Volume 28 of "Studies in Symbolic Interaction" emphasizes new developments in interactional theory and practice, as well as examples of post-modern ethnography and performance texts focused on border crossings and border performances. The volume also presents essays honoring Carolyn Ellis' contributions to 'Symbolic Interaction and Communications', as well as the annual address in the "Peter M Hall Lecture" series.
Norman K. Denzin
Studies in Symbolic Interaction
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This volume emphasizes interpretive interactionist work on race, media, culture and identity. Experimental, autoethnographic performance texts are privileged, as are recent theoretical developments in symbolic interaction theory involving critical humanism, pragmatic theories of power and the layered bureaucracy. It also presents essays on the New Iowa School, the work of Gideon. S. Joberg, cultural studies and symbolic interactionism, including the work of Norman Denzin.
Norman K. Denzin
Studies in Symbolic Interaction
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Volume 29 of "Studies in Symbolic Interaction" honors Ron Pelias' contributions to symbolic interaction and performance studies. The work of Patricia Ticineto Clough is also honored. New theoretical developments in the areas of race, identity, politics and authenticity are presented, as are performance essays interrogating mental health care, and the representations of gender and sexuality in the popular HBO series, "Sex in the City". It honors the work of Ron Pelias and Patricia Ticineto Clough and features a performance essay that discusses representations of gender and ethnicity in HBO's "Sex and the City".
Norman K. Denzin
Studies in Symbolic Interaction
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This 16th volume in the series discusses a variety of topics in the field of symbolic interaction; these topics include extending interaction theory and new empirical and theoretical inquiries.
Yoram Amiel
Studies on Economic Well Being
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"Research on Economic Inequality, Volume 12" is the outgrowth of University of Alabama Poverty and Inequality conference, May 22-25, 2003. The motivation for the conference was to honor John P. Formby upon his retirement. The conference, funded by the University, was designed to bring together three groups of people; first, some of the most recognized scholars in the field, second, current and former colleagues of John Formby's working in this field, and third, Dr. Formby's former PhD and post-doctoral students. Seventeen papers were presented, eleven of which are authored or co-authored by Dr. Formby's former students. Peter Lambert and Yoram Amiel also participated in the conference. Dan Slottje, John Creedy, Shlomo Yitzhaki and Quentin Wodon did not attend but contributed papers. The first two papers in Volume 12 examine the impact of the minimum wage. The Formby-Bishop-Kim paper compares the poverty reducing effects of the minimum wage to two alternative poverty reducing policies. In the Cover-Kim paper, the authors control for local cost of living to gauge the impact of the minimum wage on teenage employment. The third and fourth papers apply experimental methods to study respondent's attitudes toward inequality and risk. The Beckman et al. paper asks whether the failure to reliably observe inequality aversion (in experiments) extends to risk aversion. In the fifth paper, Buhong Zheng investigates the properties of "intermediate" measures of inequality. The paper questions, whether these measures maintain their intermediateness through inequality neutral transformations, and the unit consistency of these measures. In the sixth paper, Bishop-Chow-Zeager extend their earlier work on Lorenz curve decompositions. The decomposed Lorenz curve can be easily used to construct interdistributional Lorenz curve measures of economic advantage among subgroups. Using U.S. data they find smaller economic advantages over time by race and region, although not by marital status. In the seventh paper, Yitzhaki and Wodon observe that mobility is the transition between two inequality states and establish the equivalence of the Gini index with the Atkinson-Plotnik measure of horizontal equity. They illustrate their results with data from rural Mexico. The eighth and ninth papers address tax microsimulation modeling. Creedy-Kalb-Scutella compare alternative approaches to measuring poverty and inequality in a discrete hours model.
G. Tomas M. Hult
Study Abroad
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Business educators everywhere are looking for opportunities where students can gain experiences through study or work in an international context. Study abroad offers meaningful opportunities for exposing business students to cross-cultural learning. In this volume, experts share experiences and guidelines for initiating study abroad programs in business schools. A variety of key issues are discussed, including funding for study abroad fellowships, integrating foreign language training, administrative arrangements for study abroad, and best practices. Perspectives from both US and European business schools are addressed.
Jere E. Brophy
Subject-specific instructional methods and activities
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This volume explores the tension between the search for generic principles of good teaching that cut across school subjects and the belief that portrayals of best practices ought to be framed separately for each subject. Its contributors all favor teaching in ways that encourage students to learn each subject with understanding of its big ideas, appreciation of its value, and acquisition of the disposition to apply it in their lives outside of school. They consider curricular, instructional, and assessment aspects of best practices that foster this kind of learning in fourteen school subjects, focusing on instructional methods and learning activities. In the introduction, Editor Jere Brophy presents twelve generic guidelines for good teaching that he believes represent current consensus about best practices that should be applicable to any school subject. Then, leading scholars concerned with curriculum and instruction in particular school subjects (beginning reading, content area reading and literature studies, writing, number, geometry, biology, physics, chemistry, earth science, history, physical geography, cultural studies, citizenship education, and economics) synthesize current thinking about best practices in teaching their respective subjects, commenting on the applicability of generic principles but focusing on subject-special goals and methods. These state-of-the-field contributions take into account not only relatively formal research, but also the wisdom of practice as represented in standards documents, case studies of good teaching, and the methods and activities commonly recommended in subject-specific teacher education texts. The fourteen chapters examine best practices with a much closer lens than more conventional approaches that consider language arts, mathematics, science, and social studies teaching in general but do not focus on the strands that compose these four broad curricular areas. In a final discussion chapter, Brophy draws from these chapters to reassess the applicability of generic guidelines across subjects and to identify commonalities and points of contention in what the authors have to say about instructional materials, content representations, discourse management, learning activities, assessment, technology, and other factors involved in teaching school subjects effectively.
B. Lindgren
Substance Use
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The economics of substance use and abuse deals with the consumption of goods that share two properties. First, they are addictive in the sense that an increase in past consumption of the good leads to an increase in current consumption. Second, their consumption harms the consumer and others. This second property makes them of interest from policy, legal, and public health perspectives. The tremendous expansion in research in the economics of substance use and abuse since the early 1980s and the presence of many unresolved issues motivate this volume. While most of the papers are by economists, the disciplines of medicine, political science, and psychology are also represented. Any successful attempt to address substance use must adopt an interdisciplinary perspective. The aim of the volume to cover issues pertaining to individual behavior, social interactions, markets, and politics makes this all the more necessary. Some of the twenty papers in the volume contain new estimates of the price sensitivity of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and heroin. Others focus on the effects of consumption on earnings, crime, suicide, and sexually transmitted diseases. Still others address the roles of psychobiology, social interaction, hyperbolic discounting, and peer effects in shaping decisions with regard to the use of harmfully addictive substances. To a larger or lesser extent, all the papers contain implications for policy-making. A number of papers, however, are more directly concerned with policy-making and with the policy-making environment, including evaluations of the costs and benefits of treatment services for abusers. Readers of this volume should gain a much better understanding of what we know and what we still need to know about the economics of substance use and abuse.
Carol Camp Yeakey
Suffer the Little Children
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This volume examines the burden of poverty that children and young adults disproportionately share throughout the world. Contributions from international researchers examine some of the profound precursor issues that serve to inhibit the chances of children and young adults to education and social mobility in an international context. Issues such as housing and homelessness, family income, maternal and child health, child care, hunger, adolescent pregnancy, violence by and against children, the impact of war and famine, various forms of social deviance and early childhood education are investigated. The volume also examines the social, political and economic contexts in which poverty occurs, utilizing various theoretical perspectives by which to view issues such as human rights, social development and social cohesion in developing, emerging and transitional societies. Implicit throughout the volume are the decisions and non-decisions of governments as they confront issues of growing poverty and the repercussions of that poverty for future generations.
Mathieu Deflem
Surveillance and Governance
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This volume presents recent insights in the sociological study of surveillance and governance in the context of criminal justice and other control strategies. The chapters provide a varied set of theoretical perspectives and substantive research domains on the qualities and quantities of some of the most recent transformations of social control as well as their historical precursors in diverse social settings. The contributors to this volume testify to the increasing relevance of surveillance and governance across the globe as well as the cross-national study thereof. Among the central issues discussed is the relationship between state and non-state mechanisms of surveillance.Moreover, many of the new technologies that a decade ago led to analytical reflections of the highest order today have become banal in their everyday application and routine diffusion. What can sociologists intelligently say about these developments in both empirical and theoretical respects? Creatively exploring many facets of the broader constellation of contemporary surveillance and governance strategies with respect to both crime control and related developments, the contributors of this volume offer provocative and thoughtful reflections that will stimulate our theoretical thinking about relevant issues.This is a contemporary study of surveillance and governance. It includes contributions from an international group of leading scholars.
Sonita Sarker
Sustainable Feminisms
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This volume illuminates the encounter of feminist activism with scholarship in political science, cultural studies, sociology, ethnic studies, and economics. The essays contribute images of the forces that lead to the development of many different kinds of feminisms and womens movements across the globe in the 20th century and recently. They explore the cultural constructions and legitimations of sustainability during the processes through which various agents interpret the relevance of feminisms for their social and political initiatives. The volume offers new dimensions on the relationships across time and place among activisms and scholarships, as ways to contemplate how feminisms are sustainable and whether there is a future beyond sustainability. This book gives a genealogical account of various different kinds of feminisms. It offers new dimensions on the relationships across time and place among activisms and scholarships. It investigates and discusses how feminisms are sustainable.
Thomas A. Lyson
Sustaining Agriculture and Rural Communities
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This sixth volume in the series covers a variety of topics in research in rural sociology and development.
Moses L. Pava
Symposium on Health Care Ethics
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The purpose of the series is to explore the central and unique role of organizational ethics in creating and sustaining a pluralistic, free enterprise economy. The primary goal of the research studies published here is to examine how profit seeking and not for profit organizations can be conceived and designed to satisfy legitimate human needs in an ethical and meaningful way.
Takao Takahashi
Taking Life and Death Seriously
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Full-scale Bioethics research began in America around 1970, a decade later America introduced it into Japan. More recently Japanese researchers have realised the growing necessity to evaluate Bioethics more objectively. The principles and policies concerning Bioethics differ between countries. In particular, considerable discrepancies have been occurring between Japanese medical practices and the principles of Bioethics originally imported from America. This has lead to the need for a close investigation into the Japanese approach to Bioethics. Despite this however, there are currently only a few researchers studying the Japanese approach to Bioethics. This interdisciplinary anthology uniquely provides a significant examination of the Bioethics from Japan by considering Japanese views from various aspects, such as life and death, dignity, family and care. The authors of this volume believe that in establishing their own approach to Bioethics each country will increase the practicality of this discipline and, by doing so, will aid the search for the universal elements in Bioethics. The members of the Kumamoto University Bioethics Research Group have published a number of books on Bioethics in Japan over the past decade and in doing so have been preparing for the production of this anthology. The contributors of this volume are both current and former faculty members at Kumamoto University; a well-known institute for Minamata Disease and the volume contains essays written specifically in relation to this area of research.
Wayne Urban
Teachers Unions and Education Policy
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The American public has increasingly heard that teacher unions and quality education are contradictory terms and that unions are responsible for the failure of public schools. Many critics of the unions would cheerfully channel public funds to largely nonunion private and parochial schools as free market alternatives. The present volume, edited by friends of the teacher unions and featuring contributions by prominent education scholars as well as union activists, has a far more positive perspective on the achievements and value of teacher unions and our public education system. The collection does not avoid critical examination of the teacher unions, however. Moreover, taken as a whole, it speaks to the need for continuing reform and renovation within the unions themselves, and it affirms a need for innovation and competition within public education as a way of enhancing its quality. Toward those ends, the volume first reviews the substantial contributions that teachers and their unions have made to the well being of their members and the education of students over more than a hundred years. It then explores collective bargaining as it affects reform and educational quality. It continues by examining the real-world outcomes of education in unionized environments; taking an inside look at a turn toward bipartisanship in the NEAs political and lobbying activities; and analyzing the unions recent record in shaping education legislation and policy. The book also examines teacher union activities in higher education; the innovative work of local reform unions; union support for education research and development; and the shape of a teacher unionism specifically organized to promote educational quality. The volume concludes by tracing the development and current activities of international education associations as defendersin both the developed and developing countriesof the teaching profession and of the rights of all children to a quality education. This book is no mere reverie on a heroic union past. It is instead an exploration of past and present as prologues to the manifold possibilities for enhancing the unions contributions to quality public education.
Michael M. Beyerlein
Team Development
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Work teams have been in use for many years, yet research-based knowledge of the keys to high performance still has questions to answer. The development or maturity of a team is assumed to be closely related to the level of performance, but few studies have examined the maturation process thoroughly. Models of that process have emerged over the past half century, but their value seems limited. The chapters in this volume provide ideas, examples, and frameworks for improving our understanding of team development and the models we follow in fostering that development. As ideas like these become incorporated in research and practice, our ability to effectively move a team toward advanced levels of maturity will improve, and with that will come more frequent successes where teams outperform expectations.
Michael M. Beyerlein
Team Leadership
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This volume of the annual series on work teams focuses on leadership. A number of experts in academia and in business agree that leadership is the key to effective work teams. However, they do not necessarily agree on what is meant by 'leadership', how leadership should be enacted, or what constitutes a 'team'. The world of work is changing, and with it, the nature of leadership or our understanding of it is changing. There has been some evolution of leadership concepts and practices toward a more empowering approach focusing on the employees as human resources, but the older command and control approach is only slowly being replaced in research literature and business practices. The authors of the papers in this volume are at the cutting edge with their thinking, writing, and validation work on new approaches to understanding leadership. Subjects addressed in these papers include: team citizenship behavior; self-leadership, self-managed teams and shared leadership; transformational leadership; organizational culture as expressed in the behavior of team members; and, decision making in top management teams. The final chapter emphasizes the training of leaders and teams. These papers each contribute valuable insights and perspectives to both the researcher planning further study of team leadership and the practitioner who must produce performance enhancing change with work teams.
Michael M. Beyerlein
Team Performance Management
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The chapters in this volume are drawn from the Center for Study of Work Teams most recent conference, one which brings practitioners and researchers together to share knowledge and experience. The chapters cover a diversity of issues and variables that contribute to successful teaming. They also cover a variety of types of teams and remind us that different factors apply to different team requirements. Collectively these chapters expand our knowledge base in the field. This volume is an example of how the Center has contributed to the accumulation and management of knowledge about teaming over an extended period of time. Anyone who is involved with teaming, either at the micro or macro level, will benefit from the contents of this volume and from the overall body of work it represents.
Michael M. Beyerlein
Team-Based Organizing
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Concluding the "Advances in Interdisciplinary Studies of Work Teams" series with a focus on team-based organizing, this title reveals how the context for teams is critical to their success. Environmental factors may determine team goal accomplishment more than factors internal to the team. In particular, alignment of support systems with work teams influences how well they can function and how the team members feel about reaching challenging goals. The initial chapter sets the stage for a context focus by describing the critical success factors that impact team environments and how to address those factors. The second chapter focuses on effective change practices for transforming organizations into effective collaborative systems. The third chapter examines the fit of support systems with teams, including management systems and culture. Chapter four ties these system pieces together in a model that translates the value of team process improvements into financial terms for strategic decision making. Other chapters focus on team level task analysis and organizational citizenship behaviour, including the complex flow of leadership in emergency room teams. As a whole, this volume presents a perspective on team practice and theory that should benefit a wide range of readers.
T.E. Scruggs
Technological Applications
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Recent years have witnessed an explosion of technological advances, which has transformed virtually every aspect of human existence. Prominent among these advances are assistive technologies, which have been employed to improve the quality of life for individuals with disabilities. In this volume, recent advances in technological applications for individuals with learning and behavioural disabilities are described and discussed, in a collection that includes reviews of research, and original research reports. Technologies in this area have provided a multiplicity of uses, from advances in tools for basic research to text and content-enhancements to promote learning and behaviour change in educational environments. Discussed in this volume are technologies for improving our understanding of eye movements in learning from text, as well as technological applications in reading and literacy development. These technologies are employed to promote learning within classrooms, and also to connect learners with mentors outside the classroom. Beyond text, the use of virtual reality has been employed to promote understanding of complex concepts in physics. In many cases, these technologies have been employed effectively with students with emotional or behavioural disorders. Also discussed are issues in technological applications, including considerations of the most effective and appropriate uses of technology, where research is or should be heading, and teachers' understandings of the uses of technology with students with learning and behavioral disabilities. Also included in this volume are discussions of issues in learning disabilities, including discussions of significant issues in discrepancy models, and strategic coherence of individuals with learning difficulties. Overall, the ten chapters in this volume aim to provide some of the most current thinking and applications in learning and behavioural disabilities.
Terri L. Griffith
Technology
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This third volume in the series presents research on technology as either a tool or context for groups and teams. The volume is more broad than some other treatments of technology and groups. Thirteen chapters by leaders from both organizational behavior and information technology present management issues from two critical perspectives: groups and teams in evolving high-tech contexts (e.g., high precision manufacturing, computer virus assessment, space shuttle mission control, minimally invasive cardiac surgery); and leading edge research on technology for communication and knowledge management within groups and teams. The latter including research on virtual teams, adaptive structuration theory, conflict management, and the management of status and deception in electronic mail. Each chapter presents a unique view of groups and teams in modern organizational environments. Readers in the fields of management, organizational behavior, management information systems, information technology, social psychology, technology management and engineering will find useful results and interpretations for both research and practice. The summary chapter by Professor Linda Argote provides an integration and starting point for future assessments of technology, groups, and teams.
Sharon Y. Tettegah
Technology and Education
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In today's society where most students own MP3 players, engage in constant instant messaging and downloading from the Internet, more than ever school administrators and staff should be aware of issues in administration, policy, and applications. This book provides a comprehensive presentation of current policies and practices of technology in K12 schools. The first part of the book lays out the foundation of what schools should be concerned about involving various aspects of technology and its impact on school administration and teaching. The second part of the book introduces technology, policy and philosophical discussions on the use of technology in schools. The third section of the book provides an examination of technology of practical applications of technology currently used in schools. Sharon Tettegah holds faculty appointments in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction and Educational Psychology. She also has appointments with the National Center for Supercomputing Applications and the Beckman Institute at the University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign. Richard C. Hunter is a faculty member, and former chair in the Department of Educational Organization and Leadership in the College of Education at the University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign.
Tineke A. Abma
Telling Tales
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One of the more interesting perspectives for evaluation is 'narrative'. Narratives are the common vehicles people use to understand and to communicate the value of their actions and social practices. Given the valuational and action-oriented character of narrative it seems strange that evaluators have not yet discovered its value. In this volume we, an international and multidisciplinary group of practising evaluators and policy analysts in various policy fields such as mental health, education, social welfare and water management, explore what a narrative perspective can mean for the practice of program evaluation. We do so by showing and telling.
Mathieu Deflem
Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism
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Conferences, lectures, funding opportunities, and publications now all fully embrace terrorism and counter-terrorism as topics worthy of serious reflection and investigation among criminologists. The papers in this volume bring out the distinct contribution criminologists and criminological sociologists have to offer in the study of counter-terrorism from theoretical, methodological, and substantive viewpoints. The discussions of this title include a usefully broad variety of themes, including conceptual and theoretical perspectives in the criminology of terrorism; hate crimes and terrorism; civil liberties and the control of terrorism; terrorism, war and crime; state crime and terrorism; terrorism and transnational crime; the police dimensions of counter-terrorism; terrorism and the (international) court; terrorism and punishment; and, other issues. The specific criminological orientation of the book makes this volume stand out among others. Bringing together distinguished scholars to present these various themes, the volume hopes to bring a comprehensive and insightful state-of-the-art overview of terrorism and counter-terrorism as themes of criminological reflection.
Lee Clarke
Terrorism and Disaster
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The terror attacks of 9.11 signalled that people are increasingly put at risk of not only terrorism but natural and technological disasters as well. Since 9.11 scholars have been asking new questions about catastrophe and made important and interesting innovations in methods, concepts, and theories regarding disaster and terror. This volume brings together a creative set of papers, most of which are about the 9.11 attacks. They draw from several disciplines to address key questions: what lessons does the response to the collapse of the World Trade Center have for disaster planning? what has 9.11 meant for civil liberties in the US? how will survivors react over the long run? and how do we conceptualize panic and mass response?
Terry Nichols Clark
The City as an Entertainment Machine
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People both live and work in cities. And where they choose to live shifts where and how they work. Amenities enter as enticements to bring new residents or tourists to a city. Amenities have thus become new public concerns for many cities in the US and much of Northern Europe. Old ways of thinking, old paradigms - such as "location, location, location" and "land, labour, capital, and management generate economic development" - are too simple. So is "human capital drives development". To these earlier questions, we add: "how do amenities and related consumption attract talented people, who in turn drive the classic processes which make cities grow?" This new question is critical for policy makers. Urban public officials, business, and nonprofit leaders are using culture, entertainment, and urban amenities to (seek to) enhance their locations - for present and future residents, tourists, conventioneers, and shoppers. This volume explores how consumption and entertainment change cities. But it reverses the "normal" causal process. That is, many chapters analyse how consumption and entertainment drive urban development, not vice versa. It details the impacts of opera, used bookstores, brew pubs, bicycle events, Starbucks' coffee shops, gay residents and other factors on changes in jobs, population, inventions, and more. It interprets these processes by showing how they add new insights from economics, sociology, political science, public policy, and geography. Considerable evidence is presented about how consumption, amenities, and culture drive urban policy - by encouraging people to move to or from different cities and regions. The book also explores how different amenities attract the innovative persons who are catalysts in making the modern economy and high tech hum.
Lars Mjøset
The Comparative Study of Conscription in the Armed Forces
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This volume contributes to the comparative study of military conscription. Issues discussed include: a conceptual clarification of conscription as distinguished from volunteerism and militia service; the emergence of the citizen soldier model; patterns of anti-militarism before World War I; conscription in third world armies; gender-issues in relation to military service; the present phenomenon of child soldiers in Africa; the decline of conscript armies in Western Europe. A review section discusses the contribution of rational choice theory to the analysis of conscription into military forces.
Laurel Anne Barfitt
The Contributions of John Lansing Carey to the Profession of Accountancy
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The main purpose of this volume is to organize, examine, and analyze the works of John Lansing Carey, the longest serving chief staff officer of the AICPA. Through his many articles, books, pamphlets, and editorials, he influenced and directed the thoughts of the practitioners of the time. The second purpose is to demonstrate the role of John Lansing Carey as a quiet leader among the accounting professionals and as the glue that held the AICPA together through the numerous and varied administrations. Finally, this volume examines the lasting impression that Carey's writing has made and aims to expand the body of accounting history. A biography of John Lansing Carey, it represents an important chapter in the history of the accounting profession. It organizes, examines and analyzes the works of John L. Carey. It demonstrates the role of John Lansing Carey as a leader among the accounting professionals. It examines the lasting impression that Carey's writing has made.
P. Kurrild-Klitgaard
The Dynamics of Intervention
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Since the works by Ludwig von Mises and F.A. von Hayek in the 1920s, the Austrian School of Economics has developed a unique analysis of how the interventions by governments may cause problems, which in turn may lead to calls for further intervention. The Austrian concept of how such a dynamic of interventionism may evolve has however never been very influential outside the Austrian School nor been widely applied for empirical studies. This volume seeks to bring together economists and political scientists with perspectives from both Austrian and public choice analysis so as to further enrich and apply the Mises-Hayek logic, as well as critically assess its value.
D.S. Salkever
The Economics of Disability
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Three important issues have recently attracted researchers to study the economics of disability. First with the availability of sophisticated "data sets", it has become possible to conduct highly quantative investigations of the relative economic impacts of various types of disabling health problems. Second, the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1991, and the subsequent implementation of its employment provisions, focused national attention on the continuing scarcity of employment opportunities for disabled persons. The tools of analysis that have been developed over the past several decades to study racial and gender discrimination in labor markets are applied in this book to study the experiences of persons with disabilities. Third, the past several decades have witnessed a rapid growth in the public and private costs of disability support programs. Many economists recognize the need to design such programs that would provide continued economic security, without the work disincentives, high budgetary costs, and efficiency losses of existing programs. A major purpose of this volume is to bring together empirical studies dealing with all three of the above issues in a single volume. By doing this we can illustrate the breadth of current research in the field and allow the reader to see the connections and common threads that underlie this scope of concerns and research objectives.
D.E. Marcotte
The Economics of Gender and Mental Illness
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While gender has so often been found to be an important determinant of prevalence and outcomes of mental illness, economists have rarely focused on gender differences as a central element of their analyses. In this volume, we direct the focus of research in the economics of mental health squarely on the topic of gender. Each paper in this volume provides insight into the ways in which women and men are afflicted and affected by mental illness in the labor market. This volume will provide the reader with a richer understanding of prevalence of mental disorders, the educational, employment and earnings impacts of psychiatric disease, and prospects for treating and providing access to health care for the mentally ill.
Solomon W. Polachek
The Economics of Immigration and Social Diversity
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This volume is a collection of papers dedicated to the memory of the late Tikva Lecker. Professor Lecker's many interests included topics in labor economics, women and the economy, the economics of Judaism, the economics of migration and every aspect of the economic experience of immigrants and their descendants. Each chapter in this volume honors the memory of Professor Lecker by presenting research on a topic in which she was especially interested. "The Research in Labor Economics" series was started in 1977. Each volume consists of a collection of refereed research papers written by top economists. Recent volumes have hosted papers from D. Acemoglu, J.D. Angrist, D. Card, H. Farber, A. Kreuger, E. Lazear, G. Field, and J. Mincer, among others.
Kristian Bolin
The Economics of Obesity
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Obesity, which has increased in most developed countries in the past few decades, is the result of genetics, environment, and individual choices. Economics is useful for studying the individual choices that lead to obesity, explanations for the recent rise in obesity, the treatment options for obesity, and the costs and consequences of obesity for the individual and society. The papers in this volume, devoted to the economics of obesity, illustrate the wide usefulness of the economic approach. The papers in the first section propose and test economic explanations for food-consumption choices and obesity. In particular, they assess the impact of food quality, access to fast food, food prices, legislation, and other factors on diet, physical activity, and body weight. Treatments for obesity, specifically bariatric surgery and anti-obesity drugs, are studied in the second section of this volume. The third section is devoted to the labor market impacts of obesity; evidence from fifteen countries is presented and evaluated. The fourth and final section calculates the impact of obesity on hospital costs and examines the externalities imposed by obesity through health insurance. Taken together, the papers in this volume advance the frontier of knowledge about the causes, implications, and consequences of obesity, and validate the usefulness of the economic approach for studying obesity in particular and medical conditions more generally. This book studies obesity from an economic perspective. It proposes economic explanation for food consumption choices, treatment of obesity, and treatment of the condition. It's international in scope, providing evidence from 15 countries.
Andries de Grip
The Economics of Skills Obsolescence
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Increasingly policy makers are focusing on the importance of skills and lifelong learning. The reason for this is that workers with sufficient and up-to-date skills are more productive and have more potential to remain employed. However, the processes that influence skill obsolescence, have largely been neglected in labor economics. It was in the 1990s that skill issues came to the top of the agenda, because of the general awareness of the rapid technological developments that affect the demand for human capital. Although the analysis of skill-biased technological change is at the heart of this debate, in recent years, the literature has become wider than simple consideration of this aspect and has started to embrace other causes of obsolescence. The papers in this volume are selected from the papers presented at a conference on Understanding Skills Obsolescence. They advance both the theoretical and empirical understanding of the causes and the effects of skills obsolescence.
Michael R. Baye
The Economics of the Internet and E-commerce
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The Internet has revolutionized the way consumers and firms interact in the marketplace, and it has dramatically changed the information enjoyed by market participants at various points in the value chain. This volume on the Internet and e-commerce provides academics and practitioners with useful research on the 'glue' that holds the new economy together. The first six chapters of the text examine four broad issues: the role of the Internet in fostering competition, its impact on price dispersion and on business-to-business transactions, and the importance of reputation and trust in the new economy. The last four chapters examine the impact of the Internet on the organization of firms, the efficiency of auctions in the Internet age, how consumers choose websites and acquire product information, and the growing problem of congestion on the Internet. This volume is part of Emerald's "Advances in Applied Microeconomics" series - an annual research volume that seeks to disseminate frontier research well in advance of journals and other outlets.
Neal M. Ashkanasy
The Effect of Affect in Organizational Settings
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The study of emotion and affect on organizational settings has been steadily gaining momentum for much of the last decade. Important catalysts in this process have been the Emonet e-mail discussion group and the biannual International Conferences on Emotions and Organizational Life. The articles in this volume represent a selection of the best papers presented at the fourth Conference (which was conducted in London, England, in June, 2004), together with invited papers by some of the leading scholars in the field. The theme of the book, "the effect of affect in organizations," was chosen to capture the centrality of emotion and affect in everyday organizational life.The opening chapter, co-authored by Howard Weiss, one of the inventors of "Affective Events Theory" (AET), sets the scene. At the heart of AET is the idea that organizational members experience daily hassles and uplifts that are reflected in their attitudes and behaviours. Following chapters flesh out the way that AET can be applied, covering a variety of constructs that relate to organizational life, including emotional intelligence, motivation, employee monitoring of web access, and emotional regulation. Other chapters deal with other aspects of emotion in organizations, such as loneliness, leader-member relationships in teams, organizational justice, negative behaviour, creativity, and organizational reactions to crisis situations. In the final chapter, Rob Briner and his colleagues round out the theme in a critical account of emotion in organizations.
G.T. Vinig
The Emergence of Entrepreneurial Economics
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If entrepreneurship remains as important to the economy as ever, then the continuing failure of mainstream economics to adequately account for entrepreneurship indicates that fundamental principles require re-evaluation. It seems no longer possible to expect that only theoretical refinements and extending known principles can provide for a theory of entrepreneurship. This book contributes to the emergence of the entrepreneurial economics field, or school of thought, in which the study of patterns in the complex, seemingly chaotic and unpredictable process of entrepreneurship and its role in the economy stands central. Its articles provide interesting new ideas and insights on a theory of entrepreneurship in the economy (W.J. Baumol, D.B. Audretsch, A.V. Bhide) in Part One, and interesting recent research on entrepreneurship in Part Two.
P. A. Kroes
The Empirical Turn in the Philosophy of Technology
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The philosophy of technology has been dominated by metaphysical analyses of the "essence" of technology and by moral/critical reflections on the consequences of technology for individual and social forms of life. To develop a more internally oriented philosophy of technology, the authors in this volume believe that an empirical turn is necessary, similar to the turn witnessed in the philosophy of science. In this volume, authors explore the various ways in which empirical data can be used in ontological, epistemological, ethical or more general discussions in the philosophy of technology. All the chapters in the volume therefore contribute to an empirical turn in the philosophy of technology.
Frederick H. Buttel
The Environmental State Under Pressure
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For a long time in industrialized countries the state occupied a comfortable and unquestioned position in dealing with environmental problems. Since the 1960s we have witnessed the rather smooth institutionalization of environmental tasks in state policies and politics, leading to the emergence of the "environmental state". In the 1980s, the ideologies of deregulation and privatization formed the start of the debate on the environmental state and the 1990s left the debate facing new challenges. First, the debate became broader and more sophisticated, moving away from simple deregulation and privatization arguments and toward the issue of political modernization and reinventing government. Second, in addition to the ongoing debate on the environmental state within national boundaries, the processes of and political debates on globalization led to new challenges in the viability of the (nationally ordered) environmental-regulatory state. Third, the debate widened geographically, from Europe and the North American continent to the central and East-European countries undergoing transition away from centrally planned economies with all-dominating states, and to states in the so-called South. Various analytical frameworks and social theories are now being applied to understanding and evaluating the nature of these social processes, transformations and continuities related to the environmental state. This text provides a thorough examination of these issues with particular emphasis on the treadmill-of-production and the ecological modernization perspectives. The volume draws upon case studies and evidence from environmental states in the North American continent, Western Europe, Africa, Southeast and East Asia and Central and Eastern Europe.
John A. Balint
The Ethics of Organ Transplantation
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Since the 1970s, we have witnessed astonishing scientific and technical progress in the field of organ transplantation. Patients who suffer organ failure can now often have their lives greatly improved both in terms of quality and quantity of years. The success of transplantation techniques has created an enormous demand for donor organs. Unfortunately, donor organs are in short supply, relative to the number of patients who could greatly benefit from them. Therefore, donor organs are a scarce and valuable resource that must be thoughtfully and fairly allocated among waiting patients. Not surprisingly, this situation raises many pressing ethical questions, each requiring careful consideration. This volume presents a systematic and balanced treatment of some of the most pressing ethical questions including: what is our ethical obligation to become organ donors and who should be allowed to donate?; to what extent can markets facilitate the fair allocation of organs and how should we most fairly determine who should be recipients?; how do we determine death when the donor is not brain dead?; should non-human donor organs be used to save human lives and should we use organs from anencephalic infants and tissue from embryos? ; and what is the role of the news media in covering stories about organ transplantation? Many of the leading authorities in medical ethics come together in this volume to develop extensive analyses and arguments. The reader is provided with a sound understanding of the ethical, as well as many of the broader issues in organ donation and transplantation.
Marina Bianchi
The Evolution of Consumption
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The theory of consumer choice fills the opening chapters of any micro-economic textbook. Yet, surprisingly, this position of privilege has not translated into a flourishing of economic research that is comparable to what has happened in other branches of economic reasoning. Starting with Menger, the Austrian economic tradition has always shifted the focus of attention from the problem of equilibrium to that of social order, to the evolution of norms, institutions and practices that favor social cooperation and coordination. Within this tradition competition and markets are not viewed as states, but as processes in which change and errors occur and efficiency is reached but also easily lost. The real economic problem becomes a problem of knowledge how it is discovered, how it is transmitted. Consumer's interactions and choices and actual consumption practices play an important role in these evolving forms of sociality. And it is within this framework that allows for experimentation and learning, that they should be studied. This title is part of the "Advances in Austrian Economics" series. It contains a collection of high-level papers on the evolution of consumption.
Mansour Javidan
The Global Mindset
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In his best selling book "The World is Flat", Friedman (2005) argues that many more countries and companies now compete in global markets than ever before. The effects of globalization are pervasive and are leading to the emergence of new social, political and business models. This flattening of the world represents a fundamental change and requires that managers of organizations throughout the world develop and use a global mindset. A global mindset is 'a set of individual attributes that enable an individual to influence individuals, groups, and organizations from diverse socio/cultural/institutional systems'. The importance of this global mindset suggests that we need to better understand both its theoretical base and its practical relevance. The purpose of this book is to explore the content of a global mindset, how it is developed, when and how it should be applied, and what its consequences are. Therefore, a new source of competitive advantage is emerging: the ability to integrate players from many parts of the world faster and more effectively than others. The challenge to global corporations is increasingly to create seamless globally integrated systems to satisfy diverse customer needs in diverse global markets. Corporations ability to create globally integrated systems depends to a large extent on their success in getting their employees, managers, and executives to understand and adapt to a flat world. Thus, the new competitive advantage of global corporations lies in their ability to shape the minds and actions of their employees to ensure successful performance. The contributions in this volume suggest that the concept of global mindset represents an important competitive tool for today's managers. Corporate leaders are advised to develop, exhibit and act with a global mindset in order for their firms to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage in international markets. Without such a mindset, such firms are likely to encounter better prepared and more knowledgeable global competitors, thereby threatening their very survival. This work gives a detailed account of the global mindset as an important competitive tool. It is international in scope and is edited by field leaders. This book series is available electronically at website.
Vincent Willem Buskens
The Governance of Relations in Markets and Organizations
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Transactions often differ on important dimensions from spot exchanges on perfect neo-classical markets. Information is seldom complete and instantaneous exchange is just as rare as full competition. The authors in this volume extend the standard economic model stressing the proposition that the social context is an important determinant of the governance of transactions. To foster the development of a body of cumulative knowledge in the new economic sociology, this approach is consistently applied to a diversity of topics including purchase relations, strategic alliances, and relations among lawyers and clients as well as employers and employees. This volume is divided in three parts. The first part surveys purposive behaviour models in research on governance as well as theoretical work extending these models. The contributions in the second and third part all have an empirical component and deal with governance in the various phases of exchange relations: search and selection, negotiating and contracting, contract execution and performance, and conflict regulation. The second part focuses on governance in markets, while the third part discusses governance in organizations.
Paul Zarembka
The Hidden History of 9-11-2001
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This important volume brings together rigorous scholarship on the events of 9-11-2001, and assesses whether the truth has been told by the U.S. government. The lead chapter shows that eleven of FBI-named Arabic hijackers could not have been on the planes, while the Dulles airport videotape - essentially being the case that hijackers boarded flights - has very serious authentication problems. The next three chapters examine insider trading beforehand and the 9-11 flights themselves, then the evidence - based partly upon newly-released reports of more than 500 firefighters - permitting a conclusion that three buildings in the WTC complex were brought down by demolition, followed by discussion of scheduled military drills which confused standard operating procedures, and concluding with a surprising connection to the death of Senator Wellstone, leading critique of the Bush administration. The third part opens with a chapter examining the connection between Al-Qaeda and Western covert operations, showing how Al-Qaeda is inseparably connected to the latter. The following chapter shows that Machiavellian state terrorism is rather common and not at all unlikely for 9-11, while the following examines how the 9-11 Commission wrote its own history, rather than reporting and analyzing true history. The rise of Islamophobia as an ideological force to sustain U.S. imperialism is then introduced. The final chapter, while not explicit, offers a possible connection to the process of undermining pensions in the U.K. The volume can be seen as a definitive, scholarly explanation of 9-11 as a world-changing event.
David P. Baker
The Impact of Comparative Education Research on Institutional Theory
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This volume of "International Perspectives on Education and Society" explores how educational research from a comparative perspective has been instrumental in broadening and testing hypotheses from institutional theory. Institutional theory has also played an increasingly influential role in developing an understanding of education in society. This symbiotic relationship has proven intellectually productive. In light of the impact that comparative education research has had on institutional theory, the chapters in this volume ask where the comparative and international study of education as an institution is heading in the 21st century. Chapters range from theoretical discussions of the impact that comparative research has had on institutional theory to highly empirical comparative scholarship that tests basic institutional assumptions and trends. Two pioneers in the field, John W. Meyer and Francisco O. Ramirez, contribute the Forward and the concluding chapter. In addition to the editors, other contributors to this volume include M. Fernanda Astiz, Janice Aurini, Jason Beech, Edward F. Bodine, Karen Bradley, Claudia Buchmann, Scott Davies, Gili S. Drori, David H. Kamens, Jong-Seon Kim, Hyeyoung Moon, Hyunjoon Park, Emilio A. Parrado, Lauren Rauscher, John G. Richardson, David F. Suarez, and Regina E. Werum.
Metta Spencer
The Lessons of Yugoslavia
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In 1997, Science for Peace invited experts on Yugoslavia to Toronto for a conference to discuss the lessons learnt from the Yugoslav conflict and eventual break-up of the former country. Although each expert addressed a specific range of problems, there was also a surprising degree of consensus. Before this book was ready for publication, war broke out in Kosovo and therefore additional papers were invited to analyse the Kosovan conflict. The resulting review of the Yugoslav tragedy is a comprehensive one, representing a variety of perspectives.
Nigel Campbell
The Managerial Process and Impact of Foreign Investment in Greater China
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The 6th volume of Advances in Chinese Industrial Services, focuses on “The Managerial Process and Impact of Foreign Investment in Greater China”
F.J. Yammarino
The Many Faces Of Multi-Level Issues
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This title is part of a series that aims to present timely, scholarly work on multiple levels of analysis, multi-level theory, research, and methods. The focus is on 'critical essays', theoretical work, empirical studies, methodological developments, analytical techniques, and philosophical treatments.
P. Ingram
The New Institutionalism in Strategic Management
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These papers explore the contemporary strategic management field. They examine how firms behave, why they are different, what limits their scope and what determines success and failure in international competition.
C.C. Brunner
The New Superintendency
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Contemporary reform initiatives in public education have included concerns with large scale, systemic reform in which the superintendent was a pivotal player. Yet much of the research attention is focused on the principalship or on state-level policymaking. This volume attempts to correct this lack of attention on the superintendency by stimulating conversations about new ways to conceive of the role. The empirical and conceptual analyses reported in this book are outcomes of the UCEA Joint Program Center for the Study of the Superintendency. The chapters report on studies that focus on the issues of recruitment, diversity, district/community relations, power and politics, and transformation. This annual review is designed to provide a forum for empirical and conceptual investigations of organizational behaviour in schools and school districts, as well as their institutional environments. Specifically, the review attempts to inform educational management and policy by integrating perspectives from sociology, psychology, economics, political science, and management.
William R. Freudenburg
The Organizational Response to Social Problems
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From the de-institutionalization of psychiatric hospitals to the privatization of prisons, the dramatic public policy changes of the last three decades have been, to a large extent, changes in organization. The chapters in this volume examine these organizational changes. We learn how organizations shift strategies, create alliances, cross boundaries and react to incentives as they respond to changing environmental pressures. We learn about the complex relationships between organizations and their clients and how these relations can be altered in response to environmental change. Chapters in the first section focus primarily on inter-organizational relations among health care and community development organizations. Chapters in the second section focus primarily on relations between organizations and their clients, both in medical organizations and in the criminal justice system.
Stuart S. Nagel
The Policy Implementation Process in Developing Nations
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This volume is part of the policy studies organization comprehensive multi-volume treatise on policy studies and developing nations. It focuses on the policy implementation process in developing nations. The major concern is to better understand how political and administrative institutions of particular countries effect their domestic policy implementation process.
R. Hooley
The Post Financial Crisis Challenges for Asian Industrialization
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This volume features an in-depth analysis of the Asian financial crisis and its impacts on the economies of the region by thirty-five scholars and professionals working in the area. The volume contains a detailed analysis of the root causes of the crisis. Some of the authors pursue their analysis with a quantitative approach while others utilize a more qualitative approach. Attention is also directed to the impact of the crisis on international trade and finance. Much of the discussion of this topic focuses on the impact of the crisis on the structure and volume of trade, and on the rise in the number of trade disputes. The impact of these developments on intra- and inter-regional capital flows is also treated. The contribution of APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) is assessed. Likewise, the emergence of new trends in the shape of regional monetary policies is also given attention. A special feature of the volume is the assessment of the impact of these developments on China's economy, the inflation rate and its international financial posture. Finally, the effect of recent events on industrial organization particularly with regard to the chaebols in Korea and the keiretsu in Japan is discussed, along with an assessment of the prospects for successful reform of the East Asian system of conglomerates.
H. Peter Gray
The Quest for Exchange Rate Stability in the Next Millennium
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This book contains a collection of chapters discussing the issues involved in establishing a stable global exchange rate system. In doing so, the authors review the advantages and disadvantages of the various exchange rate regimes used throughout the world during the last fifty years, analyze the role of exchange rate systems in recent international financial crises and explore the probability of constructing a stable global arrangement in the next century.
Giancarlo Giudici
The Rise and Fall of Europe's New Stock Markets
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The advent of new stock markets (the German Neuer Markt, the French Nouveau Marche, the Italian Nuovo Mercato and Nasdaq Europe) has been one of the most important reforms of stock exchanges in Continental Europe in the 1990s. These stock markets aimed at attracting early stage, innovative and high-growth firms that would not have been viable candidates for public equity financing on the main markets of European stock exchanges. Of these new markets, the Neuer Markt emerged as Europe's answer to NASDAQ. However, Europe's new stock markets met with only limited success. Stock prices plummeted after the ending of the stock market bubble and new markets suffered from poor liquidity, insider trading scandals and accounting frauds. This volume provides an overview of the rise and fall of Europe's new stock markets. It contains twelve papers which investigate the characteristics, the ownership structure and the market performance of companies in the short and long run. In addition this volume examines the role of venture capitalists. New stock markets offered venture capitalists an attractive exit for their investments and helped to create a more vibrant venture capital industry in Europe. The private equity market in Europe today is as large as it was just before the advent of new stock markets. As such, the need for stock markets that allow private equity investors to divest their equity stakes in growth companies continues to exist.
James W. Ness
The Science and Simulation of Human Performance
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Simulations are often used in the military and other performance-critical fields (e.g., law enforcement, aviation, emergency management) to assess readiness, to support training, management, and decision making and to conduct mission rehearsal. This volume documents the state of the art and presents a state of the possible individual and small unit human performance research and simulation. Distinguished scientists from within the military, academe, government and private industry consider how best to gather and relate human performance data, and offer specific recommendations to advance the development of models and simulations of individual and small unit behavior. The result is a uniquely interdisciplinary volume that draws upon the knowledge and experience of recognized experts whose insights converge upon problems of common interest and relevance to researchers, analysts, and developers.
Martin Ruef
The Sociology of Entrepreneurship
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This volume takes stock of entrepreneurship research within organizational sociology, critically examining the theoretical presuppositions of the field and situating extant research within the sociological canon. The contributors to this volume exemplify how the disciplinary lens of sociology provides a systematic foundation to understand the context, process, and effects of entrepreneurial activity. Topics explored include entry into entrepreneurship, immigrant entrepreneurship and enclaves, academic entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurialism related to new organizational forms. The breadth and depth of the research offered by the esteemed scholars that have contributed to this volume highlight the progressive nature of sociological research on entrepreneurship. Taken as a whole, the volume points the way towards a more comprehensive framework for the development of the sociology of entrepreneurship. "Research in the Sociology of Organizations" is an international series. It is especially concerned with specifying the unique contributions of sociological theories and research techniques to the analysis of organizations. Each volume aims to foster debate and dialogue about the value of new theories and research to the field of organizational sociology as well as the growing international community of organizational scholars.
David B. Bills
The Sociology of Job Training
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How workers learn how to do their jobs is central to an understanding of the changing nature of work in post-industrial society. The role of job or worker training has, however, been underdeveloped in sociological theories of work and the labor market. By most accounts, the ongoing penetration of information technology into the workplace, a transformed socioeconomic lifecourse, managerial preferences for high performance organizations, and the globalization of labour markets have collectively rendered traditional models of skill acquisition badly outmoded. This volume offers sophisticated sociological analyses of job training that go well beyond standard accounts of general versus specific skills and overly simple assumptions about employer and worker behaviour. The chapters examine such topics as the incentives available to employers to provide training, socially structured inequalities in access to training, and cross-societal differences in training institutions. They break new ground in investigating the content of job training as well as its incidence and duration. The contributors to the volume bring to bear both qualitative case study and quantitative research to explore the emerging role of training in post-industrial labor markets.
Steven P. Vallas
The Transformation of Work
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Analysts are generally agreed - dramatic changes are unfolding in the character of work, managerial authority, and the employment relationship. However, there is little agreement as to precisely how such changes are reshaping people's working lives, the nature of their careers, and the distribution of opportunity among members of different classes, genders, and ethnic groups. Confronting these issues head on, this text focuses on a series of critical questions concerned with the restructuring of work under capitalism at the beginning of the 21st century. The papers collected here address a wide array of workplace settings, from traditional manufacturing settings to "knowledge work" in high tech and university contexts. The volume devotes attention to the impact of production concepts in various national settings, ranging from Germany to Mexico and Australia. Among other themes, the volume also examines the linkage between gender inequality and efforts to establish innovative, "flexible" forms of work organization.
Nancy C. Roberts
The Transformative Power of Dialogue
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Dialogue has a long lineage but a relatively recent research tradition. The goal of this volume is to elevate dialogue onto the research agenda by addressing such questions as: how can we make dialogue actionable and effective in organizational practice? How can dialogue inform decision making in a particular problem domain or community of interest when multiple people, groups, and organizations are involved? How can dialogue be utilized to build more vibrant, democratic communities? To what extent can the Internet and new information technology support the dialogical process? How can we describe the relational field that dialogue creates and build a theory of social communication and information processing that explains the organization and dynamics of dialogue, and its implications for psychosocial function? The volume addresses these questions in four sections: the foundations, perspectives, practice and theory of dialogue. By design, the contributors draw from wide-ranging philosophical and disciplinary traditions: anthropology, communication, information, management, neuro-psychology, organization theory, philosophy, psychology, political science, public policy, quantum physics, and sociology. As dialogue attempts to break down the barriers among people, the authors defend a more robust understanding of dialogue that requires scholars and practitioners to move beyond the confines of one academic tradition and to study it in a more comprehensive and integrated way. The disciplinary reach of this title should attract scholars and practitioners interested in the general area of dialogue and communication, as well as related topics such as collaboration, public engagement, citizen participation, deliberative democracy, stakeholder relations, networks, interorganizational relationships, and community building.
David P. Baker
The Worldwide Transformation of Higher Education
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Higher education worldwide, including the university and other related academic programs, is currently undergoing intensive change and transformation perhaps as no other time in its long history. One factor contributing to this rapid transformation is the global expansion of higher education at unprecedented rates. More of the world's population is continuing to higher education (and other forms of tertiary education) now than ever before. In fact, enrollment in institutions of higher education around the world is growing at a rapid rate. Some scholars have suggested that one reason for this rapid expansion is that the role of higher education has shifted over the last 50 years from an elite to a mass institution. As a result of this rapid expansion and shift in focus, the nature of students, faculty, the curriculum, and assessment is changing within the institution. And in society, the value of higher education and its impact on socioeconomic status, human capital, and technical innovation is changing as well. As a whole, the chapters in this volume in the "International Perspectives on Education and Society" series present a thoughtful discussion of the worldwide transformation of higher education from multiple perspectives. Contributors include Gaele Goastellec, David Turner, John C. Weidman, Adiya Enkhjargal, Christine Min Wotipka, Francisco O. Ramirez, Karin Amos, Lucia Bruno, Marcelo Parreira do Amaral, Mark S. Johnson, Christopher Collins, Robert A. Rhoads, Sunwoong Kim, Jun Li, Jing Lin, Chuing Prudence Chou, Philip G. Altbach, and Patti McGill Peterson.
Betty A. Dobratz
Theoretical Directions in Political Sociology for the 21st Century
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The theoretical frameworks political sociologists use to understand, describe and predict political behaviour have evolved since the 1980s in response to empirical challenges and interdisciplinary influences. The diverse collection of work contained in this volume also suggests that present and projected theoretical trends will continue to be shaped by previous questions and past debates. Contributions to the volume reflect the influence of globalization and the rising interest in nationalism, whilst also including examinations of class, elite and world systems theory in response to questions posed in the age of post-modernity. The authors also consider the continued need for an integration of class, race and gender in theoretical approaches. The questions raised in this volume are not only relevant to political sociology, but also to the discipline of sociology as a whole. The blend of classical sociological tradition with contemporary thought should prompt readers to critically evaluate theoretical assumptions and expand their current thinking.
Jagdish N. Sheth
Theoretical Foundations in Marketing Ethics
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This is the 15th volume in a series of studies on research in marketing.
Michael A. Hitt
Theories of the Multinational Enterprise
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The early research on multinational enterprises usually relied on traditional economic theory or relatively simple but powerful theories developed in the field of international business. They were developed to help us understand why firms entered international markets. However, as the field of international management has developed further, with more scholars from adjacent disciplines conducting research on issues of importance to international markets and multinational firms, newer, more diverse and complex theoretical perspectives have been developed. The present volume involves a series of invited papers focused partly on Professor Dozs recent work and on other newer and important theoretical perspectives on the multinational enterprise. These works are authored by a number of top scholars in the field from North America and Europe. The intent of this volume is to highlight and emphasize the new and diverse theoretical foci in this field (e.g., management of large groups in emerging markets, international entrepreneurship and the liabilities of foreignness) and serve as a catalyst to the increasingly important research, designed to help us understand and build a theory of the multinational firm. The book is divided into three parts, with the first focused on the new and visible theory of the metanational firm by Yves Doz and comments on this work and Yves Dozs broader contributions to the field by three top scholars in the international management field. The second part contains two works that examine the evolving nature of theory on the multinational firm in international management research. The third part contains five papers that present diverse yet highly important theoretical perspectives on the multinational enterprise. This work provides a base upon which future excellent research in the field of international management will be advanced.
Paula C. Morrow
Theory and Measurement of Work Commitment
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This is the 15th volume in a series of monographs whose main topic of concern is that of organizational behaviour and industrial relations. This volume deals with the theory and management of work commitment.
Stuart Reifel
Theory and Practice in Early Childhood Teaching
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This annual series is designed to provide an academic forum for the publication of original research, critical reviews and conceptual analyses of theoretical and substantive issues related to the education, care and development of young children. The series is intended to stimulate research and to enhance communication among scholars in early childhood education, child development, social work, public administration and related fields. This volume reflects debates in the field about the relative weight given to disciplines in a field acknowledged to be interdisciplinary. It seeks to reflect the complexity of the early childhood education enterprise - classroom practice, teacher preparation, research and conceptualization in all its phases. It also reflects the deep scholarly roots that contribute to our thinking and that may link our thinking with practice. This book is intended for a broad audience of researchers, teacher educator and pre- and in-service teachers. Its purpose is to define prevailing orientations and to solidify significant issues distilled from a broad body of literature.
Jonathan H. Turner
Theory and Research on Human Emotions
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The sociology of emotions is now at the forefront of micro social theory and research; and increasingly, the dynamics of emotions are seen as one of the ways to link micro to macro-level social processes. For in the end, what drives people to create social structures and to maintain commitments to these structures is emotion. The papers in this volume represent a broad array of approaches to the analysis of emotions. Some come from well established traditions in social psychology and micro sociology traditions such as symbolic interactionism, expectation states research, interaction ritual theory, and power-status theory. Others come from more macro-oriented theorizing in Europe; another set comes from meso-level analysis of organizational structures; and still others come from the opposite end of the intellectual continuum and explore the physiology and evolution of emotions. The goal of the volume is to sample the range of work in an area that did not exist three decades ago in sociology and to see the theoretical and research programs that sociological theorists and researchers on emotions are pursuing. The sociology of emotions is now a broad-based intellectual movement, with the result that no one volume can fully capture the diversity of work being performed by sociologists. Still, this volume attempts to provide readers with a review of some of the more creative work on emotional dynamics in human groupings.
J. Maguire
Theory, Sport and Society
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Intended as a resource for students and researchers alike, this volume is a collection of 16 papers that span past, present and future approaches to the sociological study of sport. It includes both a selection of the "founding" theorists whose work remains so pertinent to seeing sport sociologically, as well as from more contemporary and interdisciplinary perspectives. The contributors include a range of experienced and young scholars in the field.
Harry K. Schwarzweller
Third World Contexts
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With an annual output, Research in Rural Sociology and Development, publishes scholarly content at the cutting edge of rural sociology. Addressing issues such as rural development and growth, globalization, labour relations, agrarian dynamics, and social and personal implications of rural and agricultural change, this series provides in-depth and up to date research on the local and global systems affecting rural dynamics.
Felix M. Berardo
Through the Eyes of the Child
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Contemporary Perspectives in Family Research (CPFR) provides a forum for the very latest in family research; examining family structures, behaviours, and relationships from a variety of theoretical, methodological, and disciplinary viewpoints.
Published annually, each volume focuses upon a ‘hot topic’ at the leading edge of family research, providing in-depth coverage from expert authors. Previous volumes have covered issues such as economic stress, family relations in the 21st Century, and parent-child relations in later life. Each annual volume recognizes the mainstream of family research topics and provides detailed investigations within those topics. In addition, each annual volume honours the internationalization of family research, and provides perspectives on each topic from a truly cross-cultural point of view.
Waymond Rodgers
Throughput Modeling
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This book seeks to offer a fresh perspective on viewing decision making in a modelling form. This modelling perspective is designated a throughput model since it examines an intermediary stage as well as captures parallel processing (as opposed to serial processing). The throughput model depicts the four most important highly significant concepts that portray individuals' decision making processes. Namely, information and the cognitive processes of perception, judgement and decision choice. The philosophical influences such as Kant's, Descartes' and Locke's are discussed in that they help to motivate the understanding of the throughput model. Further, the model not only offers philosophical, psychological and economic foundations, but also forms the basis for accounting and financial information processing. This book is geared to students of accounting, finance, organizational behavior and psychology. Also, certain sections of this text are directed to business people which can assist them in structuring their decision making process.
Sandra Lee Browning
Till Death Do Us Part
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This work assembles a group of international scholars to address issues on marriage and the state, motivations to marry, partner selections, marriage ceremonies, religion, kinship ties and marriage, sexual interaction and marriage, and divorce.
Sally Blount
Time in Groups
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Human experience can only be understood across the landscape of time. Yet organizational and groups research has traditionally paid little attention to time as a construct. Over the last 15 years, several authors have begun to study different aspects of group temporality, but these contributions have been published in disparate books and journals. As a result, no integrated set of readings or unified perspectives has emerged, and little research impact has been realized. The goal of this volume is to consolidate, integrate, and build upon existing research to create a framework for studying group temporality. The book approaches group temporality through four lenses: 1. The study of how group processes, such as relationship and trust building, information exchange, consensus building and performance, evolve over time 2.The study of how group members internally synchronize their activities over time and align them to meet the temporal demands of a group's constituents 3. The study of how time pressure affects members' cognitive functioning, interactions, and task performance 4. The study of how organizational context directs the nature of group temporality - both enhancing and impeding group flow. Together, the twelve chapters, authored by 27 leading groups scholars, lead the way in solidifying current understanding and highlighting critical new research directions
Matthew Anderson
Toward a Critique of Guilt
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This special volume of "Studies in Law, Politics, and Society" takes up a subject of an enormous import for law and legal scholarship, Guilt. At the center of our belief in law is the hope and expectation that law can differentiate the guilty from the innocent. But as the articles in this volume show law's relationship to guilt is more complex and vexed than that. Law constitutes us as guilty subjects and law itself is a guilty subject. The articles in this volume explore law's guilt about literature, various domains in which bodies of guilt appear, and historical perspectives on the subject of guilt. Taken together they exemplify the way interdisciplinary scholarship opens up new questions and new avenues of inquiry about the social and cultural life of law.
Harris Sondak
Toward Phenomenology of Groups and Group Membership
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The papers in this volume were presented in May 2000, at a conference held at Stanford University's Graduate School of Business. The purpose of the conference was to explore individual motivation and sensemaking in the context of group membership. This volume presents the papers discussed at that conference, and brings attention to the problem of understanding how group members understand their own experience in their groups. In creating both individual and shared understandings of group membership, group members reflect on their participation in the group, the group process, group outcomes, the group itself, and the organization in which the group is embedded. The papers in this volume address a variety of topics including the use of methods from phenomenological psychology; how individuals choose which groups to join, and how they develop a sense that they belong to one or another group; groups' orientations toward learning, pacing, and time; and familiarity, trust, perspective taking, and intergroup relations. The research presented in these papers employs diverse methods including qualitative field studies, laboratory experiments, and the use of archival data. Some of the papers presented here are more directly phenomenological than others. Even the chapters whose methods are furthest from a typical phenomenological approach, however, provide interesting insights into how individuals experience and make sense of group membership.
D. Bromley
Toward Reflexive Ethnography
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Religion and the Social Order
Arch G. Woodside
Training Exercises for Improving Sensemaking Skills
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This book deals with the process of improving our sensemaking capabilities into how to: scan environments actively to gather data that is relevant to pressing issues; interpret usefully what we see - including recognizing and framing problems/opportunities and skills in transforming data into information; make effective decisions - including creating useful rules for deciding how to decide, and how to talk with ourselves and others to receive and offer useful information, make wise choices, and implement decisions well; and evaluate well what we have done and what has occurred. These four topics are the activities of sensemaking - an ongoing conversation with yourself and others about what is really happening and why it is occurring. Sensemaking involves placing stimuli into some kind of framework that is understandable to ourselves. Usually sensemaking is done automatically - unconsciously - without thinking actively about the usefulness or accuracy of our frames, or the process being used in our framing. However, sensemaking can be done consciously, that is, using controlled thinking instead of the usual automatic thinking processes. The contributions in this volume offer skill-building case exercises that are written to help you improve your sensemaking abilities.
Candace Jones
Transformation in Cultural Industries
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The cultural industries have been considered unique and out of the mainstream, not a subject for developing general theory, and therefore relatively understudied by organizational scholars. We argue it is no longer the case that cultural industries are so unique representing small markets and industries of little matter to research in the sociology of organizations. Cultural industries are now one of the fastest growing and most vital sectors in the U.S. and global economies (U.S. Census Reports, 2000). This growth is fueled in large part by the nature of the symbolic, creative, and knowledge-based assets of cultural industries. In this volume, the manuscripts recognize that the functions of the symbolic, creative, and knowledge-based assets of cultural industries are also characteristic of the professional services and other industries as well. The manuscripts illustrate how the boundaries become blurred between cultural and other related industries that also rest upon the endeavors of and knowledge of creative workers. These dynamic interactions in the commercial landscape between the cultural, professional services, and other industries provide a richer context for the authors in this volume to examine changes in a specific market or industry, and also to advance our understanding of the institutional transformation of organizations.
Paul Zarembka
Transitions in Latin America and in Poland and Syria
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The research is founded on analyzing society in a manner consistent with classical Marxism. International in scope, the annual volumes deal primarily with economic and political issues and the unity between them. Both theoretical and empirical works are included. While published papers must be appropriate for developing class analysis of society, they need not be explicitly Marxist. The 24th volume in the series focuses on Latin America. This book series is available electronically at website.
Kevin Young
Tribal Play
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Traceable as far back as the work of the path-breaking Chicago School of Sociology in the 1920s and 1930s, subculture and counterculture have long been conceptual staples of the discipline. Implemented originally to designate and describe smaller, often deviant or delinquent, groups within larger social communities, the terms gained pace in their use in mid-twentieth century criminological research, and especially with the development of Cultural Studies in the United Kingdom in the 1970s, where they became widely used to describe processes of social class-based opposition, resistance and protest. More recently, sociologists have moved beyond a strict conformity-resistance model in accounting for the behaviour of sub-communities that coalesce around particular values, behaviours, or preferences.Indeed, contemporary sociological research has raised the possibility that the term subculture in particular may have entirely outgrown its usefulness. While the term counterculture has also languished, there is no doubt that the sorts of social groups to which these terms have historically referred are more extensive and colourful than ever. Certainly this is the case in sport. Put simply, all societies are replete with their own versions of Tribal Play which encompass and represent wider social patterns, processes, and struggles.This volume is a collection of 16 readings on aspects of sub-community life in sport that showcases the breadth and depth of sport subcultural research by a group of international scholars representing varied theoretical and methodological orientations. Some of the sport communities examined include soccer hooligans, endurance athletes, disabled athletes, environmentally conscious surfers, and X-Games participants.This fourth volume in the "Research in the Sociology of Sport" series is edited by two sociologists whose academic training, research and teaching span three of the subdisciplines in which the concepts of subculture and counterculture have been most avidly used and critically tested (Criminology/Youth/Sport), and whose subcultural ventures both in sport and as sociologists are extensive. Michael Atkinson is Senior Lecturer in the School of Sport and Exercise Sciences at Loughborough University in the UK, and Kevin Young is Professor of Sociology at the University of Calgary, Canada.
Warren J. Samuels
Twentieth-Century Economics
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The archival collection has two parts. The first presents correspondence between the American economist, Alfred S. Eichner, and the English economist, Joan Robinson, and related documents. The correspondents were major contributors to Post Keynesian economics in terms of both ideas and creating self-consciousness. The second presents hitherto unpublished correspondence and documents pertaining to the nature, rise and limits of quantitative methodology in economics. The materials are from Wesley C. Mitchell, Henry Schultz, and Arthur F. Burns. They examine many issues that remain in contention today.
C. Shawn Burke
Understanding Adaptability
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Adaptability is becoming a hallmark of effective performance at all levels and types of organizations. As complexity rises within the internal and external environments that organizations operate within it is no longer acceptable to be able to perform well when things go as expected; instead individuals, teams, and organizations must be able to continuously adapt their knowledge and skills in order to remain competitive in environments which are fluid, often ambiguous, and where multiple pathways to goal attainment exist. Thus, this volume takes a multi-disciplinary approach to increasing our understanding of adaptability within complex environments by integrating cutting-edge work done by experts in the field and compiling it in one volume. Specifically, the volume takes a systems approach in that chapters describe the manifestation and antecedents of adaptability at individual, team, and organizational levels. In addition, the volume presents work on the importance of cultural adaptability, visualization requirements, measurement approaches, training strategies, and selection for adaptive performance.
Rodney T. Ogawa
Understanding Schools as Intelligent Systems
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This volume focuses on organizational learning in schools and school systems. The compilation of studies reported in the volume range from developing intellectual capacities in individuals and teams to building intellectual capacity at the school and district levels. The volume also examines the effects of organizational learning in these settings.
Gary D. Libecap
University Entrepreneurship and Technology Transfer
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This volume of 12 chapters contains some of the latest research on university-based technology transfer, intellectual property issues, and the entrepreneurship program/technology transfer interface. Eleven of the papers are from the Colloquium on Entrepreneurship Education and Technology Transfer held at the White Stallion Ranch, Tucson, Arizona, January 21-23, 2005, organized by the Karl Eller Center, University of Arizona, and funded by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation of Kansas City. Patterns of technology transfer are outlined in papers by Donald Siegel, Phillip Phan, David Mowery, and David Audretsch, Max Keilbach, and Erik Lehmann. They describe the determinants of technology transfer, its impact, and challenges within a university setting. The history of university licensing activity is provided. Intellectual property issues and questions of the relationship between traditional basic university research and applied, potentially commercial research are described in papers by Katherine Strandburg, David Adelman, and Brett Frischmann. The ineffectiveness of university blocking patents in certain areas of the biosciences is discussed, along with broader questions of licensing and ownership. Interdisciplinary university entrepreneurship programs are outlined in papers by Jerry Thursby, Marie Thursby, Thomas Byers and Andrew Nelson, and Arthur Boni and S. Thomas Emerson. The authors detail the approaches taken at four universities to link entrepreneurship programs to technology transfer and technology transfer offices. The insights for adoption elsewhere are valuable. The final chapter by Morton Kamien is an essay on the characteristics and importance of entrepreneurs in the growth of a society.
Helena Lopata
Unusual Occupations and Unusually Organized Occupations
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This volume contains in-depth or comparative case studies of specific occupations in America and other countries. The special emphasis of this collection is upon unusual occupations and unusually organized occupations. Through the focus on the unusual, our volume brings into focus the usual taken-for-grantedness of the occupational world, which is typically seen only from the focus on prestigious professions. Included are analyses of tattoo artists, exotic dancers, sex workers, correctional officers, catholic liturgists, marginalized computer workers, university professors in foreign military extension programs, product protectors, traveling nurses and clerical temporary workers. The audience for this book includes university students and faculty.
Ray Hutchinson
Urban Sociology in Transition
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This volume is divided into two sections, the first presenting work by urban ecologists, the second presenting work by persons working within the broad contours of the new urban sociology. Each section contains chapters written by well-known scholars as well as promising young authors. The resulting essays allow not only a comparison of theoretical perspectives but also of the ways in which proponents of each perspective see the field developing in the future. The final section of the volume includes an article by William Flanagan, author of "Urban Sociology: Images and Structure", the only textbook in urban sociology which makes an effort to systematically incorporate both the structural (new urban sociology) and cultural (human ecology) approaches in the field.
Anthony J. Cataldo II
US Individual Federal Income Taxation
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This is a monograph that examines US individual federal income taxation. It is suitable for academics, graduate students, and those interested in tax policy and the historical evolution of contemporary individual federal income tax issues.
Marc J. Epstein
Usefulness of Corporate Annual Reports to Shareholders in Australia, New Zealand and the United States
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This volume covers such topics as prior evidence on corporate annual reports, research methodology and the demographics of the corporate shareholder, investors' investment objectives and their information sources, and the readership and usefulness of corporate financial statements.
Barbara Altman
Using Survey Data to Study Disability
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The 1994-95 Disability Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS-D) sponsored by the US Department of Health and Human Services provided a rich resource for the quantitative studies included in this volume. Nationally-epresentative surveys that focus on collecting more in depth information about persons with disabilities are rare, therefore these studies are unusual in the level of data they include and the important insights into disability issues that they provide. These come at a time when much more information about the experiences of disability is needed to inform policy and evaluate programmatic changes. The first paper of the volume discusses in detail the genesis and methodology of the NHIS-D. This volume contains a variety of different types of papers that add not only to our information about persons with disabilities, but also serve as a useful guide to using this extensive data set to address the numerous questions about this population. In the first section, two papers describing methodological issues in using the NHIS-D are described. This section includes a paper on response patterns and another on a strategy to overcome the problem of missing data. The next section contains three papers that use the NHIS-D to develop a variety of operational definitions of disability and then use those operational definitions to describe specific aspects of disability, including aging, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and intellectual and developmental disabilities. The third section uses the NHIS-D to identify limitations and barriers experienced by persons with disabilities. Included in this group of papers are topics addressing barriers to work , mobility limitations and health care services, and unmet needs for support services among children.
Jere E. Brophy
Using Video in Teacher Education
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This book features contribution from people who have developed and used video in teacher education. The focus is on video as opposed to other technology (e-mail, etc.) and its use in teacher education. The video can be stored on videotapes, CD-Rom, DVD, or computer drives, and it can be used in either preservice or inservice teacher education/professional development programs. Contributors explain the nature of the video they use in their teacher education programs or courses and talk about how they use it, focusing in particular on principles for: making the videos (decisions about how and what to capture on video, the degree to which the teaching should be scripted, whether it should be shown uninterrupted or segmented and edited, and so on), and principles for using the video in the teacher education program (why and how it is used at what points in the program, how viewings are structured and scaffolded by the teacher educator, and so on).
J. Jay Choi
Value Creation in Multinational Enterprise
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The papers in this volume of "International Finance Review" provide a reflection on the role of international finance - and its relationship to strategy, economics, political science and public policy - in examining value creation in multinational enterprise. These are 22 original papers submitted specifically for this volume based on its theme. The papers present a breadth of methodologies, including theoretical, empirical, conceptual, and case study approaches. Several papers offer combinations of these different categories. Among the empirical papers, there are many kinds of data sets analyzed, ranging from macroeconomic data to firm-level financial data to survey data. In addition, the data sets are rigorously analyzed in many different ways. This volume also takes a broad perspective on multinational enterprise, which allows discussion of traditional areas in the study of multinational enterprises (MNEs) as corporations, but also includes topics related to multinational enterprise as an undertaking, not just as corporation. For example, there is attention to small and medium-sized companies as well as larger MNEs. There are also papers that consider exporting enterprises and the environment of multinational enterprise. With this spirit, the volume covers multinational enterprise from a variety of perspectives, including views from private corporations and government policymakers, and the authors of the papers include both academics and practitioners. Altogether, the papers offer insights into value creation through a variety of lenses.
Irina Farquhar
Value of Innovation
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This book will present contributions by economists, systems developers, safety, health services, occupational and environmental health, and biomedical researchers in the fields of regulatory development, safety, quality assurance, health outcomes, occupational health, and biomedicine. The contributing research will explore the synergy of new science-based risk regulatory approaches, industry focus on manufacturing efficiencies and information technology and biogenetic innovations, and consumers demand for improved safety and quality of products, services, quality assurance, and transparency of information.The book investigates the impact of information technology, biogenetic, and pharmacological innovation on individuals quality of life, safety, individual and system health care utilization, occupational and environmental health and formulary decision making, and costs. It contains analyses of clinical and health outcomes resulting from innovative biopharmaceutical entities and delivery systems in the treatment of chronic conditions. It emphasises effective quality, regulatory system, and consistent science-based decision-making practices from private and public organizations and demonstrates regulatory issues affecting innovation and efficiency.
Paul Zarembka
Value, Capitalist Dynamics and Money
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This volume begins with an introduction to Marx's theory of capitalism in his own words, with his examples modernized from use of shillings and pence as subdivisions of the Pound. Well-known 1901 work on the theory of crises in capitalism by Michael Tugan-Baranowsky is translated into English for the first time, with a Preface placing it in context. The political activism and theoretical work of Henryk Grossman through 1926 is summarized in some detail, and a rarely-known brief article of his from 1919 included. Ambiguity in Marx's definition of accumulation of capital and the differing directions Lenin and Luxemburg took with it are next analyzed, with a more precise definition offered. Debate, begun in the last volume, over the valuation of means of production and its effect on the possibility of a falling tendency of the profit rate is taken a step forward as contrasting positions are developed. Finally, credit money as an advanced form of money is analyzed and the post-Keynesian analysis of it, originating from Kaldor, subject to critique. Several theories of inflation theory are reviewed, with focus on the agencies causing inflation. A rediscovery of Marxian inflation theory is proposed.
Rem B. Edwards
Values, Ethics and Alcoholism
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It is apparent that the current literature fails to systematically describe and examine the diverse value and ethical issues that arise in relation to alcohol abuse. This volume attempts to fulfil this void by addressing the most basic scientific and philosophical questions about the causes of alcoholism, their implications for individual responsibility and the most basic public policy questions that stem from clinical medicine and public health.
Dan A. Chekki
Varieties of Community Sociology
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Research in Community Sociology
Lonnie H. Athens
Violent Acts and Violentization
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According to this volume an understanding of violence has to be social because violence is so situationally contingent, culturally and subculturally patterned and historically variable. And yet for all its ubiquity its causes and contextual variations are not fully understand. Lonnie Athens's work on violence is applied, assessed, and extended in this publication by scholars from a wide variety of fields, including clinical psychology, criminology, history, psychiatry, and sociology. Athens, who is both a criminologist and sociologist, opens the volume with a restatement of his violentization thesis, which Richard Rhodes made famous in his book, "Why They Kill: The Discoveries of a Maverick Criminologist". Contributors to this volume extend and test the theory of violentization in the contexts of child abuse, clinical psychology, corrections, soldiers in wartime, and the Holocaust. The contributions subject the theory of violentization to both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Finally, sociologists Jeffrey Ulmer, Jay Meehan, and David Maines situate Athens's work in criminology and sociology, providing crucial insights into its contribution to the theory and methods used in these two fields.
Michael M. Beyerlein
Virtual teams
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Effective knowledge work depends on bringing people together to form a team with the right mix of expertise for the project or problem on hand. Increasingly, that mix can only be created by finding people who are geographically dispersed across sites of the company or across several companies. These virtual teams typically work by linking through electronic tools, such as the telephone, fax, email, NetMeeting, Lotus Notes, and other web-based communication systems. Recent research suggests that these teams have all of the challenges of face-to-face teams in addition to others, such as the limitations of technology, cultural differences, and multiple supervisors. The papers included in this volume identify some of the problems and some of the solutions to these kinds of problems, but most importantly, in a dynamic field such as virtual teams, the papers provide a framework for thinking about such problems and a collection of ideas that can form a foundation for advancing both research and practice in the field. Much of the literature on virtual teams focuses on the technology. The technology is an enabler, but it does not seem to have advanced far enough to make electronic communications as effective as face-to-face meetings. Like other teams, virtual teams consist of human beings and they have interpersonal and identity needs that must be met to optimize their ability to work and to collaborate. So, issues such as member solidarity, cooperation and unity of actions and values become special concerns. Such issues are addressed in this volume with the hope that this work will provide a foundation for moving ahead in this field toward more effective virtual teams.
D.M. Hinn
Visions of Quality
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The field of programme evaluation is shaped by an ever-increasing range of approaches each of which, to varying degrees, reflects evaluation's dual role as a theoretical endeavour and a form of socio-political inquiry. There is an array of approaches, each emphasizing different purposes and endorsing different methodologies to guide practice. Yet, no matter which goals are pursued and which methods are employed, all evaluation involves an effort to conceptualize, comprehend, and convey the quality of the programme. This volume brings together the work of certain evaluators to explore the evaluation of programme quality. Through conceptual descriptions and applied examples they discuss the theoretical concerns and practical issues that give rise to their particular conceptions of quality, the methodologies they employ to pursue an understanding of these conceptions, and the representational forms they employ to convey their understanding to stakeholders.
M. Bell
Walking Towards Justice
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Democracy is back, at least as a topic of concern among rural sociologists. The Neoliberal cast of the recent pursuit of globalization in world politics has led to the development of a wide range of critiques united by the same question: what about democracy? From this perspective, the main issue with globalization is the globalization of what - the market or the policy, the citizen as consumer or the citizen as citizen. This volume brings together some of the recent work of rural sociologists on democracy, in an effort to bring into sharper focus this work's distinctive contributions to the understanding the question of what is and should be globalized, with particular emphasis on rural concerns and rural people. Half the world still lives in rural areas, and the entire world depends upon the success of rural areas in providing the means for human subsistence. The impact of globalization on rural democratization thus has implications for everyone. The volume has three sections. The first draws together a range of theoretical work on rural democratization. The second explores processes of rural democratization in the rich countries of the world. The third investigates the distinctive manifestations of rural democratization efforts in the poor countries.
William G. Tierney
Web of Leadership
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The 3rd volume of Contemporary Ethnographic Studies focuses on the Web of Leadership and Presidency in Higher Education.
