Technology & Engineering

The book describes on an introductory level the designing of chemical processes and products so as to reduce or eliminate the use or production of toxic or hazards substances. It explains the code of conduct meant to reduce the environmental impact of any chemical process, whether at laboratory scale or industrial scale. The synonyms of Green Chemistry are the Sustainable Chemistry or the low-environmental-impact Chemistry.

Pharmaceutical chemistry (PC) represents a dynamic field of research that plays a pivotal role in the development of life-saving pharmaceuticals. PC is a precise science: One needs to rely on the accuracy of previous discoveries that have provided massive amount of precious information and databases as a solid foundation to move forward. PC is also an art where the artist uses a subtle mixture of knowledge, experimental learning, creativity, intuition, boldness, and serendipity to paint the right canvas.

Nature often serves as a stimulus for pharmaceutical chemists. Many drugs are derived from natural compounds found in plants, fungi, or microorganisms. Chemists study these natural sources, seeking inspiration to design synthetic molecules that mimic the therapeutic properties of the originals while optimizing their characteristics.

Francis Collins, geneticist and expert in the pharmaceutical industry, explains that the molecular cause of 4,000 diseases is no longer a secret to humanity, but there are only treatments available for 250 of them. Therefore, the world requires more professionals who can produce better medicines and solve more needs. For this reason, it is urgent to discover a new system, new drugs, better industrial processes and faster responses for rare and complex diseases. That is the importance and need for more students in love with PC.

It is the author's wish that volumes 1 and 2 of this series may serve as motivation for students who intend to get started in the exciting world of drug design, synthesis and development. There is no nobler objective than improving health and quality of life of the human race. The unprecedented increase in human life expectancy, which has almost doubled in a hundred years, is mainly due to drugs and to those who discovered them. It is more important to create awareness in the student that he/she is responsible for his own learning and not simply a passive consumer of information. In this way we will be able to train versatile professionals with an attitude of transformative social change.

"Reading the book, you can feel the long practical experience of the author. The text is easy to read, even where concepts can be complex. The strong theoretical background of the author is well known from other publications. In this book, however, the topics are presented on a level that every engineer and scientist in the chemical industry and process industry should know and can understand... This book would have been very helpful at the beginning of my career to close the addressed gap. Therefore, I can strongly recommend it not only to all students close to their degree, but also to engineers and scientists just starting their industrial career in the related industrial sectors that are subsumed under the term process industry (chemical or petrochemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, biochemical industry, environmental technology, etc.). The book is like an investment. Doing a better job and getting a better job evaluation might pay for the book …" Prof. Dr.-Ing. Claus Fleischer, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences

Process Engineering is based on almost 30 years of practical experience of the author in process simulation, design and development. The book is a missing link between students and practitioners. The author has coached many graduates in their first months and knows what the typical questions are.

Coming from the university, graduates often do not know which relevance their knowledge has and how to apply it in real life, whereas established practitioners often stick to the narrow way of their experience, forgetting that science continuously makes progress. There is a gap to be bridged.

From his own professional experience, the author covers many topics of the process engineering business, but three guest contributions are a valuable supplement to the content of the third edition. Already in the 2nd edition, Verena Haas from BASF SE wrote an excellent chapter on dynamic process simulation. For the new 3rd edition, Gökce Adali and Michael Benje added two chapters on digitalization and patents, respectively.

Preparing the reader for the everyday business!

The book reviews the history of current brand and generic business in pharmaceuticals manufacturing practices. Based on examples, the reader can interpolate, extrapolate and exploit mutual behavior (physical and chemical properties) of chemicals to design and commercialize processes that fulfi ll the demands, also manipulate chemical unit processes and unit operations to reduce/minimize effl uents and lower environmental impact i.e. reduce global warming. Readers will be able to simplify process development, design and commercialize economic manufacturing processes.

The book is focused on Bio Products derived from renewable resources processed by conventional catalytic thermochemical processes and or emerging bioprocessing techniques including fermentation and synthetic biology. It highlights some of these developments—from discovery, lab feasibility, scale up and eventual commercialization of interest and value in all the major sectors of the economy.

This book delves into dynamic systems modeling, probability theory, stochastic processes, estimation theory, Kalman filters, and game theory. While many excellent books offer insights into these topics, our proposed book takes a distinctive approach, integrating these diverse subjects to address uncertainties and demonstrate their practical applications.

The author aims to cater to a broad spectrum of readers. The book features approximately 150 meticulously explained solved examples and numerous simulation programs, each with detailed explanations.

"Modelling Stochastic Uncertainties" provides a comprehensive understanding of uncertainties and their implications across various domains. Here is a brief exploration of the chapters:

Chapter 1: Introduces the book's philosophy and the manifestation of uncertainties.

Chapter 2: Lays the mathematical foundation, focusing on probability theory and stochastic processes, covering random variables, probability distributions, expectations, characteristic functions, and limits, along with various stochastic processes and their properties.

Chapter 3: Discusses managing uncertainty through deterministic and stochastic dynamic modeling techniques.

Chapter 4: Explores parameter estimation amid uncertainty, presenting key concepts of estimation theory.

Chapter 5: Focuses on Kalman filters for state estimation amid uncertain measurements and Gaussian additive noise.

Chapter 6: Examines how uncertainty influences decision-making in strategic interactions and conflict management.

Overall, the book provides a thorough understanding of uncertainties, from theoretical foundations to practical applications in dynamic systems modeling, estimation, and game theory.

Organic contaminants even in very low concentrations can have toxic and ecotoxic effects on exposed organisms. Detection and quantification of such trace amounts in diverging matrices (e.g., water, air, soil, food, tissue, organisms) is challenging and great carefulness and strategic thinking is needed to get reliable results along the way from taking samples up to the final analysis. In the 2^nd edition, besides revisions of existing chapters, new analytical technologies and recent application examples are presented: non-target mass spectrometric analysis, trace analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkylated "forever chemicals", organophosphorus esters (nerve agents), and micro- and nanoplastic particles in the environment.

Students will learn about peculiarities and state of the art organic trace analysis and acquire basic and advanced principles of

• statistical evaluation of analytical results
• quality control strategies and good laboratory practices
• sampling techniques from various matrices
• sample treatment, enrichment and clean-up techniques
• chromatographic analyses including hyphenated techniques, and spectroscopy as well
• mass spectrometry
• and bioanalytical tools.

An extended chapter on selected applications will transfer the theoretical understanding into applied scientific problems. Students will profit from a comprehensive and state of the art overview of organic trace analyses and from an extensive collection of relevant literature.

While there are thousands of books written about feedback control, it is surprising that this is the very first book about feedforward control. Feedforward control is a very powerful technique to compensate for measurable load disturbances in regulation control problems, and the use of feedforward control to assist the traditional feedback controllers is rapidly increasing in industry. The main goal of this book is to describe the power of feedforward control and to present different tuning rules for these controllers. To achieve this goal, theoretical and practical contributions are presented throughout the book to make the technique understandable and easy to implement. The book contains many practical aspects, both in terms of tuning and implementation of the feedforward controller. Many simulation examples are also provided, as well as a presentation of industrial experiences obtained from feedforward control applied to temperature control in greenhouses. For these reasons, we believe that the book will be useful not only at various levels in the teaching systems, but also for engineers working in industry.

Many brewers and craft beer drinkers have dreams of working at or owning a brewery. Chemists and Biologists are a very natural fit in the brewing industry given their training, background and interests in exploring the world around them. This book supports that natural curiosity through a series of interviews with these individuals who work in the brewing industry at all levels of employment from the lab manager to working as brewery staff to starting a brewery.

While plastics offer undeniable benefits, their exponential growth in production has raised concerns about resource depletion and pollution. Efforts to address the end-of-life challenges of plastics have been hindered by low recycling rates and inadequate waste management systems. Only a fraction of plastic waste is recycled globally, with a significant portion ending up in landfills or polluting natural environments. The persistence of plastic waste, coupled with its widespread contamination of oceans, freshwater systems, and terrestrial habitats, underscores the urgent need for solutions to mitigate its environmental impact. In response to these challenges, emerging circular plastics technologies, particularly chemical recycling, offer promising avenues for transforming plastic waste into valuable resources. Chemical recycling methods, including pyrolysis, depolymerization, and open-loop recycling, present opportunities to break down plastics into fuels, chemicals, and monomers, thus closing the loop on plastic production and consumption.

This book provides an overview of emerging chemical recycling technologies, focusing on advancements in pyrolysis, depolymerization, and open-loop recycling processes. Highlighting notable technological innovations and industry efforts to commercialize these methods, the book serves as a guide to understanding the potential of chemical recycling in addressing the plastic waste crisis.

Formulations starts with a general introduction, explaining interaction forces between particles and droplets, self-assembly systems, polymeric surfactants and nanoemulsions. The second part covers the industrial examples ranging from foams, soaps over to hair care, sunscreen and make-up products. Combines information needed by formulation chemists as well as researchers in the cosmetic industry due the increasing number of products.

This book discusses methods for the assessment of energetic compounds through heat of detonation, detonation pressure, velocity and temperature, Gurney energy and power. The authors focus on the detonation pressure and detonation velocity of non-ideal aluminized energetic compounds. This 2nd Edition includes an updated and improved presentation of simple, reliable methods for the design, synthesis and development of novel energetic compounds.

Embark on a transformative journey through uncharted realms of research and industry with the first book of the "Cannabis Innovations" series. This multidisciplinary effort breaks the mold of typical cannabis texts by providing chapters written by a diverse array of professionals actively shaping the frontiers of cannabis science and business. Regulatory consultants, lawyers, pharmacologists, industry operators, and academics unite to offer seldom encountered perspectives found in traditional cannabis discourse. Our compilation is a carefully curated exploration of the advanced and interconnected complexities of cannabis and is tailored for those with a foundational understanding, ready to delve deeper into the subject.

This is part of a larger DeGruyter initiative which focuses on innovative and novel topics, each volume of this series serves as a guide through the multifaceted landscape of cannabis. Step into a pragmatic view of the cannabis industry’s future, where research and innovation converge to advance our understanding of this complex plant, helping us become poised to balance the risks and benefits for the challenges that lay ahead.

This book will help chemists and non-chemists alike understand the fundamentals of surface chemistry and precursor design, and how these precursors drive the processes of atomic layer deposition, and how the surface-precursor interaction governs atomic layer deposition processes. The underlying principles in atomic layer deposition rely on the chemistry of a precursor with a surface.

Textile and fibre chemistry form the theoretical basis to understand production and properties of textile based products. In this 2^nd edition fundamentals of textile chemistry and theoretical and applicatory aspects of colour chemistry are interconnected to draw detailed picture of chemical reactions occurring during production and modification of textile products. An overview about chemical modification, finishing operations is given to explain how to impart special functionalities into functional products. Examples for technical scale processes and representative machinery used therein give insight into the technical reality of a dyehouse. A new chapter about circularity of textiles highlights the interlinkage between product design, including dyes and finishes, and the requirements to develop future fibre-to-fibre recycling.

The work covers all relevant aspects of a textile product from fibre production, coloration, finishing, consumer use and fibre-to-fibre recycling. The content of the book allows a first entry into this multi-disciplinary field. Through its comprehensive character the authors explain the interdependence between textile and fibre processing and aspects of recycling, which makes the work a valuable source of information to design future textiles for circularity.

This book covers 10 surface characterization techniques divided into three sections. The first section covers the theoretical background, instrumentation and their salient features and a general understanding behind the results. The second section delves into deeper discussion of every terminology and concept. The third section is composed of 5 sets of examples from different research papers for every technique.

Silicon based materials and polymers are made of silicon containing polymers, mainly macromolecular siloxanes (silicones). This book covers the different kinds of siliconbased polymers: silicones, silsesquioxanes (POSS), and silicon-based copolymers. Other silicon containig polymers: polycarbosilanes, polysilazanes, siloxane-organic copolymers, silicon derived high-tech ceramics: silicon carbide and oxycarbide, silicon nitride, etc. have also a very important practical meaning and a hudge number of practical applications. These materials make up products in a variety of industries and products, including technical and medical applicatons.

Polycrystalline silicon is the basic material for large scale photovoltaic (PV) applications as solar cells. Technical applications of crystalline (c-Si) and amorphous (a-Si) silicon (fully inorganic materials), silicon nanowires are still quickly growing, especially in the fi eld of microelectronics, optoelectronics, photonics. and photovoltaics, catalysts, and different electronic devices (e.g. sensors, thermoelectric devices).

This book is ideal for researchers and as such covers the industrial perspective of using each class of silicon based materials.

Discusses silanes, silane coupling agents (SCA), silica, silicates, silane modified fillers, silsesquioxanes, silicones, and other silicon polymers and copolymers for practical applications as polymeric materials and very useful ingredients in materials science.

Formulation Product Technology focuses on materials chemistry and introduces industrial manufacturing technologies for different product types. Besides addressing the fundamentals and the corresponding unit operations, the author presents a full cycle of product development for the materials that are used in everyday live. Various performance and personal chemicals, such as paints, coatings, dyes, laundry detergents, glass and concrete, pesticides, diapers, skin care and hair care products, etc. are discussed starting from product selection and up to setup of manufacturing process.

• Additional new products discussed: dyes for textiles, decorative products, hand sanitizers, deodorants, pesticides.
• Easy-to-understand introduction to formulation product design.
• Covers all main product types of modern chemical industry.

The book systematically introduces theories of frequently-used modern signal processing methods and technologies, and focuses discussions on stochastic signal, parameter estimation, modern spectral estimation, adaptive filter, high-order signal analysis and non-linear transformation in time-domain signal analysis. With abundant exercises, the book is an essential reference for graduate students in electrical engineering and information science.

The fully up-dated edition of the two-volume work covers both the theoretical foundation as well as the practical aspects. Presenting the complete insight into driving a chemical reaction provides a deep understanding for new potential technologies. Updated overview on devices and new key concepts of experimental procedures.

Vol. 2: Applications.

The ever-growing wealth of information has led to the emergence of a fourth paradigm of science. This new field of activity – data science – includes computer science, mathematics and a given specialist domain. This book focuses on chemistry, explaining how to use data science for deep insights and take chemical research and engineering to the next level. It covers modern aspects like Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Quantum computing.

Data Management for Natural Scientists offers a practical guide for scientific processing of data. It covers the way from “getting hands on” experimental results to ensuring their use for addressing various scientific questions. Code snippets are provided in order to introduce the proposed workstream and to demonstrate the adjustability to specific challenges.

The book about Non-bacterial toxins will cover those toxins that affect food safety and are produced by fungi (mycotoxins), cyanobacteria (cyanotoxins) and marine microalgae (phycotoxins). These three group of toxins affect food safety and drinking water quality at a global scale, and they pose three main challenges for scientists: 1) Climate change is causing a slow but steady change on the chemical profile of each of these groups, causing intoxications in areas that are geographically new to the intoxications map. For this reason, emerging toxins are a new topic that requires an important reallocation of resources to understand the new toxins trends, their toxicology, their analytical control and how to deal with them from a regulatory standpoint. 2) Toxicological science needs to be updated to determine the impact of the toxins in all kind of vectors (more and more are being discovered) and how they disseminate on the food chain. Also, the mode of action of many of this toxins is not understood or even known, and this affects also to the impact of the coexistence of several toxins in the same matrix. 3) Detection and regulation, as this requires the use of advance technology (mass spectrometry, biosensors, multitask screening etc) that is in many cases underdevelopped or not available, especially for many of the new toxins.
Climate change, toxicology and detection affect so many areas of science that this book will try to keep the readers updated about the current state of the art.

Removing the barriers to the Global Optimization of Plant Utility Systems by providing practical tools and techniques to deal with these unique challenges is the purpose of this book.

The operating cost of a typical Plant Utility System of a typical Industrial Production Process Plant is enormous - often in tens if not hundreds of millions of dollars per Annum. With so much money at stake, one would expect that heroic optimization efforts would be made to reduce the operating cost, however such is usually not the case. One reason for this complacency is that Plant Utility Systems are usually "cost centers" in Process Plants and their operating cost is prorated amongst the various Production Units, so it suffers from what is at times referred to as "the tragedy of the commons". Another reason for this complacency is that the Plant Utility System structure is significantly different than that of other Production Units, as for flexibility and safety reasons it has a large spare capacity to meet increased utility demand during startups, shutdowns, and emergencies. The existence of a spare equipment necessitates optimization of discrete decisions, whereby traditional optimization techniques do not readily apply.

Part of the problem is that the traditional engineering curriculum primarily emphasizes only one of the many optimization methods, called Non-Linear Programming (NLP). Although NLP can address large classes of optimization problems, it has fairly stringent requirements that all describing relationships (or functions) be continuous and have continuous derivatives. Additionally, in general, NLP only guarantees a local but not the global optimum.

Another optimization method is particularly well suited for modeling Plant Utility Systems is called Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). And unlike NLP, MILP methods can guarantee global optimum, which is very reassuring. MILP, however, does impose linearity requirements but as discussed in this book there are techniques to overcome this limitation.

For a chemist who is concerned with the synthesis of new energetic compounds, it is essential to be able to assess physical and thermodynamic properties, as well as the sensitivity, of possible new energetic compounds before synthesis is attempted. Various approaches have been developed to predict important aspects of the physical and thermodynamic properties of energetic materials including (but not limited to): crystal density, heat of formation, melting point, enthalpy of fusion and enthalpy of sublimation of an organic energetic compound. Since an organic energetic material consists of metastable molecules capable of undergoing very rapid and highly exothermic reactions, many methods have been developed to estimate the sensitivity of an energetic compound with respect to detonationcausing external stimuli such as heat, friction, impact, shock and electrostatic discharge. This book introduces these methods and demonstrates those methods which can be easily applied.

This publication addresses the critical need for chemists engaged in the synthesis of new energetic compounds to comprehensively evaluate physical and thermodynamic properties, as well as sensitivity to various stimuli. The book delves into established and emerging methods for predicting key properties such as crystal density, heat of formation, and melting points, providing a thorough understanding of the subject matter.

In this revised edition, we present updated insights across all chapters, exploring topics like enthalpy and entropy of fusion, heat of sublimation, and correlations among different types of sensitivities. Additionally, three new chapters focus on the assessment of energetic metal-organic complexes, including energetic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and energetic polymers, alongside strategies for predicting properties of novel energetic compounds.

This book is an essential resource for researchers and practitioners in the field, offering practical techniques and a solid foundation for advancing the synthesis and application of energetic materials. Its relevance extends to both academic and industrial settings, making it a vital addition to the literature on energetic compounds.

1. This book uniquely integrates theoretical methods with practical applications for predicting properties of energetic compounds.
2. It addresses the gap in understanding the sensitivity and stability of new materials.
3. Key features include updated methodologies, new chapters on metal-organic complexes, and comprehensive coverage of critical properties.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a groundbreaking advancement in renewable energy, offering a pathway to high-efficiency, sustainable energy solutions. This work provides a comprehensive exploration of perovskite materials, innovative device architectures, and advanced modeling techniques. It delves into the synthesis and characterization of perovskites, interface engineering, stability improvements, and fabrication methods for enhancing performance and addresses the scalability challenges and environmental impacts of PSCs, showcasing their potential to drive sustainability in energy systems. The integration of PSCs into hybrid and tandem solar systems, as well as their applications in large-scale photovoltaics, wearable devices, and consumer electronics, is examined in depth. The work serves as a valuable resource for professionals, graduate students and researchers in materials science, renewable energy, and electrical engineering. It highlights the transformative role of PSCs in reducing carbon emissions and achieving global energy goals, making it indispensable for specialists aiming to pioneer sustainable technologies.

Micro and Nano Emulsion Technologies for Pharmaceutical Products: From Lab to Shelf" is a pioneering work that bridges a long-standing gap in pharmaceutical literature. This comprehensive book covers the entire spectrum of micro and nano emulsions in one volume, from fundamental theory to clinical applications, in twelve insightful chapters. It traces the evolution of these colloidal systems, starting with their role in enhancing poorly soluble drugs and culminating in their groundbreaking use in targeted cancer therapies.The book provides an in-depth exploration of emulsification science, stability factors, and formulation design strategies, empowering readers to create robust pharmaceutical emulsions. It meticulously examines the roles of surfactants, co-surfactants, and oils, alongside advanced characterization techniques. Chapters on therapeutic applications in dermatology, transnasal delivery, cosmeceuticals, and wound healing offer innovative solutions to formulation challenges. A significant focus on oncology highlights how these emulsions are revolutionizing anticancer agent delivery and vaccine development.Uniquely, it presents rigorous clinical studies and patient outcomes, underscoring the real-world impact of micro and nano emulsions. This definitive guide is indispensable for pharmaceutical scientists, formulators, and healthcare professionals, consolidating all essential information on these two transformative systems in one volume.

Africa is a booming continent with incredible growth potential and is the second-largest continent in the world. The continent is home to immense potential and abundant resources. It is also the home to some of the youngest populations in the world. The continent is not just catching up with the world; it is propelling itself to the forefront of innovation. Africa is closely watched as the next big growth market.
Technologies impact every aspect of our modern society. African economies have been held back from their full potential, but the emerging technologies could help change that. The technologies have been gaining a lot of attention from businesses, investors, educators, and governments across Africa. They are having an influence on African lives, well-being, and resilience. They have come to be perceived as a groundbreaking method that can bypass the several systemic flaws affecting the continent.
This book explores the use of emerging technologies in Africa. These technologies include artificial intelligence, robotics, 3D printing, cloud computing, nanotechnology, Internet of things, blockchain, and drones. The book is organized into ten chapters that summarize these technologies and their adoption in African nations. It is a must read for those interested in the socio-economic development of Africa.

The motivation behind writing this book comes from the growing global concern over environmental degradation due to toxicity of materials and the need for sustainable solutions with greener approach. With the increasing demand for cleaner technologies and eco-friendly materials, there is a pressing need for a comprehensive resource that highlights the latest research and developments in this field. By compiling cutting-edge knowledge and insights from experts in the field, this book aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice and facilitate the adoption of sustainable materials and processes across various industries.

One of the key features of this book is its interdisciplinary approach, bringing together contributions from researchers and practitioners across fields such as materials science, green chemistry, environmental engineering, and sustainability studies.

This book will provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in green materials science and their potential applications in environmental sustainability. It covers a wide range of topics, including the synthesis of green materials and their utilization in environmental remediation, different process for sustainable innovation, and sustainable manufacturing processes. Additionally, the book explores the role of green materials in environmental risk assessment and promoting circular economy principles.

Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of collaboration between academia, industry, and policymakers in driving innovation and fostering a sustainable future. Overall, the book aims to serve as a valuable reference for scientists, engineers, and students interested in advancing green chemistry and sustainable materials science.

Self-healing synthetic materials have the ability to repair damage on their own, restoring functionality and significantly extending the lifespan, energy efficiency, safety, and environmental impact of synthetic materials. These materials can mimic self-repair mechanisms in biological materials and regain their original functionalities, ensuring prolonged durability. Methods for repairing mechanically damaged polymeric materials include using photo-activated healing agents, reversible covalent bonds, cycloaddition reactions, metal-ligand complexes, and dynamic non-covalent bonding. The initial chapter of the book lays the introduction by offering a fundamental overview of self-healing materials. It encompasses a spectrum of smart materials, from self-healing polymers to self-healing ceramics. The next section introduces the mechanisms that endow these materials with their remarkable properties. It explores various self-healing strategies, underlying chemistries, and stimulus responsiveness crucial for achieving these self-repairing abilities. The book then focuses on the processing aspect of these materials, detailing diverse fabrication methods used for developing these intelligent polymers, both in laboratory settings and at an industrial scale. The next section centers on self-healing elastomers, encompassing thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastic vulcanizates. It not only provides an overview but delves into the synthesis, structure-property relationships, and applications of these elastomers molded as self-healing materials. The book concludes with potential applications of these smart materials. It is structured around specific properties such as mechanical or rheological characteristics, showcasing how these traits inspire the practical application of self-healing elastomers.

Comprehending the principles behind dosage form science is crucial in the advancement of pharmaceutical carriers for drug delivery. Dosage Form Development is a comprehensive and consolidated resource to explore the impact of various pharmaceutical and analytical factors on the design and evaluation of dosage forms. The book describes the mechanistic approaches involved in developing these carriers for active pharmaceutical ingredients and aims to elucidate the physicochemical and procedural key points in pharmaceutical dosage form development and analysis.

The book focuses on applying the theories and techniques of physics to study and understand biological systems. Topics include from atoms to living things, the model of atoms, the bonds between atoms, biomolecules including DNA, protein, and membranes, ion channels, biological energy, excitable membranes, and nerve signals. It also describes the experimental techniques for analysis of DNA, protein, and membranes.

Starting from physical and electrochemical foundations, this textbook explains working principles of energy storage devices. After a history of galvanic cells, different types of primary, secondary and flow cells as well as fuel cells and supercapacitors are covered. An emphasis lies on the general setup and mechanisms behind those devices to enable easy understanding for students from all technical and natural science disciplines. New: two current batteries types are added and explained to complete and update the content. New: two current batteries types are added and explained to complete and update the content.

Manufacturing Processes offers a concise overview of essential manufacturing processes, providing readers with a foundational understanding of the methods used to transform raw materials into finished products, covering traditional techniques like casting, forming, and machining, alongside modern methods such as additive manufacturing. It provides both theoretical and practical knowledge to engineering students.

• Written in a very simple language.
• Figures for better understanding of tools, equipment, machines and manufacturing setups.
• Practice test questions.

The book aims to cover several areas in both design and manufacturing advancements while targeting technologies and methodologies that can push forward the research. There are a variety of topics included in order to provide a solid basis towards Industry 4.0 i.e., design methodologies, digital tools, CAD based applications, CAD/CAM/CAE developments, product design, material selection and improved material technology, additive manufacturing, modern machine design, smart manufacturing automation, algorithmic/computational design, artificial intelligence in design and manufacturing, machine learning applications, sustainable design, structures design optimization, STEAM (Science-Technology-Engineering-Arts-Mathematics) technologies and gamification.

How to ensure clean potable water? Hydrochemistry, colloidal chemistry, physics, plus engineering aspects are combined in this book for practical drinking water treatment. Focusing on coagulation-flocculation as a key step in this process, it provides principles, optimisation, and efficiency evaluation, broader theoretical background and practical aspects.

Machine Learning for Medical Applications – Volume I provides an in-depth look into the frontier of artificial intelligence in healthcare, bringing together contributions from leading researchers and innovators. This volume focuses on three critical areas: computational drug discovery, advanced bioimaging techniques, and the development of smart biomaterials for medical use. Readers will discover how machine learning is revolutionizing personalized medicine, improving diagnostic accuracy, and enabling the design of AI-driven biomedical sensors and therapeutic systems. With practical insights into algorithmic modeling, drug toxicity prediction, and materials screening, this book bridges the gap between data science and clinical applications. Ideal for professionals, academics, and students in biomedical engineering, computer science, and medical informatics, this book highlights the synergistic potential of machine learning and modern medicine in shaping the future of healthcare.

The book provides a concise and practically-driven overview of fundamentals and current experimental practices in the field of characterization of modern polymer, biopolymer materials and related composites. Such guide is important for experienced undergraduate students and new graduate students starting their adventure into polymer materials research. It helps students with quick introduction into theoretical basics, guidance on experimental routines, specimen preparations, data analysis, resolution and limitations of experimental measurements, and common issues and artifacts. It includes most popular spectroscopic and microscopic techniques for understanding chemical composition, microstructure and morphology, and fundamental properties of solid polymeric materials including mechanical, viscoelastic, thermomechanical, surface, and optical properties. All chapters are accompanied by examples of specific study cases, experimental problems and questions for solving and self-testing, as well as laboratory practice videos collected by the authors in their labs.

• Includes long-lasting and in-depth research experience in the field of polymer characterization of a wide variety of polymers, biopolymers and composites.
• Contains guide to training, practical use, data analysis, limitations and resolution, common experimental routine parameters, and other practical considerations such as applicability in real lab environment.
• Includes examples of study cases, questions and problems for student self-testing and analysis.
• Includes examples of prominent artifacts and data corruptions and how to avoid and correct those.
• Shows practical lessons in the video collected by the authors with specimen preparation, experimental parameters selection, measuring process, and data collection, all in real-time.

This book provides a comprehensive survey on these important polymeric materials. Polyurethanes are widely used - hence understanding their chemistry, properties, production, analysis, environmental issues and the extensive overview on their applications, is mandatory for anybody embarking in this industry.

This book serves as a comprehensive guide to the fundamental and advanced principles of flow dynamics and heat transfer, emphasizing computational techniques, numerical simulations, and real-world applications. Designed for researchers, engineers, and students, this book bridges theoretical foundations with modern computational and experimental methodologies to address contemporary challenges in fluid flow and heat transfer.

Exploring a wide range of topics, from compressible and non-Newtonian fluid flow to microscale and nanoscale heat transfer mechanisms, the book provides insights into emerging technologies and optimization strategies. Readers will gain valuable knowledge on industrial applications, including turbine cooling, nanofluid-based heat exchangers, and AI-driven predictive modeling for thermal systems.

An essential reference for professionals and academics, this book equips readers with the knowledge and computational tools needed to solve complex fluid flow and heat transfer challenges across diverse engineering disciplines.

This book covers the issues related to the advances in productivity and organizational management that result from the continuous and highly complex process of change that today’s organizations are facing. Effective work practices and good employee relations are a real necessity of today’s organizations, as they can help to reduce absenteeism, turnover, and organizational costs, conducting high levels of commitment, effectiveness, performance and productivity. Addressing these questions this book focuses on the implications of those changes in productivity and organizational management. It explores the models, tools and processes used by organizations to help managers become better prepared to face the challenges and changes in work and, consequently, in the way how to manage today’s organizations. As a consequence of social, technological, political and economic changes, the field of work and organization management has become highly complex, claiming management for more effective strategies. Conscious of this reality, this book provides support to academics and researchers, as well as those operating in the management field who need to deal with policies and strategies related to work issues. Giving special attention to interdisciplinary perspectives, to further our knowledge and understanding of productivity and related change processes and work practices, the different chapter contributions of this book contribute to a better merger and interrelationship among organization, management and employee needs in order to increase efficiency, productivity and profitability of modern organizations.

Optimization is an area in constant evolution. The search for robust optimization techniques to deal with the highly non-convex models that represent the systems related to Chemical Engineering has led to important advances in the area. The need for developing economically feasible processes which are simultaneously environmentally friendly, safe, and controllable requires for adequate optimization strategies. Moreover, finding a global optimum is still a challenge for a diversity of cases. Thus, this book presents a compilation of classic and emerging optimization techniques, focusing on their application to systems related to the Chemical Engineering. The book shows the applications of classic mathematical programming, metaheuristic optimization methods and machine learning-based strategies. The analysis of the described techniques allows the reader identifying the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Moreover, the book will discuss the perspectives for future developments on the area.

This publication addresses the growing field of Natural Hydrogen Systems, co-edited by Reza Rezaee and Brian Evans. With a surge in research interest in natural hydrogen and helium, this volume responds to the demand for a comprehensive exploration of hydrogen's natural occurrences, properties, and applications.

Covering an array of crucial facets, the book begins with an overview by the editors, setting the stage for an in-depth journey. Chapters unfold to elucidate hydrogen's physical and chemical properties, formation mechanisms, global occurrences, and detection techniques. Experimental investigations, insights from field studies, and a focus on hydrogen as an energy source further enrich the narrative. Environmental impacts, industrial applications, and technological developments are meticulously examined, providing a holistic understanding. The volume concludes with case studies, offering real-world applications and reinforcing theoretical concepts.

This book stands as a vital resource for specialists seeking to deepen their knowledge of Natural Hydrogen Systems. With contributions from esteemed researchers, it not only captures the field's current state but also charts a course for future exploration. Its relevance to the target audience lies in its ability to serve as a definitive reference, fostering advancements and innovations in this rapidly evolving domain.

Separation processes on an industrial scale account for well over half of the capital and operating costs in the chemical industry. Knowledge of these processes is key for every student of chemical or process engineering and makes this book with its wealth of exercises and solutions ideally suited to university teaching. The Third edition boasts an even greater number of applied examples and updated chapters on drying, adsorption and membranes.

The theory and practice of optimization as a tool for successful decision-making when designing new products and processes: While the focus is on the formulation of optimization problems, also attention is given to solution methods, software implementation, and analysis and interpretation of solutions.The book helps the chemical engineer in formulation, solving and analyzing different classes of optimization problems (LP’s, NLP’s MIP’s) at different scales (from individual equipment and product up to plant and supply chain). This book is an excellent guide and companion for undergraduate, graduate students as well as professional practitioners.

Diese von Frank Kameier und Oliver Paschereit neu bearbeitete Auflage behandelt unverändert die Grundlagen der Strömungsmechanik in bewährter didaktischer Aufbereitung als übersichtliche Lehreinheiten mit umfangreichem Feedback. Wichtige Kenntnisse hinsichtlich numerischer Anwendungen werden mit Hilfe der konsequent angewandten Tensornotation zur Berechnung 3-dimensionaler Strömungen vermittelt. Vollständig überarbeitet wurden die Abschnitte zur Strömungsmesstechnik und zu den strömungsmechanischen Grundlagen von Strömungsmaschinen.

• Das bewährte Lehrbuch ist nun in einer neu bearbeiteten und aktualisierten 3. Auflage wieder erhältlich.
• Von den Grundlagen der Flüssigkeiten und Gase zur Hydrostatik.
• Weitere wichtige Themen: reibungsfreie sowie reibungsbehaftete Strömungen, Wirbelströmungen, Grenzschichtströmungen, turbulente Strömungen, Gasdynamik.
  

The publication of "Innovations in Smart Alloys: From Microstructure to Market" addresses the growing demand for advanced materials that combine adaptive properties with high performance across diverse industries. This comprehensive volume explores the science and technology of smart alloys, tracing their historical development, underlying principles, and the latest advancements in their manufacturing, functionalization, and processing techniques. It delves into key topics such as the relationship between microstructure and material properties, the unique characteristics of multicomponent and high-entropy alloys, and the development of smart alloy composites and hybrid materials. The book also covers the significant applications of smart alloys in critical sectors including energy, biomedical, civil engineering, aerospace, and automotive industries, supported by case studies and real-world examples. This book is an invaluable resource for materials scientists, engineers, researchers, and industry professionals seeking to deepen their understanding of smart alloys and leverage their transformative potential in modern technology and industry.

This textbook gives a unified treatment of the solution of various linear equations that arise in science and engineering with examples. It is based on a course taught by the first author for over thirty years. Some unique features include:

• Use of symbolic software for illustrating and enhancing the impact of physical parameter changes on solutions.
• Multi-scale analysis of engineering problems with physical interpretation of time and length scales in terms of eigenvalues and eigenvectors/eigenfunctions.
• Discussion of compartment models for various finite dimensional problems.
• Evaluation and illustration of functions of matrices (and use of symbolic manipulation) to solve multi-component diffusion-convection-reaction problems.
• Illustration of the techniques and interpretation of solutions to several classical engineering problems.
• Emphasis on the connection between discrete (matrix algebra) and continuum.
• Physical interpretation of adjoint operator and adjoint systems.
• Use of complex analysis and algebra in the solution of practical engineering problems.

Petroleum and pipeline engineers know that repairing and inspecting gas pipelines can be a costly process. To ensure that the system's strength and integrity are maintained, proper training is essential. "Gas Pipeline Integrity Management" is an exceptional guide that offers engineers the latest techniques in the field.　

The book is easy to understand, comprehensive, and filled with illustrations, calculations, and data tables. "Gas Pipeline Integrity Management" equips engineers with the knowledge and skills needed to safeguard gas pipeline investments securely and effectively.

It covers risk assessment, management of change, hazard mitigation, integrity assessment, inspection, monitoring and repair, records and data management and communication.

This work focuses on recent advancements of composite materials in a broad range of biomedical engineering applications. After discussing hydrogels and metal, ceramic, polymeric composites it presents the fundamentals of computational modelling of bones, muscles and ligaments. In the last part it covers various additive manufacturing techniques e.g. for implants and prosthetic limbs.

Signals and systems enjoy wide application in industry and daily life, and understanding basic concepts of the subject area is of importance to undergraduates majoring in engineering. With rigorous mathematical deduction, this introductory text book is helpful for students who study communications engineering, electrical and electronic engineering, and control engineering. Additionally, supplementary materials are provided for self-learners.