This book is about governing well for the future. It investigates the nature of, and the conditions for, prudent long-term democratic governance in a dynamic, complex, and uncertain world, the reasons why such governance is politically challenging, and how such challenges can best be tackled. In particular, it addresses the problem of ‘short-termism’ – or a ‘presentist bias’ – in policy-making; that is, the risk of governments placing undue weight on near-term considerations at the expense of a society’s overall long-term welfare. As such, the book traverses both normative and empirical issues. The approach is primarily qualitative rather than quantitative.
Guy Neave
Government and Higher Education Relationships Across Three Continents
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New strategies and policies regarding higher education are needed to solve the present higher education crisis occurring in many developing countries. The important question is whether specific forms of government regulation are more effective than others in helping to solve this crisis. This book addresses this question by analysing the relationships between government and higher education in 12 states in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Recent changes in these relationships are explored in an attempt to discover which are the most effective. Each chapter contains a case study of a specific country, exploring issues such as the market as a mechanism for coordination, autonomy in higher education, state control and supervision, governmental steering models, the question of "governance fit" and innovations in higher education. The final chapter combines theoretical concepts with the observations made in the country case-studies to formulate overall conclusions.
Ake E. Andersson
Government for the Future
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The aim of this volume is to encourage comparative explorations of the links between economic regionalism and government behaviour. At present, the relation between government and the economy is in a state of flux. In the old "developed" world, supranational organizations such as the EU and the WTO, are exerting more influence over economic life. Simultaneously, regional governments have emerged to provide public services to local populations. In some European countries, economic decision making is no longer in the power of the nation state, but has been transferred to international and local organizations. The papers in this volume have been contributed by a broad range of policy makers, journalists, and academics. Theories of the public sector are reviewed, restructured and extended, in order to cover the new spatial and dynamic situation. The volume provides historical and institutional perspectives on the public sector, and presents empirical case studies of the public sectors in Sweden, USA, Belgium, Malaysia, England and Singapore.
Susan Maret
Government Secrecy
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Government secrecy (GS) is a significant social, political, and policy issue and often presents as a barrier to civic participation, public right-to-know, historical understanding, and institutional accountability. This volume examines GS in a variety of contexts, including comparative examination of government control of information, new definitions, categories, censorship, ethics, and secrecy's relationship with freedom of information and transparency. It investigates GS in terms of its current theoretical descriptions as power over and concealment of information (Bok 1983), a 'tampering of communications' (Friedrich 1972), the 'compulsory withholding of knowledge, reinforced by the prospects of sanctions for disclosure' (Shils), or Georg Simmel's (1906) idea of secrecy creating the 'possibility of a second world'. Following the introduction this book is divided into the following six sections: Government Secrecy: Theoretical Musings; Government Secrecy and the Media; Government Secrecy and Technology; Freedom of Information; Government Secrecy: Current Policy; and Ethics. Articles are sourced from around the world and include some from USA, Mexico, Africa, Israel and Britain.
Piero Formica
Grand Transformation to Entrepreneurial Economy
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We are now entering a new entrepreneurial economy, as we have shifted away from an industrial economy. This sharing economy has created a new paradigm of aggregation of individuals. It is around these communities organized into categories (workers, employees, executives, entrepreneurs, professionals) that the legislation takes shape. If public policy intends to give voice to the sharing communities, then it needs to enact pro-entrepreneurship policies, and move away from policies that cater to the old industrial economy. This can be done by facilitating experiments and studies of entrepreneurial ventures and start-ups. There is no work at the crossroads of economics and entrepreneurship such as this. Formica explains why public policy now needs to shift towards the entrepreneurial economy, and how this can be done. Employing illustrative examples, this book focuses on the crucial role of policies to support entrepreneurs and establish the right environment for new business development and rapid conversion of ideas into enterprises that contribute to booming economic growth and prosperity.
Ian Dey
Grounding Grounded Theory
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Professor Dey's persuasive, instructive, critical, engaging, and often humorous investigation places many elements of grounded theory under close scrutiny. In searching out the methodological principles on which grounded theory is built, he reveals its main features as a qualitative research methodology for social research and the issues fundamental to understanding it. He also highlights the disagreements between the originators of grounded theory, their reasons, and their effects. His enlightened perspective thereby makes sense of the ways in which grounded theory approaches some of the key issues in qualitative analysis, such as coding and categorization, analysis of process, and generation of theory. It critically considers what grounded theory has to offer qualitative inquiry; and explores the principles and methodologies raised during the course of grounded theory's evolution.
Shane R. Thye
Group Cohesion, Trust and Solidarity
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The "Advances in Group Processes" series publishes theoretical analyses, reviews and theory-based empirical chapters on group phenomena. Volume 19 includes papers that address fundamental issues of solidarity, cohesion and trust. Chapter one shows how solidarity is a consequence of group-level phenomena (competition) and individual level phenomena (similarity). The second chapter examines solidarity among injection drug users, showing that the cohesion and solidarity of drug users are patterned by principles of collective action. The next two chapters integrate extant theories to provide new insights. Chapter three integrates principles of social exchange, status organizing processes and game theory to theorize solidarity; while chapter four shows how research on emotions can explain solidarity in status-differentiated groups. Two chapters then review and analyse long-standing programmes of research on cohesion and trust. Chapter five reviews a decade of growth for the theory of relational cohesion, showing how emotions lead to cohesion and commitment. Chapter six analyses how learning and social control can produce trust in networks of varying size. The final two chapters examine processes that are often neglected in the production of solidarity and cohesion. Chapter seven analyses group loyalty as a function of intra- and inter-personal factors. Chapter eight examines how relatively subtle features of speech arrangements can either maintain or disrupt solidarity. Overall, the volume includes papers that reflect a wide range of theoretical approaches to solidarity and contributions by scholars that work in the general area of group processes.
Margaret Ann Neale
Groups in Context
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This book comprises the work of scholars who gathered in May, 1998, at a conference held at Stanford University's Graduate School of Business Administration. The conference was part of an ongoing series presenting cutting edge research on teams. Presented first, are those articles that address particular macro aspects of team context and their influences on team process and effectiveness and ultimately their effectiveness as performing units. The following chapters address: how the organizational context shapes the timing of behavior in teams; process outcome and the effects of organizational performance on top management teams; group process and the nature of contextual features; and, conditions under which working teams actively manage their external environments and consequences of those actions. The work concludes with an overview of the multiple ways that contexts affect and are affected by group behavior, helping the reader to organize and to extend their understanding of contextual phenomena.
Carl L. Swanson
Growing Complexity of the Global Marketplace
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This volume continues this series of international business issues with an exploration of the development and growing complexity of the global marketplace. One section should be of particular interest to those involved in European business. Entitled "Enlarging the European Perspective", it deals with marketing strategy in post-Cold War Eastern Europe and European integration and banking in Greece. The international theme is further developed with chapters on Mexico, the US and Japan.
Ann M. Brewer
Handbook of Logistics and Supply-Chain Management
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The quality of transport logistics is now recognized as being vital to the success of many organizations. The ability to transport goods quickly, safely, economically and reliably is seen as vital to a nation's prosperity and capacity to compete in a rapidly globalising economy. Logistics has advanced significantly during since the 1980s as companies have appreciated the gains from such initiatives as limiting inventories, making use of "seamless" distribution services and taking advantage of advances in telecommunication and information technologies. Institutional changes, such as deregulation and privatization, have in many countries led to contexts in which these changes could take place. The integration of transportation into the production process through advanced information systems and the application of modern management techniques is now at the centre of logistics. This volume contains commissioned refereed papers that cover the main elements of transport logistics. The authors were selected from around the world and asked to provide critiques of their subject areas as well as a review of the state of the art and case study examples. These up-to-date contributions cover all the main areas of transport logistics, providing those in the field with current information whilst at the same time offering easy access for those who are new to the field and are seeking review material.
Cathal O'Donoghue
Handbook of Microsimulation Modelling
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Microsimulation Modelling involves the application of simulation methods to micro data for the purposes of evaluating the effectiveness and improving the design of public policy. The field has existed for over 50 years and has been applied to many different policy areas and is a methodology that is applied within both government and academia. This handbook brings together leading authors in the field to describe and discuss the main current issues within the field. The handbook provides an overview of current developments across each of the sub-fields of microsimulation modelling such as tax-benefit, pensions, spatial, health, labour, consumption, transport and land use policy as well as macro-micro, environmental and demographic issues. It focuses also on the modelling different micro units such as households, firms and farms. Each chapter discusses its sub-field under the following headings: the main methodologies of the sub-field; survey the literature in the area; critique the literature; and propose future directions for research within the sub-field.
Margaret C. Wang
Handbook of Special and Remedial Education
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"The Handbook of Special and Remedial Education: Research and Practice" is an update of the four-volume Handbook series, which provided a comprehensive summary of the well-confirmed knowledge in the field of special education available through the mid-1980's. The need for an updated second edition grew out of the extensive activity in research, policy developments, and related changes in practices over the past decade. The new single volume gives first priority to a review of the knowledge base, as derived from recent research and practices in schools and related agencies. It notes discrepancies between the state of the art and the state of practice. These disparities are further linked to brief discussions of policy issues and needed research, revisions in training programs, and organizational arrangements in the field. This edition is segmented into three major sections. The six chapters within "Learning Rates: Issues of Concern and Prospects for Improvement" range from a discussion of early education for disabled children and those at risk, to educational resilience. The six chapters under "Distinct Disabilities" cover such topics as visual, hearing, and language impairments. Finally, the four chapters in "Associated Conditions and Resources" discuss funding, parents and advocacy systems, staff preparation, and emerging school/community linkages.
Margaret C. Wang
Handbook of Special Education
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This fourth volume of the Handbook of Special Education: Research and Practice deals with the nature and nurture of gifted and talented youth, issues affecting students with severe disabilities and children and youth at risk. Section one focuses on gifted and talented youth, their identification, practices to accelerate and enrich their learning, their socio-emotional adjustment, and special categories of gifted students. New federal legislation in the US, changing views about intelligence, and growing concern over quality of education, make this section timely and important. Section two concerns students with severe disabilities with topics ranging from how they can be served in regular school and community settings to the transition to work and living in the community. In section three the theme is children and youth at risk from poverty, limited linguistic competence, limited cognitive mastery, and family problems. The chapters highlight what action can be taken to solve the educational problems associated with these risks. Special attention is paid to the problems of education in the inner-city.
Bernard O'Meara
Handbook of Strategic Recruitment and Selection
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This is a theory-based text with unique features that distinguish it from other books in the field. The inclusion of a strategic component differentiates it from most other books, but the application of systems theory to recruitment and selection sets this book apart. While it includes mainstream topics such as interviews, job analysis and question types, it is the first text to introduce topics such as crowd sourcing, social networking, Skype and distance interviewing. The inclusion of theory such as similarity/attraction theory, insider/outsider theory, cultural appreciation, body language and interview types for different levels within organisations assist in differentiating this text. It is up to date and addresses issues such as the role of staffing, recruitment and selection in a knowledge-based society. This text also looks at resume preparation and analysis, and explores the challenges facing international applicants seeking employment in other countries.
Peter V. Marsden
Handbook of Survey Research
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"The Handbook of Survey Research, Second Edition" builds on its widely-recognized 1983 predecessor by updating its previous historical account of the development of survey research and the evolution of social science before going on to examine new and expanded usages of survey research during the past half century. Editors Peter Marsden (Harvard University) and James D. Wright (University of Central Florida), long-time editor of Elsevier's Social Science Research, have created an authoritative reference book and an excellent starting point for anyone requiring a broad examination of the field. Detailed chapters include: sampling; measurement; questionnaire construction and question writing; survey implementation and management; survey data analysis; special types of surveys; and integrating surveys with other data collection methods. This handbook is distinguished from other texts by its greater comprehensiveness and depth of coverage including topics such as measurement models, the role of cognitive psychology, surveying networks, and cross-national/cross-cultural surveys. Timely and relevant it includes materials that are only now becoming highly influential topics.
David A. Hensher
Handbook of Transport and the Environment
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As one of the most challenging issues facing the transport sector, the need for this handbook devoted to the environmental impacts of transport is clear. It gives full treatment to all aspects of the subject such as: environmental concepts, both physical and economic - key environmental concerns: global warming, air quality, noise, safety, amenity, and severance; the role of fuel sources and new technology in reducing environmental externalities; the contribution of each transport sector to energy consumption and emissions - appraisal, valuation, and impacts of externalities; institutional and political settings and policies - the role of environmental legislation; and special topics such as tourism, public attitudes, and gender. Each chapter was specially commissioned from an acknowledged world expert on the topic. Each offers an overview and useful insights to those familiar with the area as well as those new to it. Systematic and thorough in its creation, current and acessible in its content, and authoritative and international in its authorship, the "Handbook of Transport and the Environment" will be the definitive reference work on this important subject.
David A. Hensher
Handbook of Transport Geography and Spatial Systems
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Transport systems, the vital arteries of modern societies and economies, shape our world and are shaped by it. The subject of this volume is the dynamic interactions between transport and the physical, economic, and human geographies it weaves through. Transport plays a central role in economic development and growth. It profoundly affects the socio-economic characteristics and spatial form of urban centres and rural areas alike. A new transport link can bring increases in population, in employment, in industrial activity, in wealth. In turn, these changes can lead to demands for further transport improvements. All these factors are explored in the section on Transport and Spatial Form. Sections on Land-use/Transportation Modelling and Data then discuss how to obtain appropriate data and model these transport-geographic phenomena. The past decade has seen substantial research efforts devoted to improving transport modelling techniques, and the state of the art is described here. GIS and GPS are powerful technologies with a wide range of potential applications in this field, in which great advances have been made in recent years. Each therefore has a whole section devoted to it, both to established applications and to those yet to be fully exploited. While all these and the section on Network Analysis may be regarded as core areas, topics on the frontiers are also covered in this comprehensive volume, with sections on Spatial Cognition, GeoSimulation, and Time Use. Each chapter was specially commissioned from an acknowledged world expert on its topic. Each offers an overview and useful insights to those familiar with the area as well as those new to it. Systematic and thorough in its creation, current and accessible in its content, and authoritative and international in its authorship, the "Handbook of Transport Geography and Spatial Systems" will be the definitive reference work on this important subject.
David A. Hensher
Handbook of Transport Modelling
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Since 2000, there has been an exponential amount of research completed in the field of transport modelling thereby creating a need for an expanded and revised edition of this book. National transport models have taken on the new modelling methods and there have been theoretical and empirical advances in performance measurement. Coverage will include current demand methods, data issues, valuation, cost and performance, and updated traffic models. Supplementary case studies will illustrate how modelling can be applied to the study of the different transport modes and the infrastructures that support them.The second edition of this handbook will continue to be an essential reference for researchers and practitioners in the field. All contributions are by leading experts in their fields and there is extensive cross-referencing of subject matter. This book features expanded coverage on emerging trends and updated case studies. It addresses models for specific applications (i.e. parking, national traffic forecasting, public transport, urban freight movements, and logistics management).
Kenneth J. Button
Handbook of Transport Strategy, Policy and Institutions
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Privatisation, regulation, deregulation, competition, funding, evaluation: these are all transport policy issues of great current interest worldwide, in the public arena as well as among researchers. In 46 chapters by acknowledged experts on their topics, these and other aspects of transport policy and planning are addressed in this, the sixth "Handbook in Transport". The work is organised into sections covering: Institutional Settings and Markets; Planning Perspectives; Asset Management and Funding; Regulatory Issues; Evaluation Frameworks; and National Studies.Within this section structure this wide-ranging volume embraces: the collection of data (and its transformation into information); the formation of policy objectives by government (at all its different levels); the establishment of institutional structures to attain these goals; the resourcing of these institutions; the implementation of actions; and the policing and monitoring of outcomes. It employs a variety of disciplinary perspectives, including economics, politics, law, physical planning, psychology and engineering. It will be of value to students, researchers, and practitioners approaching transport from any of these perspectives. "Edited by two of the leading figures in transportation research and dissemination, these handbooks are likely to become the essential reference work in the field." - DR John Preston, Diresctor, Transport Studies Unit, University Of Oxford.
Kenneth J. Button
Handbook of Transport Systems and Traffic Control
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This book discusses transport systems and the implementation of related public policy - a relevant topic with contemporary traffic congestion, environmental intrusion, transport safety, and budget issues. It is a resource for both experienced researchers and those new to the field.
David G. Bromley
Handbook on Cults and Sects in America
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Religion and the Social Order
David G. Bromley
Handbook on Cults and Sects in America
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Religion and the Social Order
Jan Elen
Handling Complexity in Learning Environments
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What do we mean when we say that "learning environments are increasingly complex"? What do we know about the cognitive processing that occurs during complex learning? How can we provide effective instructional support for students who must learn and apply complex knowledge? These questions, and related issues, have fascinated educators and educational researchers for many years and are they are the focus of this book. As a tribute to Joost Lowyck, professor educational technology at the K.U. Leuven, eminent scholars from around the globe have contributed to a far reaching analysis of complexity in learning environments from a cognitive perspective. The chapter authors summarize what we know now about complexity and make specific suggestions for educational practice and for future research on complexity. The different contributions in the several chapters discuss theoretical accounts and empirical findings about learning, the learner, and learning environments. Wide-ranging topics include current descriptions of our cognitive architecture, new contributions to cognitive load theory, research and evaluation design considerations, motivation to learn, the influence of prior knowledge, the use of simulations and multimedia, alternative instructional methods and interventions, studies of the classroom context for complex learning and mental model-building. This book is a tribute to Joose Lowyck, professor educational technology at the KU Leuven. International scholars provide far reaching analysis of complexity in learning environments from a cognitive perspective. It makes specific suggestions for educational practice and for future research.
Tanya Fitzgerald
Hard Labour? Academic Work and the Changing Landscape of Higher Education
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Higher education institutions (HEIs) have experienced massive changes in the past three decades. Across England, the US, Australia and New Zealand, new public management has introduced corporate governance structures, strategic plans, performance management, quality assurance processes, a client-focused approach to students and curriculum, and a commodification of higher education that has seen an unprecedented growth in international student numbers. Increased numbers of HEIs has stimulated a variety of challenges for administrators, academics, students and the broader community. Drawing on data from England, Australia and New Zealand, this book addresses how policies of successive labour governments have decreased autonomy of academics and increased regimes of surveillance, radically altering how academics think about and engage in their intellectual work. It provokes the reader to think critically about the emergence of corporate styles of governance, management and leadership in HEIs and ways in which the demands of new public management and the knowledge economy has shaped and re-shaped scholarly work and identity.
Leslie Marsh
Hayek in Mind
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Hayek's philosophical psychology as set out in his The Sensory Order (1952) has, for the most part, been neglected. Despite being lauded by computer scientist grandee Frank Rosenblatt and by Nobel prize-winning biologist Gerald Edelman, cognitive scientists -- with a few exceptions -- have yet to discover Hayek's philosophical psychology. On the other hand, social theorists, Hayek's traditional disciplinary constituency, have only recently begun to take note and examine the importance of psychology in the complete Hayek corpus. This volume brings together for the first time state-of-the-art contributions from neuroscientists and philosophers of mind as well as economists and social theorists, all critically engaging in many aspects of Hayek's philosophical psychology.
Owen O'Donnell
Health and Inequality
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Economists are increasingly turning their attention to the measurement and causes of health inequality. This is in response to widespread concern that health disparities reflect social injustices but is also part of the trend away from the narrow focus on inequality in income to the more encompassing analysis of inequality in wellbeing. Researchers interested in the extent and causes of variation in wellbeing cannot but turn their analytical gaze on health inequalities. This volume contains methodological and empirical contributions from leading experts in health economics and economic inequality that add further momentum to a thriving field of research. The focus is on methods for the measurement of health inequalities (income related, multidimensional and inequalities of opportunity) as well as the analysis of their causes. The collection is essential reading for researchers already working on health inequality and provides an immediate reconnaissance of the frontiers for those entering this exciting field.
Gary D. Libecap
Health Care Issues and American Economic Growth
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This is the eighth volume in a series on research in community and mental health.
Jennie Jacobs Kronenfeld
Health Care Providers, Institutions, and Patients
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This volume explores issues connected with health care providers, institutions, and patients. The focus of many of the articles is on changing patterns of care delivery and provision of care, as it affects these important groups of actors within the health care system. The articles range from those that focus on more specialized groups of patients, such as the elderly, to those that focus on people who deliver health care services to those that deal with more general issues of the restructuring of the US health care system.
Jennie Jacobs Kronenfeld
Health Care Services, Racial and Ethnic Minorities and Underserved Populations
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The theme of this volume is "Health Care Services, Racial and Ethnic Minorities and Undeserved Populations: Patient and Provider Perspectives". The volume is divided into five sections. The first section discusses the overall issue of health care disparities and undeserved populations and also provides introductory material about the rest of the volume. The next section focuses on issues that relate to gender. The third section provides papers on some other specific examples of undeserved populations: those with mental health concerns, those with concerns related to emotional well being, the elderly population and sex workers. The fourth section includes papers that discuss treatment disparities and providers of care. The final section includes papers that relate to policy concerns. The topic of health care services and undeserved populations is one of growing importance within the US health care system and one of importance in health care systems across the world. Concern about equity in health care is not new. There is a long tradition in medical sociology of studies of inequities in health status and use of health care services. Over the past ten to twenty years, there have been many studies that have documented that race and socioeconomic status (SES) influence the use of health care services. Within the US in the past decade, this area of concern is often described as studies of health disparities and this volume is a contribution to that research. This volume examines the issue more broadly, by including some issues in countries besides the US and examining the role of providers in treatment disparities and important policy concerns.
Sheri R. Notaro
Health Disparities Among Under-served Populations
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"Health Disparities Among Under-served Populations: Implications for Research, Policy and Praxis", focuses on a topic of national concern. Both disparities in health status and in health care reflect the continuing power of race, social class, and gender as forces that define the social determinants of health and the social, biological, and physical environments where groups live. Chapters focus on key issues that include substance abuse, psychological coping, trauma, infant mortality, HPV, environmental hazards, teen pregnancy, homeless youth, racism, discrimination, and cultural competence. The scholars who have contributed to this volume showcase their insight and keen analyses of these pressing issues through a variety of lenses, including but not limited to, sociology, economics, psychology, education, public health, history, urban studies, nursing, and environmental activism. This anthology critically examines the devastating impact of race, class, and gender on the health and health care of African Americans, Latinos and American Indians, with particular focus on children and adolescents.
Nir Menachemi
Health Information Technology in the International Context
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This volume focuses on management issues in the international context of health information technology (HIT). Nations around the globe have established policies designed to improve the computerization of their health care systems. It is believed that the adoption of HIT including clinical information systems, decision support systems, and networks or systems that facilitate the exchange of clinical and other health data will yield various desirable outcomes. These outcomes may include improvements in the quality of care, a reduction in medical errors, boosts in efficiencies, and improved provider and patient satisfaction. The purpose of this volume on HIT in the international context is to facilitate the exchange of management theory, best practice, implementation challenges, and the impact of adoption as it pertains to HIT adoption in one or more international settings. It offers a holistic viewpoint on health information technology use in health care organizations and systems, providing a managerial perspective from authors around the world that will prove useful for health care practitioners across a variety of settings.
Ray Marks
Health Literacy and School-Based Health Education
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This volume examines the relationship between health literacy and health outcomes, and the role of schools in promoting health literacy through the curriculum. The volume utilizes research, literature reviews and case studies that examine how education can support health literacy development as a vital 21st century citizenship competency. The volume specifically describes the concept of health literacy, and its crucial importance to individuals and society worldwide. It examines the role of the school in fostering health literate youth and what schools can do to provide youth with the tools to become health literate citizens. Including comments from leaders in the field as well as relevant research, and directives for practice, this volume will be of value to those interested in maximising the opportunities of youth and for conceptualising how small changes implemented in the school and across curricula over the course of the formative education period are strongly recommended. The volume aims to stress the importance of the relationship between literacy and health, health literacy and academic achievement, and health literacy and overall individual and societal well-being and citizenship. How health literacy impacts us all, as well as how the school as an educational venue can help to produce health literate citizens is specifically discussed.
Nicholas Mercuro
Health Policy
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Part of a series offering international reviews of comparative public policy, this volume provides comparative perspectives on family law and gender bias. The topics discussed include: the concept of the natural family and the American family; gender and racial sterotype; and patriarchy in China.
Richard M. Scheffler
Health Policy Reform and the States
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Part of a series which focuses on health economics and health services research, this volume discusses a variety of topics in the field.
Jennie Jacobs Kronenfeld
Health, Illness and Use of Care
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This text explores the impact of social factors on health, illness and the use of care. Contributors examine a number of social factors including sex, gender and socio-economic status on the healthcare experience and focus on both patients within the care process and the providers of care. It also presents papers employing a variety of methodological approaches. In the range of illnesses discussed, the social factors under consideration, and the variety of methodological approaches, this volume represents the diversity within the field of medical sociology.
Jeffrey A. Sluka
Hearts and Minds, Water and Fish
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Contemporary Ethnographic Studies
Kenneth C. Wenzer
Henry George's Writings on the United Kingdom
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Henry George's political economy has been hailed as one of the great contributions of American social criticism. His writings have, however, invited interpretation in contradictory fashion. Commentaries have used him to uphold laissez-faire social Darwinism allowing for the aggrandizement of money. Some on the left have regarded his ideology as calling for a co-operative commonwealth well beyond the intentions of the single-tax mechanism. And there are those who see him as having, in effect, written a new Declaration of Independence as powerful as that of 1776. Bringing to light his previously unavailable British writings would clear up some misunderstandings and also present the man and his ideas in a fresher historical context.
Kenneth C. Wenzer
Henry George, The Transatlantic Irish, and their Times
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The American political economist Henry George devoted his life to the single tax. Virtually forgotten today, his best seller "Progress and Poverty" influenced numerous people in the English-speaking world. His fame and fall were due to a temporary alliance with the American Irish Catholics who were agitating for the land war in Ireland and social change in their new homeland. So significant was this tidal wave of support that it swamped the American consciousness in the late 1870s and early 1880s including prelates of the Roman Catholic Church, some of whom were conservatively inclined. George astutely navigated the waters by working with the radical editor of "The Irish World", Patrick Ford. But then George made a politically awkward friendship with Father Edward McGlynn, an ardent supporter of modernism and the single tax, who was a constant irritant to the church hierarchy and subsequently excommunicated. The issues that McGlynn raised rocked the American Catholic Church and the Vatican itself. The counter-campaign waged by the church and devout Irish Catholics blocked McGlynn and put an end to George's fleeting success.
Stephen A. Zeff
Henry Rand Hatfield
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This book is a biographical study of the first full-time accounting professor in a US university. Henry Rand Hatfield (1866-1945) was the first dean of the Chicago business school and the second dean of the Berkeley business school, and he was long regarded as the "dean of accounting teachers everywhere". His two textbooks, "Modern Accounting" (1909) and "Accounting" (1927), were among the most respected reference works in the first half century, and they and his articles continue to be cited today. His textbooks and carefully crafted articles were veritable annotations on the accounting literature and drew extensively on accounting and legal authorities in the US and overseas. He exemplified a principled approach to accounting debate and discussion, and he skewered sloppy and imprecise terminology and shoddy thinking. He did not propound any grand theories but was instead an astute critic of the literature, a delectable writer, and, above all, a consummate scholar. Hatfield was an authority on early bookkeeping history, and his essay, "An Historical Defense of Bookkeeping", has long been one of the most celebrated articles in the US literature. Professor Basil Yamey has written a commentary expressly for the book on Hatfield as a historian of accounting and bookkeeping. Stephen Zeff began his research in the 1960s, when he was granted access to Hatfield's extensive files of correspondence, notes and papers, and he proceeded to interview, or correspond with, many of Hatfield's former colleagues and students. The author also drew on the archives at the Northwestern University, the University of Chicago and the University of California, as well as the records of the American Accounting Association, of which Hatfield was a founder and President. The book is rich in references to primary sources. Many of Hatfield's unpublished and previously published papers are reproduced in the book, which also contains a complete list of Hatfield's publications, including his more than 50 penetrating book reviews.
Peter Luetchford
Hidden Hands in the Market
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In much of the world's economy, production, exchange and consumption are regulated by the Market, which is widely believed to be based on economic rationality and driven by a desire to consume. But there are different views of how the Market operates, or ought to operate. This collection of essays discusses a series of alternative perspectives - manifested in ethical movements, alternative consumer behaviour, and social corporate responsibility initiatives - that seek to reveal the 'hidden hands' of power, inequality and morality that shape Market exchange. Against the impersonality of the Market, we find initiatives, such as local food movements, that seek to re-embed commodity exchange in social relationships. Against the idea of the open economy, we find initiatives that seek to counter the ever-widening gap between producers and consumers. Against increased extraction from less powerful economic actors, we find ethical movements, such as Fair Trade, that work to return a fair share of the price to producers and workers. And, against the unfettered Market, we encounter a move to re-regulate trade and protect those located in the most vulnerable market positions. The volume engages with a range of alternative ethical perspectives and the initiatives to which they give rise. Twelve essays - all based on first-hand ethnographic studies of alternative trade movements, corporate social initiatives and consumer behaviour - provide the groundwork for wide-ranging theoretical engagement and comparative analysis. The case studies cover a range of places, commodities and initiatives, including Fair Trade and organic production activism in Hungary, CSR discourses in South Africa and Europe, Fair Trade coffee in Costa Rica and handicrafts made in Indonesia. The essays contribute to a series of current debates within the social sciences about what drives alternative Market engagements, how they are understood and represented by different actors, and what makes their outcomes often ambivalent or contradictory. They address disjunctions between discourses and practices, and internal inconsistencies within ethical movements and corporate initiatives. The volume as a whole engages with questions about morality and the economy, the creation and circulation of value, and, ultimately, the possibility of making alternatives work. In doing so, the contributors reveal the many fields of power at work within the Market as well as within the movements advocating more ethical economic relationships. The volume will be of particular interest to social scientists, business and management studies scholars, and a range of practitioners.
Peter Luetchford
Hidden Hands in the Market
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In much of the world's economy, production, exchange and consumption are regulated by the Market, which is widely believed to be based on economic rationality and driven by a desire to consume. But there are different views of how the Market operates, or ought to operate. This collection of essays discusses a series of alternative perspectives - manifested in ethical movements, alternative consumer behaviour, and social corporate responsibility initiatives - that seek to reveal the 'hidden hands' of power, inequality and morality that shape Market exchange. Against the impersonality of the Market, we find initiatives, such as local food movements, that seek to re-embed commodity exchange in social relationships. Against the idea of the open economy, we find initiatives that seek to counter the ever-widening gap between producers and consumers. Against increased extraction from less powerful economic actors, we find ethical movements, such as Fair Trade, that work to return a fair share of the price to producers and workers. And, against the unfettered Market, we encounter a move to re-regulate trade and protect those located in the most vulnerable market positions. The volume engages with a range of alternative ethical perspectives and the initiatives to which they give rise. Twelve essays - all based on first-hand ethnographic studies of alternative trade movements, corporate social initiatives and consumer behaviour - provide the groundwork for wide-ranging theoretical engagement and comparative analysis. The case studies cover a range of places, commodities and initiatives, including Fair Trade and organic production activism in Hungary, CSR discourses in South Africa and Europe, Fair Trade coffee in Costa Rica and handicrafts made in Indonesia. The essays contribute to a series of current debates within the social sciences about what drives alternative Market engagements, how they are understood and represented by different actors, and what makes their outcomes often ambivalent or contradictory. They address disjunctions between discourses and practices, and internal inconsistencies within ethical movements and corporate initiatives. The volume as a whole engages with questions about morality and the economy, the creation and circulation of value, and, ultimately, the possibility of making alternatives work. In doing so, the contributors reveal the many fields of power at work within the Market as well as within the movements advocating more ethical economic relationships. The volume will be of particular interest to social scientists, business and management studies scholars, and a range of practitioners.
Laura A. Wankel
Higher Education Administration with Social Media
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New technologies provide new ways of delivering the programs and services of higher educational (HE) institutions. Social media such as Facebook, blogs, Flickr, Twitter, and the Second Life virtual world engage constituents and enhance effectiveness. Understanding the trends in the expanding role of social media in HE and the related implications for staff preparedness and training is necessary for future-oriented administrators and practitioners. This book examines how social media are redefining what university communities are and the purposes and practices of the various functional areas in HE. It presents an overview of innovative practices in the recruitment, advising, retention, graduation and engagement of students and alumni, and examines social media in connection with enrollment management, advising and mentoring, public relations and alumni relations. Topics covered include: how Facebook helps and hinders students' social integration; connecting fans and sports more intensively through social media; how to prepare staff to use social media in robust ways; and, using social networking sites during the career management process, for social research and studying abroad.
Jeroen Huisman
Higher Education and the Nation State
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This book contains a number of cross-national analyses of policies and policy-processes regarding higher education. Design, dynamics and outcomes of a variety of policies are studied at both the national and the institutional level. The theoretical perspectives on which the empirical studies are mainly based are founded in public administration, political science, economics, and sociology. Comparisons are made within Europe, and between Europe, the United States and Australia. Next to comparative insights in higher education policy, the book also offers up-to-date and comparable information on these higher education systems. The book is highly relevant for administrators, policy-makers, researchers and students in the field of higher education. In addition, it offers a wealth of information for everyone interested in the application of policy-analysis in general.
Paivi Tynjala
Higher Education and Working Life
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This book provides a comprehensive discussion of the relationship between higher education and working life from three different perspectives: society, higher education and the world of work. The purpose of the volume is twofold: first, to critically analyse the relationship between higher education and working life, and second, to offer material that helps university teachers develop their teaching in a way that their students will be better prepared for challenges of the continuously changing world. The chapters discuss the interplay between education and work both from the societal point of view and from the pedagogical perspective. The book is divided in three sections. The first section is concerned with higher education as a part of society, giving a broader context for more pedagogically oriented chapters. Section two focuses on transition from higher education to work and the interaction of work and learning in higher education. The third section focuses on changing workplace environments and the role of universities in promoting work based learning. Practical examples of work-related project learning and other practice oriented teaching and learning methods are examined. Also, e-learning solutions carried out through industry-university collaboration are presented. It, thus, examines relationship between higher education and working life from multiple perspectives; and aims to help teachers better prepare students for the working world, using practical examples to clarify points raised in chapters.
Walter R. Allen
Higher Education in a Global Society
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The "problem of the 21st century" is rapidly expanding diversity alongside stubbornly persistent status and power inequities by race, ethnicity, gender, class, language, citizenship and region. Extensive technological, economic, political and social changes, along with immigration, combine to produce a global community of great diversity and interpenetration. Unfortunately, this global community continues to be fractured by extreme disparities in wealth and power, divided into "haves" and "have-nots." Universities around the globe can play critical roles in economic development and sociocultural exchange. Where different communities interact, overlap, exchange and compete for scarce resources, complex challenges are presented. Current discourse often views difference and diversity as problems; however, a growing scholarship reframes difference and diversity as potential resources. This volume presents research into the consequences of difference and diversity for higher education. An international group of scholars reflects on the challenges and prospects of diversity, difference and inclusion for universities in their respective societies. Various theoretical and empirical perspectives are used to better understand how diverse populations and expectations intersect to influence higher education and societies globally. Diversity and difference are defined broadly to encompass specific national contexts and their particular emphases on race, ethnicity, gender, culture, language, religion, sexual orientation and/or region. We find that around the world, higher and tertiary institutions confront the "diversity imperative" with varying approaches, success and "best practices." This volume identifies challenges and opportunities that diversity poses for higher education. It provides international comparisons of how diversity affects higher education and of the salience and impact of diversity in higher education. It outlines practical, effective strategies for managing diversity in higher education across different societies.
Charles Wankel
Higher Education in Virtual Worlds
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The use of virtual world platforms is still in its infancy and many educators are wondering how best to use such platforms as a complement to their teaching and facilitation strategies. Targeted at educators and researchers wishing to use virtual environments in their teaching practice "Higher Education in Second Life" provides practical advice specifically for educators in higher education. This book focuses on the use of Second Life - a free, readily-accessible virtual world which is increasingly being used for both formal and informal learning. "Second Life" provides a platform where people can meet and collaborate, teach and learn, play roles and live through experiences. For the experienced this publication provides case studies and ideas for implementing effective learning experiences, for the novice it offers suggestions for overcoming potential barriers and joining the community of 'new frontier educators'. It has a broad appeal to educators from a wide range of disciplines, from the academic community, to training and development managers, and companies with corporate universities looking to reduce their costs through the use of technology and distance learning.
Ulrich Teichler
Higher Education Research
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"Higher Education Research" provides readers with an authoritative, up-to-date overview of the current state of higher education research and its relationship to policy and practice. The internationally acclaimed team of authors examine the impact of current policy and practice on the research agenda, the dissemination of research findings and how researchers are perceived and utilised by practitioners. Addressing higher education research across the globe, this major book underlines the divide that exists between academically based research and research which is aligned on policy and practice. Drawing upon recent developments in higher education research in Australia, Canada, Japan and Latin America, this volume provides a unique comparative perspective on the current state of higher education research.
Enrique S. Pumar
Hispanic Migration and Urban Development
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This volume of "Research in Race and Ethnic Relations" analyzes the pattern of assimilation and incorporation among the Hispanic population in the Washington DC metro region. Following a comprehensive introduction looking at theoretical and policy implication, the book consists of two conceptual chapters discussing the literature of ethnic incorporation and assimilation in urban regions, one chapter analyzing demographic trends among the Hispanic population, and four chapters analyzing different issues related to assimilation, in particular the nature entrepreneurialship, civic engagement, political participation, and education among migrants. This book makes a considerable contribution to the literature of emerging gateways in the field of migration and urban development with articles from notable academics and public policy analysts in their respective fields. It is the only comprehensive study of its kind concerning Hispanic migration to the Washington DC region (the majority of other studies in the field are based on data from major metropolitan cities such as New York, Chicago and Los Angeles).
Pamela L. Perrewe
Historical and Current Perspectives on Stress and Health
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This is an annual research series devoted to the examination of occupational stress, health and well being, with particular emphasis on the multi-disciplinary nature of occupational stress. The intent is to pull together the various streams of research from a variety of disciplines to better capture the significant bodies of work in occupational stress and well being. It provides a multidisciplinary and international perspective that gives a thorough and critical assessment of issues in occupational stress and well being. The theme for this volume, "Historical and Current Perspectives on Stress and Health" focuses on two main concerns: historical as well as current perspectives to occupational stress research and an emphasis on the healthy individual and organization.
Steven Kahl
History and Strategy
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Business historians and economic historians frequently contribute to our understanding of strategic management, and strategy scholars often rely on a deep understanding of historical context to make sense of classic strategy issues. Historically, the two sets of scholars have not always communicated with each other as effectively as one might hope. They also have different approaches to methodology and assessment of validity of results, which adds to this 'two solitudes'. In this volume, strategy scholars, business historians, and economic historians are brought together to develop a volume that explores the complementarities of approaches.
Hiroshi Okano
History of Management Accounting in Japan
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This book sheds light on the interpenetration process between practice and theory of "Japanese management accounting" by using historical methods. Japanese management accounting can be characterized by the fact that, while paying attention to one aspect of accounting, i.e. "invisibility," it not only emphasizes the management of entities, such as JIT, cell-type production systems, other production control systems, and kaizen activities but also attempts to resolve "invisibility" as a part of upstream management through both "combined use" and "zurashi (displacement)" of target costing, kaizen costing and cost maintaining. Then it describes the process in which independent technology is formed as such features interrelate in Toyota and other Japanese companies. It focusses institutional and cultural significance of Japanese management accounting by the two perspectives, "Invisibility and Accounting: Archeology, Genealogy and Efficiency" and "Creativity and Cultural Editing to Link Person/Thing, Event and Memories." The history of Japanese management accounting from mid-19th century to 1960s is examined. Target costing practice and theoretical background at Toyota is also explained.
Anthony F. Rotatori
History of Special Education
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This volume will examine the history of special education by categorical areas (e.g., Learning Disabilities, Mental Retardation, and Autistic Spectrum Disorders). Each categorical area chapter will include an examination of: changing definitions, early pioneers in the field, major contributors and their theoretical ideas, changing educational and treatment practices, working with families, the use of technology, assessment practices and legislative acts specific to that categorical area. The volume will also include chapters on the changing philosophy related to educating students with exceptionalities as well as a detailed history of legal and legislation content concerned with special education. The volume will provide readers with a unique perspective on why special education is what it is today.
Harry K. Schwarzweller
Household Strategies
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With an annual output, Research in Rural Sociology and Development, publishes scholarly content at the cutting edge of rural sociology. Addressing issues such as rural development and growth, globalization, labour relations, agrarian dynamics, and social and personal implications of rural and agricultural change, this series provides in-depth and up to date research on the local and global systems affecting rural dynamics.
Joel Gehman
How Institutions Matter!
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This double volume presents a collection of 23 papers on how institutions matter to socio-economic life. The effort was seeded by the 2015 Alberta Institutions Conference, which brought together 108 participants from 14 countries and 51 different institutions. The resulting papers delve deeply into the practical impact an institutional approach enables, as well as how such research has the potential to influence policies relevant to critical institutional changes unfolding in the world today. In Volume 48A, the focus is on the micro foundations of institutional impacts. In Volume 48B, the focus is on the macro consequences of institutional arrangements. Looking across the two volumes, there are multiple theoretical, conceptual, methodological and practical points of convergence and divergence. Overall, the volumes highlight the many ways in which institutional processes and institutional researchers can contribute to our understanding of the micro foundations and macro consequences of institutions and their impacts on a wide variety of globally pressing issues, while also identifying a variety of fruitful directions for knowledge accumulation and development.
Joel Gehman
How Institutions Matter!
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$174.99
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This double volume presents a collection of 23 papers on how institutions matter to socio-economic life. The effort was seeded by the 2015 Alberta Institutions Conference, which brought together 108 participants from 14 countries and 51 different institutions. The resulting papers delve deeply into the practical impact an institutional approach enables, as well as how such research has the potential to influence policies relevant to critical institutional changes unfolding in the world today. In Volume 48A, the focus is on the micro foundations of institutional impacts. In Volume 48B, the focus is on the macro consequences of institutional arrangements. Looking across the two volumes, there are multiple theoretical, conceptual, methodological and practical points of convergence and divergence. Overall, the volumes highlight the many ways in which institutional processes and institutional researchers can contribute to our understanding of the micro foundations and macro consequences of institutions and their impacts on a wide variety of globally pressing issues, while also identifying a variety of fruitful directions for knowledge accumulation and development.
J. H. Erik Andriessen
How to Manage Experience Sharing
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This book has grown from a workshop that brought together researchers and practitioners from a wide range of areas, including the safety domain. The focus of the workshop was on the well-known issue of organisational learning and organisational memory. The special merit of the book is that it combines the experiences of two usually separate disciplines i.e. safety science, where the main focus is on the codification of accidents, and knowledge management in service organisations, where the main focus is on exchanging successes. The focus of some contributions is on individual and group processes, others on organisational strategy or societal and environmental issues. Some key questions addressed in this book are: How can an organisation learn from its successes and failures, from its experiences and accidents? How can we prevent the loss of knowledge caused by intensive employee turnover or retirement? How can implicit knowledge be shared with colleagues and newcomers? To what extent can Information and Communication Technology (ICT) help to solve these problems?
John Innes Clarke
Human Dichotomy
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In "The Human Dichotomy", John Clarke discusses how the ratio between the numbers of males and females will change in the future. Scientific and technological advances, accompanied by social and economic change, are affecting the number of births, the number of deaths and the mobility of the two sexes, with the prospect of further dramatic changes in store. What impact will this have on the amount of women and girls world-wide? Will changes in the ratio of male to female births mean that the traditional son preference will begin to break down? Professor Clarke looks at how medical interventions and the looming prospect of sex selection at birth will affect the rough balances in the numbers of men and women. As well as these so-called 'natural' changes, the numerical balances of the two sexes in most parts of the world is being greatly transformed by a revolution in female mobility. How 'natural' changes in population and increased mobility in the 21st century will affect the geographical distribution in the numerical balance of the sexes is a key theme of this book. Addressing a significant gap in the literature, "The Human Dichotomy" provides case studies from across the world on the problems associated with the changing balances of births, deaths and mobility of the two sexes. The issues discussed include patterns of sex ratios, sex-selective abortions, sex-differential mortality in more developed and less developed countries, marriage and widowhood, and gendered migration.
R. Fuller
Human Factors for Highway Engineers
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Humans are highly mobile but at a price: over a million people are killed annually on the road, at least 30 times as many are injured, of whom one in ten may be permanently disabled. How can we design a road or highway or transport system so as to provide both a high level of mobility and a high level of safety? For too long, from the perspective of the road user, highway engineers have had to employ their intuitions, personal experiences, shared "know-how" and a "suck-it-and-see" approach in many elements of highway design. Now the science of human behaviour can provide both fundamental knowledge and principles to enable matching roadway and transport system design to human strengths, limitations and variability in performance; an understanding of human contributory factors in accidents; and the undertaking of informed safety audits and reviews. This book aims to help you ask the right questions about the issues raised.
Nancy J. Cooke
Human Factors of Remotely Operated Vehicles
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The commonly used terms, 'unmanned' or 'uninhabited,' are misleading in the context of remotely operated vehicles. In the case of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), there are many people involved on the ground ranging from those operating the vehicle from a ground control station, to the people coordinating multiple UAVs in an air operations or air traffic control center. The complexity of remote vehicle operations is also often underestimated and seen as a simple navigation task, neglecting the more complex functions associated with remote camera operations, data gathering, and even weapons activity. In addition, trends in the military and civilian sectors involving reduced staffing, increased number of vehicles to control, and integration with other operations are associated with critical human factors issues. For example, the integration of UAVs with manned aircraft in the national airspace poses numerous human factors challenges. In summary, though these vehicles may be unmanned they are not unoperated, unsupervised, or uncontrolled. The role of the human in these systems is critical and raises a number of human factors research and design issues ranging from multiple vehicle control and adaptive automation to spatial disorientation and synthetic vision. The purpose of this book is to highlight the pressing human factor issues associated with remotely operated vehicles and to showcase some of the state of the art human-oriented research and design that speaks to these issues. In this book the human components of the 'unmanned' system take center stage compared to the vehicle technology that often captures immediate attention.
David Lewin
Human Resource Management Handbook - Vol.1
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The “Human Resource Management Handbook” is divided into seven sections, compiling the latest knowledge into the critical areas of human resource management practices. Part one of the “Human Resource Management Handbook” primarily focuses on employee participation. It covers the financial and non financial aspects of employee anticipation; including voluntary and involuntary aspects of the decision making.
David Lewin
Human Resource Management Handbook - Vol.2
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Part two of the “Human Resource Management Handbook” provides further insight into the theory and research processes of human resource management practices. In this volume, the handbook focuses on employer flexibility; discussing the rise of contingent employment, unions and collective bargaining as well as the workplace dispute resolution; covering rights disputes and employment relationships.
David Lewin
Human Resource Management Handbook - Vol.3
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Part three of the “The Human Resource Management Handbook” expands on the latest human resource management practices, giving insight into the staffing and reward processes; selection processes and training, as well as the external environmental issues affecting the human resource management function.
Tanya Bondarouk
Human Resource Management, Social Innovation and Technology
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This volume places Social Innovation between Human Resource Management (HRM) and Technology. There is a growing acceptance of the theory that HRM is strategically important for social innovation within organizations. To meet the requirements of globalization, diversity, "war for talent", and fast technological developments, HRM should allow a greater amount of flexibility and innovation in their policies and practices. In order for this to happen, however, HRM needs to be modernised by replacing inefficient and unsustainable HR practices and forms with flexible, sound, and pioneering ones, crossing inter and intraorganizational boundaries. Built within the Social Innovation research tradition, this volume views innovation of HRM from two ends of one continuum: At one end, HR practices and policies should be designed to support innovative organizational members, the creation of new ideas, an innovative organizational climate, and enlargement of the innovation capacity of organizations. At the other end, the HRM function evolves through applying new structures and new channels for delivery of the HR practices, and through involving new agents in the management of Human Resources.
Diana Papademas
Human Rights and Media
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Volume 6 on "Human Rights and Media" introduces and analyzes the significant relationship and discourse of human rights and media. As agenda setters, framers and integral actors in human rights movements, various forms of media are analyzed by the contributing authors. News media, the press, television, cinema, photojournalism, the internet and other documentary forms are among the media investigated by the authors. Civil society dialogue, the rhetoric and ideology of human rights, the propaganda and media responsibility around such themes as war, genocide, ethnic division, nationalism, race, gender, child labor and disability are human rights themes addressed in this volume.
Dr. Eduardo Salas
Human/Technology Interaction in Complex Systems
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The focus of this ninth volume is on human/technology issues that arise from the design, development, application, operation, evaluation, and maintenance of advanced systems with regard to training in complex environments. Areas covered include: a user-oriented design analysis of a virtual environment training system, a cognitive task analysis technique for virtual environment training, advanced embedded team training, human centered automation for air traffic control, human performance modelling in system design, and scenario-based training.
Yuki Matsuoka
Hyogo Framework for Action and Urban Disaster Resilience
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We live in a world which continues to experience dramatic suffering and loss of life due to natural hazard. The disaster paradigm has accelerated efforts towards resilience building, particularly since the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), a ten year plan to build the resilience of nations and communities to disasters Urban areas present complexity and interconnectivity of various elements, and this needs to be considered when building the resilience of such areas to disasters. To address urban risks, local level disaster risk reduction (DRR) is of fundamental importance, not only because it is closer to the citizens, but because it is the repository of regulatory governance functions and local knowledge The need to scale up the capacity of DRR at the local government level to build urban resilience is a key incentive for this study. With particular reference to the example of Makati City in the Philippines, this book analyses a local DRR approach with reference to the HFA, applies a micro-level resilience assessment and discusses an effective model for enhancing local DRR capacity in the future.
Joseph B. Gittler
Ideas of Concord and Discord in Selected World Religions
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Research in Human Social Conflict
Thomas E. Scruggs
Identification and Assessment
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Identification and assessment of learning and behavioural disabilities have long been issues of great concern, and have become increasingly important in recent years. Identification and assessment issues determine how students are characterized as having disabilities, provide implications for treatment, and provide evidence for the success or failure of interventions. In this volume, several topics of relevance to the issue of identification and assessment of learning and behavioural disabilities are discussed by leading scholars, in reviews of recent relevant research, policy analyses, and new investigations with original data. This book is intended for interested professionals and practitioners; researchers in learning and behavioural disabilities; and graduate students in psychology, education, and special education.
Kimberly B. Hughes
Identifying Leaders for Urban Charter, Autonomous and Independent Schools
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A critical challenge for urban charter/autonomous/independent schools is finding educational leaders with the courage to lead with authenticity; integrity and ingenuity using standards based practices to effect transformational change within schools. Two decades after the first charter school opened, leaders still continue to face a range of challenges that traditional public school leaders do not face. Without the type of district support that traditional public school leaders benefit from, charter/autonomous leaders must be able to prepare themselves by tapping into alternative resources quickly and efficiently. This book begins by cultivating the balance of self, both personal and professional, that will guide leaders to manage the operational and educational demands of leading a charter/autonomous school. With a didactic approach identifying skills and capacities needed above and beyond the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium Standards (ISLLC), this book will give administrators the requisite skills and necessary tools to effectively manage the complexities of leadership in urban charter/autonomous schools.
Jeffrey T. Polzer
Identity Issues in Groups
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This fifth volume of "Research on Managing Groups and Teams" focuses on the relationship between identity issues and individual and group functioning. Identity issues encompass a wide range of phenomena involving the individual identities people bring to the groups they join, individuals' level of identification with particular groups they join, and the collective identities of specific groups or organizations. The authors in this volume take full advantage of the broad scope of identity-related phenomena, pushing our thinking about the interplay between identity and groups in new and exciting directions. In doing so, they make inroads into seemingly intractable practical problems with groups by understanding how these difficulties are rooted in the identities people strivve to create and maintian. This book should be of interest to social scientists from all domains who are interested in how identity issues influence the performance of individuals, groups and organizations.
Susan Pitchford
Identity Tourism
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"Identity Tourism: Imaging and Imagining the Nation" examines the role of tourism in the construction of national identity. To imagine a nation, nationalists must construct a national story about their history and culture that defines them as a people, and counters the negative story circulated by their enemies. One of the objectives of this book is to identify the necessary historical and cultural components of a compelling national story. Yet, a story is of no use unless it is heard, so nationalists need media through which the national narrative can be told.The principal objective of this book is to show that identity tourism is a medium that can be used to tell the national story, both to group members and outsiders. As such, it is particularly useful in the construction of a sense of national identity. Identity tourism, which incorporates both ethnic and heritage tourism, includes museums, heritage centers, performances, and other attractions in which collective identities are represented, interpreted, and potentially constructed through the use of history and culture.One of the strengths of tourism is that it can convey a message to a broad, mass audience, and it can present that message in a vivid and lively way. A weakness of tourism is that vivid and lively presentations can degenerate into trivializing history, culture and politics to the point that any meaningful message is lost.Thus one of the main challenges in identity tourism is to balance educational goals against the entertainment imperatives of the medium. This book explores these and other issues using observational and interview data primarily from Wales, where nationalism, identity and tourism have long been heatedly contested. A comparative perspective is provided through the use of secondary case studies examining Native American tourism in the United States and Canada, and tourism in Brittany and South Africa.
Geoff Troman
Identity, Agency and Social Institutions in Educational Ethnography
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The prime focus on the social processes of schooling within educational ethnography has tended to marginalise or eschew the importance of other 'informal' educational sites. Other social institutions, such as family, community, media and popular culture, work and prisons are salient arenas in which behaviours and lives are regulated. They all interrelate and are all implicated in the generation, management and development of social identities and the social and cultural reproduction of structures and relations. Individuals, though, are not merely shaped by these social institutions, their agency is evident in the way they creatively adapt and accommodate to the tensions and constraints of economic, educational and social policies. The maintenance of self in these situations requires identity work involving mediation, conflict, contestation and modes of resistance, which often contribute to a continual reconstruction of situations and contexts. This volume of "Studies in Educational Ethnography" focuses on identity and agency in a variety of social institutions in educational ethnography. The contributors explore these themes in a wide range of international contexts including: Belgium, Sweden, North America, South Africa and England. They demonstrate the capacity of educational ethnography to provide accounts of participants' perspectives and understandings to highlight the agency of educational subjects.
Patricia P. Olmsted
IEA Preprimary Study
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Today, nations throughout the world lack detailed information about the arrangements families make for the care or education of their pre-school aged children. The present volume addresses this problem by presenting information from Phase 1 of the IEA Preprimary Project, which conducted household surveys with representative samples of families with 4-year-olds in the following 11 countries: Belgium, the People's Republic of China, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Nigeria, Portugal, Spain, Thailand, and the United States. Using a jointly-developed 50-minute parent/guardian interview, researchers in each country collected information about what settings families choose for the care/education of their 4-year-old children, why families choose these particular settings, and what problems they encounter with the settings. Families were also asked how many out-of-home settings their child typically attends each week and how long the child spends in these settings. In addition, interviewers gathered data about the family background (e.g. parental education and occupation) and asked parents to describe their child's routine for a typical 24-hour period. This volume of findings from the IEA Preprimary Project will be useful to early childhood professionals and researchers as well as to policymakers concerned with family and educational issues. One chapter presents information about group settings in various nations, including their sponsorship, the auxiliary services they offer and the extent of home-setting communication. Since the study is cross-national, it is possible to examine each nation's findings within a broader context and thus perhaps see new options for program planning and operation.
Malcolm J. Rosier
IEA Study of Science
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"Science Education and Curricula in Twenty-Three Countries" is the first in a series of three volumes presenting the results of the second IEA Science Study. Comparisons are made between countries in terms of the conditions under which science is taught, the organization of science teaching, the emphasis on different science content areas and on the process of science, the focus of decision-making with respect to the science curriculum, and the penetration of new ideas in science teaching. Consideration is also given to the fair and valid assessment of science education across countries. Reports on the provision of science education in each country studied are included.
Barry R. Chiswick
Immigration
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Immigration to what is now the United States has been a contentious issue from the earliest days of the European settlement. The tension between those opposing further immigration on either social or economic grounds and those favoring it has continued over these 3 1/2 centuries to this very day. The complexity of the immigration debate has intensified over the past few decades because of changes in the role of the United States in the international arena, changes in the way Americans view themselves, and changes in the U.S. economy. The growth of the role of government in providing medical, educational and income transfer benefits (in kind and in cash), especially to low-income families has implications for the impacts on the U.S. economy of low-skilled immigrants. The change in the structure of the economy, from a growing demand for production workers in factories and mines to an economy with a declining demand in these sectors but a high demand for workers with high levels of technical and managerial skill, also has implications for immigration policy. In this complex environment, immigration policy has again risen to the forefront. What has been recent immigration history and what have been the consequences of these inflows of people? The purpose of this volume is to address these contemporary issues.
Jody Agius Vallejo
Immigration and Work
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Immigrants and their descendants are growing populations that are rapidly changing the racial/ethnic diversity of the United States and many societies across the globe. People migrate for a multitude of reasons but work whether in the high-skilled, low-wage, or informal sectors of the economy or the drive to establish a businesses, is the primary impetus. The goal of this volume is to bring together new empirical research and theoretical innovations from cutting-edge scholarship concentrating on the intersection of immigration and work. Research in this volume investigates how larger structural inequalities in sending and receiving nations, immigrant entry policies, group characteristics, and micro level processes, such as discrimination and access to ethnic networks, shapes labor market outcomes, workplace experiences, and patterns of integration among immigrants and their descendants.
Hermann Kurthen
Immigration, Citizenship and the Welfare State in Germany and the United States
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In this timely collection of essays, leading American and German scholars analyse immigrant incorporation into the welfare state from a comparative economic, social, and political viewpoint by applying data from the 1980s and 1990s. New insights are revealed into how ethnic stratification and socioeconomic integration is promoted by specific programs and other institutionalized policies in education, labour markets, and welfare. This volume will be an important resource not only to scholars and students in economics and the social and political sciences, but also for professionals in education, social work, journalism, politics, and community groups.
Hermann Kurthen
Immigration, Citizenship and the Welfare State in Germany and the United States
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Industrial Development and the Social Fabric
William McDonald
Immigration, Crime and Justice
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This volume examines the nexus between immigration and crime from all of the angles. It addresses not just the evidence regarding the criminality of immigrants but also the research on the victimization of immigrants; on human trafficking; domestic violence; the police handling of human trafficking; the exportation to crime problems via deportation; the vigilantes at the U.S. border; the role of the non-immigration police in the control of immigration; and, the criminalization of immigration policy.
Jennie Jacobs Kronenfeld
Impact of Demographics on Health and Healthcare
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This volume focuses on differences in health and health care as linked to important social factors. The first section reviews basic material on the topic. The second section on racial and ethnic factors in differences in health and health care is the largest section of the book, and includes six articles looking at racial disparities on a variety of topics such as: knowledge of hepatitis C Virus; health services received and patients' experiences in seeking health care; use of CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) services; and, the role of social capital in class and race health disparities in health information seeking behaviour. Further sections include articles focused on geographic and community factors, gender and age, gender and language, and lifecourse issues such as maternal depression and hospice care. "Research in the Sociology of Health Care, Volume 28" is essential reading for medical sociologists and people working in other social science disciplines studying health-related issues. It provides vital information for health services researchers, policy analysts and public health researchers.
R. Hasan
Impact of Trade on Labor
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Proponents of free trade routinely argue that an important benefit for developing countries is that it provides significant economic opportunities for their asset-less workers. By now, virtually all developing countries, have moved towards integrating themselves more closely with the international economy. To what extent have workers actually benefited from this integration? "The Impact of Trade on Labor" attempts to piece together broad-based evidence on the effects of trade liberalization on labor markets in developing countries in general, and selected countries from developing Asia in particular. The analysis of the available evidence takes into account the recent theoretical advances in this area. The volume consists of nine substantive chapters separated into two parts. A main contribution of the first part is to use a blend of both theory and empirics to point out that the impact of trade liberalization on labor markets, including adjustment costs, depends in important ways on domestic labor market regulations and the nature of competition or market structure. Part I of the volume also presents a detailed discussion on the issue of labor standards, including whether trade access should be linked to a country's labor standards. The second part of the volume moves on to a consideration of various related issues in three large and labor intensive countries, China, India and Indonesia. The approach taken in these studies is to focus on a specific issue of interest and examine this issue carefully for one country using available data. Thus the chapter on China examines the linkages between foreign direct investment and domestic labor standards; the Indonesia chapter assesses the relationship between trade and wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers; and the chapter on India focuses more broadly on how trade liberalization has impacted employment in the manufacturing sector, paying special attention to the issue of labor market regulations.
Ron Sanchez
Implementing Competence-Based Strategies
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This is the sixth volume in a series presenting the latest research in the field of applied business strategy.
Amanda Watkins
Implementing Inclusive Education
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The volume will provide an examination of issues around how policy for inclusive education can be implemented in practice.
In relation to different thematic policy areas considered in each chapter these questions will be considered:
• What are the main policy issues for inclusive education?
• What recommendations are there for addressing these issues?
• What are the difficulties in implementing these recommendations?
• How can these difficulties be overcome?
Overall conclusions will focus on lessons learnt for supporting the implementation of policy for inclusive education and bridging the policy-practice gap.
Joshua Aronson
Improving Academic Achievement
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Social psychological research has revealed much about how personal and interpersonal factors impact academic achievement. The research has been reported in several different outlets but has never before been condensed in an easy to read, engaging book, targeting the hot topics of coffee table debates. This book does just that, offering review chapters by the most influential researchers of today, written for an audience of educational and cognitive psychologists as well as school administrators, teachers, policy makers, and parents. Section one focuses on what motivates students, how self-esteem affects the learning process, the consequences of achievement goals, the effects of student attributions of success and failure, self-handicapping, methods of strategic learning, and how to successfully use one's intelligence. Section two discusses how the offering of rewards may affect achievement, how teacher expectations may affect student performance, the effects of stereotypes, feedback, and social rejection. There's also a discussion of effective means of turning at-risk students into scholars, and how students can successfully traverse transitions to middle school.
James G. Ward
Improving Educational Performance
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"Improving Educational Performance: Local and Systematic Reforms", Volume 5 of the series published in 1997, examines improvement of educational performance through state and local reform efforts and through increases in school choice opportunities. Researchers present operational frameworks that address the perceived failure of public schools to provide high levels of student academic performance. These frameworks included measurement, motivation, and accountability in local school districts; state-driven systemic reform of curriculum standards; and accountability through school choice and school-centered reform. Perspectives presented on accountability and educational performance compare the effects of centralized governance and local authority, examine the relative benefits and adverse effects of state government and market competition on school operations, and review the tensions between professional and community control of instruction and assessment.
Timothy J. Gronberg
Improving School Accountability - Check-Ups or Choice
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This volume brings together ten papers by outstanding researchers who tackle important economic issues surrounding school accountability reforms. The existing state of K-12 public education in the United States is perceived as unacceptable by a large number and wide variety of critics. How to improve upon this state is the subject of much disagreement. The public discussion is heated, and even the academic debate is often sharp. One common thread of argument stresses the need to increase accountability as a strategy for improving public school quality. There are two broad mechanisms for increasing accountability. If current outcomes are too low, then setting acceptable performance standards is one approach to generating quality improvements. The task becomes one of defining appropriate accountability standards and establishing a system of incentives to implement those standards. Alternatively, the low current performance may reflect weak productivity incentives traceable to the limited competition which many school operators face. The suggested remedy is a dose of increased choice, either increased public sector offerings such as charter schools or increased private sector choice via voucher-type programs. The papers in this volume employ relevant microeconomic analysis and current econometric techniques to better our understanding of these vital economic and public policy issues. It includes ten papers by leading researchers in the discipline. Included are works that assist in the understanding of important economic and public policy issues. It appeals to a wide audience of researchers in business, economics, microeconomics, and public policy disciplines.
Hani S. Mahmassani
In Perpetual Motion
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Travel behaviour interacts in a deep way with how we work and play. Social, intellectual, economic and technological forces continually influence the spatial and temporal activity patterns of individuals and businesses. Developments in the production, dissemination, and consumption of information have important implications for how we use our time, and how we pursue the various work, sustenance and leisure activities of our daily existence. This book provides an authoritative assessment of the state-of-the-art in travel behaviour research and applications, and identifies the principal emerging trends, challenges and opportunities in this important area of transportation research.
Kenneth D. Lawrence
In Productivity, Finance, and Operations
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Volume 12 of the "Applications of Management Science" series is directed toward the applications of management science to: Multi-Criteria Decision Making, Operations and Supply Chain Management, Productivity Management (DEA), and Financial Management. This volume will prove valuable to researchers, practitioners and students of management science and operations research. It provides an overview of some of the most essential aspects of the discipline and is an excellent point of reference for persons interested in management or management science. It focuses on four key applications of management science, and is targeted towards a wide audience of researchers, practitioners, and students.
Annie Green
In Search of Knowledge Management
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Written by highly-respected practitioners and scholars "In Search of Knowledge Management: Pursuing Primary Principles" offers research and practice insights into the emerging discipline and field of knowledge management and aims to accelerate a global adoption of knowledge management (KM) as a distinct and critical field of study for today's professionals. Following on from "Creating the Discipline of Knowledge Management: The Latest in University Research" published in 2005 by Elsevier, this publication proudly bears the imprimatur of George Washington University. Its contents are based on the time-proven research methodologies and scrutiny of the doctoral programs, and it records and characterizes the community's KM practice and research. It goes beyond mere technology implementations to consider the larger KM context including leadership, learning, and organization that make KM successful in real world situations. This book is an essential reference tool for all universities, research centres and organizations working on KM, as well as government and non-governmental organizations and businesses that both research and follow the latest KM research and practices.
Luca Fiorito
Including a Symposium on Albert O. Hirschman
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The Research in the History of Economic Methodology (RHETM) 34B, includes original research from preeminent scholars in the field. RHETM is one of the oldest and most respected publications in the field, and the Vol 34B is crucial for economists, methodologists, and historians of the social sciences.
Luca Fiorito
Including a Symposium on Austrian Economics in the Postwar Era
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The Research in the History of Economic Methodology (RHETM) 34A, includes original research from preeminent scholars in the field. RHETM is one of the oldest and most respected publications in the field, and the Vol 34A is crucial for economists, methodologists, and historians of the social sciences.
Elizabeth A. West
Including Learners with Low-Incidence Disabilities
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This Volume focuses on inclusive education for the less than 1 % of school-age population who have been diagnosed with Low-Incidence Disabilities and continue to be marginalized in many ways. This unique contribution provides a wide-range of perspectives on what works to facilitate inclusion in a variety of contexts. In many countries teachers are being asked to ensure that all of their students achieve, regardless of background or disability leaving many grappling with how to facilitate inclusion for learners with low-incidence disabilities. The first section of this text presents strategies and supports for inclusion. It offers the reader examples of good practices that practitioners can employ to improve teaching and learning in their school or classroom for these students and their families. The second section offers a range of international perspectives that illuminate the work being done related to inclusion for learners with low-incidence disabilities within those contexts. This important book highlights the need to include learners with low-incidence disabilities and provides information related to supports and services to achieve that goal across a variety of contexts.
Joanne Deppeler
Inclusive Pedagogy Across the Curriculum
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This volume focuses on an inclusive pedagogical approach for enhancing teaching and learning in key areas of curriculum including: literacy, mathematics, science, social studies, and the arts. In the introductory chapters, the concept of inclusive pedagogy is framed in relation to the actions of teachers in providing quality teaching and learning experiences for everyone in inclusive classrooms. Unlike much of what has previously occurred in inclusive practice the approach does not differentiate by providing alternative teaching and learning for students who are different. Focusing on what is to be learned in a particular subject area, the intention is to avoid the issues associated with defining some learners as different.
Lorenzo Cappellari
Income Inequality Around the World
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Research in Labor Economics 44 takes another in-depth and focussed look at Inequality. This time however it is tied in with well-being of the workforce. Research in Labor Economics volume 44 contains new and innovative research on the causes and consequences of inequality and
well-being of the work force.
Charles Wankel
Increasing Student Engagement and Retention in E-Learning Environments
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Increasing Student Engagement and Retention in e-Learning Environments: Web 2.0 and Blended Learning Technologies examines new research on how online and blended learning technologies are being used in higher education to increase learner engagement in an era of increasing technological convergence and dependence. These enabling technologies are reshaping and reframing the practice of teaching and learning in higher education. Through case studies, surveys, and literature reviews, this volume will examine online and blended technologies are being used to improve academic literacies in students, to create engaging communities of practice, and how these technologies are being used to improve learner motivation and self-empowered learners. This volume will also discuss a framework for adopting and deploying these technologies.
Charles Wankel
Increasing Student Engagement and Retention Using Classroom Technologies
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Increasing Student Engagement and Retention Using Classroom Technologies: Classroom Response Systems and Mediated Discourse Technologies examines new research on how classroom response systems are being used in higher education to increase learner engagement in an epoch of increasing globalization and diversity. These enabling technologies are reshaping and reframing the practice of teaching and learning in higher education. Through case studies, surveys, and literature reviews, this volume will examine how classroom response systems are being used to improve collaboration and interactivity between students, to create engaging social learning communities in the classroom, and how these technologies are being used to create more meaningful and authentic learning experiences. This volume will also discuss a framework for adopting and deploying these technologies.
Charles Wankel
Increasing Student Engagement and Retention Using Immersive Interfaces
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"Increasing Student Engagement and Retention Using Immersive Interfaces: Virtual Worlds, Gaming, and Simulation" uses case studies, surveys, and literature reviews to critically examine how gaming, simulation, and virtualization are being used to improve teamwork and leadership skills in students, create engaging communities of practice, and as experiential learning tools to create inter-cultural, multi-perspective, and global experiences. Chapters include how to increase learner engagement using serious games, using game features for classroom engagement, using client-based peer assessment in multi-role, whole-enterprise simulations, using virtual worlds to develop teacher candidate skills, enhancing leadership skills through virtual simulation, using online video simulation for educational leadership, using augmented reality in education, using open source software in education, using educational robotics laboratories to enhance active learning, and utilizing the virtual learning environment to encourage faculty reflection. This volume will also discuss a framework for deploying and assessing these technologies.
Laura A. Wankel
Increasing Student Engagement and Retention Using Mobile Applications
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Increasing Student Engagement and Retention Using Mobile Applications: Smartphones, Skype and Texting Technologies examines new research on how mobile technologies are being used in higher education to increase learner engagement in an epoch of increasing globalization and diversity. These enabling technologies are reshaping and reframing the practice of teaching and learning in higher education. Through case studies, surveys, and literature reviews, this volume will examine how mobile technologies are being used to improve teamwork and leadership skills in students, to create engaging communities of practice, and how these technologies are being used to create inter-cultural and global experiences. This volume will also discuss frameworks for adopting and deploying these technologies.
Laura A. Wankel
Increasing Student Engagement and Retention Using Multimedia Technologies
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Increasing Student Engagement and Retention Using Multimedia Technologies: Video Annotation, Multimedia Applications, Videoconferencing and Transmedia Storytelling examines new research on how videoconferencing, video annotation, video mapping, and related technologies are being used in higher education to increase learner engagement in an epoch of increasing globalization and diversity. These enabling technologies are reshaping and reframing the practice of teaching and learning in higher education. Through case studies, surveys, and literature reviews, this volume will examine how video, mapping, and related technologies are being used to improve writing/publishing skills, academic literacies in students, and create engaging communities of practice through digital storytelling, narratives, and inter-culturalism. This volume will also discuss a framework for deploying and assessing these technologies.
Charles Wankel
Increasing Student Engagement and Retention Using Online Learning Activities
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"Increasing Student Engagement and Retention using Online Learning Activities: Wikis, Blogs and WebQuests" uses case studies, surveys, and literature reviews to critically examine how these technologies are being used to improve writing and publishing skills, student subject awareness, and literacy create engaging communities of practice, and as experiential learning tools. Chapters include ones on the design for a robust use of wikis, using blogs to enhance student engagement by creating a community of practice around a course, integrating blogs across a range of college level courses, publishing activist biographies on Wikipedia, using blogs to increase off-campus student engagement, using video and wiki technology to engage learners in large international cohorts, using wikis as an experiential learning tool, consuming and constructing knowledge through WebQuests, and rethinking WebQuests in second language teacher education. This volume will also discuss frameworks for deploying and assessing the effectiveness of these technologies.