Poverty, Gender and Life-Cycle under the English Poor Law, 1760-1834
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Examination of welfare during the last years of the Poor Law, bringing out the impact of poverty on particular sections of society - the lone mother and the elderly.
Social welfare, increasingly extensive during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, was by the first third of the nineteenth under considerable, and growing, pressure, during a "crisis" period when levels of poverty soared. This book examines the poor and their families during these final decades of the old Poor Law. It takes as a case study the lived experience of poor families in two Bedfordshire communities, Campton and Shefford, and contrasts it with the perspectives of other participants in parish politics, from the magistracy to the vestry, and from overseers to village ratepayers. It explores the problem of rising unemployment, the provision of parish make-work schemes,charitable provision and the wider makeshift economy, together with the attitudes of the ratepayers. That gender and life-cycle were crucial features of poverty is demonstrated: the lone mother and her dependent children and the elderly dominated the relief rolls. Poor relief might have been relatively generous but it was not pervasive - child allowances, in particular, were restricted in duration and value - and it by no means approximated to the income of other labouring families. Poor families must either have had access to additional resources, or led meagre lives.
Samantha Williams is a university lecturer in local and regional history at the Institute of ContinuingEducation, Cambridge, and a Bye-Fellow in History, Girton College, Cambridge.
Martin Gorsky
Patterns of Philanthropy
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A study of the debate over the control of civic charities during the era of municipal reform.
The nineteenth-century city was characterised by the development of a wide variety of voluntary associations and institutions which set out to address social problems and promote the public good. This book presents a study of voluntarism in the city of Bristol. Attention is focused first on the long-established endowed charities which funded poor relief, almshouses and schools; the author charts the decline of this form of giving in favour of the new benevolent associations of the eighteenth century, reflecting the centrality of the debate over the control of civic charities during the era of municipal reform. The book moves on to look in more depth at the city's many voluntary organisations and societies, presenting a comprehensive picture of developments up to 1870 in such fields as health, education and missionary work to the poor. This is followed by an analysis of the social impact of voluntary activity, and a survey of the limitations of voluntary sector welfare provision.
Martin Gorsky is Senior Lecturer in the History of Public Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London.
Gordon Pentland
Radicalism, Reform and National Identity in Scotland, 1820-1833
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The history of the Reform Acts viewed from a Scottish angle, bringing out its implications for relations with England.
Pentland's work promises to fill a major hole in Scottish historical writing, and to do so in an exciting and innovative way.' COLIN KIDD
Cartulary of prosperous community of Byland, with lands in the North Riding of Yorkshire, Westmorland, and the south of Yorkshire and early interest in iron mining.
The Cistercian community that finally settled at New Byland in Yorkshire had a turbulent start, fighting and feuding with neighbours, but after 1177 a more settled period followed, and Byland grew to enjoy considerable prosperitythrough the lands it acquired in the North Riding of Yorkshire, Westmorland, and in the south of Yorkshire where, with Rievaulx Abbey, Byland was instrumental in the development of iron mining. In the early years of the fifteenthcentury the monks of Byland compiled a cartulary, containing copies of their muniments. The current volume contains a full English calendar of the cartulary, with detailed notes on the documents. The cartulary copies are discussedin relation to the considerable number of original charters surviving from Byland, and antiquarian collections that contain copies of Byland documents no longer extant. The Introduction provides a detailed study of Byland's estates and economic activity, as well as its patrons and benefactors. JANET BURTON is Reader in Medieval History, University of Wales Lampeter.
Jonathan Jarrett
Rulers and Ruled in Frontier Catalonia, 880-1010
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Skilful use of original sources teases out the networks of power and association in what was to become Catalonia.
A frontier both between Christianity and Islam and between Francia and the Iberian Peninsula, the region that later became Catalonia was at the heart of the demographic and cultural expansion of the Carolingian empire between theninth and twelfth centuries. Through the use of charters to generate new ways of looking at medieval history, the author traces previously hidden social networks in this complex and fragmented society; webs of association stretched from counts, the Church and even kings to the ambitious and the locally powerful, the pioneering and the humble, and the standing populations in areas newly brought under government. He builds up a picture of how power was mediated from ruler to subject, and shows how the governing elite mobilised associations and used intermediaries to establish pathways of power, to circumvent their opponents and to secure friendship and mutual cooperation. However, the focus is equally on the smaller histories of the men and women on the land, bringing many ordinary people to life.
Dr Jonathan Jarrett is Departmental Lecturer in the University of Oxford and a Career Development Fellowat Queen's College.
Karin Bowie
Scottish Public Opinion and the Anglo-Scottish Union, 1699-1707
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The Anglo-Scottish union crisis is used to demonstrate the growing influence of popular opinion in this period.
In the early modern period, ordinary subjects began to find a role in national politics through the phenomenon of public opinion: by drawing on entrenched ideological differences, oppositional leaders were able to recruit popularsupport to pressure the government with claimed representations of a national interest. This is particularly well demonstrated in the case of the Anglo-Scottish union crisis of 1699-1707, in which Country party leaders encouragedremarkable levels of participation by non-elite Scots. Though dominant accounts of this crisis portray Scottish opinion as impotent in the face of Court party corruption, this book demonstrates the significance of public opinion in the political process: from the Darien crisis of 1699-1701 to the incorporation debates of 1706-7, the Country party aggressively employed pamphlets, petitions and crowds to influence political outcomes. The government's changing response to these adversarial activities further indicates their rising influence. By revealing the ways in which public opinion in Scotland shaped the union crisis from beginning to end, this book explores the power and limitsof public opinion in the early modern public sphere and revises understanding of the making of the British union.
Dr KARIN BOWIE lectures in History at the University of Glasgow.
Paul Ward
Red Flag and Union Jack
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Examines the relationship between the British left and national identity in socialism's formative years.
It is generally assumed that the language of patriotism and national identity belongs to the political right, but the emergence of socialism in the 1880s shows clearly that the left also drew on such ideas in its formative years to legitimate a particular form of socialism, one presented as a restoration of an English past lost to industrial capitalism. The First World War dealt a severe blow to this radical patriotism: though the anti-war left continued to use radical patriotic language in the early years, the war degraded patriotism generally, while the Russian Revolution gave internationalism a new focus, and also threatened the dominant concept of British socialism. Moderate Labour sought to prove their fitness to govern, and concentrated on the "national interest" rather than oppositional Englishness, while the left of the movement looked to Soviet Russia rather than the English past for models for a future socialist society.
Paul Ward teaches at the School of Music, Humanities and Media, University of Huddersfield.
D.I. Harker, F. Rutherford
Songs from the Manuscript Collection of John Bell
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Includes all those songs from the manuscript collection of John Bell (d. 1864) which throw light on the way of life of the majority of the population of North-East England and the Eastern Borders. Each piece derives ultimately from the life and work of those men and women who were obliged to work for a living, usually with their hands.Texts arranged under the following headings: Soldiers and Sailors, Civil and Political, Coalwork, Country Life, Festivities, Sport and Social Life, Drinking, Courtship, Love Unrequited, Love Satisfied, Children, In Praise of Wedlock, Trouble and Strife, Stories, Fragments.
Xabier Lamikiz
Trade and Trust in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World
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Shows how merchants sought to minimise losses by forging strong bonds of interpersonal trust amongst a range of employees, partners, and clients.
Fruitfully combining approaches from economic history and the cultural history of commerce, this book examines the role of interpersonal trust in underpinning trade, amid the challenges and uncertainties of the eighteenth-centuryAtlantic. It focuses on the nature of mercantile activity in two parts of Spain: Cadiz in the south, and its trade with Spain's American empire; and Bilbao in the north, and its trade with western and northern Europe. In particular, it explores the processes of trade, trading networks and communications, seeking to understand merchant behaviour, especially the choices made by individuals when conducting business - and specifically with whom they chose to deal. Drawing from a broad range of Spanish, Peruvian and British archival sources, the book reveals merchants' experiences of trusting their agents and correspondents, and shows how different factors, from distance to legalframeworks and ethnicity, affected their ability to rely on their contacts.
Xabier Lamikiz is Associate Professor of Economic History at the University of the Basque Country. .
Louise J. Wilkinson
Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire
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A detailed investigation of the place of women in thirteenth-century society, using individual case studies to reappraise orthodox opinion.
This book offers the first regional study of women in thirteenth-century England, making pioneering use of charters, chronicles, government records and some of the earliest manorial court rolls to examine the interaction of gender, status and life-cycle in shaping women's experiences in Lincolnshire. The author investigates the lives of noblewomen, gentlewomen, townswomen, peasant women, criminal women and women religious from a variety of angles. Not onlydoes she consider how far women were partners alongside men, especially within the family, but she also explores whether they might have been both at once constrained and yet, to an extent, empowered by religious and biological ideas about gender difference which found expression in inheritance practices and the common law. Valuable light on the avenues for political influence open to elite women is shed through case studies of Nicholaa de la Haye (d. 1230), sheriff of Lincoln, Hawise de Quency (d. 1243), countess of Lincoln, and Margaret de Lacy (d. 1266), countess of Lincoln. The book also addresses women's roles within the rural and urban labour markets before the Black Death.
LOUISE J. WILKINSON is Professor of Medieval Studies, University of Lincoln,
Emma Cownie
Religious Patronage in Anglo-Norman England, 1066-1135
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Anglo-Norman aristocratic patronage of Anglo-Saxon monasteries in post-Conquest England examined.
Although the Norman Conquest of 1066 swept away most of the secular and ecclesiastical leaders of pre-Conquest England, it held some positive aspects for English society, such as its effects on Anglo-Saxon monastic foundations, which this study explores. The first part deals in depth with five individual case studies (Abingdon, Gloucester, Bury St Edmunds, St Albans and St Augustine's, Canterbury) as well as Fenland and other houses, showing how despite mixed fortunes the major houses survived to become the richest in England. The second part places the experiences of the houses in the context of structural changes in religious patronage as well as within the social and political nexus of the Anglo-Norman realm. Dr Cownie analyses the pattern of gifts to religious houses on both sides of the Channel, looking at the reasons why they were made.
EMMA COWNIE gained her Ph.D. from the University of Wales at Cardiff.
H.T. Dickinson
The Correspondence of Sir James Clavering (1680-1748)
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Sir James Clavering (1680-1748) was a typical member of the lesser gentry in County Durham, but he had widespread family connections throughout the North East and became interested in national politics and the coal-trade. Collection contains letters from Anne Clavering, Thomas Yorke and John Yorke, miscellaneous business letters, letters from his wife, Catherine and to his son, George.
Ian Mortimer
The Dying and the Doctors
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A survey of the changes in medical care for those approaching death in the early modern period.
From the sixteenth century onwards, medical strategies adopted by the seriously ill and dying changed radically, decade by decade, from the Elizabethan age of astrological medicine to the emergence of the general practitioner in the early eighteenth century. It is this profound revolution, in both medical and religious terms, as whole communities' hopes for physical survival shifted from God to the doctor, that this book charts. Drawing on more than eighteen thousand probate accounts, it identifies massive increases in the consumption of medicines and medical advice by all social groups and in almost all areas. Most importantly, it examines the role of the towns in providing medical services to rural areas and hinterlands [using the diocese of Canterbury as a particular focus], and demonstrates the extending ranges of physicians', surgeons' and apothecaries' businesses. It also identifies a comparable revolution in community nursing, from its unskilled status in 1600 to a more exclusive one by 1700.
IAN MORTIMER holds PhD and DLitt degrees from the University of Exeter. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 1998.
Deirdre Palk
Gender, Crime and Judicial Discretion, 1780-1830
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Crimes in England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were both committed and judged differently, depending on whether the culprit was male or female. Based on a wide range of primary material, this book follows the journeys of men and women implicated in the capital crimes of shoplifting, pickpocketing and distributing forged banknotes, through their trials and on to death, transportation, imprisonment or even to complete freedom. This study of the English judicial system in London provides a detailed view of its complex workings, with particular attention to the role, and apparently more lenient treatment, of women. The evidence presented also sheds light on the complex decision-making policies of a criminal justice administration burdened by the weight of increasing criminal business. DEIRDRE PALK is an independent researcher in eighteenth and nineteenth-century social and administrativehistory.
Stephen M. Lee
George Canning and Liberal Toryism, 1801-27
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A survey of the political career of George Canning, showing how he contributed to a radical change in British party politics.
Winner of the Royal Historical Society's 2009 Whitfield Book Prize. George Canning, one of the most charismatic and divisive figures in British political history, was at the centre of Hanoverian politics for nearly four decades. This study looks at how Canning emerged in the years between 1801 and his death in 1827 as the leading exponent of a distinctive form of Liberal Toryism in parliament and in the country at large. In contrast to the majority of works on Canning and his impact of British foreign policy, it concentrates on Canning's domestic career: his emergence from the shadow of Pitt after 1801; his disillusionment with old-fashioned factionalism in the years after Pitt's death in 1806; his experiences as MP for Liverpool [1812-23]; his political thought; his relationships with the middle classes and his contribution to the evolution of the idea of 'public opinion'; his role in the 'high' periodof Liberal Toryism [1822-7]; and, finally, his central part in the break-up of the Tory party in 1827 in the aftermath of Lord Liverpool's incapacitating stroke. His achievement is thus shown to lie as much in the realm of domestic party politics as in foreign relations and diplomacy. And by looking at Canning's career over the longer term, the book argues that Liberal Toryism was not simply a flourish of post-war economic liberalism, but a fundamental reshaping of British party politics in the aftermath of the French revolution.
John Crawford Hodgson
North Country Diaries (Second Series).
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Journal of Sir William Brereton, 1635. Autobiography of Sir John Gibson, 1655. Jacob Bee's Chronicle. Mark Browell's Diary. The Family of Mark Akenside, the Poet. Two letters of Bishop Warburton. Northern Journeys of BishopRichard Pococke. Diary of John Dawson of Brunton. Each entry is preceded by an introduction. See volume 118.
Paul Readman
Land and Nation in England
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New examination of how land politics were closely entwined with the idea of Englishness.
The land question loomed large in late Victorian and Edwardian politics, playing a major part in Conservative, Liberal and Labour policymaking: in the context of concern about the faltering agricultural economy and the effects oflarge-scale rural-urban migration, land reforms were hotly debated in and out of parliament as never before. This book offers the first full-length study of the relationship between Englishness and the politics of land. It explores the ideas and cultural attitudes that informed political positions on the land question, from paternalist "pure squire Conservatism" to patriotic radical visions of pre-enclosure England: the author underlines how the land question excited political passion and controversy because it involved contested issues of national identity, national character and race. By examining how land politics functioned as a site for patriotic debate, the book offers fresh insights into the ideological significance of contemporary nationalistic discourse, which in the British context has more usually been associated with war and empire than apparently "domestic" issues. In doing so, it argues for the importance of rural - but not necessarily reactionary - constructions of Englishness in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century England.
Dr PAUL READMAN is Lecturer in Modern History at King's College London.
Claire Taylor
Heresy in Medieval France
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Investigation of heresy in south-west France, including a new assessment of the role of Catharism and the Albigensian Crusade.
Heresy was a recurrent problem for the established church throughout the middle ages, and it is here examined in the context of the medieval duchy of Aquitaine. The author traces forms of dissent there back to the influence of Balkan dualism, indicating the vast spread of heretical ideas throughout Europe. She goes on to offer an account of Catharism in north-western Languedoc, using neglected evidence for its reception and rejection by the families and towns of the county of Agen to shed light on heretical adherence in the Languedoc more widely, in peace-time, during the Albigensian Crusade, and under the Inquisition.
Dr CLAIRE TAYLOR teaches in the Department of History at the University of Nottingham.
Joyce W. Percy
York Memorandum Book. Volume III
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Originally known as B/Y, now classified as E20A. Contains ordinances of the city's craft guilds, descriptions of the city boundaries, amounts collected from parishes towards the Fifteenth and Tenth, deeds, leases of city propertyand many other items relating to civic administration and the trade and life of York from the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries. Deeds are calendared and all other Latin entries are translated. Entries in English are transcribed literally. See also volumes 120, 125. Civic admin, life and trade of York.
Karin Bowie
Scottish Public Opinion and the Anglo-Scottish Union, 1699-1707
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The Anglo-Scottish union crisis is used to demonstrate the growing influence of popular opinion in this period.
The common perception of the Anglo-Scottish Union of 1707 as a "political job", stitched up by a corrupt Scottish elite behind closed doors, is robustly challenged in this study, which shows how public debate and the mobilisationof popular opinion shaped the union crisis from beginning to end. It considers how the Country party sought to influence political outcomes by aggressively encouraging the public expression of oppositional opinion in pamphlets, petitions and crowds, from the Darien crisis of 1699-1701 to the parliamentary debates on incorporation in 1706-7. It also examines the government's changing response to these adversarial activities and its growing acceptance of theneed to court Scottish public opinion. This book explores the meaning, legitimacy and power of public opinion in early modern politics and revises our understanding of how an incorporating British union came to be made in 1707. It is a significant contribution to the political, social and cultural history of a period and an event that remains contentious to this day.
Dr KARIN BOWIE lectures in History at the University of Glasgow.
Joseph M. Fewster
The Keelmen of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1638-1852
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Edition, with full notes and introduction, of documents fundamental for our understanding of a major group of workers.
"There is in Newcastle upon Tyne of keelmen, watermen, and other labourers, above 1800 able men, the most of them being Scottish men and Borderers which came out of the Tynedale and Reddesdale." Thus begins a report of 1638 lamenting yet another "strike", which opens this volume. For hundreds of years, the coal of the north-east of England was transported down the River Tyne by keels - shallow-drafted barges, with a large sail, and a single giant oar. The work of manning such vessels from the point at which coal reached the river, to where the crew of the keel loaded it into sea-going ships bound for the east coast, for London, and further afield, was hazardous, unpleasant, very physically demanding, yet poorly rewarded. The struggles of the keelmen to improve their lot, retain their livelihoods, and maintain themselves and their families in sickness and old age gained them a reputation as unruly, even dangerous. Yet they also demonstrated a close working solidarity years before trade unionism was established, as well as providing independent charitable support for themselves.
This volume brings together much varied primary source material relating to the keelmen from many local and national archives. Letters from the city of Newcastle's local authorities to Cabinet Ministers from Robert Harley, through the duke of Newcastle, to Robert Peel, complaining of the keelmen's behaviour, and demanding government support in dealing with them, are a constant theme. But the keelmen also had their supporters, including the writer Daniel Defoe. Covering over 200 years of keelmen's activity, the volume covers strikes, riots, prosecutions (of rioting keelmen but also those who proclaimed "Bonnie" Prince Charles king of England in 1750), impressment by the Navy - keelmen were in high demand - and the efforts to establish charitable foundations for the men and their families, concluding with the decay of their "hospital" in 1852. A full introduction to the volume sets all these documents in the context of their times.
Elizabeth T. Hurren
Protesting about Pauperism
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A fresh look at the complex question of outdoor poor relief in the nineteenth century.
The consequences of extreme poverty were a grim reality for all too many people in Victorian England. The various poor laws implemented to try to deal with it contained a number of controversial measures, one of the most radical and unpopular being the crusade against outdoor relief, during which central government sought to halt all welfare payments at home. Via a close case study of Brixworth union in Northamptonshire, which offers an unusually richcorpus of primary material and evidence, the author looks at what happened to those impoverished men and women who struggled to live independently in a world-without-welfare outside the workhouse. She retraces the experiences ofelderly paupers evicted from almshouses, of the children of the aged poor prosecuted for parental maintenance, of dying paupers who were refused medical care in their homes, and of women begging for funeral costs in an attempt toprevent the bodies of their loved ones being taken for dissection by anatomists. She then shows how increasing democratisation gave the labouring poor the means to win control of the poor law.
ELIZABETH T. HURREN is a Reader in the Medical Humanities, University of Leicester.
Richard Goddard
Lordship and Medieval Urbanisation: Coventry, 1043-1355
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An examination of Coventry's process of urbanisation from its origins in the Anglo-Saxon past to the eve of the Black Death.
The processes by which medieval urban communities were formed and developed can be clearly seen in this study of Coventry. Following a survey of Domesday evidence, the book goes on to look at the mechanisms for economic growth inCoventry during the twelfth century, in which both lay and monastic lords played a significant part. Coventry in the thirteenth century reveals other issues: migration to and from the town, the occupational structure within Coventry, and the urban land market. The story of Coventry's development into the fourteenth century ranges over trade, manufacturing and occupations, and notes changes in the land market. Making extensive use of the town's rich documentation, this study presents the reader with a closely argued analysis of the stages by which Coventry developed from its origins in the Anglo-Saxon past to a vibrant and wealthy urban community on the eve of the Black Death.
Dr RICHARD GODDARD teaches in the School of History, University of Nottingham.
T. Woodcock
Dictionary of British Arms Medieval [4 volume set]
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The 4 volume set provides a complete dictionary, an invaluable reference for studying or working with medieval British coats of arms.
The Dictionary is the result of a 1926 bequest to the Society of Antiquaries for the production of a new edition of Papworth's Ordinary which has remained, since its publication in 1874, the principal tool for the identification of British coats of arms. An Ordinary, in this context, is a collection of arms arranged alphabetically according to their designs, as opposed to an armory which is arranged alphabetically by surname. Now complete, the Dictionary covers the period before the beginning of the heraldic visitations in 1530. The publication of its fourth and final volume means that the wide range of people interested in medieval arms - historians, antiquaries, archaeologists, genealogists and those dealing in and collecting medieval objects - are able to identify accurately the arms that occur in a medieval context. Even those without a knowledge of the subject will be able, by means of the index, to discover the blazon of arms recorded under particular surnames in the Middle Ages. The set is, therefore, an essential reference that will remain the standard work for generations to come.
Louise J. Wilkinson
Women in Thirteenth-Century Lincolnshire
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A detailed investigation of the place of women in thirteenth-century society, using individual case studies to reappraise orthodox opinion.
This book offers the first regional study of women in thirteenth-century England, making pioneering use of charters, chronicles, government records and some of the earliest manorial court rolls to examine the interaction of gender, status and life-cycle in shaping women's experiences in Lincolnshire. The author investigates the lives of noblewomen, gentlewomen, townswomen, peasant women, criminal women and women religious from a variety of angles. Not onlydoes she consider how far women were partners alongside men, especially within the family, but she also explores whether they might have been both at once constrained and yet, to an extent, empowered by religious and biological ideas about gender difference which found expression in inheritance practices and the common law. Valuable light on the avenues for political influence open to elite women is shed through case studies of Nicholaa de la Haye (d. 1230), sheriff of Lincoln, Hawise de Quency (d. 1243), countess of Lincoln, and Margaret de Lacy (d. 1266), countess of Lincoln. The book also addresses women's roles within the rural and urban labour markets before the Black Death.
LOUISE J. WILKINSON is Professor of Medieval Studies, University of Lincoln.
Amanda Flather
Gender and Space in Early Modern England
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A nuanced re-evaluation of the ways in which gender affected the use of physical space in early modern England.
Space was not simply a passive backdrop to a social system that had structural origins elsewhere; it was vitally important for marking out and maintaining the hierarchy that sustained social and gender order in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England. Gender had a considerable influence on its use and organization; status and gender were displayed physically and spatially every moment of the day, from a person's place at table to the bed on which he orshe slept, in places of work and recreation, in dress, gesture and modes of address.
Space was also the basis for the formation of gender identities which were constantly contested and restructured, as this book shows.Examining in turn domestic, social and sacred spaces and the spatial division of labour in gender construction, the author demonstrates how these could shift, and with them the position and power of women. She shows that the ideological assumption that all women are subject to all men is flawed, and exposes the limitations of interpretations which rely on the model and binary opposition of public/private, male/female, to describe gender relations and theirchanges across the period, thus offering a much more complex and picture than has hitherto been perceived. The book will be essential reading not just for historians of the family and of women, but for all those studying early modern social history.
AMANDA FLATHER is a lecturer in the Department of History at the University of Essex.
Dorothy Edwards
Northallerton Wills and Inventories, 1666-1719
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Edition of wills and inventories throws new light on early modern economic history.
This collection of 153 wills and inventories provides a vivid insight into the socio-economic life of the small Yorkshire market town of Northallerton during a time of growing prosperity, when its position on the main road to thenorth also enabled it to prosper from wider trading links. Trades and professions represented in the collection include yeomen, merchants, tallow chandlers, weavers, a maltman, innkeepers and a wide range of leather workers; the documents collected here provide a wealth of information regarding their houses and their contents, lifestyles and standards of living in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The volume also contains an extensive glossary of obsolete and dialect terms; a substantial introduction, discussing the history of the town during this period; and comprehensive notes.
Christine M Newman is an Honorary Fellow in the Department of History, Durham University; Dorothy Edwards worked in teacher training at Northampton University, and is a local historian.
Mary Ann Lyons
Franco-Irish Relations, 1500-1610
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An examination of the various dimensions - political, social and economic - to the evolution of Franco-Irish relations in the early modern period.
MARY ANN LYONS is Professor of History at Maynooth University, Republic of Ireland.
Fiona Magowan
Melodies of Mourning
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Presents an ethnographical account of the way that song, dance and musical sensitivity weave into the lives of an aboriginal community of Australia.
Invites the reader to rethink the place of ecology in music and emotion, and how emotions transcend cultural difference. It shows how sounds and the senses shape feelings for the land and seascape, exploring these themes in relation to Yolngu of north east Arnhem Land in Northern Australia. This rich ethnographic study makes a distinctive contribution to the tradition of anthropological analysis which focuses on the located nature of human sensual experience.
FIONA MAGOWAN is a lecturer in Anthropology at Queen's University, Belfast
Series editors: Wendy James and N. J. Allen Australia: University of Western Australia Press
Natasha Glaisyer
The Culture of Commerce in England, 1660-1720
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An examination of how trade and commerce were viewed from the "outside", in a period of vast change.
Late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century England - the period between the Restoration and the South Sea Bubble - was dramatically transformed by the massive cost of fighting wars, and, significantly, a huge increase in the re-export trade. This book seeks to ask how commerce was legitimated, promoted, fashioned, defined and understood in this period of spectacular commercial and financial "revolution". It examines the packaging and portrayal of commerce, and of commercial knowledge, positioning itself between studies of merchant culture on the one hand and of the commercialisation of society on the other. It focuses on four main areas: the Royal Exchange where the London trading community gathered; sermons preached before mercantile audiences; periodicals and newspapers concerned with trade; and commercial didactic literature.
Dr NATASHA GLAISYER teaches in the Department of History at the University of York.
Brenda M. Pask
The Letters of George Davenport, 1651-1677
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Letters written by a clergyman during the late seventeenth century illuminate the religious turmoil of the period.
This book provides an edition of the letters of George Davenport, an Anglican clergyman in the north of England whose adult career covered the period of the Interregnum and the Restoration. Many of the letters are to his former Cambridge tutor, William Sancroft, beginning from 1651 after Sancroft had been expelled from Cambridge, and continuing after the Restoration when Davenport replaced Sancroft as chaplain to John Cosin, bishop of Durham, later becoming Rector of Houghton-le Spring, Durham. They were written to keep Sancroft supplied with information about Durham, where he was a prebendary with license to be non-resident, needing to collect revenues from his living and then torebuild his prebendal house. The earlier letters reveal something about the life of an illegally (since episcopally) ordained young Anglican who, unlike many, did not go into exile but stayed largely in London supported by friends. Davenport eventually became a most conscientious resident parish priest and the letters throw considerable light on the Restoration settlement in the Durham diocese, from the `beautifying' of Houghton church to the catechisingof the people and the collection of tithes from a sometimes tardy flock. Davenport also helped Cosin to Catalogue his famous library and himself gave many manuscripts to it, of which a list is included here as an appendix. The letters are presented here with full introduction and elucidatory notes.
Philip Salmon
Electoral Reform at Work
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The Reform Act of 1832 is shown to have politicised the electorate at all levels, laying the constitutional foundations for the representative democracy of the Victorians.
This book charts the political transformation of Britain that resulted from the "Great" Reform Act of 1832. It argues that this extensively debated parliamentary reform, aided by the workings of the New Poor Law (1834) and Municipal Corporations Act (1835), moved the nation far closer to a "modern" type of representative system than has previously been supposed. Drawing on hitherto neglected local archives and the records of election solicitors, Dr Salmondemonstrates how the Reform Act's practical details, far from being mere "small print", had a profound impact on borough and county politics. Combining computer-assisted electoral analysis with traditional methods, he traces the emergence of new types of voter partisanship and party organisation after 1832, and exposes key differences between the parties which resulted in a remarkable national recovery by the Conservative party. In passing he provides important new perspectives on issues such as MPs' relations with their constituents, the expense and culture of popular politics after 1832, the electoral impact of railway development, and the role of "deference voting" in the counties.
Dr PHILIP SALMON is Editor of the 1832-1945 House of Commons project at the History of Parliament
Thomas Spear
Mountain Farmers
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Studies the impact of colonialism on a mountainous region of Tanzania.
This work examines the struggle between the Meru and Arusha peoples and their German and British rulers over the issue of land and agricultural development on Mount Meru in northern Tanzania. It shows how the Meru and Arashi, faced with an iron ring of land alienated by European settlers successfully intensified their own irrigated agriculture to bring about what has been termed an indigenous agricultural revolution.
Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota
Amanda Goodrich
Debating England's Aristocracy in the 1790s
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Survey of the representation of England's aristocracy in a turbulent time, as its role and function were bitterly debated between radicals and loyalists.
Amanda Goodrich is a lecturer in the history department of the Open University.
Jeremy Burchardt
The Allotment Movement in England, 1793-1873
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The first systematic analysis of the early nineteenth-century allotment movement.
The living standards of the rural poor suffered a severe decline in the first half of the nineteenth century as a result of high population growth, changing agricultural practices, enclosure and the decline of rural industries. Allotment provision was the most important counterweight to the pressures. This book offers the first systematic analysis of the early nineteenth-century allotment movement, providing new data on its chronology and on the number, geographical distribution, size, rents, cultivation yields and effect on living standards of allotments. It thus shows how the movement brought the culture of the rural labouring poor more closely into line with the mainstream values of respectable mid-Victorian England, and casts new light on central aspects of early and mid-nineteenth-century social and economic history, agriculture and rural society.
JEREMY BURCHARDT is lecturer in Rural History,University of Reading.
Robert Lutton
Lollardy and Orthodox Religion in Pre-Reformation England
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An account of how, in certain parts of sixteenth-century England, challenges to conventional piety anticipated the Reformation.
Here is a richly detailed account of the relationship between Lollard heresy and orthodox religion before the English Reformation. Robert Lutton examines the pious practices and dispositions of families and individuals in relationto the orthodox institutions of parish, chapel and guild, and the beliefs and activities of Wycliffite heretics. He takes issue with portrayals of orthodox religion as buoyant and harmonious, and demonstrates that late medieval piety was increasingly diverse and the parish community far from stable or unified. By investigating the generation of family wealth and changing attitudes to its disposal through inheritance and pious giving in the important Lollard centre of Tenterden in Kent, he suggests that rapid economic development and social change created the conditions for a significant cultural shift. This study contends that in certain parts of England by the early sixteenth century piety was subject to dramatic changes which, in a number of important ways, anticipated the Reformation.
Dr ROBERT LUTTON teaches in the Department of History at the University of Nottingham.
Anne Orde
Matthew and George Culley: Farming Letters, 1798-1804
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Letters from two farming brothers provide fascinating insights into rural life at the turn of the eighteenth century.
The brothers Matthew and George Culley were successful farmers in Northumberland in the late eighteenth century. They contributed greatly to the improvement of agriculture in their area and beyond, notably through sheep breeding [the `Culley sheep' or Border Leicester], and also by practising and inculcating the use of modern techniques of husbandry and modern crop varieties. The letters presented here, written to the steward of the farms they ownedin County Durham, give a detailed day by day account of the Culleys' farming activities, advice and instructions on cultivation, the movement and selling of livestock, the state of the markets, local and family news, and commentson the state of the country. Written in a lively, readable style, they provide a vivid picture of and commentary upon the life of northern England at the time of important change in agriculture and society. Dr ANNE ORDE was until her retirement Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Durham.
Mark Connelly
The Great War, Memory and Ritual
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This detailed case study of a part of London shows how both the survivors and the bereaved sought to come to terms with the losses and implications of the Great War.
The modern idea that the Great War was regarded as a futile waste of life by British society in the disillusioned 1920s and 1930s is here called into question by Mark Connelly. Through a detailed local study of a district containing a wide variety of religious, economic and social variations, he shows how both the survivors and the bereaved came to terms with the losses and implications of the Great War. His study illustrates the ways in which communitiesas diverse as the Irish Catholics of Wapping, the Jews of Stepney and the Presbyterian ex-patriate Scots of Ilford, thanks to the actions of the local agents of authority and influence - clergymen, rabbis, councillors, teachers and employers - shaped the memory of their dead and created a very definite history of the war. Close focus on the planning of, fund-raising for, and erection of war memorials expands to a wider examination of how those memorials became a focus for a continuing need to remember, particularly each year on Armistice Day.
Mark Connelly is Professor of Modern British Military History, University of Kent.
Timothy Baycroft
Culture, Identity and Nationalism
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An examination of the evolution of national and cultural identity in French Flanders over a period of 200 years.
This study examines the evolution of national and regional, cultural and political identities in that northern region of France which borders Belgium, over the two centuries which followed the French Revolution. During that time the region was transformed by the development of the industrial economy, population shifts, war and occupation, and numerous changes of political regime. Through an analysis of a wide range of issues, including language, regional and national political movements, educational policy, attitudes towards immigrants and the border, the press, trade unions, and the church - as well as the attitude of the French State - the author questions traditional interpretations of the process of national assimilation in France. At the same time he illustrates how the Franco-Belgian border, originally an arbitrary line through a culturally homogeneous region, became not only a significant marker forthe identity of the French Flemish, but a real cultural division.
TIMOTHY BAYCROFT is lecturer in French history, University of Sheffield.
R.A. Lomas
Durham Cathedral Priory Rentals: Volume I Bursar's Rentals
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An introduction to the office of bursar and its records precedes the five documents dating from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries. Covers the period of transition in the management of estates when, between 1350 and 1418,the direct exploitation of demesnes gave way to a system of leasing. The five documents are: I. Valuation, [c. 1230?]; II. Rent-roll, Pentecost 1270; III. Bursar's Rental, 1340-1 and Sale of Tithes, 1343; IV. Bursar's Rental, 1396-7; V. Bursar's Rent-Book, 1495-6. Ends with a gazeteer giving a description of all the properties accounted for, under the headings of temporalities, spiritualities and obedientiary property.
Ernest N Emenyonu
ALT 27 New Novels in African Literature Today
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This issue of African Literature Today focuses on new novels by emerging as well as established African novelists.
This is a seminal work that discusses the validity of the perception that the new generation of African novelists is remarkably different in vision, style, and worldview from the older generation. The contention is that the oldergeneration novelists who were too close to the colonial period in Africa had invariably made culture-conflict and little else their dominant thematic concern while the younger generation novelists are more versatile in their thematic preoccupations, and are more global in their vision and style. Do the facts in the novels justify and validate these claims? The 13 papers in this volume have been carefully selected to consider these issues. Brenda Cooper a renowned literary scholar from Cape Town writes on Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Purple Hibiscus, while Charles Nnolim writes about Adichie's more recent novel Half of a Yellow Sun; Omar Sougou of Universite GastonBerger, Senegal discusses 'ambivalent inscriptions' in Buchi Emecheta's later novels; Clement Okafor of the University of Maryland, addresses the theme of 'racial memory' in Isidore Okpewho's Call Me By My Rightful Name, juxtaposed between the world of the old and the realities of the present. Joseph McLaren, Hofstra University, New York, discusses Ngugi's latest novel, Wizard of the Crow, while Machiko Oike, Hiroshima University, Japan looksat a new theme in African adolescent literature, 'youth in an era of HIV/AIDS'. There is abundant evidence of the contrasts and diversities which characterize the African novel not only geographically, but also ideologically andgenerationally.
ERNEST EMENYONU is Professor of the Department of Africana Studies University of Michigan-Flint.
Nigeria: HEBN
Maura Hametz
Making Trieste Italian, 1918-1954
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Traces the changing identity and ownership of the important city of Trieste in a turbulent period.
The port of Trieste, standing at a crucial strategic point at the head of the Adriatic, had a turbulent history in the mid-twentieth century. With the disappearance of the Habsburg empire after the First World War, it passed intoItalian hands. During the Second World War, the Nazis reclaimed the city as part of the Reich. In 1945, Trieste slipped through Tito's fingers and was internationalised under Allied military government control, returning to Italian sovereignty in 1954. This book examines Trieste's transformation from an imperial commercial centre at the crossroads of the Italian, German and Balkan worlds to an Italian border city on the southern fringe of the iron curtain. Concentrating on local sources, the book shows how Triestines, renowned for their cosmopolitan Central European affiliations, articulated an Italian civic identity after the First World War, and traces the fitful process ofaffirming Trieste's Italianness over the course of nearly four decades of liberal, Fascist and international rule. It suggests that Italianisation resulted from complicated interactions with Rome and interference by internationalpowers attempting to strengthen western Europe at the edge of the Balkans.
David Andress
Massacre at the Champ de Mars
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The massacre exposed the widely differing ways in which post-Revolutionary Parisians construed the word "patriotism", and why the great Revolutionary goal of political unanimity was so elusive.
On 17 July 1791 the revolutionary National Guard of Paris opened fire on a crowd of protesters: citizens believing themselves patriots trying to save France from the reinstatement of a traitor king. To the National Guard and theirpolitical superiors the protesters were the dregs of the people, brigands paid by counter-revolutionary aristocrats. Politicians and journalists declared the National Guard the patriots, and their action a heroic defence of the fledgling Constitution. Under the Jacobin Republic of 1793, however, this "massacre" was regarded as a high crime, a moment of truth in which a corrupt elite exposed its treasonable designs. This detailed study of the events of July 1791 and their antecedents seeks to understand how Parisians of different classes understood "patriotism", and how it was that their different answers drove them to confront each other on the Champ de Mars.
David Andress is Professor of Modern History at the School of Social, Historical and Literary Studies, University of Portsmouth.
Rachel Hammersley
French Revolutionaries and English Republicans
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An in-depth study of the radical Cordeliers Club and its influence on political and constitutional thought of the time.
Following the cataclysmic events of 1789, some of those involved in the Revolution began to take seriously the possibility of a French republic. Various ideas developed about the form this should take and the models on which it could be based, from those of ancient Greece and Rome, to modern republics such as Geneva or the United States of America. However, a small number of thinkers - centred around the radical, Paris-based Cordeliers Club - looked to thewritings of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English republicans for guidance about realising ancient republican ideals in the modern world. This book offers an intellectual history of the Club, through a close analysisof texts and the relationships between their authors. Its main focus is on individual club members and their translations of and borrowings from the works of such thinkers as Marchamont Nedham, James Harrington, Algernon Sidney and Thomas Gordon: the author shows how the Cordeliers adapted and developed those ideas so as to make them serve contemporary circumstances and concerns, and demonstrates that even after the establishment of a French republic in 1792, members of the Cordeliers Club continued to make use of English republican ideas in order to respond to key constitutional and political questions.
Rachel Hammersley is Senior Lecturer in History at Newcastle University.
D.R. Hainsworth
Commercial Papers of Sir Christopher Lowther, 1611-1644
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Development of Whitehaven, family commercial speculations.
Papers cover 1632-1637 and 1639-1644 and consist of letters, notebooks and miscellaneous documents. Significant for information on Lowther family, early history of Whitehaven and its coal industry, Irish economic history, Englishinternal and overseas trade in 1630s, early industrial developments and the role of the gentry in commerce and manufacturing, especially the part played by younger sons of gentry families. Christopher Lowther's commercial papers throw light on the development of Whitehaven - salt making, coal mining - and other family commercial speculations in Cumberland.Market: Economic history, 17c
David Kerr
African Popular Theatre
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An overview of African popular theatre, its history and contemporary forms
In this survey of theatre forms in sub-Saharan Africa from pre-colonial times to the present day, popular theatre is interpreted widely to include not only conventional drama, but such non-literary forms of performance as dance, mime, dramatised story-telling, masquerades, improvised urban vaudeville theatre, and the theatre of resistance and social action. The book also considers theatre embedded in the modern media of film, radio and television.
Kenya: EAEP
David Sunderland
Managing the British Empire
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First in-depth account of the role played by the Crown Agents in the growth of the colonies.
The Crown Agents Office played a crucial role in colonial development. Acting in the United Kingdom as the commercial and financial agent for the crown colonies, the Agency supplied all non-locally manufactured stores required bycolonial governments, issued their London loans, managed their UK investments, and supervised the construction of their railways, harbours and other public works. In addition, the Office supervised the award of colonial land and mineral concessions, monitored the colonial banking and currency system, and performed a personnel role, paying colonial service salaries and pensions, recruiting technical officers, and arranging the transport of officers, troopsand Indian indentured labour. In this important book, the first in-depth investigation of the Agency, David Sunderland examines each of these services in turn, determining in each case whether the Crown Agents' performance benefited their clients, the UK economy or themselves. His book is thus both an account of a remarkable and unique organisation and a fascinating examination of the "nuts and bolts" of nineteenth-century development.
David Sunderland is Reader in Business History, Greenwich University.
Stephanie C. Salzmann
Great Britain, Germany and the Soviet Union
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Germany and the Soviet Union concluded the treaty of Rapallo together within five years of their defeat in the First World War. The resulting fear of Soviet-German co-operation cast a long shadow over British foreign policy; thisbook traces its influence.
The treaty of Rapallo, concluded in 1922 between Germany and the Soviet Union, the two vanquished powers of the Great War, ranks high among the diplomatic coups de surprise of the twentieth century. Its real importance, however, lies in the repercussions of the alliance on the subsequent policies of the two victorious powers, Britain and France. This study examines the impact of Rapallo on British foreign policy between 1922 and 1934, when the German-Soviet relationship had virtually ended. The "ghost of Rapallo" is the central theme of this story, as ever since the treaty's conclusion Rapallo has been a byword for Soviet-German secret and potentially dangerous collaboration. This book describes how the British viewed the Rapallo co-operation, how they dealt with this special relationship, and how the lingering memory of Rapallo affected British policy for decades to come. While examining a particular aspect of international relations it throws additional light on broader topics of European relations in the 1920s and early 1930s.
Dr Stephanie Salzmann completed her PhD at Trinity Hall, Cambridge.
Eldred Jones
ALT 14 Insiders & Outsiders: African Literature Today
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The re-issue of archival volumes ALT 1 to ALT 14 makes the complete series available and provides the historical perspective of these early contributions to the literature and its criticism.
A study of the development of English opinion on the American Civil War, paying special attention to the issues of slavery, neutral rights, democracy, republicanism, trade and propaganda - a new interpretation.
At the end of the American Civil War, both North and South condemned Britain for allegedly sympathising with the other side. Yet after the conflict, a traditional interpretation of the subject arose which divided English sentimentbetween progressivism siding with the Union and conservatism supporting the Confederacy. Despite historians subsequently questioning whether English opinion can be so easily divided, challenging certain aspects and arguments of this version of events, the traditional interpretation has persevered and remains the dominant view of the subject. This work posits that English public and political opinion was not, in fact, split between two such opposing camps- rather, that most in England were suspicious of both sides in the conflict, and even those who did take sides did not consist largely of any one particular social or political group. Covering the period from 1861 to 1865,Campbell traces the development of English opinion on the American Civil War, looking particularly at reaction to issues of slavery, neutral rights, democracy, republicanism, American expansionism,trade and propaganda. In so doing he offers a new interpretation of English attitudes towards the American Civil War. DUNCAN ANDREW CAMPBELL lectures at the Department of American Studies, University of Maryland Baltimore County.
Elizabeth Playne, G. de Boer
Lonsdale Documents
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Personal/legal correspondence re Sunk Island; history and survey of the island, 1797.
Letters, dating 1799-1804, of Rev. John Lonsdale concerning his efforts to secure a new lease of the Crown estate of Sunk Island in the River Humber in which he had acquired an interest by marriage, and letters to his wife Elizabeth while he resided in London at a critical stage in these negotiations. Also includes an account and history of Sunk Island and the survey of it made in 1797. Social history; legal history.
Rory McEntegart
Henry VIII, the League of Schmalkalden, and the English Reformation
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England's first Protestant foreign policy initiative, an alliance with German Protestants, is shown to have been a significant influence on the Henrician Reformation.
England's first Protestant foreign policy venture took place under Henry VIII, who in the wake of the break with Rome pursued diplomatic contacts with the League of Schmalkalden, the German Protestant alliance. This venture was supported by evangelically-inclined counsellors such as Thomas Cromwell and Thomas Cranmer, while religiously conservative figures such as Cuthbert Tunstall, John Stokesley and Stephen Gardiner sought to limit such contacts. The king's own involvement reflected these opposed reactions: he was interested in the Germans as alliance partners and as a consultative source in establishing the theology of his own Church, but at the same time he was reluctant to accept all the religious innovations proposed by the Germans and their English advocates. This study breaks new ground in presenting religious ideology, rather than secular diplomacy, as the motivation behind Anglo-Schmalkaldicnegotiations. Relations between England and the League exerted a considerable influence on the development of the king's theology in the second half of the reign, and hence affected the redirection of religious policy in 1538, thepassing of the Act of Six Articles, the marriage of Henry to Anne of Cleves and the fall of Thomas Cromwell. The examination of the development of Henry's religious thinking is set in the wider context of the foreign policy imperatives of the German Protestants, the ministerial priorities of Thomas Cromwell and factional politics at the court of Henry VIII.
RORY McENTEGART is Academic Director of American College Dublin.
Eldred Durosimi Jones
ALT 1-4: African Literature Today
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The re-issue of archival volumes ALT 1 to ALT 14 makes the complete series available and provides the historical perspective of these early contributions to the literature and its criticism.
Civil War, Interregnum and Restoration in Gloucestershire, 1640-1672
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A detailed study of kinship and social and educational ties in Gloucestershire between 1640 and 1672.
Recent studies of particular areas during the Civil War have shown how kinship and social and educational ties, far from reinforcing county isolationism, frequently drew inhabitants into a far wider network and divided existing loyalties. Following this approach, Dr Warmington's examination of the history of Gloucestershire during the period begins with the descent into war between 1640 and 1642, showing how the two sides formed and why the Parliamentarians had the more durable war machine. He goes on to consider the anarchic situation between 1645 and 1649 and the series of new experiments in government which followed until 1660, undertaken by an almost entirely new governing group of minor gentlemen, elevated through military service to the regime and by religious affiliations. The attempted rebellion of 1659 is examined in detail, and the book concludes with a look at the Restoration of the Stuart dynasty, the Anglican Church, and the sons of the pre-war county ruling elite, exploring how the new regime compared with its Cromwellian predecessors. ANDREW WARMINGTONwas formerly senior research assistant in history at theUniversity of Durham, following a First Class degree from York and a D.Phil. from St Peter's College, Oxford. He is now a freelance research analyst.
D.J. Rowe
The Records of the Company of Shipwrights of Newcastle upon Tyne 1622-1967. Volume I
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Orders made by the company, resolutions etc. passed at meetings, and selected annual accounts of the Company which illustrate the development and history of the company.
Original records contained in 13 volumes. Presented in three sections: Orders made by the company, reproduced almost in entirety, Resolutions etc. passed at meetings, and Annual Accounts of the Company, a selection of those whichbest illustrate the development and history of the company. See volume 184.
David M. Hopkin
Soldier and Peasant in French Popular Culture, 1766-1870
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A study of the differing views of the conscript based on evidence along the eastern border of France. The popular idea of the swaggering military folk-hero, a potent image for the peasant-conscript, contrasts with the elitist viewof conscription as "the nation in arms".
Revolutionary France gave the modern world the concept of the "nation-in-arms", a potent combination of nationalism, militarism and republicanism embodied in the figure of the conscript. But it was not a concept shared by those most affected by conscription, the peasantry, who regarded the soldier as representative of an entirely different way of life. Concentrating on the militarised borderlands of eastern France, this book examines the disjuncture between the patriotic expectations of elites and the sentiments expressed in popular songs, folktales and imagery. Hopkin follows the soldier through his life-cycle to show how the peasant recruit was separated from his previous life and re-educated in military mores; and he demonstrates how the state-sponsored rituals of conscription and the popular imagery aimed at adolescent males portrayed the army as a place where young men could indulge in adventure far from parental and communal restraints. The popular idea of moustachioed military folk-heroes contributed more to the process of turning "peasants into Frenchmen" than the mythology of the "nation-in-arms". WINNER OF THE 2002 RHS GLADSTONE PRIZE.
David M. Hopkin is tutor and fellow in history at Hertford College, Oxford University.
Ian Packer
Lloyd George, Liberalism and the Land
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The land question and its importance to the Liberal Party and British politics.
In the late nineteenth century Britain was one of the most urbanised societies in the world, yet land reform remained an important element in its politics. This book explores this paradox through an examination of the Liberal Party's increasing interest in the English dimension of the land question. Most historians have dismissed this phenomenon as a product of romantic views about the English countryside and Liberalism's failure to engage with the problems of urban society. In contrast, the author argues that English land reform was important to Liberals because it both expressed their deeply-held hostility to landowners and functioned as a variety of strategies to win electoral support and deal with pressing political issues. Moreover, while Liberals did not always benefit from their association with the land question, it became a matter of crucial significance in 1909-14, when Lloyd George unlocked its potential as an election-winning asset and used it to form a bridge between traditional radicalism and the New Liberalism.Dr IAN PACKER teaches in the School of Modern History at the Queen's University, Belfast.
Ronald D. Cassell
Medical Charities, Medical Politics
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An examination of Ireland's advanced mid nineteenth-century health policy, focusing on the Medical Charities Act of 1851 and the Irish Poor Law Commission.
Should be read by...every specialist in public administration in Ireland and England during the nineteenth century. ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW **`Choice' Outstanding Academic Book of 1998** In mid-nineteenth-century Ireland there existed a system of medical relief for the poor, via a country-wide system of dispensaries, superior to any public health system in England and arguably in Europe. This book examines the dispensary system and Irish healthpolicy and administration in general, focusing upon the Medical Charities Act of 1851, which placed medical relief under the control of the Irish Poor Law Commission. The Commission's origin, motivation and effect (for example onepidemic control, cholera and famine) are analysed in detail, together with the pre-famine medical charities it replaced and the reorganised poor law system, taking the story through to 1872. The argument is set firmly in the context of the pattern of government growth, of British medical politics as a whole, and of British policy in Ireland; it also shows how the Irish experience influenced developing British policies on health provision. R.D. CASSELL is Professor of History at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
D.H.B. Chesshyre, T. Woodcock
Dictionary of British Arms: Medieval Ordinary I
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The first of a four-volume Ordinary covering the period before 1530, an invaluable reference for historians, antiquaries, archaeologists, genealogists and those dealing in and collecting medieval objects. Listed in this volume areentries from Anchor to Bend.
This book is designed to enable those with a working knowledge of heraldry to identify medieval British coats of arms. An Ordinary, in this context, is a collection of arms arranged alphabetically according to their designs, as opposed to an armory which is arranged alphabetically by surname. Listed in this volume are entries from Anchor to Bend. This present work is the first of a four-volume Ordinary covering the period before 1530, which is the point at which heraldic visitations for the purpose of collecting information about arms began, and which marks the appearance of the modern heraldic system. Its publication will mean that the wide range of people interested in medieval arms - historians, antiquaries, archaeologists, genealogist and those dealing in and collecting medieval objects - will be able to identify accurately the arms that occur in a medieval context. Arms were widely displayed in the middle ages and can be found not only on tombs, monuments and seals, but also on textiles, manuscripts, metalwork, glass, wall paintings and other medieval artefacts. The index acts as an armory, and allows the reader to discover the blazons of arms recorded for particular surnames in the medieval period. It will thus be a key tool for anyone researching medieval families and their history, and represents a remarkable achievement on the part of the manyexperts who have contributed to it.
Kathleen Thompson
Power and Border Lordship in Medieval France
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The emergence of the northern French county of the Perche, and the rise of the Rotrou family from obscure origins to princely power, 11-13c.
This is the first modern account of the emergence of the northern French county of the Perche, and the rise of a relatively minor noble family from obscure origins to princely power. The Rotrou family ruled the Perche from aroundthe year 1000 until 1226. They took part in many of the most famous military engagements of the middle ages, from the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 to the recovery of territory from the Muslims in twelfth-century Spain. Theirinvolvement in crusading initiatives was told in the popular poetry of the day, and they came to number the kings of France, England, Aragon and Sicily, as well as the Holy Roman Emperor, among their kinsmen. This narrativeexplains the family's transformation and consolidation of its position in the context of a vibrant and expanding society in the years after 1000, looking at their territorial ambitions, construction of a feudal clientele and operation of lordship through female family.
Dr KATHLEEN THOMPSON is Honorary Research Fellow, University of Sheffield.
Keir Waddington
Charity and the London Hospitals, 1850-1898
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A study of the development of the hospital as a economic, medical and voluntary institution in the second half of the nineteenth century.
By the 1890s Victorians assumed that London's hospitals were facing an endemic financial crisis which was so severe that some feared the state might have to intervene to support an ailing voluntary system: charity both underpinnedLondon's hospitals and proved insufficient to meet the ever-increasing cost of care, despite the ability of those running the hospitals to pick the pockets of the benevolent. Charity and the London Hospitals takes these themes to study the development of the hospital as an economic, medical, and voluntary institution in the second half of the nineteenth century. Drawing on a comparative study of hospital records, the author investigates how and why Victorians contributed to show that benevolence was rarely amenable to a single form or reason, moving on to argue that though it remained central to the hospitals' raison d'être, philanthropy's contribution was modified at a financial and administrative level as hospitals shifted from being philanthropic to medical institutions. Why this process occurred and the impact of professionalisation and scientific medicine are also assessed, as are the debates surrounding hospitals and the state at the end of the nineteenth century.
KEIR WADDINGTON is Professor of History at Cardiff University.
Aderanti Adepoju
Gender, Work and Population in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Examines evidence from across the region and highlights important areas in which policy-relevant research is required.
If policies enhancing human development are to be put into practice then consideration is needed of the contribution of women to the labour market in sub-Saharan Africa, where women have the highest rates of economic activity andfertility in a context of the highest levels of maternal and child mortality in the world.
Published in association with the International Labour Office (ILO)
Sarah Hamilton
The Practice of Penance, 900-1050
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Penitential practice in the Holy Roman Empire 900-1050, examined through records in church law, the liturgy, monastic and other sources.
This study examines all forms of penitential practice in the Holy Roman Empire under the Ottonian and Salian Reich, c.900 - c.1050. This crucial period in the history of penance, falling between the Carolingians' codification of public and private penance, and the promotion of the practice of confession in the thirteenth century, has largely been ignored by historians. Tracing the varieties of penitential practice recorded in church law, the liturgy, monastic practice, narrative and documentary sources, Dr Hamilton's book argues that many of the changes previously attributed to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries can be found earlier in the tenth and early eleventh centuries. Whilst acknowledging that there was a degree of continuity from the Carolingian period, she asserts that the period should be seen as having its own dynamic. Investigating the sources for penitential practice by genre, sheacknowledges the prescriptive bias of many of them and points ways around the problem in order to establish the reality of practice in this area at this time. This book thus studies the Church in action in the tenth and eleventh centuries, the reality of relations between churchmen, and between churchmen and the laity, as well as the nature of clerical aspirations. It examines the legacy left by the Carolingian reformers and contributes to our understanding of pre-Gregorian mentalities in the period before the late eleventh-century reforms.
SARAH HAMILTON teaches in the Department of History, University of Exeter.
Kenji Yoshida
Preserving the Cultural Heritage of Africa
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Addresses the continuing problems of the export of art and artefacts from Africa, and also of the design and target audiences of exhibitions both within and outside the continent.
The outflow of archaeological or artistic work from Africa, together with the ways of exhibiting African treasures outside Africa, are emerging as serious issues both in political and ethical terms. They are typified by a series of hot disputes concerning the legality of the exhibition of Nok terracotta pieces from Nigeria in the Louvre. Meanwhile in Africa, there has been an upsurge of active efforts by many ethnic groups - in Mali, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, South Africa and elsewhere - to create or re-create their own cultures by reviewing their cultural legacy. The book discusses the question: 'How should Africa's cultural heritage be preserved?' Scholars and museum professionals fromAfrica, Europe, America and Japan clarify the significance of 'Cultural Heritage' for African people in postcolonial Africa. They also explore how scholars and museum professionals outside Africa can support African colleagues inhanding down their cultural legacy to future generations.
Kenji Yoshida is Professor at the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan; John Mack, formerly Keeper of Ethnography at the British Museum, is Professor of World Art at the University of East Anglia. The contributors include: RUMI UMINO, GODFREY MAHACHI, TEREBA TOGOLA, GEORGE S. MUDENDA, JASPER MORGAN CHALCRAFT, NORIKO AIKAWA-FAURE, ANITRA NETTLETON, MOYO OKEDIJI, YUKIYA KAWAGUCHI, TETSUYA KAMEI, MARY NOOTER ROBERTS, SHOICHIRO TAKEZAWA and KIPROP LAGAT
South Africa: Unisa Press (PB)
Jane Long
Conversations in Cold Rooms
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A study of poor women in 19c Northumberland, showing how their poverty was exacerbated by their gender and by prevailing attitudes towards women.
In what ways did gender influence the shape of poverty, and of poor women's work, in Victorian England? This book explores the issue in the context of nineteenth-century Northumberland, examining urban and rural conditions for women, poor relief debates and practices, philanthropic activity, working-class cultures, and `protective' intervention in women's employment. The way in which cultural codes were constructed around women, both by those who observedand imagined them and by the women themselves, is investigated, together with other related contemporary discourses. While looking closely at the north-eastern context, the book's broader themes have important implications for debates within feminist history and theory. The author argues throughout that close attention to the links between material conditions and cultural representations of women both illuminates the intricate dynamics of working-class femininity and forces a reappraisal of the gendered nature of poverty itself in Victorian life and imagination. JANE LONG is currently lecturer in women's studies at the University of Western Australia.
Richard Sharpe
Foundation Documents from St Mary's Abbey, York: 1085-1137
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Edition of important documents from one of the major monastic centres of medieval England.
In the wake of the Conqueror's ravaging of the North in the course of the rebellion and Danish invasion of 1069-70 the devastated city of York had to be largely rebuilt. The Conqueror himself contributed a major new abbey built in the west of the city, no doubt in a spirit of penitence for the wasting of the city and county carried out by his troops. The community's origins were not straightforward. It had begun in the early 1080s as a struggling monastic settlement on the ancient site of Lastingham on the North York Moors under its charismatic leader, Stephen. Around 1085 the community was adopted by the king and translated to the western quarter of York, to a site which had previously been the "burh" of the earl of Northumbria. The Conqueror made a creative use of the new Norman elite of Yorkshire to endow and secure the new abbey, an enterprise adopted and extended by his son William II Rufus in 1088. By the end of Abbot Stephen's term of office his abbey had absorbed a remarkable number of land grants from a variety of greater and lesser aristocrats across the North and East Ridings, as well as spawned two daughter houses in Cumbria. This new study uncovers in meticulous detail the manoeuvres of the king, the abbot and the aristocracy of Yorkshire as each looked to make spiritual and political capital out of the grand new royal foundation.
C.J. Driver
Patrick Duncan
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With a Foreword by Anthony Sampson
Born son of a Governor-General of South Africa, Patrick Duncan rejected the attitudes of his privileged background to follow the Gandhian way of passive reistance, even to jail. This biography traces the life and times of Duncan and the changes and struggles in late-twentieth century South Africa.
Robert Tittler
Two Weather Diaries from Northern England, 1779-1807
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Journals of the natural world reveal fascinating details of life at the time.
These two journals, kept by Quakers in north-east and north-west England respectively, record in careful detail weather and agricultural events of their time and regions. But they also observe all manner of other things and events. The journal of John Chipchase, schoolmaster of Stockton-upon-Tees, recently came to light for the very first time in a Montreal university library. It has much to say about weather and crops, but also meteor showers and the aurora borealis, lightning strikes, fatal diseases, fishing and fishkills, the homing instincts of cats, the life cycle of snails, fierce gales and consequent shipwrecks, and both the causes and local reactions to the near-famine of 1795. Elihu Robinson's record of weather, crops and prices has only been known in manuscript form to a few specialists. Possessed of both a barometer and thermometer, his sometimes even daily observations are remarkably meticulous. As an active Quaker, he also offers a rich description of their life and organization in the Northwest. Taken together, these journals suggest something of the intellectual and cultural bent of two publicly engaged menof their time, both of middling status and informal education, living far from the cosmopolitan world of London and the universities.
ROBERT TITTLER is Distinguished Professor of History Emeritus at Concordia University in Montreal, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
Hugh Driver
The Birth of Military Aviation: Britain, 1903-1914
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A survey of the development of British military aviation from 1903 to 1914, revealing the consequences of its annexation by the state as a branch of armaments as an underlying cause of aircraft inadequacies on the outbreak of war.
A mine of information, drawing on an impressive range of archives. It will become an important point of reference. ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW
This book aims to demonstrate how the crisis evident in British military aviation in the early years of the First World War was inherent in the entire development of aviation in the years preceding the conflict. After outlining the work of the early pioneers and the growth of an aviation industry as a branch of armaments, Dr Driver considers the objectives of the War Office in increasingly seeking to divert design development to their research establishment at Farnborough. He shows how the resultant virtual state monopoly in designand procurement had disastrous consequences for aircraft innovation and development, suffocating both competition and initiative, and leading to the maintenance of inadequate aircraft by the Royal Flying Corps following the outbreak of war. The continuing dispute and its culmination in the "Fokker Scourge" controversy of 1915-1916 graphically characterise the strained development of military-industrial relations in this area.
Dr HUGH DRIVER gained an MA in War Studies from King's College London, and a D.Phil in modern history at Oriel College, Oxford.
Keith Terrance Surridge
Managing the South African War, 1899-1902
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This case study of the power struggle between politicians and generals for control of the strategic management of the South African War illuminates Victorian and Edwardian civil-military relations.
Of all the wars fought by Britain between 1815 and 1914, the South African War (1899-1902) was the most extensive and costly. A few thousand Boer farmers defied the British army for nearly three years and were only defeated following the devastation of much of South Africa. Consequently, the war shattered many illusions about the effectiveness of British imperial power. This book is the first comprehensive survey of the disputes which arose between the British government and Sir Alfred Milner, the High Commissioner for South Africa, and three of the era's most famous soldiers, Lords Wolseley, Roberts, and Kitchener, which centred on whether the politicians or generals should control the strategic management of the war; it argues that the army eventually gained control of the war, with Kitchener in particular determining both its strategy and its settlement.
KEITH TERRANCE SURRIDGE teaches at theUniversity of Notre Dame, London Programme.
Ngwabi Bhebe
Society in Zimbabwe's Liberation War
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These two companion volumes on Soldiers and Society give new perspectives on Zimbabwe's liberation struggle.
This work examines people's beliefs, ideas and experiences both during Zimbabwe's liberation war and afterwards. The contributors look at African religion and Christianity and explore the efforts to educate people for a new society. They also look at the ideas used by whites to justify brutality and at the civilian experiences at the hands of the guerillas and the Fifth Brigade. Finally, they ask whether the new ideas were carried on after the war had ended.
Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe Publications
Anne Orde
Letters of John Buddle to Lord Londonderry, 1820-1843
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Letters between a colliery manager and his employer provide valuable evidence for the growth and development of the coal trade in north-east England.
John Buddle (1773-1843), the most eminent coal viewer and mining engineer and manager of his day, worked for a number of different coal owners in North-East England. In particular, for over twenty years he acted as colliery manager for Charles Stewart, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry. In this capacity Buddle wrote to his employer more than 2,000 letters, of which this book provides a selection. They give not only a detailed, and at times almost a day-to-day account of the coal trade of the Tyne and Wear at a time when the industry was expanding rapidly, but also a discussion of Lord Londonderry's always difficult financial affairs, of his local political activities, and the general condition of the region in a period of change. Buddle emerges from these letters as a self-confident professional man with far-reaching ideas tempered by prudence, ready to speak his mind and by no means always agreeing with his aristocratic employer, though ultimately always bowing to his decisions; Londonderry is revealed as ambitious, willful, and incapable of living within his means. The letters reveal the sometimes troubled relationship between the twovery different men, one that came close to breaking-point in 1841, though the breach was repaired before Buddle's death in 1843; more widely, they paint a vivid picture of north-east England in the early nineteenth century, of its politics, its economy, and its social situation at a time of lively development.
Anne Orde is a retired Senior Lecturer in History, University of Durham.
Adebayo O Olukoshi
The Politics of Structural Adjustment in Nigeria
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Examines the impact of structural adjustment policies on Nigeria.
The economic crisis in the Nigerian economy in 1982 was triggered, though not necessarily caused by, the collapse of the world oil market. The Nigerian state adopted a structural adjustment programme which was approved by the World Bank and the IMF - that decision raised questions about the nature of the crisis and the appropriateness of free market policies in tackling it.
Nigeria: HEBN
J.N. Morris
Religion and Urban Change
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A study of the impact of urbanisation on organised religion in Croydon in the Victorian and Edwardian era.
Drawing upon detailed local sources, Dr Morris's study of the town and suburbs of Croydon concentrates on the impact of urbanisation upon the development of Victorian and Edwardian organised religion. The book addresses in particular the origins and form of what has been described as the decline of organised religion in England, pinpointing the difficulties inherent in previous attempts to account for this phenomenon. In his search for an explanation, Dr Morris argues that it is appropriate to study the local tensions and conflicts which engrossed the attention of the churches in this period, the religious beliefs and activities of the middle classes who composed the broad mass ofchurch membership, and the activities and divisions of the urban elites who were most influential in the churches' management. Finally he examines the role of reformed local government in redefining the sphere within which churchaction was deemed to be effective.
Bernth Lindfors
Black African Literature in English 1997-1999
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This volume lists the work produced on anglophone black African literature between 1997 and 1999.
This bibliographic work is a continuation of the highly acclaimed earlier volumes compiled by Bernth Lindfors. Containing about 10,000 entries, some of which are annotated to identify the authors discussed, it covers books, periodical articles, papers in edited collections and selective coverage of other relevant sources.
Richard Britnell
Records of the Borough of Crossgate, Durham, 1312-1531
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All the available court records for an important part of medieval Durham, presented with notes and apparatus.
The borough of Crossgate formed a large section of the medieval city of Durham. It corresponded to the chapelry, later the parish, of St Margaret, and was subject to the lordship of Durham Priory, in whose archives these documents have survived, dating chiefly from the 1390s and to the years 1498-1531. The records offer a sharp focus on the local administration of justice, as well as containing graphic detail concerning other aspects of urban society in the late middle ages.
They are printed here with a detailed rental of the borough from the year 1500, which allows individual properties to be located and mapped, while the apparatus is designed both to illuminate the record and to serve as an introduction to historians needing to consult other urban records.
Philip Woodfine
Britannia's Glories
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`The War of Jenkins Ear' examined for the first time in a full-length study, looking at the vitality of popular politics and the inner workings of Parliament during the time.
This first full-length study of the 1739 war with Spain, the so-called `War of Jenkins' Ear', looks at both the Spanish and the British side of disputes arising from illicit British trading in the Spanish ports of the Caribbean and the sometimes brutal depredations committed by the Spanish ships licensed to suppress it. It considers the domestic contexts in both countries, including the pressures which bore upon unpopular monarchs and their ministers; in particular, the author demonstrates the vigour with which opposition newspapers vaunted the heritage of British naval power: if ministers only had the political will, it was supposed, Britannia's glories would be revived and she would humble the cowardly popish foreigners of Spain and France. In examining foreign policy in the closing years of the long-lived Walpole ministry, light is also shed on the inner workings of `high politics', and new evidence offered on the development of the cabinet and the important role played by George II. The author concludes that the breakdown of complex and delicate Anglo-Spanish negotiations over the American trade was due not just to British popular outcry over Jenkins' ear but had a variety of causes, including entrenched national principles, and the interplay of individual personalities. Dr PHILIP WOODFINE teaches in the Department of Humanities at the University ofHuddersfield.
Donald Crummey
Banditry, Rebellion and Social Protest in Africa
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Marks a new stage in African resistance studies.
Previous work has tended to place the subject of resistance studies exclusively within an anticolonial context. This collection broadens the concept to include crime and violence.
John M. Todd
The Lanercost Cartulary (Cumbria County Record Office MS DZ/1)
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Also printed as Volume XI in the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society's Record Series.An introduction provides the historical background to the priory (which was founded c. 1169 by Robert I de Vaux),its patrons and the economy of Gilsland. Detailed information on the making, content, history and transcripts of the cartulary is also provided, as are sections on the marginal coats of arms and drawings and the Barony of Gilsland. The cartulary is in fifteen parts.
Ngugi wa Thiong'o
Writers in Politics
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This book reflects many of the concerns found in Decolonising the Mind and Moving the Centre.
Ngugi has put together a new collection under an old title, rewriting most of the pieces that appeared in the original 1981 edition, and adding completely new essays, such as 'Freedom of Expression', written for the campaign to try to save Ken Saro-Wiwa and other Niger Delta activists and writers from execution in Nigeria.
Kenya: EAEP
William Claxton
The Rites of Durham
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First modern edition of a major source of evidence for life in a cathedral immediately prior to the Dissolution.
The importance of the Rites of Durham as a description of a monastic cathedral on the eve of the Dissolution has long been recognized. This new edition, the first for over a century, includes an introduction, placing the Rites in the context of the religious tensions of the Reformation and attributing it to the late sixteenth-century Durham antiquary, William Claxton; a new text based on manuscripts not known to previous editors and giving the full range of variants; a detailed commentary explaining the text and testing out its accuracy against other evidence, including traces in the fabric of the cathedral and its precinct; thirty-six plates showing early drawings of the cathedral and its precinct, surviving objects relating to those described in the text; and manuscript illuminations casting light on the descriptions to be found there; and five plans to facilitate understanding of the text.In addition, a series of appendices contains a full edition of the related text which describes the windows of Durham Cathedral and its precinct; the first ever edition of the letters of William Claxton; an edition of the descriptions of the bells and the organs of the cathedral added to the Rites by the Durham antiquary James Mickleton the elder (1638-93); and a detailed analysis of the earliest surviving manuscript of the Rites, which is in the form ofa paper roll. The volume is completed by a comprehensive index.
C.M. Fraser
Northern Petitions illustrative of life in Berwick, Cumbria and Durham in the fourteenth century
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'The documents _ provide illustrations of the practical difficulties of life in the north of England during the fourteenth century.' Each section has a short historical introduction and each petition, in French, is preceded by acalendar of its contents and followed by its approximate date and an editorial comment on its relation to other known material. Areas covered include trade, defence, compensation, war damage, franchises, legal petitions, financial petitions, clerical petitions etc.. See volume 176.
Simon Gikandi
Reading Chinua Achebe
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Analysis of the writings of Chinua Achebe aimed at students of literature.
Simon Gikandi has set out to reveal '...the very nature of [Achebe's] creativity, its prodigious complexity and richness...its paradoxes and ambiguities. This is scholarship of real stature and supersedes all other studies of Achebe's writing. It comes at a good time. Achebe's literary reputation is equal to that of any living author and a substantial critical canon has been established. - G.D. Killam, Professor of English, University of Guelph
Kenya: EAEP
Joseph Fewster
Morpeth Electoral Correspondence, 1766-1776
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The murkier side of eighteenth-century politics is vividly revealed in the letters edited here.
In the mid-eighteenth century, the borough of Morpeth, in Northumberland, was one of many where established vested interests, whether corporate or aristocratic, faced challenges from below. The documents collected here illustratethe struggle between the "sons of liberty" fighting to restore the freemen's "independence", and the earl of Carlisle, striving to maintain his control of the representation. Over two hundred letters reveal secret deals, rioting pitmen, electoral gerrymandering, and legal chicanery, providing fascinating insights to further our understanding of late eighteenth-century politics. A full introduction puts the letters into their local and national context, andthey are accompanied by elucidatory notes.
Anne Allsopp
How Bedfordshire Voted, 1685-1735: The Evidence of Local Poll Books
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The third volume in BHRS's series of poll books and covers the years from the fall of Walpole to the rise of William Pitt the younger.
This is the first volume of BHRS's series of late seventeenth and early eighteenth century poll books. Poll books tell the story of local people and their link with national history. This book is the first in a series by BHRS containing transcripts of the poll books for the county and borough seats of Bedford, and also includes some election accounts showing candidates' expenditure. The introductory commentary gives an insight into political influences in Bedfordshire during the seminal period of English history from the Glorious Revolution to the accession of George I. It enables comparisons and political trends to be detected, including allegiances of regions of the county and parishes, the survival of the Tory party, the political allegiance of Anglican clergy and the role of Protestant nonconformists. Major landowners were important in Bedfordshire politics, but not dominant, and local gentry played a crucial role. The transcriptions list all those who voted in four county and one borough election. The 8,500 names, fully indexed, will give unparalleled information on local landholding and help family historians find ancestors between the 1671 Hearth Tax and the 1841 Census.
C. Roy Hudleston, Ann M.C. Forster
Miscellanea. Volume III
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I. Durham Recusants' Estates 1717-1778, Part II, edited by C. Roy Hudleston. See volume 173. Continuation in alphabetical order from Edwar Salvin. Appendix of 6 registrations from 1717-22. II. Durham Estates on the Recusants'Roll 1636-7.
I. Durham Recusants' Estates: ii. 1717-1778 Continuation from SS 173 (o/p). II. Durham Estates on the Recusants' Roll 1636-7.
Alan Munden
The Religious Census of 1851: Northumberland and County Durham
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An edition, with introduction and notes, of the unique census for religious worship, in north-east England.
In 1851, for the only time in British history, a count of those attending any place of religious worship was held alongside the usual decenial census of population. This volume is an edition of the census for the counties of Northumberland and Durham, together with some outlying parts of the diocese of Durham now in modern-day Cumbria and North Yorkshire. An introduction sets the census in context, as well as highlighting some surprises, such as the number of Mormon churches in the North-East by this time, or the returns signed off by women, or even the Church of England clergyman too drunk to complete the return. A detailed description of each place of worship follows, showing for instance the numbers who attended the various churches, the age of the church, its endowment if any, together with comments from those who completed the form. The census returns are supplemented with additional information by the editor, and also by a list of those places of worship overlooked by the census.
Eldred Durosimi Jones
ALT 9 Africa, America & the Caribbean: African Literature Today
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The re-issue of archival volumes ALT 1 to ALT 14 makes the complete series available and provides the historical perspective of these early contributions to the literature and its criticism.
A survey of the tournament in England from its first emergence in the 12th century to the beginning of the 15th, when technical changes altered its very nature.
Juliet Barker surveys the tournament in England from its first emergence in the twelfth century to the beginning of the fifteenth, when it was revolutionised by the emergence of technical changes which altered its very nature. Theoriginal publication of this study, deriving from Juliet Barker's PhD thesis supervised by Maurice Keen, reestablished the importance of the tournament at the heart of medieval chivalric culture. The first serious scholarly publication for over half a century, it dramatically reawakened interest in the historical context of tournaments, and is especially valuable for its detailed evidence on the early years. Tournaments are shown as far more than just sport. They had wide political, social and military implications; in England their potential as a political instrument was quickly realised: for the disaffected they became a means of rebellion and feuding, but for the king and court they were a powerful propaganda machine. Participation in tournaments was also a way to earn a coveted reputation for chivalry; the passion for tourneying could bring knights lasting fame. Military demands accounted for the increasing sophistication of armour and weapons, partly in response to the demands of the tourneyers, who needed military training that reflected their role in actual combat. This wide-ranging study looks at the tournament fromall these angles, and in so doing produces an exemplary history of the first three hundred years of their development.
JULIET BARKER is a well-known broadcaster and writer, whose other books include The Brontesand Wordsworth: A Life in Letters.
William Greenwell
Bishop Hatfield's Survey, A Record of the Possessions of the See of Durham, Made by Order of Thomas de Hatfield, Bishop of Durham. With an Appendix of Original Documents, and a Glossary.
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Survey made 1377-1380 by Bishop Hatfield (1345-1382). Much more extensive than Boldon Buke. Contains full list of all tenants, with quantity of land they held and enumeration of services belonging to each manor. 'Singularly curious as a repertory of names during the fourteenth century.' Appendices include bailiff's roll of manor of Auckland 1337-8, bailiff's rolls for various episcopal manors, 1349-50, and a general receiver's roll for 1385-6.
Joan Briggs, John Smith Jennifer Tindall, Ann Tumman Xenia Webster
Sunderland Wills and Inventories, 1651-1675
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Edition, with full explanatory apparatus, of wills and inventories from north-east England.
This volume contains full transcripts of all the wills and probate inventories (and one rare record, an exceptionally detailed probate account) which survive from Sunderland and its environs (the parishes of Bishopwearmouth and Monkwearmouth, Co. Durham) in the twenty-five years between 1651 and 1675. It draws together 119 files of documents preserved in The National Archives, the special collections of Durham University Library (which holds the majorityof the records presented here), the Borthwick Institute at the University of York and Durham Cathedral Library. Together, they paint a vivid picture of Sunderland at a period of rapid change, as it developed as an industrial and trading port. Testators include shipowners, shipwrights, anchor smiths, mariners, coal fitters, and merchants and the records include some very detailed inventories, notably one of a woolen draper and clothier. The documents are supported by an introduction which places them in their context, outlines local aspects of the turbulent controversies of the time, and examines changes in the local economy and in houses and household furnishing. The volume also includes a glossary explaining words not in current use, and indexes of names and subjects.
Constance M. Fraser
The Northumberland Eyre Roll for 1293
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First full edition of a crucial source for knowledge of the period.
The eyre roll is a major source of information about medieval life, ranging from local courts and land tenure through town customs and the status of women to general neighbourliness. This is especially important for Northumberland, where constant border raiding was detrimental to the accumulation of local records. The survival of the Northumberland Eyre Roll for 1293, recording over eleven hundred law suits, provides a rare glimpse of the county (togetherwith information on Lancashire, Westmorland and Cumberland) on the eve of the outbreak of the Anglo-Scottish wars; as only brief extracts from the roll have been published previously, this full edition will be warmly welcomed. Thetext is accompanied by notes and a subject index providing a full guide to topics of special interest. CONSTANCE FRASER is a retired lecturer.
J. Forbes Munro
Maritime Enterprise and Empire
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The 19C roots of globalisation demonstrated through an account of the enterprise network created by the Scottish merchant, William Mackinnon. WINNER OF THE 2004 WADSWORTH PRIZE. WINNER OF THE 2004 SALTIRE SOCIETY RESEARCH BOOK OF THE YEAR AWARD.
This book explores the nineteenth century roots of globalisation through the activities of the enterprise network created by the Scottish merchant, William Mackinnon. It follows the rise of the family-led business group from its modest origins in Scotland to its transformation into the world's largest maritime and mercantile conglomerate, tracing the history of the various shipping firms within the group - including the British India, Netherlands India andAustralasian United companies - and identifies the key factors behind its domination of coastal steamshipping around the Indian Ocean and into the western Pacific. It provides an analysis of the anatomy and dynamics of the enterprise network over time. The book also examines Mackinnon's relationship with the imperial statesman, Sir Henry Bartle Frere, which drew the network into the operations of British "informal imperialism" in the Persian Gulf, Red Seaand East-Central Africa regions, and eventually to its sponsorship of the ill-fated Imperial British East Africa Company. It breaks new ground in identifying the interplay of personal and business considerations behind Mackinnon's participation in the "Scramble for Africa" in its combination of maritime history with business history and imperial history to contribute to the current debate over "gentlemanly capitalism" and British overseas expansion.
WINNER OF THE 2004 WADSWORTH PRIZE. JOINT WINNER OF THE 2004 SALTIRE SOCIETY RESEARCH BOOK OF THE YEAR AWARD.
J. FORBES MUNRO is emeritus professor of international economic history, University of Glasgow.
D.J. Rowe
The Records of the Company of Shipwrights of Newcastle upon Tyne 1622-1967. Volume II
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See volume 181. Three appendicies and indexes. I. Members of the Shipwrights Company (those who were apprenticed to members of the Shipwrights's company and those who were made free by servitude, patrimony or presentation, compiled from lists of indentures and dates of freedom given either in the registers or account books, II. Officers of the Company, III. Fines.
Jane Platt
The Diocese of Carlisle, 1814-1855
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The notebooks of bishops of Carlisle reveal a wealth of detail concerning clerical life at the time.
The volume presents three nineteenth-century manuscripts originally created for the use of bishops of Carlisle: Walter Fletcher's "Diocesan Book", written between 1814 and 1845, and Bishop Hugh Percy's two parish notebooks, compiled between 1828 and 1855. Based on visitations, and on articles of enquiry now lost, they add to a growing body of knowledge relating to the condition of the Church in the first half of the nineteenth century, providing a unique record of livings in the Carlisle diocese prior to its expansion in 1856. In particular, they illuminate the concerns of two significant clerical figures. In 1814 the newly installed chancellor, Walter Fletcher, set about recordinghis primary visitation, updating his notes frequently until the year before his death in 1846. In 1828 the newly consecrated bishop, Hugh Percy, created his own diocesan record, utilising Fletcher's material while adding matter of his own. The popularity of Anglican ritualism since the advent of Tractarianism has made it commonplace for the Georgian Church to be viewed with a certain amount of disdain. The notebooks allow us a more objective view ofthe period. Fletcher's notes on the 130 churches he visited are particularly valuable in presenting a diligent, hard-working clergyman, loyal to the Tory high-church traditions into which he had been born, with a vision for the diocese which, above all, was one of orderliness and obedience to canon law. The documents are presented here with introduction and notes. Dr Jane Platt is an honorary researcher in history at Lancaster University.
Angela Marsden
A Raine Miscellany
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Memoir of north of England childhood of James Raine (1791-1858), antiquary and local historian, with later letters and family papers.
Edition of James Raine the Elder's memoir of his northern England childhood and other family materials, prepared by his great-grand-daughter, Angela Marsden. Printed in the year of the bicentenary of his birth. Contains: Memoirof his Childhood, by James Raine (1791-1858); Early Life of M. Raine, by Margaret Hunt, daughter of James Raine; Letters of Thomas Peacock concerning the Birkbeck Family (Peacock was father-in-law of James Raine). Concludes witha list of the society's publications up to volume 200.
Helen E. Maurer
Margaret of Anjou
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Margaret of Anjou was a vengeful and violent woman, or so we have been told, whose vindictive spirit fuelled the fifteenth-century dynastic conflict, the Wars of the Roses. In Shakespeare's rendering she becomes an adulterous queen who mocks her captive enemy, Richard, duke of York, before killing him in cold blood. Shakespeare's portrayal has proved to be remarkably resilient, because Margaret's queenship lends itself to such an assessment. In 1445, at the age of fifteen, she was married to the ineffectual Henry VI, a move expected to ensure peace with France and an heir to the throne. Eight years later, while she was in the later stages of her only pregnancy, Henry suffered a complete mental collapse that left him catatonic for roughly a year and a half: Margaret came to the political forefront. In the aftermath of the king's illness, she became an indefatigable leader of the Lancastrian loyalists in their struggle against their Yorkist opponents. Margaret's exercise of power was always fraught with difficulty: as a woman, her effective power was dependent upon her invocation of the authority of her husband or her son. Her enemies lost no opportunity to charge her with misconduct of all kinds. More than five hundred years after Margaret's death this examination of her life and career allows a more balanced and detached view.
Joan Briggs
Sunderland Wills and Inventories, 1601-1650
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Edition, with full explanatory apparatus, of wills and inventories from north-east England.
Complete editorial team: Joan Briggs, Rita McGhee, John Smith, Jennifer Tindell, Ann Tumman, Xenia Webster
What was to become the town of Sunderland emerged in the earlier seventeenth century from two parishes north and south of the river Wear, Monkwearmouth and Bishopwearmouth, developing from a small fishing village into a significant east-coast port and industrial centre; a charter granted by the bishop of Durham in 1630 confirms its status. This volume comprises its surviving probate documents from the period 1601-50, containing material relating to some ninety-one individuals, twelve of them women. The inventories that accompany most of the wills (and insome cases survive where the wills do not) detail their household goods, thus constituting a rich source of information about ways of life and standards of living in the early seventeenth century. The wills and inventories are edited here in full in the original spelling, with a glossary, introduction, notes and an index.
Thomas Woodcock, Sarah Flower
Dictionary of British Arms: Medieval Ordinary Volume IV
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This volume continues the major project of creating a reliable means of identifying British medieval coats of arms, which began in 1940; it will be of interest not only to heralds, but also to aid historians, archaeologists, genealogists, and antiquaries.
This book continues the Dictionary of British Medieval Arms, a major work which is designed to enable those with a working knowledge of heraldry to identify medieval British coats of arms. The Dictionary is the result of a bequest to the Society of Antiquaries in 1926 for the production of a new edition of Papworth's Ordinary which has remained, since its publication in 1874, the principal tool for the identification of British coats of arms. An Ordinary, in this context, is a collection of arms arranged alphabetically according to their designs, as opposed to an armory which is arranged alphabetically by surname. The indices of the four volumes act as an armory. The Dictionary covers the period before the beginning of the heraldic visitations in 1530. Its publication will mean that the wide range of people interested in medieval arms - historians, antiquaries, archaeologists, genealogist and those dealing in and collecting medieval objects - will be able to identify accurately the arms that occur in a medieval context. Even those without a knowledge of the subject will be able, by means of the index, todiscover the blazon of arms recorded under particular surnames in the Middle Ages.
David Hulme, Marshall W. Murphree
African Wildlife and Livelihoods
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This volume examines just how successful community-based conservation approaches have been in their twin objectives of conserving African environments and improving rural livelihoods.
Recent conservation policies in Africa have followed three main principles: 1) that conservation should be community-based; 2) that things conserved should be managed to achieve both development and conservation goals; 3) that markets should play a role in shaping the incentives for conservation. The editors and contributors of this volume examine the success or otherwise of these practices in a number of different contexts across the continent.
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