Multilingual Matters

This book is the first volume devoted to mindset theory and practice in language education, offering interdisciplinary investigations into the motivation, competencies, emotions and wellbeing of language learners and teachers. Presenting studies from a vast array of language learning environments, the chapters explore topics such as students' attitudes and motivation surrounding language learning, the effects of mindset on vocabulary acquisition, the mindsets of early career teachers and experienced language teachers, interventions on students' mindsets and interventions that strengthen language teachers' growth mindsets. The findings presented in this book will be of great interest to instructors and researchers alike and present essential developments for the field of applied linguistics and psychology of language learning and teaching. The book will be invaluable in improving the quality of the language learning experience for teachers and students in various academic environments.

The first dual language instruction book to focus on a non-alphabetical language, Mandarin Chinese.

This book discusses multiple aspects of Chinese dual language immersion (DLI) programs, with a focus on the controversial Utah model. The first part of the book focuses on the parents, teachers, and school administrators. It looks at the perceptions of the three groups toward the Utah model, how they build a supportive DLI classroom with an emphasis on teacher–teacher and teacher–parent communication, and how the teachers position themselves in teaching through their teacher identities.

The second part of the book emphasizes classroom research and explores teaching and learning strategies, corrective feedback and learner uptake and repair, translanguaging in authentic teacher–student interaction, and Chinese-character teaching.

As the first DLI book to include a non-alphabetical language, Chinese, it addresses the need for more research on DLI programs of languages other than Spanish. The book will benefit not only Chinese DLI educators and administrators in the US, but will also offer some useful suggestions and thoughts to educators and administrators of similar programs worldwide.

This book synthesises research on very early language learning in pre-primary organised instruction settings such as kindergarten, nursery or afternoon classes. Using a framework of ecological development, it investigates the nested systems in which very young learners operate, the other agents involved in each of these systems and the influence these agents have on children’s foreign language learning. It explores the ecosystems of the individual learner and their family, educational institutions, general social climate and language education policies, resulting in a holistic view of early language learning and the key transitions into and out of pre-primary formal instruction settings. This is the first book to gather research to date on very young learners in formal settings, offering a comprehensive state of the art to researchers and graduate students in early language learning, second language acquisition and early years pedagogy.

This book demonstrates the importance of raising multilingual children in the UK, both for the children’s own benefit and for the benefit of society as a whole. Against the backdrop of both the rich linguistic diversity already present in the UK and the challenges faced by any languages other than a few major European languages to find any space in educational contexts, the author challenges the myth that multilingualism hinders English language acquisition and use, instead emphasising the cultural and cognitive advantages of multilingual education and support for home and community languages. The book is a call to action for educators, policymakers and parents, combining practical strategies with research-based insights to support its readers in advocating for multilingual education. It presents a hopeful vision for education in the UK, where teachers can combine technological innovations and the linguistic resources of their classrooms and communities to support and promote multilingualism.

This book is the first volume devoted to mindset theory and practice in language education, offering interdisciplinary investigations into the motivation, competencies, emotions and wellbeing of language learners and teachers. Presenting studies from a vast array of language learning environments, the chapters explore topics such as students' attitudes and motivation surrounding language learning, the effects of mindset on vocabulary acquisition, the mindsets of early career teachers and experienced language teachers, interventions on students' mindsets and interventions that strengthen language teachers' growth mindsets. The findings presented in this book will be of great interest to instructors and researchers alike and present essential developments for the field of applied linguistics and psychology of language learning and teaching. The book will be invaluable in improving the quality of the language learning experience for teachers and students in various academic environments.

This book synthesises research on very early language learning in pre-primary organised instruction settings such as kindergarten, nursery or afternoon classes. Using a framework of ecological development, it investigates the nested systems in which very young learners operate, the other agents involved in each of these systems and the influence these agents have on children’s foreign language learning. It explores the ecosystems of the individual learner and their family, educational institutions, general social climate and language education policies, resulting in a holistic view of early language learning and the key transitions into and out of pre-primary formal instruction settings. This is the first book to gather research to date on very young learners in formal settings, offering a comprehensive state of the art to researchers and graduate students in early language learning, second language acquisition and early years pedagogy.

This book compiles original studies investigating crosslinguistic child phonological development in typical and atypical settings, that is, protolanguage phonology. The chapters address topics and issues not widely or exhaustively reported in the literature, such as research on under-represented languages and foci of interest, as well as information that has remained little-known to the field. It documents recent developments on typically developing populations, and atypical developmental speech in children with autism, developmental language disorder affecting speech, childhood apraxia of speech, phonological assessment and intervention, phonological awareness in (a)typical contexts affecting literacy, and motor speech analysis in speech sound disorders. The book will be of interest to linguists and academic researchers, as well as postgraduate students who are investigating child language acquisition in monolingual settings.

This book presents the latest research on the role of strategy use and development in second and foreign language teaching and learning. It comprises a wide selection of studies which cover topics such as strategic training of young EFL learners, promoting critical thinking through video gaming, language learning strategies for languages other than English, and the contribution of language learning strategies to the development of the four language learning skills. It will equip scholars and practitioners with the knowledge to help them better appreciate how language learning strategies contribute to and are linked with language learning processes. The contributing authors share research from their various contexts, which range from primary to tertiary education, and discuss the need for fine-tuned strategy categorization, conscious self-regulation and proposed strategy instruction.

This book demonstrates the importance of raising multilingual children in the UK, both for the children’s own benefit and for the benefit of society as a whole. Against the backdrop of both the rich linguistic diversity already present in the UK and the challenges faced by any languages other than a few major European languages to find any space in educational contexts, the author challenges the myth that multilingualism hinders English language acquisition and use, instead emphasising the cultural and cognitive advantages of multilingual education and support for home and community languages. The book is a call to action for educators, policymakers and parents, combining practical strategies with research-based insights to support its readers in advocating for multilingual education. It presents a hopeful vision for education in the UK, where teachers can combine technological innovations and the linguistic resources of their classrooms and communities to support and promote multilingualism.

This book sheds light on the role of mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB MLE) as a means to enhance educational outcomes, creating a space for non-dominant languages alongside more dominant regional, national and international languages. It brings together a number of underlying concerns including the maintenance of non-dominant languages, the context of language policy and planning in shaping this process, the poor educational outcomes of many speakers of non-dominant languages in mainstream education programs and the economic and social importance of becoming multilingual. It focuses on the experiences of those involved in MTB MLE programs in early childhood, primary, secondary, tertiary and adult education from numerous settings in the Asia-Pacific region. This book provides readers with a detailed overview of MTB MLE, with a clear and insightful portrayal of the complex nature of policy and practice in both more accommodating and less accommodating sociopolitical environments.

This book examines the role of affective variables in the process of learning a minority language. It presents a comprehensive account of how adult learners’ attitude, motivation and identity are related to their awareness of, and commitment to, different dialects and varieties as target speech models. These issues are examined in the context of Irish, a minority language which does not have a standard spoken variety and where the vast majority of learners have no regular contact with native speakers. Using a mixed methods research approach, this study explores the relationships that exist between, on the one hand, learners’ attitudes towards the three main traditional dialects of Irish and non-traditional second language varieties, and on the other, their motivation and self-concept as second language learners.

This book shifts the focus of peacebuilding away from nation-states and international organisations to make a powerful argument that sustainable peacebuilding is the work of ordinary people. It brings together work done in Gaza, Ghana, Mexico, Morocco and Zimbabwe, alongside work with refugees in Scotland, to argue for a place for successful intercultural relations as a central aim of peacebuilding, moving beyond the more usual focus on economic development. With a particular emphasis on addressing gender-based violence and the role of women in peacebuilding, together with a central role for arts and culture as a means of resistance and social change, the chapters represent the fruit of collaborative work across geographical and cultural borders, between artists, activists and academics, bringing a wide range of disciplinary perspectives to bear on situations of violence and precarity. In a world where peace work can feel increasingly futile, this book makes a powerful case for the crucial role of local action and cultural work and play in the creation of a better future.  

The book will be open access under a CC BY ND licence.

This edited book is a collection of studies on protolanguage phonology, referring to the development of children’s autonomous linguistic systems from their first meaningful forms to complete cognitive and articulatory acquisition of language. The volume comprises chapters on child bilingual phonological development, understood as the acquisition or use of more than one linguistic code, whether actual languages, dialects, or communication modes, in an array of contexts. Such contexts include endogenous and exogenous bilingualism, heritage language, bilectalism, trilingualism, and typical and atypical use. The contributed works here will be of interest to researchers and postgraduate students investigating language acquisition in bi-/multilingual settings, as well as those working on child phonological development across a variety of languages.

This book shifts the focus of peacebuilding away from nation-states and international organisations to make a powerful argument that sustainable peacebuilding is the work of ordinary people. It brings together work done in Gaza, Ghana, Mexico, Morocco and Zimbabwe, alongside work with refugees in Scotland, to argue for a place for successful intercultural relations as a central aim of peacebuilding, moving beyond the more usual focus on economic development. With a particular emphasis on addressing gender-based violence and the role of women in peacebuilding, together with a central role for arts and culture as a means of resistance and social change, the chapters represent the fruit of collaborative work across geographical and cultural borders, between artists, activists and academics, bringing a wide range of disciplinary perspectives to bear on situations of violence and precarity. In a world where peace work can feel increasingly futile, this book makes a powerful case for the crucial role of local action and cultural work and play in the creation of a better future.  

The book will be open access under a CC BY ND licence.

This book begins with the idea that English in the multilingual university is filled with and surrounded by tensions, from the renegotiation and bending of language norms to the emotional strain of the increasing use of English. It explores how these tensions are experienced by those who find themselves in multilingual university settings outside the anglophone world and use English in their research or education. The author examines the use of English in multiple domains in Swedish universities, progressing from macro perspectives on language policies to in-depth qualitative studies of individuals. The book presents both a synthesis of recent scholarship on the use of language in multilingual universities and the author’s own empirical findings, which are situated in a theoretical framework based on the work of Mikhail Bakhtin. The book offers the reader a novel way of tracing the links between language perceptions and practices on the ground, and the forces and processes which govern these practices.

This book introduces the main concepts of pragmatics as they relate to the young English language learner classroom and research with young second language learners (YLLs). It considers the speech acts which are particularly relevant to YLLs and presents research findings on learners’ development of speech act perception and production. It provides pre- and in-service second language (L2) teachers, teacher educators and researchers with an understanding of young learners’ pragmatic development and with ideas for research-based approaches and specific classroom activities to help foster speech act development in the YLL classroom. Moving beyond the research methods traditionally employed in L2 pragmatics research, it also demonstrates how participant-centred data elicitation methods can be effective when conducting research with children. This book will appeal to researchers, advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in applied linguistics and TESOL, as well as pre- and in-service primary school L2 teachers and teacher educators.

This book examines the pedagogical and professional experiences of a transnational group of teachers from the African continent and diaspora who made the decision to live and teach English in Japan. Through a layered analytical framework, it explores how these teachers struggle to negotiate their raciolinguistic identities in contexts that may prove to be professionally supportive in some cases but marginalizing in others. The author contends that although multiculturalism and diversity within ELT in Japan may currently seem to be more prevalent, the agency that Black teachers exercise in promoting their own cultures and language varieties may be constrained depending on the characteristics of the institutions in which they teach. The issues raised in this volume will be relevant to educators, administrators, curriculum and materials developers, and researchers committed to promoting equity, racial harmony and intercultural understanding in language education.

This book explores alternative approaches to foreign language education in a context which is traditionally dominated by English-only approaches, and widely viewed as highly monolingual. It examines the grassroots classroom practices of teachers and their assistants involved in plurilingual education in the first longitudinal research of its type in the Japanese context. These practices are grounded in depictions of the practitioners’ personal and professional trajectories through explorations of their visual linguistic autobiographies. The holistic ethnography thus deepens understanding of plurilingualism in a hitherto underexplored context, and should be of interest to students and researchers of language teaching, teacher training, language policy, sociolinguistics and plurilingualism.

This book presents a sociocultural linguistic analysis of discourses of conflict, as well as an examination of how linguistic identity is embodied, negotiated and realized during a time of war. It provides new insights regarding multilingualism among Ukrainians in Ukraine and in the diaspora of New Zealand, the US and Canada, and sheds light on the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on language attitudes among Ukrainians around the world. Crucially, it features an analysis of a new movement in Ukraine that developed during the course of the war – ‘changing your mother tongue’, which embodies what it is to renegotiate linguistic identity. It will be of value to researchers, faculty, and students in the areas of linguistics, Slavic studies, history, politics, anthropology, sociology and international affairs, as well as those interested in Ukrainian affairs more generally.

This book is open access under a CC BY NC ND licence.

Completing a thesis is a crucial final stage in many bachelor’s and master’s programmes across Europe and beyond. However, the process of thesis writing, how it is experienced by the writers, and how those experiences impact on writing remain underexplored. This book examines the student experience of thesis writing through an interdisciplinary perspective drawing on theories of learning, emotions, and genre and narrative/discursive analysis. As a result of this approach, the thesis is reconceptualised as a multilayered experience from the point of view of student writers. The chapters, which arose out of a collaborative research project across 10 European countries, employ an innovative combination of methods including the use of journey plots to provide a complex picture of the thesis writing process, which will be of interest to readers involved in academic writing at all levels.

This book introduces the main concepts of pragmatics as they relate to the young English language learner classroom and research with young second language learners (YLLs). It considers the speech acts which are particularly relevant to YLLs and presents research findings on learners’ development of speech act perception and production. It provides pre- and in-service second language (L2) teachers, teacher educators and researchers with an understanding of young learners’ pragmatic development and with ideas for research-based approaches and specific classroom activities to help foster speech act development in the YLL classroom. Moving beyond the research methods traditionally employed in L2 pragmatics research, it also demonstrates how participant-centred data elicitation methods can be effective when conducting research with children. This book will appeal to researchers, advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in applied linguistics and TESOL, as well as pre- and in-service primary school L2 teachers and teacher educators.

This book explores the interplay between English for specific purposes (ESP) and English-medium instruction (EMI), the complementary ways in which EMI and ESP are implemented in different contexts, as well as teaching and assessing challenges. Furthermore, it considers teaching practices used by ESP professionals and the kind of support given to EMI through ESP. The book makes a valuable contribution to the growing body of research around EMI and ESP by offering a combined study of the presence, practices, roles and impact of English in EMI and ESP in internationalised universities. Looking at the interplay between these two types of instruction, this volume provides an opportunity for researchers and practitioners to explore how universities can (1) benefit from ESP and EMI to enhance international skills among lecturers and students in an inclusive way, (2) examine the impact of ESP and EMI on the internationalisation of Higher Education institutions, and (3) assess the outcomes that result from institutionally bundling ESP and EMI as complementary internationalisation actions in a sustainable manner. 

This book brings together current research on the impact of affective factors on learning in English-medium instruction (EMI), exploring both student and teacher perspectives. With the number of EMI programs rapidly increasing around the world, it offers a timely investigation into the affective dimension in these settings to provide a better understanding of how programs can be streamlined and enhanced. The chapters cover topics such as learner motivation, anxiety, emotions, willingness to communicate, teacher motivation and teacher beliefs. They offer new insights into the field with data from Anglophone and non-Anglophone countries, monolingual and multilingual territories as well as migration contexts. Each chapter concludes with recommendations for both language and content teachers in higher education settings. This book will be of interest to researchers working in the fields of applied linguistics, bilingual education, multilingualism and language teaching as well as teacher trainers and adult education instructors seeking to expand their knowledge on the affective dimension.

This book brings together current research on the impact of affective factors on learning in English-medium instruction (EMI), exploring both student and teacher perspectives. With the number of EMI programs rapidly increasing around the world, it offers a timely investigation into the affective dimension in these settings to provide a better understanding of how programs can be streamlined and enhanced. The chapters cover topics such as learner motivation, anxiety, emotions, willingness to communicate, teacher motivation and teacher beliefs. They offer new insights into the field with data from Anglophone and non-Anglophone countries, monolingual and multilingual territories as well as migration contexts. Each chapter concludes with recommendations for both language and content teachers in higher education settings. This book will be of interest to researchers working in the fields of applied linguistics, bilingual education, multilingualism and language teaching as well as teacher trainers and adult education instructors seeking to expand their knowledge on the affective dimension.

This book highlights the roles of several individual difference (ID) variables on the language learning process, exploring them from both the students’ and the teachers’ perspectives. It presents the results of a large-scale, mixed-methods investigation which was conducted with secondary school pupils and their teachers in Hungary. The quantitative questionnaire data is used to analyze the English language learners’ motivation, autonomy and self-efficacy beliefs, and to examine the relationships between these and a wide range of positive and negative emotions. The qualitative data, consisting of interviews with teachers, gives voice not only to an understanding of student-related ID variables but also to teachers’ reflections on their own cognitive, affective and behavioral processes. Taken together, the contrastive analysis of these two datasets yields interactional results that provide fresh insights into the language learning process and practical classroom applications.

This book highlights the roles of several individual difference (ID) variables on the language learning process, exploring them from both the students’ and the teachers’ perspectives. It presents the results of a large-scale, mixed-methods investigation which was conducted with secondary school pupils and their teachers in Hungary. The quantitative questionnaire data is used to analyze the English language learners’ motivation, autonomy and self-efficacy beliefs, and to examine the relationships between these and a wide range of positive and negative emotions. The qualitative data, consisting of interviews with teachers, gives voice not only to an understanding of student-related ID variables but also to teachers’ reflections on their own cognitive, affective and behavioral processes. Taken together, the contrastive analysis of these two datasets yields interactional results that provide fresh insights into the language learning process and practical classroom applications.

Over the past six decades, the field of teaching modern foreign languages to young learners has come a long way, from the early surmises about the advantages of a young start to today’s widespread integration of foreign languages into curricula in public and private schools. The chapters in this book bring together internationally renowned researchers who have been vocal in establishing early language teaching and learning as an independent area of research and novice voices who represent a new generation of devoted researchers to present a state-of-the-art volume on the topic. The authors address key questions about young learner second/foreign language (L2/FL) development, methodological issues when conducting research with young learners, L2/FL teaching pedagogy, language education policy, technology enhanced learning and assessment. Together, the chapters capture the reality of early FL development in the context of a globalized world and will be of great interest to researchers and postgraduate students of SLA and Applied Linguistics, specifically in the field of early language development and teaching languages to young learners.

This book fosters an awareness of multilingualism as lived or as subjectively experienced from the perspective of those involved in language education and teacher education. Responding to multilingual and visual turns, it widens the repertoire of methodologies dominating the field of language teacher education, from linguistic or verbal to visual. The chapters, written by practising language teachers and teacher educators, explore aspects of multilingualism accessed through visual means in a wide range of contexts. Using social justice as a transformative framework, they highlight the biases, inequalities and linguistic hierarchies within schools and teacher education, and promote respect for linguistic plurality and cultural diversity in these settings. They illustrate how visual methods can be used to reconstruct histories of individual multilingualism, identify present language ideologies and support teachers’ professional development by means of envisioning the future self in action. This book will be of interest to those involved in language education and language teacher education, including researchers, practising language teachers, student or trainee teachers and teacher educators.

This book is Open Access under a CC BY NC ND license.

This is the first edited volume to bring together research on the interaction between language teacher identity and wellbeing. It addresses the need for further research on the experience of language teachers and the vulnerability and resilience they demonstrate in the face of threats to their wellbeing. Naming, describing and analyzing issues with a view to sensitively addressing them, this book contributes to research as a social enterprise which can raise public consciousness of these issues. Exploring how language teacher identity influences and is influenced by wellbeing, the chapters develop a theoretical and empirical understanding of this interaction using Indigenous, psychological, critical and postmodern frameworks and the personal perspectives of teachers and researchers. Spanning a wide range of cultural and institutional contexts, this book provides a wealth of insights for teacher learners, practicing teachers and researchers.

This is the first edited volume to bring together research on the interaction between language teacher identity and wellbeing. It addresses the need for further research on the experience of language teachers and the vulnerability and resilience they demonstrate in the face of threats to their wellbeing. Naming, describing and analyzing issues with a view to sensitively addressing them, this book contributes to research as a social enterprise which can raise public consciousness of these issues. Exploring how language teacher identity influences and is influenced by wellbeing, the chapters develop a theoretical and empirical understanding of this interaction using Indigenous, psychological, critical and postmodern frameworks and the personal perspectives of teachers and researchers. Spanning a wide range of cultural and institutional contexts, this book provides a wealth of insights for teacher learners, practicing teachers and researchers.

Provides a much-needed exploration of professional development for teachers working with content and language.

This book fills a large gap in our understanding of how to prepare teachers for the challenging but increasingly popular task of integrating content and language instruction. It brings together findings on content-based teacher education from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North America in order to inform researchers and teacher educators and enable them to play a critical role in the continued success of such programs.

It offers a solid grounding in theories and applications of content-based approaches with empirical studies investigating teacher identity, materials design, use of cognitive discourse functions and best practices for teacher education. Responding to the growing popularity of content-based programs and the shortage of qualified teachers for these contexts, this book promotes teacher-researcher collaboration and provides support for trainee teachers, in-service teachers and course leaders.

Highlights the first-person narratives of key stakeholders of the landmark Lau v. Nichols case.

This book employs a narrative policy portraiture approach to recenter the stories of the Chinese community involved in the Lau v. Nichols court case of 1974. This seminal Supreme Court case ruled that the failure to provide adequate and accessible instruction to approximately 1800 students of Chinese ancestry denied them the opportunity to participate in public education and constituted a discrimination on the basis of national origin.

While much has been written on language education policy changes for emergent bilinguals in the US, the perspectives of the key actors involved in the case are rarely heard. This book brings Chinese and Chinese American voices to the forefront, placing the participants within the retrospective social context as they reach their own conclusions about the process and outcomes of the case. It draws upon research in language policy and Asian American studies and invites readers to imagine the social futures and possibilities for what Lau v. Nichols means for the 21st century and beyond.

The volume fills a significant gap in narration, representation and retrospective research and will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in Asian American studies, bilingual education, educational policy and leadership, as well as teachers, school administrators and policymakers.

This book explains both the theory and practice of e-Portfolio pedagogy and assessment in second and foreign language classroom contexts. The author addresses how e-Portfolios can help instructors make the most of the challenges and opportunities by the continuation of online and blended classrooms in post-pandemic education, and how students might be encouraged to capitalise on their social media literacy to fully engage with e-Portfolios. In addition to providing new insights for scholars of language pedagogy, the book equips language teachers with the practical knowledge and skills they need to use the e-Portfolio approach in their classrooms. It offers a balance between theory, research and the practice of an e-Portfolio approach, which will inform effective second language instruction and assessment as well as enhance key stakeholders’ language assessment literacy.

A systematic and critical exploration of the history of EAP from its birth until the present day.

Since its inception in the 1960s, the field of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) has enjoyed a period of almost continual expansion and growth and now represents a multi-million dollar industry worldwide. This book provides readers with a critical and comprehensive overview of EAP’s birth, its historical development and its ongoing trajectory, incorporating along the way the views of individuals who have played key roles in the field.

It examines a wide range of crucial topics in EAP, including pedagogy, materials and assessment and the role of EAP and those who teach it within the academy. The book concludes with a glimpse into the future as the author discusses the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities currently facing EAP and also evaluates some of the threats posed by issues such as privatisation and generative AI.

This book asks what it takes for people to encounter one another ethically when practices, worldviews and imaginations clash. It engages over 40 contributors across geographies, disciplines, art forms and practices in a conversation that touches on topics ranging from the climate catastrophe to the disintegration of the welfare state and the erasure of certain bodies from public spaces. It is concerned with how these ‘big’ questions play out in ‘small’ everyday encounters in classrooms, rehearsal rooms, arts projects, charity events or city markets. The book’s polyphonic text does not present answers to its central questions in the way a typical research publication might do. Instead, it creates a flow and invites the reader to join a conversation. By refusing to deliver an argument, the book opens new possibilities for relating to others in the academy and arts.

This book is open access under a CC BY ND licence.

A systematic and critical exploration of the history of EAP from its birth until the present day.

Since its inception in the 1960s, the field of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) has enjoyed a period of almost continual expansion and growth and now represents a multi-million dollar industry worldwide. This book provides readers with a critical and comprehensive overview of EAP’s birth, its historical development and its ongoing trajectory, incorporating along the way the views of individuals who have played key roles in the field.

It examines a wide range of crucial topics in EAP, including pedagogy, materials and assessment and the role of EAP and those who teach it within the academy. The book concludes with a glimpse into the future as the author discusses the strengths, weaknesses and opportunities currently facing EAP and also evaluates some of the threats posed by issues such as privatisation and generative AI.

An exploration of the lessons, successes and challenges of starting and growing a dual language school, directly from those within the school community.

Reflecting on the first 10 years of Dos Puentes Elementary School in New York City, it explores the evolution of the school through its four founding pillars:

- bilingüismo, biliteracidad y multiculturalismo
- las familias son partners, leaders and advocates
- investigaciones and hands-on learning
- partnerships with universities, organizations y la comunidad

The chapter authors include families, teachers, school administrators and university partners, centering the voices of those directly involved in the school community and highlighting key moments in the life of the school. At the end of each chapter, researcher commentary contextualizes these experiences within the wider literature and discusses implications and next steps for the field of bilingual education.

This book will be of interest to pre- and in-service teachers and school administrators, particularly those looking to develop bilingual programs in their own context.

This book explains both the theory and practice of e-Portfolio pedagogy and assessment in second and foreign language classroom contexts. The author addresses how e-Portfolios can help instructors make the most of the challenges and opportunities by the continuation of online and blended classrooms in post-pandemic education, and how students might be encouraged to capitalise on their social media literacy to fully engage with e-Portfolios. In addition to providing new insights for scholars of language pedagogy, the book equips language teachers with the practical knowledge and skills they need to use the e-Portfolio approach in their classrooms. It offers a balance between theory, research and the practice of an e-Portfolio approach, which will inform effective second language instruction and assessment as well as enhance key stakeholders’ language assessment literacy.

This book argues for a view of study abroad as emergent of, and negotiated through, tensions between localised and globalised imaginaries of language, identity and place. By examining the experiences of a group of Japanese high school students during, and after, a year embedded in families and schools abroad in countries across Europe, Asia and North and South America, it provides the first in-depth exploration of the role of mobile communications technology in study abroad. This includes its facilitation of strategic language learning, host community participation and the construction of multilingual identities. The student accounts covered in this book explore a number of other critical issues in contemporary study abroad, including translanguaging practices, racialised identities, the role of the host family and the status of English as a lingua franca in multilingual environments. The results demonstrate the importance of understanding study abroad and related language learning as intersecting with global flows of people and information.

This book argues for a view of study abroad as emergent of, and negotiated through, tensions between localised and globalised imaginaries of language, identity and place. By examining the experiences of a group of Japanese high school students during, and after, a year embedded in families and schools abroad in countries across Europe, Asia and North and South America, it provides the first in-depth exploration of the role of mobile communications technology in study abroad. This includes its facilitation of strategic language learning, host community participation and the construction of multilingual identities. The student accounts covered in this book explore a number of other critical issues in contemporary study abroad, including translanguaging practices, racialised identities, the role of the host family and the status of English as a lingua franca in multilingual environments. The results demonstrate the importance of understanding study abroad and related language learning as intersecting with global flows of people and information.

This volume investigates the ways in which Q methodology can uncover and foreground new perspectives and contribute to language education and language policy research. It demonstrates the flexibility of this research methodology in addressing dynamic and complex language issues across a variety of educational topics and geographical contexts. The chapter authors use Q methodology to explore topics such as identity, motivation, cognition, emotion, pre-service and in-service teacher beliefs and to evaluate language programmes, curricula and policies. These contributions highlight Q methodology’s potential to inform theoretical developments by revealing fresh perspectives on contemporary issues and generating new hypotheses. They foster further Q methodology research, demonstrating how it can contribute to a science of subjectivity and allow researchers to value the perspectives of all stakeholders for more inclusive research. This book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in language education and language policy research and those in the broader field of social sciences looking to expand their knowledge of the methodology and how it can be used to study contemporary, dynamic and complex issues.

This edited volume focuses on the experiences of individuals learning languages other than English (LOTEs) in a range of Asian contexts that have traditionally been under-represented in the literature. Aligning with the 'multilingual turn' in SLA, it views learners as individuals of a multilingual society with unique, complex, heterogenous and dynamic identities. The chapters explore the learners’ motivational trajectories, multilingual identities and their conceptualisations of the 'ideal multilingual self'. This volume enhances our critical understanding of language learning motivation through empirical findings and conceptual insights from studies of motivation in specific regions in Asia, including Greater China, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Pakistan and Syria. Providing insight into the multilingual identities of individuals learning LOTEs, it will appeal to students and scholars in second language acquisition, researchers in language learning motivation and policymakers in language education.

This edited volume focuses on the experiences of individuals learning languages other than English (LOTEs) in a range of Asian contexts that have traditionally been under-represented in the literature. Aligning with the 'multilingual turn' in SLA, it views learners as individuals of a multilingual society with unique, complex, heterogenous and dynamic identities. The chapters explore the learners’ motivational trajectories, multilingual identities and their conceptualisations of the 'ideal multilingual self'. This volume enhances our critical understanding of language learning motivation through empirical findings and conceptual insights from studies of motivation in specific regions in Asia, including Greater China, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Pakistan and Syria. Providing insight into the multilingual identities of individuals learning LOTEs, it will appeal to students and scholars in second language acquisition, researchers in language learning motivation and policymakers in language education.

This book seeks to disrupt the narrative about the process of academic writing and the written products which are currently valued in the university by juxtaposing the messiness and deletions of the writing process with the hegemonic imaginary of what research writing should look like. The author uses writing as both a subject and a method of enquiry in an ethnographic deep dive into her long-term engagement with a postgraduate writers' circle in an elite South African university. The book engages with growing global interest in the geopolitics of research writing and its relationship to patterns of epistemic privilege, drawing on current work on decolonising knowledge production. It opens a space to widen and deepen how we imagine the relationship between writing and knowledge-making.

Updated edition of key textbook exploring multilingual assessment.

This book is a comprehensive introduction to the topic of assessing students who use two or more languages in their daily life. The book provides foundational information for assessing multilingual learners (MLs) in schools, with an emphasis on school language and content. Major assessment ideas are viewed through a framework called PUMI (Purpose, Use, Method and Instrument) to help readers focus on important assessment principles, leading to better quality assessments for MLs.

This is a substantially revised and updated second edition of The Assessment of Emergent Bilinguals. Updates in this edition include a greater focus on multilingual assessment and assessment in language contexts in addition to English/Spanish. This edition addresses both the current politics of multilingual assessment and recent theoretical developments, including an expanded exploration of translanguaging in assessment contexts. This edition aims to be more practical than the first edition, with more examples of assessments and rubrics, and a greater emphasis on using assessment results in formative ways. 

A unique collection honoring Guadalupe Valdés’ impact in the fields of bilingualism, language teaching and equity and access in education.

This book honors the impactful contributions of Guadalupe Valdés toward equity in multilingual schools and communities. As one of the first language education scholars to examine the vibrant language practices of bilingual users in the US Southwest, her work marked a departure from traditional foreign language approaches and sparked a movement focused on valuing heritage languages and creating more equitable educational systems for young people from linguistically minoritized backgrounds.

Influenced by the work of Professor Valdés, the contributors to this book draw on multiple aspects of her research to look at new ways of addressing equity and social justice for multilingual users in schools and communities.

Chapters focus on three major areas of her work: the nature of languages and literacies in multilingual contexts, language development in classrooms and communities, and equity and access. At the end of each section, short interludes describe contributors’ personal experiences of learning from and with Professor Valdés, providing insight into the practices of mentorship and professional development within the field.

This volume will appeal to students and researchers across bilingualism, applied linguistics and education, offering an overview of developments in these fields and directions for future research on equity in multilingual educational settings.

This book seeks to disrupt the narrative about the process of academic writing and the written products which are currently valued in the university by juxtaposing the messiness and deletions of the writing process with the hegemonic imaginary of what research writing should look like. The author uses writing as both a subject and a method of enquiry in an ethnographic deep dive into her long-term engagement with a postgraduate writers' circle in an elite South African university. The book engages with growing global interest in the geopolitics of research writing and its relationship to patterns of epistemic privilege, drawing on current work on decolonising knowledge production. It opens a space to widen and deepen how we imagine the relationship between writing and knowledge-making.

A unique focus on the issue of agency in minority language revitalisation in Europe.

This book addresses the question of agency in the revitalisation of minoritised languages in Europe, with each chapter presenting an ethnographic account of how language policy operates in a specific linguistic context. The chapters investigate how grassroots actors shape revitalisation, and how individuals and groups negotiate historical factors, motivations, and institutionalised initiatives and policies in a variety of efforts.

Between them the chapters address both contexts where social actors have gained and exerted agency in their revitalisation efforts, and contexts where issues of authority, authenticity and lack of engagement plague efforts; these chapters provide insights into how social actors work within and against social conventions and strictures.

This book is available Open Access under a CC BY ND License.

This book tells the stories of 15 world language (WL) teachers in the United States at elementary and secondary levels through rich descriptions of their lived worlds and experiences. In-depth interviews, extensive observations, learner interviews, and document and environment analysis illustrate in detail how teacher beliefs relate to their practices and are mediated and moderated by their learners, institutional demands, equity and access to WL education and other factors. The chapters provide a deep and robust explanation of individual teachers’ teaching lives and a cross-contextual comparison of their experiences, shining a light on the realities and demands of modern US schools. Grounded in the research literature on language teacher beliefs and cognition, this book takes the stance that all teaching is situated and contextual, and that addressing teachers' methods, practices and knowledges in ways that are divorced from their setting and environment has serious limitations. It offers fascinating insights for researchers, language educators and pre- and in-service teachers, with reflection questions at the end of each chapter to guide readers in drawing connections with their own practice, interests and contexts.

This book is the first to focus specifically on born-digital texts in EFL teaching, uniting international and innovative scholarship with practical classroom applications. The book develops a theoretically sound framework for curriculum, materials and methods design that takes into account the growing ubiquity of born-digital texts in the digital age. It covers a broad variety of born-digital text types (including those generated by AI) which so far have not been an explicit focus in the context of language teaching, while also providing a grounding in current discussions around digital tools in education. The chapters cover a wide range of issues from methodological approaches to born-digital texts to curriculum, syllabus and materials design. The book will be a valuable introduction to the subject for trainee and practising teachers, as well as teacher educators and students on EFL courses.

Chapter 7 is free to download as an open access publication under a CC BY licence and is available here: https://zenodo.org/records/11174197.

This book is the first to focus specifically on born-digital texts in EFL teaching, uniting international and innovative scholarship with practical classroom applications. The book develops a theoretically sound framework for curriculum, materials and methods design that takes into account the growing ubiquity of born-digital texts in the digital age. It covers a broad variety of born-digital text types (including those generated by AI) which so far have not been an explicit focus in the context of language teaching, while also providing a grounding in current discussions around digital tools in education. The chapters cover a wide range of issues from methodological approaches to born-digital texts to curriculum, syllabus and materials design. The book will be a valuable introduction to the subject for trainee and practising teachers, as well as teacher educators and students on EFL courses.

Chapter 7 is free to download as an open access publication under a CC BY licence and is available here: https://zenodo.org/records/11174197.

Showcases the power of conversation analysis as a methodology to tackle issues of social (in)justice and (in)equity.

This book presents the first collection of conversation analytic studies addressed exclusively to issues of inequality and injustice. It offers a broad depiction of how inequality and injustice are reproduced, resisted and transformed in our daily life; together the chapters produce a forensic analysis of how participants enact discriminatory ideologies, negotiate systemic power imbalances, and pursue social change in and through the nuances of their interactions.

The authors draw on audio and video recordings of interaction in a wide range of social settings, ranging from classrooms to family dinners, and political town halls to television sitcoms. The book demonstrates the power of conversation analysis to tackle issues of social (in)justice and (in)equality and launches critical conversation analysis as a distinct empirical program dedicated to systematically investigating and promoting inclusion and equity in the minute details of everyday interaction.

Against the backdrop of social media and internet use and their impact on communication, those working with minority (or autochthonous) heritage languages, including teachers, language activists and planners and researchers, are reassessing the media, language policy and teaching practices which they had previously applied to stem the tide of language shift towards majority languages. The languages examined in this book are still spoken by a considerable number of speakers and enjoy varying and varied forms of institutional, legal, financial and ideological support. While their overall numbers of speakers are declining, their importance for identity construction and commodification processes continues to increase. This book addresses issues including the potential for a shift from a focus on oral to written practices; the rise of new communities of practice and communicative domains; and the need for resulting shifts in language policy and teaching methods.

This book investigates the connections between evaluative judgements on language and the larger social, cultural, and political issues that shed light on the practice of prescriptivism. The chapters cover three main areas: language, which represents the traditional roots of the study of linguistic norms in authoritative (historical) manuals and judgemental attitudes to language usage; literary and scripted texts, which illustrates the enregisterment of the values of linguistic prescriptivism as a social and cultural phenomenon; and speech communities, which reflects the growth in scope of the field to consider geographical contexts beyond mainstream British and American English to include varieties of English and other languages worldwide. The book also discusses recent theoretical and methodological advances in the study of prescriptivism.

This book explores how EFL writing teacher education is theoretically, pedagogically, methodologically and sociopolitically shaped, given teachers’ unique local contexts and circumstances. It showcases practitioners and researchers teaching in, or studying, geographic areas that have as yet been under-represented in international publications, and it focuses on ways that specific contexts create unique opportunities and constraints on what developing teachers know and do in their work. The chapters prioritize local voices and materials to build a more inclusive and comprehensive picture of L2 writing globally, enabling the book as a whole to both document and further shape pedagogical approaches to L2 writing. Readers will be able to use the unique insights contained in this book in their own classrooms and professional development activities.

This book traces and summarizes the author’s theoretical insights and empirical findings in the field of foreign language education. The volume explores themes such as individual differences in L1 ability and their connection to L2 aptitude and L2 achievement, L2 anxiety as an affective or cognitive variable, and the relationship between L1 and L2 reading. The book includes the author’s previously published works, presented together with newly written commentaries on those topics, as well as commentaries on new empirical work. It will be of interest to students and researchers in SLA, educational practitioners and language policymakers.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of research in applied linguistics involving the intersection of digital multimodal composing (DMC) and second language (L2) writing. It presents a theoretically and methodologically diverse introduction to key theories and scholarship supporting DMC’s use, along with practical pedagogical tips and tools for adopting DMC in the L2 writing classroom. This text is the first of its kind to distil current research in the area, including chapters that address research on students’ DMC writing processes, evidence of DMC’s impact on L2 learning, students’ and teachers’ perceptions and how DMC affects various individual differences such as motivation, metacognition and identity development. This book serves as a useful resource for both graduate students and faculty in applied linguistics and related fields who are researchers, teacher trainers or language instructors. It is particularly relevant for those working in subfields such as second language acquisition, computer-assisted language learning and L2 writing.

This book explores how EFL writing teacher education is theoretically, pedagogically, methodologically and sociopolitically shaped, given teachers’ unique local contexts and circumstances. It showcases practitioners and researchers teaching in, or studying, geographic areas that have as yet been under-represented in international publications, and it focuses on ways that specific contexts create unique opportunities and constraints on what developing teachers know and do in their work. The chapters prioritize local voices and materials to build a more inclusive and comprehensive picture of L2 writing globally, enabling the book as a whole to both document and further shape pedagogical approaches to L2 writing. Readers will be able to use the unique insights contained in this book in their own classrooms and professional development activities.

This book gives an overview of the linguistic development of Korean-English bilingual children living in the US. It provides a detailed longitudinal account of English and Korean acquisition in early childhood, offering a close examination of Korean-American children’s code-switching and morphology and syntax development during a time when their language dominance is shifting rapidly. The book sheds light on the broad and creative linguistic capabilities of bilingual children, expands our understanding of heritage language acquisition and furthers bilingualism research on typologically distinct language pairings. Researchers investigating heritage language development in early childhood will find the extensive longitudinal data a rich source of comparison and the book will be a useful resource for scholars and graduate students interested in sequential bilingualism, second language acquisition and heritage speakers.

This book gives an overview of the linguistic development of Korean-English bilingual children living in the US. It provides a detailed longitudinal account of English and Korean acquisition in early childhood, offering a close examination of Korean-American children’s code-switching and morphology and syntax development during a time when their language dominance is shifting rapidly. The book sheds light on the broad and creative linguistic capabilities of bilingual children, expands our understanding of heritage language acquisition and furthers bilingualism research on typologically distinct language pairings. Researchers investigating heritage language development in early childhood will find the extensive longitudinal data a rich source of comparison and the book will be a useful resource for scholars and graduate students interested in sequential bilingualism, second language acquisition and heritage speakers.

Taking a psycholinguistic perspective, this book investigates how second language (L2) learners’ pragmatic abilities in English can be measured. It complements and extends earlier work on the testing of implicit and explicit grammar. The authors present a set of tests they developed using both well-established methods of measuring pragmatic knowledge (e.g. a Metapragmatic Knowledge Test and role plays) and more original tests (e.g. an Irony Test and an Elicited Imitation Test). They explain the development of the tests and report the results of their work with native speakers of English and Chinese and Japanese L2 learners. A confirmatory factor analysis lends support to the theoretical basis of the tests. The authors also report studies that explored the use of the tests to investigate L2 linguistic proficiency, study abroad and formal instruction. In concluding, they consider the strengths and limitations of the tests and propose some directions for future research.

Taking a psycholinguistic perspective, this book investigates how second language (L2) learners’ pragmatic abilities in English can be measured. It complements and extends earlier work on the testing of implicit and explicit grammar. The authors present a set of tests they developed using both well-established methods of measuring pragmatic knowledge (e.g. a Metapragmatic Knowledge Test and role plays) and more original tests (e.g. an Irony Test and an Elicited Imitation Test). They explain the development of the tests and report the results of their work with native speakers of English and Chinese and Japanese L2 learners. A confirmatory factor analysis lends support to the theoretical basis of the tests. The authors also report studies that explored the use of the tests to investigate L2 linguistic proficiency, study abroad and formal instruction. In concluding, they consider the strengths and limitations of the tests and propose some directions for future research.

This volume proposes solutions to the gentrification of dual language, bilingual and immersion education by examining how it operates across diverse school and community contexts. It brings together studies in a number of areas including instruction, curriculum development, classroom interaction, school leadership, parent and community engagement, ideological discourse and language policy. Through academic and reader-friendly summaries of research, this book makes a strong theory-to-practice impact towards equitable integration in education programs and their surrounding neighborhoods. It draws attention to how understanding and responding to gentrification of language programs is part of the broader fight for racial and educational justice for immigrant communities in US schools, and offers practical recommendations with action steps for educators, families, school administrators, activists and other key stakeholders in language education.

The four stakeholder resource chapters in Part 2 have been made Open Access under a CC BY NC ND licence to allow all teachers and administrators to benefit from the research, with freely available practical guidance on working towards equity in language education. 

To access the chapters please see the following links:

Chapter 11: Ivana Espinet, Kate Menken and Imee Hernandez: Nice-White-Parent Gentrification of a New York City Middle School: The French Dual Language Program at the School for International Studies
https://zenodo.org/records/10519199
Chapter 12: Nelson Flores: Nice White Parents and Dual Language Education
https://zenodo.org/records/10519269
Chapter 13: Deb Palmer, Emily Crawford-Rossi, Lisa Dorner, Claudia G. Cervantes-Soon and Dan Heiman: Countering Gentrification through Critical Consciousness: Recommendations and Success Stories for DLBE Educators
https://zenodo.org/records/10519319
Chapter 14: Katie A. Bernstein, Kathryn I. Henderson, Sofía Chaparro and Adriana Alvarez: Creating DLBE Programs that Center Equity in the Face of School Choice Policies
https://zenodo.org/records/10519390

This book presents a validated observation instrument to support and further develop the pedagogic expertise of teachers of English Learners in US schools. Based on sociocultural and second language teaching and learning theories, the Observation Protocol for Academic Literacies (OPAL) has a variety of uses across teacher preparation programs, pre-K-12 classroom contexts and school districts. This book leads the reader through the process of using OPAL with real classroom observations in the form of vignettes, in order to develop confidence and reliability scoring evidence in research-based practices. The book provides examples of its non-evaluative uses to conduct research, support teachers and identify areas of strength and weakness in their professional development. It also offers researchers and policymakers a tool for collecting classroom-based evidence to inform the implementation and refinement of English Learner programs.

In this book dialogue is used as a research, knowledge-sharing and community-building tool in which participants engage with each other in reflecting upon the perspectives of self and others: challenging, complementing and contradicting each other as critical peers. The book aims to be an enactment of sociological reimagination, as a way to reimagine public conversations that inspire criticality, innovation and multimodality around the intersection of identity (self), language (mediating mechanism) and power (sociocultural domain). Each chapter illustrates the use of dialogue as a participatory research tool as a way in which the sharing of knowledge and the growth of understanding occurs through meaning- and strategy-making processes. Together they present dialogue as an integrative model of self-inquiry and social activism and provide a valuable standpoint to understand the participatory nature of our very effort to question and investigate our sense of self in the world.

This book explores the transnational practices of migrant groups in global London, illustrating the complex relations between migrants and the city in the context of globalisation. The chapters offer a starting point to examine migrants and the city from a comparative perspective by bringing together case studies of diverse migrant communities. They use ‘languaging’ as the central concept in the development of an interdisciplinary framework that creates an opportunity to ‘talk across disciplines’ to engage with key issues crisscrossing migration, cities and language. The book promotes ‘language-based’ or ‘language-sensitive’ research, drawing on the plurilingual repertoires and the language and translanguaging practices of migrant communities as the tool for data collection and ethnographic fieldwork. This approach generates fresh insights into the complex issues of diasporic identities, belonging and place-making, which have broad implications for migration studies in post-Brexit Britain and beyond.

This book explores the transnational practices of migrant groups in global London, illustrating the complex relations between migrants and the city in the context of globalisation. The chapters offer a starting point to examine migrants and the city from a comparative perspective by bringing together case studies of diverse migrant communities. They use ‘languaging’ as the central concept in the development of an interdisciplinary framework that creates an opportunity to ‘talk across disciplines’ to engage with key issues crisscrossing migration, cities and language. The book promotes ‘language-based’ or ‘language-sensitive’ research, drawing on the plurilingual repertoires and the language and translanguaging practices of migrant communities as the tool for data collection and ethnographic fieldwork. This approach generates fresh insights into the complex issues of diasporic identities, belonging and place-making, which have broad implications for migration studies in post-Brexit Britain and beyond.

This book brings together 11 prominent scholars and political activists to discuss and explore issues around postcolonialism, decoloniality, Theories of the South and Epistemologies of the South.  These wide-ranging discussions touch upon issues from academic research methods and writing conventions to global struggles for justice. Together the chapters, as well as the interventions from forum participants which are characteristic of this series, paint a complex and dynamic picture of areas of thought and action that are constantly evolving in response to the demands of a world in flux. The book is a major intervention in current debates about the geopolitics of knowledge, as well as an illustration of the ways in which scholarship in the Global North(s) is indebted to the diverse traditions of scholarship in the Global South(s).

This book explores the ways in which transcultural pedagogies can support learning and literacies in critical, creative and socially just ways, highlighting research initiatives from across the globe. Each chapter provides a different and innovative perspective with respect to reimagining language and literacy pedagogies in conjunction with students’ diverse literacies and resources. Presenting a collection of classroom and community-based research, the book addresses the intersections of plurilingualism, identity and transcultural awareness in various contexts, including schools, universities, as well as local and Indigenous communities. These settings have been deliberately chosen to profile the range of research in the field, showcasing transcultural, plurilingual, translanguaging and community-engaged pedagogies, among others.

In this book dialogue is used as a research, knowledge-sharing and community-building tool in which participants engage with each other in reflecting upon the perspectives of self and others: challenging, complementing and contradicting each other as critical peers. The book aims to be an enactment of sociological reimagination, as a way to reimagine public conversations that inspire criticality, innovation and multimodality around the intersection of identity (self), language (mediating mechanism) and power (sociocultural domain). Each chapter illustrates the use of dialogue as a participatory research tool as a way in which the sharing of knowledge and the growth of understanding occurs through meaning- and strategy-making processes. Together they present dialogue as an integrative model of self-inquiry and social activism and provide a valuable standpoint to understand the participatory nature of our very effort to question and investigate our sense of self in the world.

This book considers the past, present and future directions of innovation in US-based Intensive English Programs (IEPs), which provide international students with an immersion-style environment for learning academic English, prior to matriculating into a full-time college or university degree program. IEPs frequently serve as sites for pre-service teacher preparation, curricular experimentation and research, and yet little published work takes a critical look at the advantages and shortcomings of such programs. The chapters in this book provide a nuanced view of this microcosm of the English language teaching industry, demonstrating the various ways that IEPs have impacted and continue to influence the wider fields of Applied Linguistics and TESOL. They emphasize the unique positioning of IEPs within higher education and describe the various ways IEP practitioners can influence their host institutions and beyond.

This book explores the ways in which transcultural pedagogies can support learning and literacies in critical, creative and socially just ways, highlighting research initiatives from across the globe. Each chapter provides a different and innovative perspective with respect to reimagining language and literacy pedagogies in conjunction with students’ diverse literacies and resources. Presenting a collection of classroom and community-based research, the book addresses the intersections of plurilingualism, identity and transcultural awareness in various contexts, including schools, universities, as well as local and Indigenous communities. These settings have been deliberately chosen to profile the range of research in the field, showcasing transcultural, plurilingual, translanguaging and community-engaged pedagogies, among others.

This book brings together a collection of high-quality empirical studies which examine multiple aspects involved in the acquisition, teaching and assessment of pragmatics in Chinese as a second language (L2). The studies collectively address some of the most cutting-edge issues in the field of L2 pragmatics, such as the acquisition of key pragmatic features, methodological innovations in pragmatics assessment, individual difference factors and virtual learning contexts. The majority of the chapters include detailed descriptions of the instruments used and additional material in the appendices, making it a truly valuable collection for researchers and students alike. Furthermore, the publication includes the most comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of empirical research in L2 Chinese pragmatics published bilingually (in English and Chinese) between 1995 and 2022, along with a supplemental annotated bibliography. While the empirical studies all focus on Chinese as the target language, the issues they address have implications for L2 pragmatics research in general and this book will appeal to those interested in the latest developments in the field.

Online collaboration can be a powerful means of encouraging language learners to make connections between their local community and people from other cultural backgrounds. In doing so, learners develop their language skills while exploring different attitudes, values and beliefs. The authors of this book draw on 20 years of participation in numerous online intercultural exchanges to offer teachers a down-to-earth guide to finding partners, choosing a platform and designing online exchanges. They share their experience of working with learners to ensure that deep intercultural learning occurs alongside language development. This book offers strategies for mediating conflict with partners and participants, and guidance on the assessment of linguistic and intercultural competences. It is a practical resource for language teachers, informed by the latest research on language teaching and intercultural telecollaborations and situated in the reality of classrooms around the world.

Online collaboration can be a powerful means of encouraging language learners to make connections between their local community and people from other cultural backgrounds. In doing so, learners develop their language skills while exploring different attitudes, values and beliefs. The authors of this book draw on 20 years of participation in numerous online intercultural exchanges to offer teachers a down-to-earth guide to finding partners, choosing a platform and designing online exchanges. They share their experience of working with learners to ensure that deep intercultural learning occurs alongside language development. This book offers strategies for mediating conflict with partners and participants, and guidance on the assessment of linguistic and intercultural competences. It is a practical resource for language teachers, informed by the latest research on language teaching and intercultural telecollaborations and situated in the reality of classrooms around the world.

This book explores the gap between policy, practice and academic literature within language learning for refugees and argues that a multilingual approach, which combines translanguaging principles, decolonising methodology and linguistic hospitality,  provides a more accessible starting point than current monolingual pedagogies. It considers the multilingual and multilateral approach laid out within Scotland’s New Scots Refugee Integration Strategy, which recognises the importance of linguistic diversity and two-way integration. The divide between policy, practice and theory points towards the need to counteract the dominant monolingual/social cohesion narrative through suitable pedagogies which highlight linguistic diversity in a positive way. The author suggests ‘ecologising’ as an alternative language pedagogy, drawing on three key findings: the significance of decolonising, collaborative learner/teacher relationships during the liminal phase of refugee arrival; the importance of place and orientation; and an increased understanding of language and ‘languaging’.

This book explores the framework of Intercultural Citizenship within a variety of US teaching and learning contexts. The chapters, which comprise both conceptual pieces and empirical research studies, represent a wide variety of languages at levels ranging from beginner to advanced, from early elementary through higher education contexts. They urge us to look carefully at how Intercultural Citizenship enhances and expands the work of world language educators by bringing in additional focus on social justice and critical cultural awareness. The book addresses curricular issues, professional development models, language immersion, study abroad, virtual exchanges and teacher education in relation to Intercultural Citizenship. Through its focus on how Intercultural Citizenship is being enacted in a wide variety of learning contexts in the United States, and its theoretical and conceptual investigations of social justice and Intercultural Citizenship, the book will be an invaluable resource for teachers, teacher educators and researchers working on Intercultural Citizenship.

This book is intended to help language teachers to work effectively and successfully with students who have Specific Learning Differences (SpLDs). It enables teachers to gain a thorough understanding of the nature of SpLDs and how these affect both general learning processes and the mechanisms of second language acquisition. In addition, the book explores the particular inclusive methods and techniques of teaching and assessment that foster success in language learning. Language teaching is embedded in a wider social and educational context, and therefore the book also provides an in-depth discussion of general educational issues related to identifying and disclosing disabilities and to making transitions from one institution to the other.

The content has been thoroughly updated and revised for the second edition, particularly in the areas of inclusive pedagogies, new evidence-based methods and tools for identifying SpLDs, and new conceptualisations of neurodiversity. The book also includes the latest research on assessment, transition and progression, and the impact of SpLDs on additional language learning.

Language is on display all around us, all the time, and the study of this linguistic landscape is one of the fastest-growing areas of research in applied linguistics. This book provides an overview of how the field of Linguistic Landscape Studies has emerged and developed over the past 20 years, combined with an in-depth exploration of the theoretical approaches, innovative research methods and major themes that have been central to this dynamic area of research. Written by two authors who have been involved in the field from its inception, the book features summaries of studies from around the world, a discussion of the future of the field, and an analysis of the impact of linguistic landscape research on language policy, language learning and teaching, and minority language revitalization. It will be an invaluable companion for students and researchers in Linguistic Landscape Studies, as well as to those working in related areas.

The book is open access under a CC BY NC ND licence.

This book argues that Linguistics, in common with other disciplines such as Anthropology and Sociology, has been shaped by colonization. It outlines how linguistic practices may be decolonized, and the challenges which such decolonization poses to linguists working in diverse areas of Linguistics. It concludes that decolonization in Linguistics is an ongoing process with no definite end point and cannot be completely successful until universities and societies are decolonized too. In keeping with the subject matter, the book prioritizes discussion, debate and the collaborative, creative production of knowledge over individual authorship. Further, it mingles the voices of established authors from a variety of disciplines with audience comment and dialogue to produce a challenging and inspiring text that represents an important step along the path it attempts to map out.

In today’s globalised world, large-scale migration is the norm. A contributing factor to the successful settlement of migrants is the ability to access work and economic security. This book focuses on the lived experiences of migrants who (try to) access the workplace, and explores the barriers and support they encounter. The editors bring together studies which look at the ways in which inclusion and exclusion from the workplace are done linguistically from historical, discourse analytical, narrative and language assessment perspectives. The chapters represent an innovative, holistic, intersectional and multidisciplinary approach to the subject, and illustrate a wide range of analytical methods and theoretical tools for the study of multilingualism and professional identity. The rich empirical data contained in the book cover a variety of professional contexts and countries, and the book will appeal to both specialist and non-specialist audiences.

This book brings together a wide range of studies, practical applications and reflective accounts written by academics working at a university in Japan to present a cohesive overview of their collaborative efforts to promote learner reflection within their institution. The book contributes to a shift in language education towards promoting learner responsibility and ownership of their learning through developing a deeper sense of awareness of and motivation for the learning process. It makes a convincing case for showing that not only is promoting reflection possible, but it can also be effectively integrated into language learning activities with significant benefits to the learners. The chapters are highly practical for researchers and practitioners, with the research chapters containing instruments which make them ideal for replication studies. The text includes a wealth of practical tools and activities for practitioners, who will be able to experience first-hand how to facilitate student success and increase satisfaction.

This book brings together a wide range of studies, practical applications and reflective accounts written by academics working at a university in Japan to present a cohesive overview of their collaborative efforts to promote learner reflection within their institution. The book contributes to a shift in language education towards promoting learner responsibility and ownership of their learning through developing a deeper sense of awareness of and motivation for the learning process. It makes a convincing case for showing that not only is promoting reflection possible, but it can also be effectively integrated into language learning activities with significant benefits to the learners. The chapters are highly practical for researchers and practitioners, with the research chapters containing instruments which make them ideal for replication studies. The text includes a wealth of practical tools and activities for practitioners, who will be able to experience first-hand how to facilitate student success and increase satisfaction.

This book details a three-year, multi-stranded study of teacher education programs that prepare future teachers to work with multilingual learners. The book examines how racism and linguicism collaborate to shape the conditions under which teacher candidates learn how to teach. The analysis traces dynamic shifts in thinking and practice as participants reflected on their personal, professional and academic experiences in relation to formal curriculum and assessment policies to interpret what it means to work with multilingual learners in the classroom. The book offers guiding principles – above all, learning from multilingual learners, not only about them – and presents a suite of teacher-education practices to disrupt the interplay of language and race that so deeply shapes teacher-candidate learning about multilingual learners.

Language and gender are interconnected, social and relational acts through which we constantly remake our worlds. But what happens when our ways of doing gender cannot be neatly categorized into traditional binary systems, including not only the social groupings of roles, practices and identities, but also the forms and structures through which we do language? This book brings together a broad range of scholars to explore the undoing and redoing of gender binaries in non-Anglophone communities and contexts, in and through their linguistic and social reimaginings. Each of the contributions to this book reflects on this ongoing change and its place in our everyday lives, including the ways that its outcomes are both contested and fluid. This volume represents an important step in scholarship in language and gender, one that stands to inform a public increasingly aware of these remakings and one that calls on all of us to stand in the tensions of our own humanity and look through it for how our languaging might ‘do’ imaginary worlds that are more equitable, more connected, and more just for us all.

This book investigates the content of the grammar syllabus typically employed in mainstream English Language Teaching. Using a mixed-methods approach, the author examines how the syllabuses used in coursebooks are actually constructed, how they evolved and how valid their contents are as a basis for teaching. The research reported consists of a broad exploration of primary sources in order to outline the evolution of ELT pedagogical grammar; ten interviews with key ELT authors and publishing professionals, which allows for the investigation of the decision-making processes underlying the choice of grammar content in ELT teaching materials; and finally, the presentation of case studies which examine three areas of grammar, analysing the evolution of their treatment in ELT materials (both historical and contemporary) and comparing their current treatment to data on real learner use. This book contributes to the literature on syllabus design and pedagogical grammar and builds on existing research into materials design. It will be of interest to researchers and professionals working in the fields of applied linguistics, pedagogical grammar, curriculum design and materials design.

This book presents the findings of an in-depth qualitative longitudinal investigation into the willingness to communicate (WTC) of individuals who, through varying migration channels, left one cultural/linguistic context to make a new life in another. It examines communication behaviours and language choice in multilingual community contexts and emphasises how even the most trivial of communication events are embedded in histories of previous communication and are influenced by emotions connected with a person’s overall life situation.

The book fills a gap in contemporary WTC research by examining how WTC operates in multilingual community contexts. Through the use of a complexity lens and the presentation of a revised 3D pyramid model, the authors demonstrate the dynamic nature of WTC and shed new light on processes that affect communication, migration and well-being. This book will be of interest to researchers seeking to explore individual differences using context sensitive and temporally focused designs.

This book is open access under a CC BY ND licence.

This book argues for an approach to linguistic ethnography which departs from the singular gaze of the academic researcher, to amplify instead the voices of participants, researchers and collaborators. The authors offer an account of writing ethnography polyphonically, incorporating the complexity of individual voices. In doing so they challenge the imperative to make meaning from, and explain the culture of, ‘the other’. Together, the essays open up the emic perspective by considering the experiential, aesthetic, emotional, moral and ethical value people bring to encounters with others. The book is an essential addition to research methods courses in applied linguistics and sociolinguistics, and an invaluable contribution to knowledge about research-based drama, theatre and creative practice.

This book provides a detailed and comprehensive design of a new second language literacy pedagogy and the results of implementing this pedagogy in different contexts in order to demonstrate that it is possible to address some long-standing second language (L2) curriculum and literacy development challenges. The author clearly explains the theory behind Vygotskian Sociocultural Theory of Mind and Systemic Functional Linguistics and how they can inform literacy pedagogy in the form of Concept-Based Language Instruction and a Division-of-Labor Pedagogy. By presenting detailed qualitative and quantitative analyses and results of multiple forms of data, the author demonstrates the effectiveness of the pedagogy. In conjunction with background on the intricate and interdependent nature of the concepts needed for second language literacy development, and in contrast with a cognitivist approach to reading pedagogy and research, the author provides all the details necessary for teachers and researchers to appreciate both the theory and how it can be applied to their practice.

This book, which combines scholarly articles with interviews, seeks to imagine a decolonized sociolinguistics. All the chapters are firmly grounded in southern approaches to knowledge production, focusing not only on epistemology but also on the complex relationship between epistemology and ontology. The chapters address issues ranging from author positionality to the central theorists of a southern sociolinguistics, and roam from the language classroom to the church, in ways which invite us to begin to decolonize ourselves and rethink normative assumptions about everything from academic writing to research methods and language teaching. The book provides scholars and teachers with inspiration for how to teach linguistics in ways that challenge colonial hegemonies and that allow one to ‘do’ sociolinguistics otherwise. It also makes a powerful argument that debates about decolonization, southern theory and social justice are not just academic pursuits: what is at stake is our future and how we imagine it.

This book, which takes the form of a graphic novel, looks at political activism in the public landscape. It has a particular focus on the UK activist group Led By Donkeys which has, since late 2018, been running a campaign to expose hypocrisy in the political classes. Their approach to activism involves the use of large posters and other forms of public display, which highlight the gap between the rhetoric and actions of politicians, and how language and communication is used to manipulate opinion. The activism discussed in the book includes four major issues: Brexit, Trump, Covid and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The book is both an innovative visual approach to the presentation of academic research and thought, and an exploration of how the linguistic landscape can be a key resource for the communication of political activism.

In the context of increasingly multilingual global educational settings, this book provides a timely exploration of the phenomenon of cross-linguistic transfer of writing strategies (in particular, transfer from the foreign language to the first language) and presents a compelling case for a multilingual approach to writing pedagogy. The book presents evidence from a classroom-based intervention study conducted in a secondary school in England on cross-linguistic strategy transfer. It suggests that even beginner or low proficiency foreign language learners can develop effective skills and strategies in the foreign language classroom which can also positively influence writing in other languages, including their first language. This book ultimately encourages more joined-up, cross-curricular, cross-linguistic thinking related to language in schools by exploring the potential for collaboration between languages teachers.

This volume aims to capture evidence of marginalized voices in various contexts globally and show how speakers seek to reclaim their voices and challenge power relations. The chapters reveal how speakers actively confront inequities in society such as the unequal distribution of resources. Through bottom-up initiatives and conscious involvement in language use, documentation and the development of language domains, speakers can address issues of language-based marginalization, (re)establish linguistic human rights and reclaim their linguistic and cultural identity. Chapters in the volume explore commitments to democratic participation, to voice, to the heterogeneity of linguistic resources and to the political value of sociolinguistic understanding. Drawing upon the framework of linguistic citizenship, they link questions of language to sociopolitical discourses of justice, rights and equity, as well as to issues of power and access within a political and democratic framework.

This volume aims to capture evidence of marginalized voices in various contexts globally and show how speakers seek to reclaim their voices and challenge power relations. The chapters reveal how speakers actively confront inequities in society such as the unequal distribution of resources. Through bottom-up initiatives and conscious involvement in language use, documentation and the development of language domains, speakers can address issues of language-based marginalization, (re)establish linguistic human rights and reclaim their linguistic and cultural identity. Chapters in the volume explore commitments to democratic participation, to voice, to the heterogeneity of linguistic resources and to the political value of sociolinguistic understanding. Drawing upon the framework of linguistic citizenship, they link questions of language to sociopolitical discourses of justice, rights and equity, as well as to issues of power and access within a political and democratic framework.

This book presents one possible pathway towards the advancement of translanguaging pedagogies: teacher–researcher partnerships. Although the existing literature alludes to the value of such partnerships, there is a lack of research that explicitly describes the complex processes of designing and implementing translanguaging pedagogies in primary and secondary school settings (K-12) across various international contexts. Through an expanded focus on teacher–researcher collaboration and the negotiation process, the book unpacks the opportunities and challenges of engaging in contextualized translanguaging designs with reference to broader ideological discourses and systemic structures. By promoting and highlighting teacher–researcher partnerships as one avenue for improvement and transparency, the chapters in this book demonstrate the potential of translanguaging pedagogies in classrooms and further resist the linguistic hierarchies that exist in educational institutions today.

Beginning from the premise that being non-racist – and other ‘neutral’ positions – are inadequate in the face of a racist society and institutions, this book provides language educators with practical tools to implement antiracist pedagogy in their classrooms. It offers readers a solid theoretical grounding for its practical suggestions, drawing on work in critical race theory, critical sociolinguistics and language ideology to support its argument for antiracist pedagogy as a necessary form of direct action. The author contends that antiracist pedagogy is a crucial part of the project of decolonizing universities, which goes beyond tokenistic diversity initiatives and combats racism in institutions that have historically helped to perpetuate it. The author’s pedagogical suggestions are accompanied by online resources which will help the reader to adapt and develop the material in the book for their own classrooms.   

This book explores language teacher wellbeing across the career span from an ecological perspective. It reports on empirical findings from an extensive investigation into language teacher wellbeing in various social, cultural and linguistic contexts. It is unique in casting light on the professional trajectory of language teachers and opening up discussions on the characteristics, psychological needs and strengths of language teachers at different points in their careers. It examines wellbeing in terms of the dynamic interplay between the challenges individuals encounter in their personal and professional lives, and the psychological, social and contextual resources that they draw on to buffer the impact of these challenges. The findings of the study will help readers to understand how language teachers can protect and nurture their wellbeing, not only to remain in the profession, but also to thrive in the long-term. The book will be a valuable resource for anyone interested in the lives, wellbeing and psychology of language teachers in diverse contexts and career phases.

This book explores language teacher wellbeing across the career span from an ecological perspective. It reports on empirical findings from an extensive investigation into language teacher wellbeing in various social, cultural and linguistic contexts. It is unique in casting light on the professional trajectory of language teachers and opening up discussions on the characteristics, psychological needs and strengths of language teachers at different points in their careers. It examines wellbeing in terms of the dynamic interplay between the challenges individuals encounter in their personal and professional lives, and the psychological, social and contextual resources that they draw on to buffer the impact of these challenges. The findings of the study will help readers to understand how language teachers can protect and nurture their wellbeing, not only to remain in the profession, but also to thrive in the long-term. The book will be a valuable resource for anyone interested in the lives, wellbeing and psychology of language teachers in diverse contexts and career phases.

In this monograph, Anatoliy V. Kharkhurin presents the results of his empirical investigation into the impact of multilingual practice on an individual's creative potential. Until now, the relationship between these two activities has received little attention in the academic community. The book makes an attempt to resuscitate this theme and provides a solid theoretical framework supported by contemporary empirical research conducted in a variety of geographic, linguistic, and sociocultural locations. This study demonstrates that several factors - such as the multilinguals' age of language acquisition, proficiency in these languages and experience with cultural settings in which these languages were acquired - have a positive impact on selective attention and language mediated concept activation mechanisms. Together, these facilitate generative and innovative capacities of creative thinking. This book will be of great interest not only to scholars in the fields of multilingualism and creativity, but also to educators and all those interested in enhancing foreign language learning and fostering creativity.