm of 1 Corinthians deteriorate into the chaos of 2 Corinthians, and what role did the so-called Jewish “super-apostles” play in that conflict? This book proposes a new solution: it was Paul, not his rivals, who shot the first volley in the Corinthian conflict.

Paul’s claims of unique authority—for instance, as the architect atop whose foundation all others must build (1 Cor 3:10) and the Corinthians’ father while others are mere pedagogues (4:15)—would relegate other leaders to lesser positions. His contention that accepting financial support put an obstacle before the gospel (9:12) would jeopardize the livelihood of apostles who relied on such support. Finally, Paul’s claim that he becomes “lawless to the lawless” (9:21) or that “circumcision is nothing” (7:19) could throw into question Paul’s own Jewishness (cf. 2 Cor 11:22). By reading the Corinthian correspondence against the grain—imagining how Paul’s letter might have backfired for an audience who did not yet take him as scripture—this book explores how misunderstandings and misinterpretations can fracture church communities and cause a ripple effect of conflict and accusation.

German-english edition
The epochal term "New Objectivity" became synonymous with the cultural awakening of the 1920s, and with the rationalism and objective precision to be observed in art as well as architecture, design, photography and literature at that time. In 1925, Gustav F. Hartlaub coined the term with an exhibition of the same name. 100 years later, the exhibition shown then at Kunsthalle Mannheim will be scrutinized critically and reconstructed digitally. In addition to works by key artistic figures such as Max Beckmann, Otto Dix and George Grosz, the new exhibition will also present overlooked positions, especially those of female artists such as Anita Rée and Lotte Laserstein. The scope will also be extended topographically, e.g. to Switzerland and Italy, as well as chronologically, to the 1930s and early 1940s. The publication promises visual immersion in a formative stylistic epoch and will provide insights into the current state of research on key questions of New Objectivity.

• New Objectivity - a panorama of the 1920s and 1930s
• An era rediscovered: female positions and forgotten artists, highlighting people, motifs and themes

Der Epochenbegriff „Neue Sachlichkeit" wurde zu einem Synonym für den kulturellen Aufbruch der 1920er-Jahre und die in der Kunst, aber auch in Architektur, Design, Fotografie oder Literatur zu beobachtenden Rationalität und sachlichen Präzision. Gustav F. Hartlaub prägte diesen Begriff 1925 mit einer Ausstellung, die namensgebend wurde. 100 Jahre danach soll die in der Kunsthalle Mannheim gezeigte Schau kritisch hinterfragt und digital rekonstruiert werden. Neben Werken zentraler Künstlerpersönlichkeiten wie Max Beckmann, Otto Dix und George Grosz werden auch übersehene Positionen, vor allem von Künstlerinnen wie Anita Rée und Lotte Laserstein, vorgestellt. Ausgeweitet wird der Blick auch topografisch, etwa in die Schweiz und nach Italien, sowie zeitlich bis in die 1930er- und frühen 1940er-Jahre. Die Publikation verspricht ein visuelles Eintauchen in eine prägende Stilepoche und gibt Einblick in den aktuellen Forschungsstand über zentrale Fragen der Neuen Sachlichkeit.

• Die Neue Sachlichkeit – ein Panorama der 1920er- und 1930er-Jahre
• Eine Epoche neu entdeckt: weibliche Positionen und vergessene Künstler*innen mit Schlaglichtern auf Personen, Motive und Themen

Dire Remedies: a Social History of Healthcare in Classical Antiquity is the first wide-ranging social history of ancient healthcare. Greek medicine is at the origin of modern medicine, but it was very often ineffective. What did people actually do when faced with pain and illness? Starting with a review of ancient health conditions and a survey of what doctors had to offer, W.V. Harris describes the multifarious practices and diverse kinds of people to whom Greeks and Romans turned for help. Topics include the possible development of analgesics, ancient ideas about contagion, the history of the god Asclepius and more generally the role of religion and magic, opinions about abortion, ancient responses to mental illness, and the invention of the hospital. Taking into account the fill range of textual sources and archaeological material, this book attempts to provide an unprecedentedly realistic – and readable – depiction of the Greek and Roman responses to ill health.

This book focuses on discussions of metaphysics and epistemology in early modern India found in the works of the South Indian philosopher Vyāsatīrtha (1460–1539). Vyāsatīrtha was pivotal to the ascendancy of the Mādhva tradition to intellectual and political influence in the Vijayanagara Empire.

This book is primarily a philosophical reconstruction based on original translations of relevant parts of Vyāsatīrtha’s Sanskrit philosophical text, the “Nectar of Logic” (Nyāyāmr̥ta). Vyāsatīrtha wrote the Nyāyāmr̥ta as a vindication of his tradition’s theistic world view against the Advaita tradition of Vedānta. In the centuries after it was written, the Nyāyāmr̥ta came to dominate philosophical discussions among Vedānta traditions in India.

The Advaitins argued for an anti-realist stance about the empirical world, according to which the world of our experience is simply an illusion that can be dispelled by a deep study of the Upaniṣads. This book reconstructs the parts of the Nyāyāmr̥ta where Vyāsatīrtha argues in favor of the reality of the world against the Advaitins. Philosophically, it focuses on the concept of existence in Vyāsatīrtha’s metaphysics, and on his arguments about knowledge and the philosophy of perception.

In den jahrzehntelangen Vorarbeiten zu seiner weltweit so beachteten Homerausgabe hat der Editor viele interessante und zugleich neue Details zur Textüberlieferung gewonnen, die er nunmehr in einer Spezialmonographie zusammengefaßt hat. Somit wird der Homerforscher in die neusten Ergebnisse zu Textproblemen in Homers Ilias eingeführt; und bestimmte editorische Entscheidungen von West sind für den Fachmann klarer nachzuvollziehen.

Over a period of 22 years (1934-1955), the mathematician Kurt Gödel wrote down philosophical remarks, the so-called Maximen Philosophie (Max Phil). They are preserved in 15 notebooks in Gabelsberger shorthand. The first booklet contains general philosophical considerations, booklets two and three consist of Gödel's individual ethics. The following books show that Gödel developed a philosophy of science in which he places his discussions on physics, psychology, biology, mathematics, language, theology and history in the context of a metaphysics.

A complete, historical-critical edition of Gödel's Philosophical Notebooks is now being prepared for the first time at the Kurt Gödel Research Centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. One volume will be published each year as part of this edition.

Volume 6 is in some respects a continuation of 'Maximen V'. From a systematic point of view, three major subject areas in particular can be identified, namely: (I) spirit, soul, ego, consciousness, mind; (II) perception as sensory perception, but also perception through the mind or by means of feeling; and (III) language, in which Gödel deals with the word, the sentence, speech, the concept and judgement, among other things.

This book is an in-depth tutorial on how to make communities work to really improve business performance. It covers principles and proven practices that ensure community success and longevity, provides tips and techniques for leading communities and communities programs that the reader can apply immediately, looks at different types of communities and the technologies that support them, and illustrates communities in practice.

This volume covers the transition period stretching from the reign of Justinian I to the end of the 8th century, focusing on the experience of individuals who lived through the last decades of Byzantine rule in Egypt before the arrival of the new Arab rulers. The contributions drawing from the wealth of sources we have for Egypt, explore phenomena of stability and disruption during the transition from the classical to the postclassical world.

The handbook provides a comprehensive evaluation of approaches, topics and research areas of the rapidly developing field of Historical Animal Studies. The so called ‘animal turn’ specifically inspired new takes on writing history. This upsurge in research has led to immense amounts of new empirical studies as well as approaches to historiography, which this handbook aims to systemize.

Though typically associated more with Judaism than Christianity, the status and sacrality of Hebrew has nonetheless been engaged by both religious cultures in often strikingly similar ways. The language has furthermore played an important, if vexed, role in relations between the two. Hebrew between Jews and Christians closely examines this frequently overlooked aspect of Judaism and Christianity's common heritage and mutual competition.

This third volume of the Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae includes inscriptions from the South Coast from the time of Alexander through the end of Byzantine rule in the 7th century. It includes all the languages used in the inscriptions of this period – Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Aramaic, Samaritan, Christian Palestinian Aramaic, and Nabataean. The 488 texts are classified according to city, from Tel Aviv in the north to Raphia in the South.

The book Ontological Proofs Today, apart from the introduction, consists of six parts. Part II comprises papers each of which pertains either to historical ontological arguments, or to some other, rather new, ontological arguments, but what makes them stand out from the other papers in this volume, is the fact that they all treat of the omniscience or the omnipotence of God. Part III includes papers which introduce new ontological arguments for the existence of God, without referring to omniscience and omnipotence as the transparent attributes of God. The issue of the type of necessity with which ontological proofs work or may work is raised in the articles of Part IV. In Part V the semantics for some ontological proofs are defined. Part VI consists of papers which, although quite different from each other in terms of content, all explore some ontological issues, and formal ontology may be considered the link between them. Part VII comprises two articles, by R. E. Maydole and G. Oppy, mutually controversial and different in their assessment of some ontological proofs.

Women in the Ancient Near East offers a lucid account of the daily life of women in Mesopotamia from the third millennium BCE until the beginning of the Hellenistic period. The book systematically presents the lives of women emerging from the available cuneiform material and discusses modern scholarly opinion. Stol’s book is the first full-scale treatment of the history of women in the Ancient Near East.

Coptica Lipsiensia enthält die Ersteditionen von zehn koptischen Texten der Papyrus- und Ostrakasammlung der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig. P.Lips.Copt. I 1 bis 5 sind literarische Texte, darunter die aus 60 Fragmenten rekonstruierten, umfangreichen Teile eines Markus-Evangeliums in einer Version, der bislang nur von einer Handvoll koptischer Textzeugen bekannt ist, das Fragment eines unbekannten theologischen Dialogs über Willensfreiheit und die Herkunft des Bösen, indem ein „Origenist" auftritt, zwei Textzeugen einer Archelaos von Neapolis zugeschriebenen Lobrede auf den Erzengel Gabriel und zweisprachig auf Griechisch und Koptisch notierten Psalmenverse, die als liturgische Grußworte ausgewählt wurden. P.Lips.Copt. I 6 bis 10 sind dokumentarische Papyri, darunter drei durch Konstantin von Tischendorf 1853 angekaufte koptische Rechtsurkunden aus Jême, ein umfangreicher Papyrusbrief über die Reparatur eines Wasserrades und ein neues Dokument des Typs von Aufträgen der Äbte des Apa-Apollon-Klosters im Hermupolites, die mit den Worten beginnen: „Es ist unser Vater, der schreibt". Der Band wird durch umfangreiche Indizes und 68 farbige Tafeln abgeschlossen.

In recent years, the issue of space has sparked debates in the field of Holocaust Studies. The book demonstrates the transdisciplinary potential of space-related approaches. The editors suggest that “spatial thinking” can foster a dialogue on the history, aftermath, and memory of the Holocaust that transcends disciplinary boundaries. Artworks by Yael Atzmony serve as a prologue to the volume, inviting us to reflect on the complicated relation of the actual crime site of the Sobibor extermination camp to (family) memory, archival sources, and material traces.

In the first part of the book, renowned scholars introduce readers to the relevance of space for key aspects of Holocaust Studies. In the second part, nine original case studies demonstrate how and to what ends spatial thinking in Holocaust research can be put into practice. In four introductory essays, the editors identify spatial configurations that transcend conventional disciplinary, chronological, or geographical systematizations: Fleeting Spaces; Institutionalized Spaces; Border/ing Spaces; Spatial Relations. Drawing on a host of theoretical concepts and addressing various historical contexts as well as different types of media, this book offers scholars and students valuable insights into cutting-edge, international scholarly debates.

Fascicle IG II/III³ 1, 2 contains 275 laws and decrees from the years between 352/1 BC and the end of the Lamian War in 322/1. They provide an authentic picture of Athenian politics and its protagonists before Athens’ defeat at the Battle of Chaironeia (338), in the “Age of Lycurgus” that followed, and the final years until the capitulation of the city to Antipater and the end of its independence. There is an index to the inscriptions, and where preserved these are illustrated with photographs.